CN114041411A - 园林绿化植物无土育苗方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种园林绿化植物无土育苗方法,包括如下步骤:步骤一:预制育苗基质,其中育苗基质组分组成如下:秸秆40‑50份、纤维棉20‑30份、锯末10‑20份、蛭石5‑10份、褐煤灰5‑10份、保水剂1‑2份,促生剂1‑5份。本发明的育苗基质可广泛应用于园林绿化植物,无土育苗能大大提高空间的利用率,减轻劳动强度,省工,节约燃料,节省种子,不污染环境,无土育苗的基质通过高温处理后,在育苗生产过程中不易发生病虫害和长杂草,无土育苗营养液无毒、无味,使用方便,肥力持续时间长,养分能很快被幼苗吸收利用,成本低,使用安全,可取得较高的经济效益,苗出苗率高,出苗整齐,根系发达,生长速度快,在短时间内可育出适龄的壮苗。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及无土栽培领域,具体为园林绿化植物无土育苗方法。
背景技术
无土育苗,是近代培养植物所用的新技术,不用泥土,而是将植物多需要的营养配成培养液,来培育植物的方法。即不用土壤,而用非土壤的固体材料作基质,浇营养液,或不用任何基质,而利用水培或雾培的方式进行育苗,称为无土育苗。按是否利用基质,又可分为基质育苗和营养液育苗,前者是利用蛭石、珍珠岩、岩棉等基质并浇灌营养液苗;后者不用任何基质,只利用某些支撑物和营养液。
在园林绿化植物无土育苗时,一般采用含有植物生长发育必需元素的营养液来提供营养,比例协调,浓度适量,使植物正常完成整个生命周期。采用无毒无害的支撑物,如塑料,合金或者陶瓷等。注意防止菌类和藻类污染,如非必要,水培器皿不要透光,防止菌类藻类繁殖。水培同时注意通风透气,及时更换液体,防止烂根,雾培注意喷灌施肥时间。
现有国内育苗基质生产单位主要以蛭石、珍珠岩、泥炭及动物粪便、芦苇末、中药渣、菇渣等作为育苗基质原料。园林绿化植物无土育苗采用基质,基本是单一基质,但是植物种植中使用单一基质无法满足植物生长的所有理化性质,不利于园林绿化植物的育苗,应用具有局限性。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种园林绿化植物无土育苗方法,具有广泛的应用性。
为达成上述目的,本发明提出如下技术方案:园林绿化植物无土育苗方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:预制育苗基质,按重量份数计准备育苗基质,其中育苗基质组分组成如下:秸秆40-50份、纤维棉20-30份、锯末10-20份、蛭石5-10份、褐煤灰5-10份、保水剂1-2份,促生剂1-5份;
步骤二:育苗基质处理,秸秆腐熟料和纤维棉切割得到预设大小的颗粒状状物料,将锯末、蛭石和褐煤灰一起粉碎成预设大小的粉状大小,之后将颗粒状的秸秆腐熟料和粉状的锯末、蛭石混合进行有机物料堆制发酵处理;
步骤三:选种及预处理,育苗前需进行发芽率测试,选择抗病、高产、商品性好、适合市场需求的品种,对种子消毒处理并晾干,在消毒液为0.1%的高锰酸钾溶液中消毒,然后冲洗干净,晾干备用。
步骤四:播种晾干后的种子于育苗盘中,播种深度2-5cm,播种后覆盖一层基质并抹平,然后用阿维菌素1000倍稀释液喷湿基质表面,再滴灌营养液,给指定光照进行培养;
步骤五:苗期管理:发芽前,每1-3天浇水一次,用干净的自来水,每天补营养液一次,发芽后,早晚喷淋清水控制基质温湿度,发芽4-7天后,每三天喷淋一次营养液,EC值为:1.0,对育苗盆进行清洗消毒,海绵对育苗盆进行擦洗,直至育苗成功。
进一步的,在本发明中,所述步骤一中的锯末为阔叶植物的锯末,褐煤灰为热电厂废弃物,采用粒径2~3mm颗粒,用水冲洗干净再使用。
进一步的,在本发明中,所述步骤二中有机物料堆制发酵处理包括如下过程:采用高温速腐剂进行堆制发酵腐熟处理40-50天,待有机物料充分腐熟后,将其破碎、干燥,过筛得到发酵物料,将发酵物料与纤维棉、褐煤均匀混合搅拌,再加入复合肥和增效剂,均匀搅拌形成基质半成品,之后测定、调整基质的理化指标,使含水量、总孔隙度、容重、气水比、EC值、pH指标符合预设要求。
