CN114040478A - Low-power-consumption intelligent super-surface hardware structure, precoding method and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种低功耗的智能超表面硬件结构、预编码方法及装置,该硬件结构包括:多个子阵列、与每个子阵列一一对应的放大电路,以及与每个RIS单元对应的相移电路;其中,每个子阵列包括多个RIS单元,每个子阵列的不同RIS单元共用一个放大电路,每个RIS单元分别使用不同相移电路。该硬件结构通过由多个RIS单元构成的子阵列共用一个放大电路,有效解决有源RIS由于引入大量有源放大电路而带来的高功耗问题,相比传统全连接结构,本发明的智能超表面硬件结构可以获得显著的能效提升。其预编码方法以最大化系统能效为目标,优化了子连接有源RIS放大控制与相移控制,能够有效节省因大量放大电路消耗的系统能量。
The present invention provides a low power consumption intelligent metasurface hardware structure, precoding method and device. The hardware structure includes: a plurality of sub-arrays, amplifying circuits corresponding to each sub-array one-to-one, and a phase corresponding to each RIS unit. A shift circuit; wherein each sub-array includes a plurality of RIS units, different RIS units of each sub-array share an amplifying circuit, and each RIS unit uses a different phase shift circuit. The hardware structure effectively solves the problem of high power consumption caused by the introduction of a large number of active amplifying circuits in the active RIS by sharing a sub-array composed of multiple RIS units. Compared with the traditional fully connected structure, the intelligent Metasurface hardware structures can achieve significant energy efficiency improvements. Its precoding method aims at maximizing system energy efficiency, optimizes sub-connection active RIS amplification control and phase shift control, and can effectively save system energy consumed by a large number of amplification circuits.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及无线通信领域,尤其涉及一种低功耗的智能超表面硬件结构、预编码方法及装置。The present invention relates to the field of wireless communication, and in particular, to a low-power consumption intelligent metasurface hardware structure, precoding method and device.
背景技术Background technique
智能超表面(Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface,RIS)被认为是未来6G通信的备选关键技术之一。如图1的a部分所示,RIS是由大量可调控信号相位的无源单元组成的大规模阵列,可以对入射信号进行智能调控,使其能够以高增益反射到任意指定方向上。由于RIS的成本和功耗都很低,它在克服中断、提升容量、节省发射功率等场景中都存在应用价值。Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) is considered to be one of the key technologies for future 6G communication. As shown in part a of Fig. 1, RIS is a large-scale array composed of a large number of passive elements that can tune the phase of the signal, which can intelligently tune the incident signal so that it can be reflected in any specified direction with high gain. Since the cost and power consumption of RIS are very low, it has application value in scenarios such as overcoming interruptions, increasing capacity, and saving transmit power.
如图2所示,RIS的引入带来了“乘性路损效应”,即发射机-RIS-接收机链路的路损是两段信道路损的乘积(而不是加和),这会使得其增益远远小于直射链路增益。这一“乘性路损效应”进而使得RIS在直射链路较强的场景中难以体现出明显优势而出现了致命的问题。为了克服“乘性路损效应”,一项名为有源RIS的新技术被提出,它可以在无论直射链路强或弱的场景下都能提高容量。具体而言,如图1的b部分所示,与传统无源RIS对信号只进行相位调控不同,有源RIS还在每个单元的相移电路之外集成了一个放大电路,使得RIS可以对反射信号进行放大,进一步使得乘性路损转化为加性路损。As shown in Figure 2, the introduction of RIS brings about the "multiplicative path loss effect", that is, the path loss of the transmitter-RIS-receiver link is the product (rather than the sum) of the path losses of the two channels, which will Makes its gain far less than the direct link gain. This "multiplicative road loss effect" makes it difficult for RIS to show obvious advantages in scenarios with strong direct links, which leads to fatal problems. In order to overcome the "multiplicative path loss effect", a new technology called active RIS was proposed, which can increase the capacity regardless of whether the direct link is strong or weak. Specifically, as shown in part b of Figure 1, unlike the traditional passive RIS that only performs phase regulation on the signal, the active RIS also integrates an amplifier circuit outside the phase shift circuit of each unit, so that the RIS can The reflected signal is amplified to further convert the multiplicative path loss into an additive path loss.
然而,现有的有源RIS结构是一种每个单元集成独立的相移电路和放大电路的全连接结构,这使得有源RIS的功耗会随着单元数的增加而大大提高。以每个放大电路消耗静态功率10mW为例,一个1000单元的有源RIS仅在放大电路的静态功耗就要消耗10W,这已经可以和一个典型基站的发射功率相比拟,在实际部署中是难以接受的。因此,有源RIS需要不同于全连接结构的新结构来节省功耗。However, the existing active RIS structure is a fully connected structure in which each unit integrates an independent phase shift circuit and an amplifier circuit, which makes the power consumption of the active RIS greatly increase with the increase of the number of units. Taking the static power consumption of each amplifier circuit of 10mW as an example, a 1000-unit active RIS consumes 10W only in the static power consumption of the amplifier circuit, which can already be compared with the transmit power of a typical base station. hard to accept. Therefore, active RIS requires a new structure different from the fully connected structure to save power consumption.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供一种低功耗的智能超表面硬件结构、预编码方法及装置。In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a low-power consumption intelligent metasurface hardware structure, a precoding method and an apparatus.
