CN114040392A - Uniform quantization method based on median non-uniform normalization and applicable to uncoordinated wireless channel key generation system - Google Patents
Uniform quantization method based on median non-uniform normalization and applicable to uncoordinated wireless channel key generation system Download PDFInfo
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- H04W12/04—Key management, e.g. using generic bootstrapping architecture [GBA]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a uniform quantization method based on median nonuniform normalization, which can be applied to a non-coordinated wireless channel key generation system.A communication party and a communication party mutually send pilot signals and channel measurement is carried out to obtain wireless channel characteristic information; secondly, dividing the wireless channel characteristic information into two intervals by taking the median as a boundary, and carrying out non-uniform normalization of different scales on data sets of the two intervals; then, integrating the data set after non-uniform normalization and then uniformly quantizing the whole data set; and finally, carrying out bit mapping on the quantized bit sequence and the corresponding Gray code, and interleaving through a random matrix to obtain the final key bit stream. The method can improve the randomness and reduce the inconsistency rate of asymmetric private keys of both communication parties, thereby reducing the bit error rate of channel error correction decoding in the non-coordinated wireless channel key generation technology and finally realizing the safe information transmission of shared wireless channel characteristics with better performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of information security, in particular to a uniform quantization method based on median nonuniform normalization and applicable to a non-coordinated wireless channel key generation system.
Background
The physical layer security technology based on the wireless channel characteristics is mainly characterized in that the wireless channel physical layer characteristics are quantized into key bit streams, and then, two communication parties generate a consistent shared key through information reconciliation and privacy amplification and provide the same for an upper encryption system, so that the security of the communication system is ensured.
By using the channel error correction coding technology, the secret wireless channel characteristic information of two communication parties can be prevented from being revealed in the information reconciliation process, and the higher complexity of obtaining the secret key caused by privacy amplification is reduced.
In the research of the existing wireless key generation system based on channel error correction coding, the quantization method mostly uses uniform quantization or sequencing quantization, which results in higher key inconsistency rate of the initial keys of both communication parties and higher channel error correction decoding bit error rate. Therefore, a new quantization method with high randomness and low key inconsistency rate is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: aiming at the condition that the key inconsistency rate of an initial key obtained by using the existing quantization method for the wireless channel characteristics in a wireless key generation system based on channel error correction coding is high, the invention provides a uniform quantization method based on median nonuniform normalization, which can be applied to a non-coordinated wireless channel key generation system. According to the method, a data set is divided into two intervals through the amplitude median of wireless channel characteristics, non-uniform normalization of different scales is respectively carried out, then, the data set is combined and then uniformly quantized, finally, Gray codes of corresponding orders are mapped into key bit streams, an initial key with high randomness and low key consistency rate is obtained after interleaving, and the performance of subsequent channel error correction coding and decoding is improved.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention relates to a uniform quantization method based on median nonuniform normalization, which can be applied to a non-coordinated wireless channel key generation system and comprises the following steps:
(1) two communication parties (A party and B party) adopt a time division duplex mode to mutually transmit pilot frequency sequences, and measure the channel characteristics of the channels from the two communication parties to the other communication party respectively to obtain the corresponding wireless channel characteristic information of the two communication parties respectively;
(2) dividing the wireless channel characteristic information data set into two intervals according to the median, respectively carrying out non-uniform normalization of different scales, and then combining to obtain a wireless channel characteristic information data set with the same initial scale;
(3) uniformly quantizing the wireless channel characteristic information data set obtained by non-uniform normalization;
(4) gray mapping is carried out on the wireless channel characteristic information data set obtained by uniform quantization to obtain an initial key bit stream;
(5) interleaving the initial key bit stream by using a random matrix to obtain asymmetric private keys of the two parties;
(6) the communication A party carries out channel error correction coding on information to be transmitted after preprocessing, and generates a bit sequence after the channel error correction coding;
(7) the party A of the communication performs coding operation on the bit sequence of the channel error correction coding generated in the step (6) and the private key obtained in the step (5) to obtain an encrypted data stream, and then sends the encrypted data stream to the party B of the communication through a public channel;
(8) the B party of communication uses the private key obtained in the step (5) to perform decoding operation on the received data stream to obtain an initial decryption bit sequence, and then performs channel error correction decoding on the initial decryption bit sequence to obtain a decoding bit sequence;
(9) and (5) the B party of communication obtains decryption information by carrying out the preprocessing process of the inverse step (5) on the decoding bit sequence obtained in the step (8).
Further, the pilot sequence in step (1) should be a time domain symbol sequence in a single carrier transmission system, or a frequency domain subcarrier pilot sequence in a multicarrier transmission system, and the channel characteristic should be a measured channel time domain impulse response characteristic, or a measured channel frequency domain amplitude response characteristic.
Further, the step (2) specifically comprises:
(2-1) dividing the channel state information data set CSI into a section A [0, median (CSI)) and a section B [ median (CSI), Max (CSI)) ];
where median (CSI), max (CSI) are the median and maximum values of CSI in the data set, respectively.
(2-2) uniformly normalizing the maximum value and the minimum value of the interval A and the interval B respectively, and normalizing the data of the interval A to [0, 2%L-1) Interval, data for interval B normalized to [2L-1,2L) Interval, and then merging the data of the two intervals to obtain a non-uniform normalized data set Normal of the original data set, wherein the normalized data set is normalized to [ left, right]The normalization formula for the range is as follows:
Normal(i)＝Round(left+k*(CSI(i)-Min(CSI)))
wherein,
round (.) is rounded, Max (.) and Min (.) are taken as the maximum and minimum values, respectively, and L is an integer greater than 1.
