CN114040392A - Uniform quantization method based on median non-uniform normalization and applicable to uncoordinated wireless channel key generation system - Google Patents
Uniform quantization method based on median non-uniform normalization and applicable to uncoordinated wireless channel key generation system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可应用于非协调无线信道密钥生成系统的基于中位数非均匀归一化的均匀量化方法,首先,通信双方通过互发导频信号,信道测量得到无线信道特征信息;其次,以中位数为界将无线信道特征信息分为两个区间,对两个区间的数据集进行不同尺度的非均匀归一化;然后,将非均匀归一化后的数据集整合后整体进行均匀量化;最后,将量化之后的比特序列与相应的格雷码进行比特映射,再通过随机矩阵进行交织,得到最终的密钥比特流。通过本发明方法,可以使得通信双方的不对称私有密钥的随机性提高以及不一致率降低,从而降低非协调无线信道密钥生成技术中信道纠错解码的误比特率,最终实现更佳性能的共享无线信道特征的安全信息传输。
The invention discloses a uniform quantization method based on the non-uniform normalization of median, which can be applied to an uncoordinated wireless channel key generation system. First, the two communicating parties transmit pilot signals to each other, and channel measurement to obtain wireless channel characteristic information. ; Second, divide the wireless channel feature information into two intervals with the median as the boundary, and perform non-uniform normalization of different scales on the data sets in the two intervals; then, integrate the non-uniformly normalized data sets. Then the whole is uniformly quantized; finally, the quantized bit sequence is bit-mapped with the corresponding Gray code, and then interleaved through a random matrix to obtain the final key bit stream. Through the method of the present invention, the randomness of the asymmetric private keys of the two communication parties can be improved and the inconsistency rate can be reduced, thereby reducing the bit error rate of channel error correction decoding in the uncoordinated wireless channel key generation technology, and finally achieving better performance. Secure message transmission for shared wireless channel characteristics.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及信息安全技术领域,尤其涉及一种可应用于非协调无线信道密钥生成系统的基于中位数非均匀归一化的均匀量化方法。The invention relates to the technical field of information security, in particular to a uniform quantization method based on non-uniform normalization of medians, which can be applied to an uncoordinated wireless channel key generation system.
背景技术Background technique
基于无线信道特征物理层安全技术主要是利用无线信道物理层特征量化为密钥比特流,随后通信双方通过信息调和、隐私放大从而生成一致的共享密钥提供给上层加密系统,从而保证通信系统的安全性。The physical layer security technology based on the characteristics of the wireless channel mainly uses the physical layer characteristics of the wireless channel to quantify the key bit stream, and then the two communicating parties generate a consistent shared key through information reconciliation and privacy amplification and provide it to the upper encryption system, thereby ensuring the communication system. safety.
通过使用信道纠错编码技术可以避免在信息调和过程中泄露通信双方的秘密无线信道特征信息,以及降低由于隐私放大带来的获取密钥的较高复杂度。By using the channel error correction coding technology, it is possible to avoid leaking the secret wireless channel feature information of both parties during the information reconciliation process, and reduce the high complexity of key acquisition due to privacy amplification.
在已有的基于信道纠错编码的无线密钥生成系统的研究中,量化方法多为使用均匀量化或者排序量化,导致通信双方初始密钥的密钥不一致率较高,信道纠错解码误比特率较高。因此,需要一种随机性较高,密钥不一致率较低的新的量化方法。In the existing research on the wireless key generation system based on channel error correction coding, most of the quantization methods use uniform quantization or sequence quantization, which leads to a high key inconsistency rate of the initial keys of both parties, and channel error correction decoding errors. higher rate. Therefore, a new quantization method with higher randomness and lower key inconsistency rate is required.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
发明目的:针对基于信道纠错编码的无线密钥生成系统中无线信道特征使用已有量化方法得到的初始密钥的密钥不一致率较高的情况,本发明提出了一种可应用于非协调无线信道密钥生成系统的基于中位数非均匀归一化的均匀量化方法。该方法通过无线信道特征的幅度中位数将数据集分为两个区间,分别进行不同尺度的非均匀归一化,随后,合并数据集后整体进行均匀量化,最后通过对应阶数的格雷码映射为密钥比特流,交织后得到随机性较高,密钥一致率较低的初始密钥,提高后续的信道纠错编译码性能。Purpose of the invention: Aiming at the high key inconsistency rate of the initial key obtained by using the existing quantization method for wireless channel characteristics in the wireless key generation system based on channel error correction coding, the present invention proposes a method that can be applied to non-coordination. Uniform quantization method based on median non-uniform normalization for wireless channel key generation system. The method divides the data set into two intervals by the median amplitude of the wireless channel characteristics, and performs non-uniform normalization of different scales respectively. Then, after merging the data sets, the whole data set is uniformly quantized, and finally the gray code of the corresponding order is used. It is mapped into a key bit stream, and after interleaving, an initial key with high randomness and low key agreement rate is obtained, which improves the subsequent channel error correction coding and decoding performance.