本发明提供一种低功耗的智能超表面硬件结构,包括:多个子阵列、与每个子阵列一一对应的放大电路,以及与每个智能超表面RIS单元对应的相移电路;其中,每个子阵列包括多个RIS单元,每个子阵列的不同RIS单元共用一个放大电路,每个RIS单元分别使用不同相移电路。The present invention provides an intelligent metasurface hardware structure with low power consumption, comprising: a plurality of subarrays, an amplifier circuit corresponding to each subarray one-to-one, and a phase shift circuit corresponding to each intelligent metasurface RIS unit; Each sub-array includes a plurality of RIS units, different RIS units of each sub-array share an amplifying circuit, and each RIS unit uses a different phase shift circuit respectively.
本发明还提供一种基于上述低功耗的智能超表面硬件结构的预编码方法,包括:基于预调节每一相移电路的相位以及每一放大电路的放大系数,以实现波束赋形的预编码;以基站和RIS的最大功率为约束条件,确定使系统能效最大化的所有相移电路的相位和放大电路的系数的调节结果,作为对应的预编码方案;其中,所述系统为用户终端、RIS和基站构成的系统。The present invention also provides a precoding method based on the above-mentioned low-power consumption intelligent metasurface hardware structure, including: pre-adjusting the phase of each phase shift circuit and the amplification factor of each amplifying circuit to realize the precoding of beamforming coding; with the maximum power of the base station and the RIS as constraints, determine the adjustment results of the phases of all the phase shift circuits and the coefficients of the amplification circuits that maximize the energy efficiency of the system, as the corresponding precoding scheme; wherein, the system is a user terminal. , RIS and base station system.
根据本发明一个实施例的低功耗的智能超表面硬件结构的预编码方法,所述系统能效根据系统频谱效率和系统总功耗的比值确定。According to a precoding method for a low-power consumption smart metasurface hardware structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, the system energy efficiency is determined according to the ratio of the system spectral efficiency and the total system power consumption.
根据本发明一个实施例的低功耗的智能超表面硬件结构的预编码方法,所述确定使系统能效最大化的所有相移电路的相位和放大电路的系数的调节结果之前,还包括:根据所有用户终端处解调信号的信噪比,确定系统频谱效率。According to a precoding method for a low-power consumption smart metasurface hardware structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, before determining the adjustment results of the phases of all the phase shift circuits and the coefficients of the amplification circuits that maximize the energy efficiency of the system, the method further includes: according to The signal-to-noise ratio of the demodulated signals at all user terminals determines the spectral efficiency of the system.
根据本发明一个实施例的低功耗的智能超表面硬件结构的预编码方法,所述根据所有用户终端处解调信号的信噪比,确定系统频谱效率之前,还包括,根据下式确定每一用户终端处解调信号的信噪比:According to the precoding method of the low-power consumption intelligent metasurface hardware structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, before determining the system spectral efficiency according to the signal-to-noise ratio of the demodulated signals at all user terminals, the method further includes: determining each The signal-to-noise ratio of the demodulated signal at a user terminal:
其中,K为基站服务的用户数,j、k表示相应的单个用户;表示基站到用户k的等效信道;Ψ=diag(ΘΓa)表示有源RIS的波束赋形矩阵;表示对角相移矩阵,表示放大系数向量,N为RIS单元总数,L表示放大电路数量;表示放大电路和相移电路的连接关系;和分别表示基站和用户k、基站和有源RIS、以及有源RIS和用户k之间的信道,M为基站天线数;表示基站波束赋形向量;σ2分别为有源RIS引入的动态噪声和用户处的加性高斯白噪声的参数。Among them, K is the number of users served by the base station, and j and k represent the corresponding single users; Represents the equivalent channel from the base station to the user k; Ψ=diag(ΘΓa) represents the beamforming matrix of the active RIS; represents the diagonal phase shift matrix, Represents the amplification factor vector, N is the total number of RIS units, and L represents the number of amplification circuits; Indicates the connection relationship between the amplifier circuit and the phase shift circuit; and Respectively represent the channel between the base station and user k, the base station and the active RIS, and the active RIS and user k, and M is the number of base station antennas; represents the base station beamforming vector; σ 2 are the parameters of the dynamic noise introduced by the active RIS and the additive white Gaussian noise at the user, respectively.