进一步的,在本发明中,所述营养液由以下重量份数的原料制得:硝酸钙10-15份,氮、磷、钾复合肥20-30份,硫酸镁1~5份,乙二胺四乙酸铁钠1~5份,硫酸锰0.1~0.5份,水1000份,杀菌剂0.5~1份。
进一步的,在本发明中,所述所述保水剂为聚丙烯酰胺,所述促生剂为亚硒酸钠或甘露醇。
进一步的,在本发明中,在步骤四中加入生根粉液,所述生根粉液为质量比:5∶2∶2∶2∶1的吲哚丁酸、萘乙酸钠、乳酸、ABT1号生根粉和芸苔素内酯搅拌混合构成。
有益效果,本申请的技术方案具备如下技术效果:
本发明的育苗基质可广泛应用于园林绿化植物,无土育苗能大大提高空间的利用率,减轻劳动强度,省工,节约燃料,节省种子,不污染环境,无土育苗的基质通过高温处理后,在育苗生产过程中不易发生病虫害和长杂草,无土育苗营养液无毒、无味,使用方便,肥力持续时间长,养分能很快被幼苗吸收利用,成本低,使用安全,可取得较高的经济效益,本发明的无土育苗出苗率高,出苗整齐,根系发达,生长速度快,在短时间内可育出适龄的壮苗。
应当理解,前述构思以及在下面更加详细地描述的额外构思的所有组合只要在这样的构思不相互矛盾的情况下都可以被视为本公开的发明主题的一部分。
从下面的描述中可以更加全面地理解本发明教导的前述和其他方面、实施例和特征。本发明的其他附加方面例如示例性实施方式的特征和/或有益效果将在下面的描述中显见,或通过根据本发明教导的具体实施方式的实践中得知。
具体实施方式
为了更了解本发明的技术内容,特举具体实施例说明如下。本公开的实施例不必定义在包括本发明的所有方面。应当理解,上面介绍的多种构思和实施例,以及下面更加详细地描述的那些构思和实施方式可以以很多方式中任意一种来实施,这是因为本发明所公开的构思和实施例并不限于任何实施方式。另外,本发明公开的一些方面可以单独使用,或者与本发明公开的其他方面的任何适当组合来使用。
实施例1:
园林绿化植物无土育苗方法,本实施例园林绿化植物为金盏菊,金盏菊又名大金盏菊、水涨菊、山金菊,在植物分类系统中属菊科,金盏菊属。金盏菊是一种常见的观赏花卉,同时又是一种中草药,其干花亦可以作为花茶。原产于埃及和欧洲南部,但由于适应性较强,现已广植于世界各地,我国各地均有栽培。金盏菊不仅在食品和化妆品行业被广泛应用,而且在欧洲的医学、药学和植物学史上也起着举足轻重的作用。
其中种植包括如下步骤:
步骤一:预制育苗基质,按重量份数计准备育苗基质,其中育苗基质组分组成如下:秸秆45份、纤维棉20份、锯末10份、蛭石10份、褐煤灰10份、保水剂2份,促生剂3份;锯末为阔叶植物的锯末,褐煤灰为热电厂废弃物,采用粒径2~3mm颗粒,用水冲洗干净再使用,所述所述保水剂为聚丙烯酰胺,所述促生剂为亚硒酸钠或甘露醇。
步骤二:育苗基质处理,秸秆腐熟料和纤维棉切割得到预设大小的颗粒状状物料,将锯末、蛭石和褐煤灰一起粉碎成预设大小的粉状大小,之后将颗粒状的秸秆腐熟料和粉状的锯末、蛭石混合进行有机物料堆制发酵处理,有机物料堆制发酵处理包括如下过程:采用高温速腐剂进行堆制发酵腐熟处理45天,待有机物料充分腐熟后,将其破碎、干燥,过筛得到发酵物料,将发酵物料与纤维棉、褐煤均匀混合搅拌,再加入复合肥和增效剂,均匀搅拌形成基质半成品,之后测定、调整基质的理化指标,使含水量、总孔隙度、容重、气水比、EC值、pH指标符合预设要求。
育苗基质整理,金盏菊一般种植行间距30cm,金盏菊成行排列,金盏菊定植成一条直线,每行金盏菊两旁起垄,垄宽20cm,高20cm,垄间空地耕深20cm,然后耙平整。
步骤三:选种及预处理,育苗前需进行发芽率测试,选择抗病、高产、商品性好、适合市场需求的品种,对种子消毒处理并晾干,在消毒液为0.1%的高锰酸钾溶液中消毒,然后冲洗干净,晾干备用。
亦或者,精选种子,剔除杂质和秕籽,确保种子饱满,对选出的种子进行晒种,播种前将种子在温度38℃温水中浸泡3h,然后捞出用清水滤一遍,晾干水分,为防出苗期鼠害或病虫害,再用甲基托布津药剂进行拌种,即可播种。