技术方案:本发明一种可应用于非协调无线信道密钥生成系统的基于中位数非均匀归一化的均匀量化方法包含以下步骤:Technical solution: A uniform quantization method based on median non-uniform normalization that can be applied to an uncoordinated wireless channel key generation system of the present invention includes the following steps:
(1)通信双方(A方和B方)采用时分双工模式互相发射导频序列,测量通信双方各自到对方信道的信道特征,得到各自相应的无线信道特征信息;(1) Both parties of the communication (party A and party B) use the time division duplex mode to transmit pilot sequences to each other, measure the channel characteristics of the channels of the communication parties to the other party, and obtain their corresponding wireless channel characteristic information;
(2)将无线信道特征信息数据集根据中位数分为两个区间,分别进行不同尺度的非均匀归一化,再合并得到和初始规模相同的无线信道特征信息数据集;(2) Divide the wireless channel characteristic information data set into two intervals according to the median, respectively perform non-uniform normalization of different scales, and then combine to obtain the wireless channel characteristic information data set with the same scale as the initial scale;
(3)对非均匀归一化得到的无线信道特征信息数据集进行均匀量化;(3) uniformly quantizing the wireless channel characteristic information data set obtained by non-uniform normalization;
(4)对均匀量化得到的无线信道特征信息数据集经格雷映射得到初始密钥比特流;(4) The initial key bit stream is obtained by Gray mapping of the uniformly quantized wireless channel feature information data set;
(5)对初始密钥比特流使用随机矩阵进行交织得到双方的不对称私有密钥;(5) Use random matrix to interleave the initial key bit stream to obtain the asymmetric private keys of both parties;
(6)通信的A方将需要传输的信息通过预处理后进行信道纠错编码,生成信道纠错编码后的比特序列;(6) Party A of the communication performs channel error correction coding after preprocessing the information to be transmitted to generate a bit sequence after channel error correction coding;
(7)通信的A方将步骤(6)中生成的信道纠错编码的比特序列和步骤(5)中得到的私有密钥进行编码操作得到加密后的数据流,随后通过公共信道发送给通信的B方;(7) Party A of the communication encodes the bit sequence of the channel error correction code generated in step (6) and the private key obtained in step (5) to obtain an encrypted data stream, and then sends it to the communication through the public channel Party B;
(8)通信的B方使用步骤(5)得到的私有密钥对接收到的数据流进行解码操作得到初始解密比特序列,随后对初始解密比特序列进行信道纠错解码得到解码比特序列;(8) Party B of the communication uses the private key obtained in step (5) to decode the received data stream to obtain an initial decryption bit sequence, and then performs channel error correction decoding on the initial decryption bit sequence to obtain a decoded bit sequence;
(9)通信的B方将步骤(8)得到的解码比特序列经过步骤(5)相逆的预处理过程得到解密信息。(9) Party B of the communication obtains decryption information by subjecting the decoded bit sequence obtained in step (8) to the inverse preprocessing process of step (5).
进一步的,步骤(1)中的导频序列应是单载波传输系统中的时域符号序列,或者是多载波传输系统中的频域子载波导频序列,信道特征应是测量得到的信道时域冲激响应特征,或者是测量得到的信道频域幅度响应特征。Further, the pilot sequence in step (1) should be a time-domain symbol sequence in a single-carrier transmission system, or a frequency-domain subcarrier pilot sequence in a multi-carrier transmission system, and the channel characteristics should be the measured channel time. Domain impulse response characteristics, or the measured channel frequency domain amplitude response characteristics.
进一步的,步骤(2)具体包括:Further, step (2) specifically includes:
(2-1)使用中位数对信道状态信息数据集CSI分成区间A:[0,Median(CSI))和区间B:[Median(CSI),Max(CSI)];(2-1) Use the median to divide the channel state information data set CSI into interval A: [0, Median(CSI)) and interval B: [Median(CSI), Max(CSI)];
其中Median(CSI),Max(CSI)分别为数据集CSI的中位数和最大值。where Median(CSI) and Max(CSI) are the median and maximum value of CSI in the dataset, respectively.