根据本发明一个实施例的低功耗的智能超表面硬件结构的预编码方法,所述确定使系统能效最大化的所有相移电路和放大电路的调节结果之前,还包括根据如下公式确定系统总功耗:According to a precoding method for a low-power consumption smart metasurface hardware structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, before determining the adjustment results of all phase shift circuits and amplifier circuits that maximize the energy efficiency of the system, the method further includes determining the total system total according to the following formula Power consumption:
其中,ξ和ζ表示基站和有源RIS能量转换系数的倒数,WU和WBS表示用户终端和基站的静态功耗,WPS和WPA表示相移电路和放大电路的静态功耗;K为基站服务的用户数,k表示相应的单个用户,表示基站波束赋形向量;Ψ=diag(ΘΓa)表示有源RIS的波束赋形矩阵;表示对角相移矩阵,表示放大系数向量;表示放大电路和相移电路的连接关系;表示基站和有源RIS之间的信道;N为RIS单元总数,L表示放大电路数量;为有源RIS引入的动态噪声的参数。Among them, ξ and ζ represent the reciprocal of the energy conversion coefficient of the base station and the active RIS, W U and W BS represent the static power consumption of the user terminal and the base station, W PS and W PA represent the static power consumption of the phase shift circuit and the amplifier circuit; K the number of users served by the base station, k represents the corresponding single user, Represents the base station beamforming vector; Ψ=diag(ΘΓa) represents the beamforming matrix of the active RIS; represents the diagonal phase shift matrix, represents the magnification factor vector; Indicates the connection relationship between the amplifier circuit and the phase shift circuit; Represents the channel between the base station and the active RIS; N is the total number of RIS units, and L represents the number of amplifier circuits; Parameter of dynamic noise introduced for active RIS.
根据本发明一个实施例的低功耗的智能超表面硬件结构的预编码方法,所述确定使系统能效最大化的所有相移电路的相位和放大电路的系数的调节结果,作为对应的预编码方案,包括:According to an embodiment of the present invention, the precoding method for a low power consumption smart metasurface hardware structure is to determine the adjustment results of the phases of all the phase shift circuits and the coefficients of the amplification circuits that maximize the energy efficiency of the system, as the corresponding precoding programs, including:
S1.使用分式型优化丁克尔巴赫算法将系统能效优化问题转化为有理式规划问题;S1. Use the fractional optimization Dinkelbach algorithm to transform the system energy efficiency optimization problem into a rational programming problem;
S2.使用拉格朗日对偶方法引入辅助变量,将有理式规划问题转化为凸优化问题;S2. Use the Lagrangian dual method to introduce auxiliary variables to transform the rational programming problem into a convex optimization problem;
S3.保持其他变量不变,按顺序依次优化辅助变量、基站波束赋形、有源RIS放大控制与相移控制变量;S3. Keep other variables unchanged, optimize auxiliary variables, base station beamforming, active RIS amplification control and phase shift control variables in sequence;
S4.重复S3,直至目标函数收敛;S4. Repeat S3 until the objective function converges;
S5.重复S2-S4,直至目标函数收敛至0,此时得到的预编码方案为最大化系统能效的有源RIS预编码方案。S5. Repeat S2-S4 until the objective function converges to 0. At this time, the obtained precoding scheme is an active RIS precoding scheme that maximizes system energy efficiency.
本发明还提供一种低功耗的智能超表面硬件结构的预编码装置,包括:分配模块,用于基于预调节每一相移电路的相位以及每一放大电路的放大系数,以实现波束赋形的预编码;处理模块,用于以基站和RIS的最大功率为约束条件,确定使系统能效最大化的所有相移电路的相位和放大电路的系数的调节结果,作为对应的预编码方案;其中,所述系统为用户终端、RIS和基站构成的系统。The present invention also provides a low-power consumption intelligent metasurface hardware structure precoding device, comprising: a distribution module for pre-adjusting the phase of each phase shift circuit and the amplification factor of each amplifying circuit to realize beamforming shape precoding; the processing module is used to determine the adjustment results of the phases of all phase shift circuits and the coefficients of the amplification circuits that maximize the energy efficiency of the system with the maximum power of the base station and the RIS as the constraint, as the corresponding precoding scheme; Wherein, the system is a system composed of a user terminal, a RIS and a base station.
本发明还提供一种电子设备,包括存储器、处理器及存储在存储器上并可在处理器上运行的计算机程序,所述处理器执行所述程序时实现如上述任一种所述低功耗的智能超表面硬件结构的预编码方法的步骤。The present invention also provides an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and running on the processor, the processor implements the low power consumption as described above when the processor executes the program The steps of the precoding method of the smart metasurface hardware structure.
本发明还提供一种非暂态计算机可读存储介质,其上存储有计算机程序,该计算机程序被处理器执行时实现如上述任一种所述低功耗的智能超表面硬件结构的预编码方法的步骤。The present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, realizes the precoding of the hardware structure of the intelligent metasurface with low power consumption as described above. steps of the method.
本发明提供的低功耗的智能超表面硬件结构、预编码方法及装置,通过由多个RIS单元构成的子阵列共用一个放大电路,有效解决有源RIS由于引入大量有源放大电路而带来的高功耗问题。相比传统全连接结构,本发明的智能超表面硬件结构可以获得显著的能效提升,可作为有源RIS的一种高能效实现方式。The low power consumption intelligent metasurface hardware structure, precoding method and device provided by the present invention can effectively solve the problem of active RIS caused by introducing a large number of active amplifying circuits by sharing a sub-array composed of a plurality of RIS units. of high power consumption. Compared with the traditional fully-connected structure, the intelligent metasurface hardware structure of the present invention can obtain significant energy efficiency improvement, and can be used as a high-energy-efficiency implementation of active RIS.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to explain the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are the For some embodiments of the invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without any creative effort.