步骤四:播种晾干后的种子于育苗盘中,播种深度5cm,播种后覆盖一层基质并抹平,然后用阿维菌素1000倍稀释液喷湿基质表面,再滴灌营养液,所述营养液由以下重量份数的原料制得:硝酸钙15份,氮、磷、钾复合肥25份,硫酸镁1份,乙二胺四乙酸铁钠1份,硫酸锰0.5份,水1000份,杀菌剂1份,给指定光照进行培养。再加入生根粉液,所述生根粉液为质量比:5∶2∶2∶2∶1的吲哚丁酸、萘乙酸钠、乳酸、ABT1号生根粉和芸苔素内酯搅拌混合构成。
播种时间为春季3月底,采用人工条播,宽窄行种植,宽行60cm,窄行30cm,株距20cm,播种深度在1.2cm,播种量为出苗后,金盏菊密度为每亩保苗10000株。
步骤五:苗期管理:发芽前,每2天浇水一次,用干净的自来水,每天补营养液一次,发芽后,早晚喷淋清水控制基质温湿度,发芽4天后,每三天喷淋一次营养液,EC值为:1.0,对育苗盆进行清洗消毒,海绵对育苗盆进行擦洗,直至育苗成功,。
实施例2:
园林绿化植物无土育苗方法,本实施例园林绿化植物为袖珍椰子,又秤矮生椰子、袖珍棕、袖珍葵、幸福棕等多种别称,原产于墨西哥及美洲地区,属棕榈科。喜温暖、潮湿气候,用肥沃且排水良好的砂壤土种植较宜。它茎干直立,不分枝,深绿色,上具不规则花纹。叶一般着生于枝干顶,羽状全裂,裂片披针形,互生,深绿色,有光泽。长14~22厘米,宽2~3厘米,顶端两片羽叶的基部常合生为鱼尾状,嫩叶绿色,老叶墨绿色,表面有光泽,如蜡制品。茎干细长直立,通常为单生,浓绿色且具有叶片脱落后叶鞘基部留下的环痕,环痕间长短不一。叶互生集生于茎干先端,单数羽状全裂,长30-40厘米,裂片披针形,20-40枚,深绿色,革质。肉穗花序多分枝,呈圆锥花序状粉生。雌雄同株,并同一个花序,花黄色。果实近国形,成熟时蓝黑色。
包括如下步骤:
步骤一:预制育苗基质,按重量份数计准备育苗基质,其中育苗基质组分组成如下:秸秆40份、纤维棉30份、锯末10份、蛭石5份、褐煤灰10份、保水剂1份,促生剂4份;锯末为阔叶植物的锯末,褐煤灰为热电厂废弃物,采用粒径2~3mm颗粒,用水冲洗干净再使用,所述所述保水剂为聚丙烯酰胺,所述促生剂为亚硒酸钠或甘露醇。
步骤二:育苗基质处理,秸秆腐熟料和纤维棉切割得到预设大小的颗粒状状物料,将锯末、蛭石和褐煤灰一起粉碎成预设大小的粉状大小,之后将颗粒状的秸秆腐熟料和粉状的锯末、蛭石混合进行有机物料堆制发酵处理,有机物料堆制发酵处理包括如下过程:采用高温速腐剂进行堆制发酵腐熟处理50天,待有机物料充分腐熟后,将其破碎、干燥,过筛得到发酵物料,将发酵物料与纤维棉、褐煤均匀混合搅拌,再加入复合肥和增效剂,均匀搅拌形成基质半成品,之后测定、调整基质的理化指标,使含水量、总孔隙度、容重、气水比、EC值、pH指标符合预设要求。
育苗基质整理,袖珍椰子一般种植行间距50cm,袖珍椰子成行排列,袖珍椰子定植成一条直线,每行袖珍椰子两旁起垄,垄宽40cm,高30cm,垄间空地耕深30cm,然后耙平整。
步骤三:选种及预处理,育苗前需进行发芽率测试,选择抗病、高产、商品性好、适合市场需求的品种,对种子消毒处理并晾干,在消毒液为0.1%的高锰酸钾溶液中消毒,然后冲洗干净,晾干备用。
步骤四:播种晾干后的种子于育苗盘中,播种深度2cm,播种后覆盖一层基质并抹平,然后用阿维菌素1000倍稀释液喷湿基质表面,再滴灌营养液,所述营养液由以下重量份数的原料制得:硝酸钙15份,氮、磷、钾复合肥30份,硫酸镁5份,乙二胺四乙酸铁钠5份,硫酸锰0.5份,水1000份,杀菌剂0.1份,给指定光照进行培养。再加入生根粉液,所述生根粉液为质量比:5∶2∶2∶2∶1的吲哚丁酸、萘乙酸钠、乳酸、ABT1号生根粉和芸苔素内酯搅拌混合构成。
播种时间为春季5月底,采用人工条播,宽窄行种植,宽行80cm,窄行60cm,株距30cm,播种深度在3cm,播种量为出苗后,袖珍椰子密度为每亩保苗5000株。