(2-2)对区间A和区间B分别取各自区间的最大值和最小值进行均匀归一化,区间A的数据归一化至[0,2L-1)区间,区间B的数据归一化至[2L-1,2L)区间,然后将这两个区间的数据合并,作为原始数据集的非均匀归一化数据集Normal,其中归一化到[left,right]范围的归一化公式如下:(2-2) Take the maximum value and minimum value of each interval for interval A and interval B and perform uniform normalization. The data in interval A is normalized to the interval [0,2 L-1 ), and the data in interval B is normalized to the interval [0,2 L-1 ]. Normalize to the [2 L-1 , 2 L ) interval, and then combine the data of these two intervals as the non-uniform normalized data set Normal of the original data set, which is normalized to the range of [left, right] The normalization formula is as follows:
Normal(i)=Round(left+k*(CSI(i)-Min(CSI)))Normal(i)=Round(left+k*(CSI(i)-Min(CSI)))
其中,Round(.)为四舍五入,Max(.)和Min(.)分别为取最大值和最小值,L为大于1的整数。in, Round(.) is rounding, Max(.) and Min(.) are the maximum and minimum values, respectively, and L is an integer greater than 1.
进一步的,步骤(3)具体包括:Further, step (3) specifically includes:
对非均匀归一化数据集Normal进行如下的均匀量化得到均匀量化数据集Quantify:Perform the following uniform quantization on the non-uniform normalized data set Normal to obtain the uniform quantized data set Quantify:
其中,L为大于1的整数,R为量化阶数。Among them, L is an integer greater than 1, and R is the quantization order.
进一步的,步骤(4)具体包括:Further, step (4) specifically includes:
将均匀量化数据集Quantify由十进制转化为二进制,然后再将二进制码转化为对应R位格雷码,拼接之后得到初始密钥比特流。The uniform quantization data set Quantify is converted from decimal to binary, and then the binary code is converted into the corresponding R-bit Gray code, and the initial key bit stream is obtained after splicing.
进一步的,步骤(5)具体包括:Further, step (5) specifically includes:
通过通信双方共享的随机交织矩阵,将成串的突发错误打乱变成间断的随机错误,有利于提高后续的信道纠错编码性能。Through the random interleaving matrix shared by the two communication parties, the burst errors in a string are scrambled into intermittent random errors, which is beneficial to improve the subsequent channel error correction coding performance.
进一步的,步骤(6)具体包括:Further, step (6) specifically includes:
通信A方使用通信双方共有的信息加密处理方法对发送信息进行加密,随后进行信道纠错编码,生成信道纠错编码后的比特序列。The communication party A encrypts the transmitted information using the information encryption processing method shared by both parties, and then performs channel error correction coding to generate a bit sequence after channel error correction coding.
进一步的,步骤(7)具体包括:Further, step (7) specifically includes:
将步骤(5)中通信A方得到的私有密钥和步骤(6)中通信A方生成的信道纠错编码后的比特序列进行逐个比特的异或操作。A bit-by-bit XOR operation is performed on the private key obtained by the communication party A in step (5) and the bit sequence after channel error correction coding generated by the communication party A in step (6).
进一步的,步骤(8)具体包括:Further, step (8) specifically includes:
将步骤(5)中通信B方得到的私有密钥和步骤(7)中通信A方通过公共信道传输来的比特序列和进行逐个比特的异或操作。A bit-by-bit XOR operation is performed between the private key obtained by the communication party B in step (5) and the bit sequence transmitted by the communication party A through the public channel in step (7).
进一步的,步骤(9)具体包括:Further, step (9) specifically includes:
通信B方使用通信双方共有的信息解密处理方法对接收信息进行解密,得到最终的解密信息。The communication party B uses the information decryption processing method shared by both communication parties to decrypt the received information to obtain the final decrypted information.