图1是现有技术的无源RIS与全连接有源RIS的结构示意图;1 is a schematic structural diagram of a passive RIS and a fully connected active RIS in the prior art;
图2是现有技术的RIS辅助的MIMO系统结构示意图;2 is a schematic structural diagram of a RIS-assisted MIMO system in the prior art;
图3是本发明提供的低功耗的智能超表面硬件结构示意图;3 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a low-power intelligent metasurface provided by the present invention;
图4是本发明提供的低功耗的智能超表面硬件结构及其预编码方法的能效性能示意图;4 is a schematic diagram of energy efficiency performance of a low-power smart metasurface hardware structure and a precoding method thereof provided by the present invention;
图5是本发明提供的低功耗的智能超表面硬件结构预编码装置的结构示意图;5 is a schematic structural diagram of an intelligent metasurface hardware structure precoding device with low power consumption provided by the present invention;
图6是本发明提供的电子设备的结构示意图。FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明中的附图,对本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention. , not all examples. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
下面结合图1-图6描述本发明的低功耗的智能超表面硬件结构、预编码方法及装置。图3是本发明提供的低功耗的智能超表面硬件结构示意图,如图3所示,本发明提供低功耗的智能超表面硬件结构,包括:多个子阵列、与每个子阵列一一对应的放大电路,以及与每个智能超表面RIS单元对应的相移电路;其中,每个子阵列包括多个RIS单元,每个子阵列的不同RIS单元共用一个放大电路,每个RIS单元分别使用不同相移电路。The low-power consumption smart metasurface hardware structure, precoding method and device of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1-6 . FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a low-power smart metasurface provided by the present invention. As shown in FIG. 3 , the present invention provides a low-power smart metasurface hardware structure, including: multiple sub-arrays, one-to-one correspondence with each sub-array The amplifier circuit and the phase shift circuit corresponding to each intelligent metasurface RIS unit; wherein, each sub-array includes multiple RIS units, different RIS units of each sub-array share an amplifier circuit, and each RIS unit uses a different phase shift circuit.
目前已有的全连接有源RIS结构如图2的b部分所示,它在原有如图2的a部分的无源RIS基础之上,每个单元包括了一个独立的相移电路外的独立的放大电路。然而当RIS单元数目很大时,全连接结构会因为使用了大量的有源放大电路而面临很高的功耗问题。The existing fully-connected active RIS structure is shown in part b of Figure 2. It is based on the original passive RIS in part a of Figure 2. Each unit includes an independent phase shift circuit. amplifying circuit. However, when the number of RIS units is large, the fully connected structure will face a high power consumption problem due to the use of a large number of active amplifier circuits.
为了解决有源RIS现有全连接结构的高功耗问题,本发明所提出的如图3所示的子连接结构中,多个RIS单元被划分为一个子阵列,子阵列中的每个单元采用了独立的相移电路,但共用一个放大电路,也即每个单元对信号独立的进行相位控制,但整个子阵列对信号的幅度控制采用相同的信号放大系数。In order to solve the problem of high power consumption of the existing fully connected structure of active RIS, in the sub-connection structure shown in FIG. 3 proposed by the present invention, a plurality of RIS units are divided into a sub-array, and each unit in the sub-array is divided into a sub-array. An independent phase shift circuit is used, but an amplifying circuit is shared, that is, each unit independently controls the phase of the signal, but the entire sub-array uses the same signal amplification factor for the amplitude control of the signal.
为方便对比,考虑每个子阵列包含T个RIS单元,也即一个放大电路同时服务T个RIS单元。此时,全连接结构变为了子连接结构在T=1时的一个特殊情况。在相同RIS单元数的情况下,子连接有源RIS的放大电路数量变为全连接结构下的1/T,使得有源RIS能耗大大降低。同时,子连接有源RIS在波束赋形过程中的自由度也因为T个RIS单元共用相同的放大系数而随之降低。然而,本发明表明,子连接有源RIS结构波束赋形自由度的降低影响较小,系统仍能因为使用子连接结构而获得能效的大幅提升。For the convenience of comparison, consider that each sub-array contains T RIS units, that is, one amplifier circuit serves T RIS units at the same time. At this time, the fully-connected structure becomes a special case of the sub-connected structure when T=1. In the case of the same number of RIS units, the number of amplifying circuits sub-connected to the active RIS becomes 1/T under the fully connected structure, which greatly reduces the energy consumption of the active RIS. At the same time, the degree of freedom of the sub-connected active RIS in the beamforming process is also reduced because the T RIS units share the same amplification factor. However, the present invention shows that the reduction in the beamforming degree of freedom of the sub-connected active RIS structure has little effect, and the system can still obtain a substantial increase in energy efficiency due to the use of the sub-connected structure.