步骤五:苗期管理:发芽前,每1天浇水一次,用干净的自来水,每天补营养液一次,发芽后,早晚喷淋清水控制基质温湿度,发芽7天后,每三天喷淋一次营养液,EC值为:1.0,对育苗盆进行清洗消毒,海绵对育苗盆进行擦洗,直至育苗成功。
经过观察记载袖珍椰子在株高和叶片数方面的状况,本发明培养的袖珍椰子在株形上表现出了优势,特别是在株高和冠幅方面等,从而提高了观赏价值。
本发明的育苗基质可广泛应用于园林绿化植物,无土育苗能大大提高空间的利用率,减轻劳动强度,省工,节约燃料,节省种子,不污染环境,无土育苗的基质通过高温处理后,在育苗生产过程中不易发生病虫害和长杂草,无土育苗营养液无毒、无味,使用方便,肥力持续时间长,养分能很快被幼苗吸收利用,成本低,使用安全,可取得较高的经济效益,本发明的无土育苗出苗率高,出苗整齐,根系发达,生长速度快,在短时间内可育出适龄的壮苗。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上,然其并非用以限定本发明。本发明所属技术领域中具有通常知识者,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,当可作各种的更动与润饰。因此,本发明的保护范围当视权利要求书所界定者为准。
Claims (6)
1.园林绿化植物无土育苗方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
步骤一:预制育苗基质,按重量份数计准备育苗基质,其中育苗基质组分组成如下:秸秆40-50份、纤维棉20-30份、锯末10-20份、蛭石5-10份、褐煤灰5-10份、保水剂1-2份,促生剂1-5份;
步骤二:育苗基质处理,秸秆腐熟料和纤维棉切割得到预设大小的颗粒状状物料,将锯末、蛭石和褐煤灰一起粉碎成预设大小的粉状大小,之后将颗粒状的秸秆腐熟料和粉状的锯末、蛭石混合进行有机物料堆制发酵处理;
步骤三:选种及预处理,育苗前需进行发芽率测试,选择抗病、高产、商品性好、适合市场需求的品种,对种子消毒处理并晾干,在消毒液为0.1%的高锰酸钾溶液中消毒,然后冲洗干净,晾干备用。
步骤四:播种晾干后的种子于育苗盘中,播种深度2-5cm,播种后覆盖一层基质并抹平,然后用阿维菌素1000倍稀释液喷湿基质表面,再滴灌营养液,给指定光照进行培养;
步骤五:苗期管理:发芽前,每1-3天浇水一次,用干净的自来水,每天补营养液一次,发芽后,早晚喷淋清水控制基质温湿度,发芽4-7天后,每三天喷淋一次营养液,EC值为:1.0,对育苗盆进行清洗消毒,海绵对育苗盆进行擦洗,直至育苗成功。
2.根据权利要求1所述的园林绿化植物无土育苗方法,其特征在于:所述步骤一中的锯末为阔叶植物的锯末,褐煤灰为热电厂废弃物,采用粒径2~3mm颗粒,用水冲洗干净再使用。
3.根据权利要求1所述的园林绿化植物无土育苗方法,其特征在于:所述步骤二中有机物料堆制发酵处理包括如下过程:采用高温速腐剂进行堆制发酵腐熟处理40-50天,待有机物料充分腐熟后,将其破碎、干燥,过筛得到发酵物料,将发酵物料与纤维棉、褐煤均匀混合搅拌,再加入复合肥和增效剂,均匀搅拌形成基质半成品,之后测定、调整基质的理化指标,使含水量、总孔隙度、容重、气水比、EC值、pH指标符合预设要求。
4.根据权利要求1所述的园林绿化植物无土育苗方法,其特征在于:所述营养液由以下重量份数的原料制得:硝酸钙10-15份,氮、磷、钾复合肥20-30份,硫酸镁1~5份,乙二胺四乙酸铁钠1~5份,硫酸锰0.1~0.5份,水1000份,杀菌剂0.5~1份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的园林绿化植物无土育苗方法,其特征在于:所述所述保水剂为聚丙烯酰胺,所述促生剂为亚硒酸钠或甘露醇。
6.根据权利要求1所述的园林绿化植物无土育苗方法,其特征在于:在步骤四中加入生根粉液,所述生根粉液为质量比:5∶2∶2∶2∶1的吲哚丁酸、萘乙酸钠、乳酸、ABT1号生根粉和芸苔素内酯搅拌混合构成。
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