有益效果:Beneficial effects:
本发明与现有技术相比,其显著优点是:本发明通过根据中位数进行区间划分,然后分别进行各区间的非均匀归一化,从而使得区间特征更细化且平均。随后通过均匀量化得到初始密钥比特流,然后通过格雷映射提高随机性,交织减少成串的比特错误。在测试过程中,面对不同环境的信道条件,都有较低的密钥不一致率,可以有效地降低信道编译码的误比特率,具有较好的实用性。Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the significant advantage that: the present invention divides the interval according to the median, and then performs non-uniform normalization of each interval, so that interval features are more refined and averaged. Then, the initial key bit stream is obtained by uniform quantization, and then the randomness is improved by Gray mapping, and the interleaving reduces the string of bit errors. In the test process, in the face of channel conditions in different environments, there is a low key inconsistency rate, which can effectively reduce the bit error rate of channel coding and decoding, and has good practicability.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明系统流程图;Fig. 1 is the system flow chart of the present invention;
图2为本发明基于无线信道得到的频域子载波幅度信道特征图;Fig. 2 is the characteristic diagram of the frequency domain subcarrier amplitude channel obtained based on the wireless channel of the present invention;
图3为本发明基于无线信道特征得到的信道非均匀归一化结果图;Fig. 3 is the channel non-uniform normalization result diagram that the present invention obtains based on wireless channel characteristic;
图4为本发明基于无线信道非均匀归一化结果得到的信道均匀量化结果图;Fig. 4 is the channel uniform quantization result graph obtained based on the wireless channel non-uniform normalization result of the present invention;
图5为本发明基于无线信道均匀量化结果进行格雷映射得到的密钥比特图;5 is a key bitmap obtained by performing Gray mapping based on the uniform quantization result of the wireless channel according to the present invention;
图6为本发明在多种量化方法下密钥不一致率的对比图;6 is a comparison diagram of the key inconsistency rate under multiple quantization methods of the present invention;
图7为本发明基于Polar信道编译码的各量化阶数下的误比特率。FIG. 7 is the bit error rate under each quantization order based on Polar channel coding and decoding according to the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1所示,本实施例提供了一种可应用于非协调无线信道密钥生成系统的基于中位数非均匀归一化的均匀量化方法,具体包含以下步骤:As shown in FIG. 1, this embodiment provides a uniform quantization method based on median non-uniform normalization that can be applied to an uncoordinated wireless channel key generation system, which specifically includes the following steps:
S1、在较好的室内或者室外环境下,通信双方(Alice和Bob)采用时分双工模式互相发射导频序列,测量通信双方各自到对方信道的信道特征,得到各自相应的无线信道特征信息;S1. In a better indoor or outdoor environment, the two communicating parties (Alice and Bob) transmit pilot sequences to each other in a time-division duplex mode, measure the channel characteristics of the communication parties to each other's channels, and obtain their corresponding wireless channel feature information;
基于USRP N210软件无线电平台,Alice和Bob通过互相发送导频P测量信道特征。在本实施例中,考虑Alice和Bob基于无线信道在频域的幅度特征。Based on the USRP N210 software radio platform, Alice and Bob measure channel characteristics by sending pilot frequencies P to each other. In this embodiment, the amplitude characteristics of Alice and Bob in the frequency domain based on the wireless channel are considered.
USRP设备在25MHz的采样率下工作,采集基带频率在2475MHz,带宽为20MHz的导频信号,并且发射增益和接收增益范围为[0,30]dB。The USRP device works at a sampling rate of 25MHz, collects a pilot signal with a baseband frequency of 2475MHz and a bandwidth of 20MHz, and the transmit gain and receive gain range from [0,30]dB.
通过信道探测,Alice和Bob分别获得各自的信道特征H,其获得的无线信道频域特征如图2所示。从图2中可以看出,由于信道在探测的时隙内发生变化、环境中的干扰以及硬件指纹等各种因素,其获得的无线信道频域特征会有一定的差异。Through channel detection, Alice and Bob obtain their respective channel features H, and the obtained wireless channel frequency domain features are shown in Figure 2 . As can be seen from Figure 2, due to various factors such as channel changes in the detected time slot, interference in the environment, and hardware fingerprints, the obtained wireless channel frequency domain characteristics will have certain differences.
S2、Alice和Bob分别将测量得到的信道特征数据集通过幅值中位数分为两个区间:A:[0,Median(CSI))和区间B:[Median(CSI),Max(CSI)];S2, Alice and Bob respectively divide the measured channel feature data set into two intervals by the median of amplitude: A:[0,Median(CSI)) and interval B:[Median(CSI),Max(CSI) ];
其中Median(CSI),Max(CSI)分别为数据集CSI的中位数和最大值。where Median(CSI) and Max(CSI) are the median and maximum value of CSI in the dataset, respectively.
对区间A和区间B分别取各自区间的最大值和最小值进行均匀归一化,区间A的数据归一化至[0,2L-1)区间,区间B的数据归一化至[2L-1,2L)区间,然后将这两个区间的数据合并,作为原始数据集的非均匀归一化数据集Normal,其中归一化到[left,right]范围的归一化公式如下:Take the maximum value and minimum value of each interval for interval A and interval B and perform uniform normalization. The data in interval A is normalized to the [0,2 L-1 ) interval, and the data in interval B is normalized to [2 L-1 , 2 L ) interval, and then combine the data of these two intervals as the non-uniform normalized data set Normal of the original data set, where the normalization formula normalized to the [left, right] range is as follows :
Normal(i)=Round(left+k*(CSI(i)-Min(CSI)))Normal(i)=Round(left+k*(CSI(i)-Min(CSI)))
其中,Round(.)为四舍五入,Max(.)和Min(.)分别为取最大值和最小值,L为大于1的整数。in, Round(.) is rounding, Max(.) and Min(.) are the maximum and minimum values, respectively, and L is an integer greater than 1.