本发明提供的低功耗的智能超表面硬件结构,通过由多个RIS单元构成的子阵列共用一个放大电路,有效解决有源RIS由于引入大量有源放大电路而带来的高功耗问题。相比传统全连接结构,本发明的智能超表面硬件结构可以获得显著的能效提升,可作为有源RIS的一种高能效实现方式。The low-power consumption intelligent metasurface hardware structure provided by the present invention effectively solves the problem of high power consumption caused by the introduction of a large number of active amplifying circuits in the active RIS by sharing one amplifying circuit in a sub-array formed by a plurality of RIS units. Compared with the traditional fully-connected structure, the intelligent metasurface hardware structure of the present invention can obtain significant energy efficiency improvement, and can be used as a high-energy-efficiency implementation of active RIS.
基于本发明提出的低功耗的智能超表面硬件结构,本发明还提出了对应的预编码方法,包括:基于预调节每一相移电路的相位以及每一放大电路的放大系数,以实现波束赋形的预编码;以基站和RIS的最大功率为约束条件,确定使系统能效最大化的所有相移电路的相位和放大电路的系数的调节结果,作为对应的预编码方案;其中,所述系统为用户终端、RIS和基站构成的系统。Based on the low-power consumption intelligent metasurface hardware structure proposed by the present invention, the present invention also proposes a corresponding precoding method, including: pre-adjusting the phase of each phase shift circuit and the amplification factor of each amplifying circuit to realize the beam beam Shaped precoding; with the maximum power of the base station and the RIS as constraints, determine the adjustment results of the phases of all phase shift circuits and the coefficients of the amplification circuits that maximize the energy efficiency of the system, as the corresponding precoding scheme; wherein, the The system is composed of user terminal, RIS and base station.
具体而言,以最大化系统能效为目标,通过调节每个子阵列放大电路的放大系数,和每一个相移电路的相位,实现系统能效最大。当然,此过程中,基站和有源RIS的功率不超过最大功率。Specifically, aiming at maximizing the energy efficiency of the system, by adjusting the amplification factor of each sub-array amplifier circuit and the phase of each phase shift circuit, the maximum energy efficiency of the system is achieved. Of course, during this process, the power of the base station and the active RIS does not exceed the maximum power.
本发明所提的低功耗的智能超表面硬件结构的预编码方法,能够有效节省因大量放大电路消耗的系统能量,有效提升系统能效。The low-power consumption intelligent metasurface hardware structure precoding method of the present invention can effectively save the system energy consumed by a large number of amplifying circuits and effectively improve the system energy efficiency.
在上述方法实施例中,所述系统能效根据系统频谱效率和系统总功耗的比值确定。In the above method embodiment, the system energy efficiency is determined according to a ratio between the system spectral efficiency and the total system power consumption.
具体地,系统能效可以表示为:Specifically, the system energy efficiency can be expressed as:
其中,R为系统频谱效率,P为系统总功耗。在预编码方案中,本发明的优化目标为最大化系统能效。Among them, R is the spectral efficiency of the system, and P is the total power consumption of the system. In the precoding scheme, the optimization goal of the present invention is to maximize system energy efficiency.
在上述方法实施例中,所述确定使系统能效最大化的所有相移电路的相位和放大电路的系数的调节结果之前,还包括:根据所有用户终端处解调信号的信噪比,确定系统频谱效率。In the above method embodiment, before determining the adjustment results of the phases of all the phase shift circuits and the coefficients of the amplification circuits that maximize the energy efficiency of the system, the method further includes: determining the system according to the signal-to-noise ratio of the demodulated signals at all the user terminals. Spectral efficiency.
具体地,系统频谱效率可确定如下:Specifically, the system spectral efficiency can be determined as follows:
其中,K为基站服务的用户数;SINRk为用户k处解调信号的SINR。Among them, K is the number of users served by the base station; SINR k is the SINR of the demodulated signal at user k.
在上述方法实施例中,所述根据所有用户终端处解调信号的信噪比,确定系统频谱效率之前,还包括,根据下式确定每一用户终端处解调信号的信噪比:In the above method embodiment, before determining the system spectral efficiency according to the signal-to-noise ratios of the demodulated signals at all user terminals, the method further includes determining the signal-to-noise ratio of the demodulated signals at each user terminal according to the following formula:
其中,K为基站服务的用户数,j、k表示相应的单个用户;表示基站到用户k的等效信道;Ψ=diag(ψ)=diag(ΘΓa)表示有源RIS的波束赋形矩阵;,N为RIS单元总数,L表示放大电路数量;和分别表示基站和用户k、基站和有源RIS、以及有源RIS和用户k之间的信道,M为基站天线数;表示基站波束赋形向量。Among them, K is the number of users served by the base station, and j and k represent the corresponding single users; Represents the equivalent channel from base station to user k; Ψ=diag(ψ)=diag(ΘΓa) represents the beamforming matrix of active RIS; N is the total number of RIS units, and L represents the number of amplifying circuits; and Respectively represent the channel between the base station and user k, the base station and the active RIS, and the active RIS and user k, and M is the number of base station antennas; represents the base station beamforming vector.
具体而言,考虑N单元有源RIS辅助的MIMO系统,其中一个M天线基站同时服务K个单天线用户。对于全连接和子连接两种结构,用L=N/T表示需要的放大电路数量,则有源RIS的波束赋形矩阵可表示为:Specifically, an N-unit active RIS-assisted MIMO system is considered, in which one M-antenna base station simultaneously serves K single-antenna users. For the two structures of full connection and sub-connection, L=N/T is used to denote the required number of amplifier circuits, then the beamforming matrix of the active RIS can be expressed as:
Ψ=diag(ψ)=diag(ΘΓa),Ψ=diag(ψ)=diag(ΘΓa),
其中,表示与传统无源RIS相同的对角相移矩阵,表示放大系数向量。定义为一个示性矩阵,它用来表示放大电路和相移电路的连接关系。不失一般性,令其中表示克罗内克乘积,表示全1向量。in, represents the same diagonal phase shift matrix as conventional passive RIS, represents the magnification factor vector. Defined as an illustrative matrix, it is used to represent the connection relationship between the amplifier circuit and the phase shift circuit. Without loss of generality, let in represents the Kronecker product, Represents an all-ones vector.
则用户k收到的信号yk可以被表示为:Then the signal y k received by user k can be expressed as:
其中,sk表示传输给用户k的归一化符号,表示相应的基站波束赋形向量,和分别表示有源RIS引入的动态噪声和用户k处的加性高斯白噪声。where sk represents the normalized symbol transmitted to user k, represents the corresponding base station beamforming vector, and denote the dynamic noise introduced by the active RIS and the additive white Gaussian noise at user k, respectively.
在上述方法实施例中,所述确定使系统能效最大化的所有相移电路和放大电路的调节结果之前,还包括根据如下公式确定系统总功耗:In the above method embodiment, before the determining the adjustment results of all the phase shift circuits and amplifier circuits that maximize the energy efficiency of the system, the method further includes determining the total power consumption of the system according to the following formula:
其中,ξ和ζ表示基站和有源RIS能量转换系数的倒数,WU和WBS表示用户终端和基站的静态功耗,WPS和WPA表示相移电路和放大电路的静态功耗。Among them, ξ and ζ represent the reciprocal of the energy conversion coefficient of the base station and the active RIS, W U and W BS represent the static power consumption of the user terminal and the base station, and W PS and W PA represent the static power consumption of the phase shift circuit and the amplifier circuit.
对于系统的功耗,它由基站和有源RIS的发射功率,以及系统各个组件的静态功率共同组成,系统总功耗可以表示为上式。For the power consumption of the system, it is composed of the transmit power of the base station and the active RIS, and the static power of each component of the system. The total power consumption of the system can be expressed as the above formula.
综合上述信号模型,记以及Θ=diag(θ),则系统能效最大化问题可以表示为:Combining the above signal models, we can write and Θ=diag(θ), the system energy efficiency maximization problem can be expressed as:
s.t.C1: stC 1 :
C2: C 2 :
C3: C3 :
C4: C 4 :
其中,约束C1和C2分别限制了基站和有源RIS的最大功率,约束C3和C4分别限制了相移控制Θ和放大控制a的可行集。Among them, constraints C1 and C2 limit the maximum power of the base station and active RIS, respectively, and constraints C3 and C4 limit the feasible sets of phase-shift control Θ and amplification control a, respectively.
对上述优化问题进行求解,便可得到所有相移电路的相位和放大电路的系数的调节结果,即对应的预编码方案。By solving the above optimization problem, the adjustment results of the phases of all the phase shift circuits and the coefficients of the amplifier circuits can be obtained, that is, the corresponding precoding scheme.
在一个方法实施例中,所述确定使系统能效最大化的所有相移电路的相位和放大电路的系数的调节结果,作为对应的预编码方案,包括:S1.使用分式型优化丁克尔巴赫算法将系统能效优化问题转化为有理式规划问题;S2.使用拉格朗日对偶方法引入辅助变量,将有理式规划问题转化为凸优化问题;S3.保持其他变量不变,按顺序依次优化辅助变量、基站波束赋形、有源RIS放大控制与相移控制变量;S4.重复S3,直至目标函数收敛;S5.重复S2-S4,直至目标函数收敛至0,此时得到的预编码方案为最大化系统能效的有源RIS预编码方案。具体说明如下:In a method embodiment, the determining the adjustment results of the phases of all the phase shift circuits and the coefficients of the amplification circuits that maximize the energy efficiency of the system, as the corresponding precoding scheme, includes: S1. Using the fractional type to optimize Dinkelbach The algorithm transforms the system energy efficiency optimization problem into a rational programming problem; S2. Uses the Lagrangian dual method to introduce auxiliary variables, and converts the rational programming problem into a convex optimization problem; S3. Keep other variables unchanged, optimize the auxiliary in sequence Variables, base station beamforming, active RIS amplification control and phase shift control variables; S4. Repeat S3 until the objective function converges; S5. Repeat S2-S4 until the objective function converges to 0, the precoding scheme obtained at this time is Active RIS precoding scheme to maximize system energy efficiency. The specific instructions are as follows:
为了便于处理上述的分式型目标函数,本发明实施例首先采用分式规划中的丁克尔巴赫算法将其转换为有理式形式。具体而言,最优能效ηopt满足:In order to facilitate the processing of the above-mentioned fractional objective function, the embodiment of the present invention first uses the Dinkelbach algorithm in the fractional programming to convert it into a rational form. Specifically, the optimal energy efficiency η opt satisfies:
说明最优能效ηopt可以通过迭代求解下面的问题而获得:It shows that the optimal energy efficiency η opt can be obtained by iteratively solving the following problem:
s.t.C1,C2,C3,C4.stC 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 .