其获得信道非均匀归一化结果如图3所示。The obtained channel non-uniform normalization result is shown in Figure 3.
S3、利用S2中得到的非均匀归一化数据集Normal进行如下的均匀量化得到均匀量化数据集Quantify:S3. Use the non-uniform normalized data set Normal obtained in S2 to perform the following uniform quantization to obtain a uniform quantized data set Quantify:
其中,L为大于1的整数,R为量化阶数,本实施例中,考虑量化阶数为3,。Wherein, L is an integer greater than 1, and R is a quantization order. In this embodiment, it is considered that the quantization order is 3′.
其获得信道非均匀归一化结果如图4所示。The obtained channel non-uniform normalization results are shown in Figure 4.
均匀量化方法是对信道特征数据集整体进行均匀归一化,随后进行均匀量化。The uniform quantization method is to uniformly normalize the entire channel feature data set, and then perform uniform quantization.
排序量化方法是通过对信道特征数据集的幅值进行从小到大排序,随后根据量化阶数进行分区间比特替换。The sorting quantization method is to sort the amplitude of the channel feature data set from small to large, and then perform bit replacement between partitions according to the quantization order.
S4、利用S3得到的均匀量化数据集Quantify由十进制转化为二进制,然后再将二进制码转化为对应R位格雷码,拼接之后得到初始密钥比特流。S4. The uniform quantization data set Quantify obtained by S3 is converted from decimal to binary, and then the binary code is converted into the corresponding R-bit Gray code, and the initial key bit stream is obtained after splicing.
其获得信道非均匀归一化结果如图5所示。从图5中可以看出,Alice和Bob最终获得的私有密钥中的0/1比特序列具有一定的差异。The obtained channel non-uniform normalization results are shown in Figure 5. As can be seen from Figure 5, the 0/1 bit sequences in the private keys finally obtained by Alice and Bob have certain differences.
S5、利用S4得到的初始密钥比特流,通过随机交织矩阵交织,合法通信双方得到不对称私有密钥KA和KB。S5. Using the initial key bit stream obtained in S4, through random interleaving matrix interleaving, both parties of legitimate communication obtain asymmetric private keys KA and KB .
S6、Alice通过合法通信双方共享的信息加密处理方法对要发送的信息M进行加密得到加密信息M',随后Alice通过选择一种信道纠错编码算法处理加密信息M'得到编码信息CM。S6. Alice encrypts the information M to be sent by the information encryption processing method shared by both legal communication parties to obtain encrypted information M', and then Alice processes the encrypted information M' by selecting a channel error correction coding algorithm to obtain the encoded information CM.
S7、Alice将编码信息CM和不对称私有密钥KA进行逐个比特的异或操作,获得将要传输的序列S,并通过公共信道传输给Bob。S7. Alice performs a bit-by-bit XOR operation on the encoded information CM and the asymmetric private key KA, obtains the sequence S to be transmitted, and transmits it to Bob through the public channel.
S8、Bob将接收序列S和不对称私有密钥KB进行异或操作,解出信息S',随后Bob通过信道纠错解码算法,对信息S'进行解密,获得信息M'。S8. Bob performs an XOR operation on the received sequence S and the asymmetric private key KB to solve the information S', and then Bob decrypts the information S' through the channel error correction decoding algorithm to obtain the information M'.
S9、Bob通过合法通信双方共享的信息解密处理方法对信息M'进行解密得到Alice传递的信息M。S9. Bob decrypts the information M' by using the information decryption processing method shared by both legal communication parties to obtain the information M transmitted by Alice.
本发明所述方法,在相同无线信道特征的条件下,与均匀量化方法,排序量化方法相比得到的密钥不一致率对比如图6所示。The method of the present invention, under the condition of the same wireless channel characteristics, compared with the uniform quantization method and the sequence quantization method, the obtained key inconsistency rates are compared as shown in FIG. 6 .
本发明所述方法,结合Polar信道编译码,在各量化阶数下的误比特率对比如图7所示。The method of the present invention, combined with Polar channel coding and decoding, compares the bit error rate under each quantization order as shown in FIG. 7 .
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出:对本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提想,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out: for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can also be made, and these improvements and modifications should also be It is regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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