由于此问题仍然具有非凸性,本发明引入辅助变量和将问题等价改写为:Since this problem is still non-convex, the present invention introduces auxiliary variables and Equivalently rewrite the problem as:
s.t.C1,C2,C3,C4.stC 1 , C 2 , C 3 , C 4 .
其中:in:
此时,问题中所有变量的最优解都可以通过迭代优化获得。本发明所提出的预编码方案中,各个变量的优化是在其他变量固定时取到的最优解,具体的闭式表达式如下。At this point, the optimal solutions for all variables in the problem can be obtained by iterative optimization. In the precoding scheme proposed by the present invention, the optimization of each variable is the optimal solution obtained when other variables are fixed, and the specific closed-form expression is as follows.
(1)最优辅助变量:对于所有k∈{1,…,K},令和为0得到最优解:(1) Optimal auxiliary variable: For all k∈{1,…,K}, let and 0 to get the optimal solution:
其中 in
(2)最优基站波束赋形:定义:(2) Optimal base station beamforming: Definition:
分别为基站和有源RIS的发射功率。对于最优基站波束赋形,问题可以写为:are the transmit power of the base station and the active RIS, respectively. For optimal base station beamforming, the problem can be written as:
s.t.C1: stC 1 :
C2: C 2 :
其中:in:
这是一个标准的QCQP(quadratic constraint quadratic programming,二次型规划)问题,因此可以被现有的ADMM(alternating direction method of multipliers)等方法解决。This is a standard QCQP (quadratic constraint quadratic programming) problem, so it can be solved by existing methods such as ADMM (alternating direction method of multipliers).
(3)最优有源RIS波束赋形:定义以及βj=Gwj,则可以被改写为:(3) Optimal Active RIS Beamforming: Definition and β j =Gw j , then can be rewritten as:
由此可以将有源RIS波束赋形问题写为:From this, the active RIS beamforming problem can be written as:
s.t.C2: stC 2 :
C3,C4,C 3 , C 4 ,
其中:in:
同样地,这是一个标准的QCQP问题,因此可以被现有的方法解决。Again, this is a standard QCQP problem and thus can be solved by existing methods.
最后考虑到约束C3和C4,最优相移控制Θopt和最优放大系数aopt分别为:Finally, considering the constraints C 3 and C 4 , the optimal phase shift control Θ opt and the optimal amplification factor a opt are respectively:
Θopt=diag(exp(jarg(ψopt))),Θ opt =diag(exp(jarg(ψ opt ))),
aopt=Γ-1diag(exp(-jarg(ψopt)))ψopt,a opt =Γ -1 diag(exp(-jarg(ψ opt )))ψ opt ,
其中Γ-1表示矩阵Γ的伪逆。where Γ -1 represents the pseudo-inverse of the matrix Γ.
通过以上预编码方法,本发明提供的子连接有源RIS结构能够有效解决有源RIS由于引入大量有源放大电路而带来的高功耗问题,相比传统全连接结构,子连接结构可以获得22%的能效提升,如图4所示,验证了本发明提供的子连接结构可作为有源RIS的一种高能效实现方式。Through the above precoding method, the sub-connected active RIS structure provided by the present invention can effectively solve the problem of high power consumption caused by the introduction of a large number of active amplifying circuits in the active RIS. Compared with the traditional fully-connected structure, the sub-connected structure can obtain The 22% energy efficiency improvement, as shown in FIG. 4 , verifies that the sub-connection structure provided by the present invention can be used as a high-energy-efficiency implementation of the active RIS.
下面对本发明提供的低功耗的智能超表面硬件结构的预编码装置进行描述,下文描述的低功耗的智能超表面硬件结构的预编码装置与上文描述的低功耗的智能超表面硬件结构的预编码方法可相互对应参照。The precoding device of the low-power consumption intelligent metasurface hardware structure provided by the present invention is described below, the precoding device of the low-power consumption intelligent metasurface hardware structure described below and the low-power consumption intelligent metasurface hardware described above are described below. The precoding methods of the structures can refer to each other correspondingly.
图5是本发明提供的低功耗的智能超表面硬件结构预编码装置的结构示意图,如图5所示,该低功耗的智能超表面硬件结构的预编码装置包括:分配模块501和处理模块502。其中,分配模块501用于基于预调节每一相移电路的相位以及每一放大电路的放大系数,以实现波束赋形的预编码;处理模块502用于以基站和RIS的最大功率为约束条件,确定使系统能效最大化的所有相移电路的相位和放大电路的系数的调节结果,作为对应的预编码方案;其中,所述系统为用户终端、RIS和基站构成的系统。FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a low-power consumption intelligent metasurface hardware structure precoding device provided by the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5 , the low power consumption intelligent metasurface hardware structure precoding device includes: an
本发明实施例提供的装置实施例是为了实现上述各方法实施例的,具体流程和详细内容请参照上述方法实施例,此处不再赘述。The apparatus embodiments provided in the embodiments of the present invention are for implementing the foregoing method embodiments. For specific processes and details, please refer to the foregoing method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.
图6是本发明提供的电子设备的结构示意图,如图6所示,该电子设备可以包括:处理器(processor)601、通信接口(Communications Interface)602、存储器(memory)603和通信总线604,其中,处理器601,通信接口602,存储器603通过通信总线604完成相互间的通信。处理器601可以调用存储器603中的逻辑指令,以执行低功耗的智能超表面硬件结构,该方法包括:基于预调节每一相移电路的相位以及每一放大电路的放大系数,以实现波束赋形的预编码;以基站和RIS的最大功率为约束条件,确定使系统能效最大化的所有相移电路的相位和放大电路的系数的调节结果,作为对应的预编码方案;其中,所述系统为用户终端、RIS和基站构成的系统。FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device provided by the present invention. As shown in FIG. 6 , the electronic device may include: a processor (processor) 601, a communication interface (Communications Interface) 602, a memory (memory) 603 and a
此外,上述的存储器603中的逻辑指令可以通过软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时,可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解,本发明的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来,该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中,包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机,服务器,或者网络设备等)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括:U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(ROM,Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM,Random Access Memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。In addition, the above-mentioned logic instructions in the
另一方面,本发明还提供一种计算机程序产品,所述计算机程序产品包括存储在非暂态计算机可读存储介质上的计算机程序,所述计算机程序包括程序指令,当所述程序指令被计算机执行时,计算机能够执行上述各方法所提供的低功耗的智能超表面硬件结构,该方法包括:基于预调节每一相移电路的相位以及每一放大电路的放大系数,以实现波束赋形的预编码;以基站和RIS的最大功率为约束条件,确定使系统能效最大化的所有相移电路的相位和放大电路的系数的调节结果,作为对应的预编码方案;其中,所述系统为用户终端、RIS和基站构成的系统。In another aspect, the present invention also provides a computer program product, the computer program product comprising a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, the computer program comprising program instructions, when the program instructions are executed by a computer During execution, the computer can execute the intelligent metasurface hardware structure with low power consumption provided by the above methods, and the method includes: based on pre-adjusting the phase of each phase shift circuit and the amplification factor of each amplifying circuit to realize beamforming with the maximum power of the base station and RIS as constraints, determine the adjustment results of the phases of all the phase shift circuits and the coefficients of the amplification circuits that maximize the energy efficiency of the system, as the corresponding precoding scheme; wherein, the system is A system composed of user terminal, RIS and base station.
又一方面,本发明还提供一种非暂态计算机可读存储介质,其上存储有计算机程序,该计算机程序被处理器执行时实现以执行上述各实施例提供的低功耗的智能超表面硬件结构,该方法包括:基于预调节每一相移电路的相位以及每一放大电路的放大系数,以实现波束赋形的预编码;以基站和RIS的最大功率为约束条件,确定使系统能效最大化的所有相移电路的相位和放大电路的系数的调节结果,作为对应的预编码方案;其中,所述系统为用户终端、RIS和基站构成的系统。In another aspect, the present invention also provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, the computer program being implemented by a processor to execute the low-power consumption smart metasurface provided by the above embodiments Hardware structure, the method includes: pre-adjusting the phase of each phase shift circuit and the amplification factor of each amplifying circuit to realize precoding of beam forming; The maximum adjustment results of the phases of all the phase shift circuits and the coefficients of the amplification circuits are used as the corresponding precoding scheme; wherein, the system is a system composed of a user terminal, an RIS and a base station.
以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的,其中所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的,作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元,即可以位于一个地方,或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部模块来实现本实施例方案的目的。本领域普通技术人员在不付出创造性的劳动的情况下,即可以理解并实施。The device embodiments described above are only illustrative, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in One place, or it can be distributed over multiple network elements. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution in this embodiment. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without creative effort.
通过以上的实施方式的描述,本领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到各实施方式可借助软件加必需的通用硬件平台的方式来实现,当然也可以通过硬件。基于这样的理解,上述技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来,该计算机软件产品可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中,如ROM/RAM、磁碟、光盘等,包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机,服务器,或者网络设备等)执行各个实施例或者实施例的某些部分所述的方法。From the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above-mentioned technical solutions can be embodied in the form of software products in essence or the parts that make contributions to the prior art, and the computer software products can be stored in computer-readable storage media, such as ROM/RAM, magnetic A disc, an optical disc, etc., includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform the methods described in various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
最后应说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that it can still be Modifications are made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or some technical features thereof are equivalently replaced; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
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