Further, the step (3) specifically comprises:
and uniformly quantizing the non-uniform normalized data set Normal to obtain a uniformly quantized data set Quantify as follows:
wherein, L is an integer greater than 1, and R is a quantization order.
Further, the step (4) specifically comprises:
and converting the uniform quantization data set Quantify into a binary system from a decimal system, then converting the binary code into a corresponding R-bit gray code, and splicing to obtain an initial key bit stream.
Further, the step (5) specifically comprises:
through the random interleaving matrix shared by both communication sides, the burst errors are disorganized into discontinuous random errors, and the subsequent channel error correction coding performance is improved.
Further, the step (6) specifically comprises:
the communication A side encrypts the transmitted information by using an information encryption processing method common to both communication sides, and then performs channel error correction coding to generate a bit sequence after the channel error correction coding.
Further, the step (7) specifically comprises:
and (4) carrying out exclusive OR operation on the private key obtained by the communication A party in the step (5) and the bit sequence generated by the communication A party in the step (6) after channel error correction coding one by one.
Further, the step (8) specifically comprises:
and (4) carrying out bit-by-bit exclusive OR operation on the private key obtained by the communication party B in the step (5) and the bit sequence transmitted by the communication party A through the public channel in the step (7).
Further, the step (9) specifically includes:
and the communication B party decrypts the received information by using an information decryption processing method shared by the two communication parties to obtain final decryption information.
Has the advantages that:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: according to the invention, interval division is carried out according to the median, and then non-uniform normalization of each interval is respectively carried out, so that the interval characteristics are more refined and averaged. Then, an initial key bit stream is obtained through uniform quantization, and then randomness is improved through gray mapping, and interleaving reduces bit errors in strings. In the testing process, the channel conditions in different environments are faced with lower key inconsistency rate, so that the bit error rate of channel coding and decoding can be effectively reduced, and the method has better practicability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a frequency domain subcarrier amplitude channel signature obtained based on a wireless channel in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of non-uniform normalization results of channels based on wireless channel characteristics according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a channel uniform quantization result obtained based on a non-uniform normalization result of a wireless channel according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a key bitmap obtained by gray mapping based on the result of uniform quantization of a wireless channel according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a comparison of key inconsistency rates under various quantization methods in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is the bit error rate at each quantization order based on Polar channel coding and decoding according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a uniform quantization method based on median non-uniform normalization applicable to an uncoordinated wireless channel key generation system, which specifically includes the following steps:
s1, under a better indoor or outdoor environment, two communication parties (Alice and Bob) adopt a time division duplex mode to mutually transmit pilot frequency sequences, and the channel characteristics of the channels from the two communication parties to the other communication party are measured to obtain the corresponding wireless channel characteristic information of the two communication parties;
based on the USRP N210 software radio platform, Alice and Bob measure the channel characteristics by sending a pilot P to each other. In this embodiment, consider the amplitude characteristics in the frequency domain of the wireless channel based on Alice and Bob.
The USRP device operates at a sampling rate of 25MHz, collects a pilot signal having a baseband frequency of 2475MHz and a bandwidth of 20MHz, and has transmit and receive gain ranges of 0,30 dB.
Through channel sounding, Alice and Bob respectively obtain respective channel characteristics H, and the obtained frequency domain characteristics of the wireless channel are shown in fig. 2. As can be seen from fig. 2, due to various factors such as channel variation in the detected time slot, interference in the environment, and hardware fingerprint, the frequency domain characteristics of the obtained wireless channel may have a certain difference.
S2, Alice and Bob divide the measured channel characteristic data set into two intervals through the amplitude median respectively: a [0, Median (CSI)) and interval B [ Median (CSI), Max (CSI) ];
where median (CSI), max (CSI) are the median and maximum values of CSI in the data set, respectively.
Uniformly normalizing the maximum value and the minimum value of the interval A and the interval B respectively to obtain the data of the interval A normalized to [0, 2%L-1) Interval, data for interval B normalized to [2L-1,2L) Interval, and then merging the data of the two intervals to obtain a non-uniform normalized data set Normal of the original data set, wherein the normalized data set is normalized to [ left, right]The normalization formula for the range is as follows:
Normal(i)＝Round(left+k*(CSI(i)-Min(CSI)))
wherein,
round (.) is rounded, Max (.) and Min (.) are taken as the maximum and minimum values, respectively, and L is an integer greater than 1.
The obtained non-uniform normalization result of the channel is shown in fig. 3.
S3, carrying out uniform quantization by using the non-uniform normalized data set Normal obtained in the S2 to obtain a uniform quantized data set Quantify as follows:
where L is an integer greater than 1 and R is the quantization order, in this embodiment, the quantization order is considered to be 3.
The obtained channel non-uniform normalization result is shown in fig. 4.
The uniform quantization method is to uniformly normalize the entire channel characteristic data set and then uniformly quantize the entire channel characteristic data set.
The sequencing quantization method is to sequence the amplitudes of the channel characteristic data set from small to large and then perform inter-partition bit replacement according to the quantization order.
And S4, converting the uniform quantization data set Quantify obtained in the S3 from decimal into binary, converting the binary code into corresponding R-bit gray code, and splicing to obtain the initial key bit stream.
The obtained non-uniform normalization result of the channel is shown in fig. 5. As can be seen from fig. 5, there is a certain difference in the 0/1 bit sequence in the private key that Alice and Bob finally obtain.
S5, using the initial key bit stream obtained from S4, through random interleaving matrix interleaving, both legal communication parties obtain asymmetric private key KAAnd KB。
S6, Alice encrypts the information M to be sent by the information encryption processing method shared by both legal communication parties to obtain the encrypted information M ', and then Alice processes the encrypted information M' by selecting a channel error correction coding algorithm to obtain the coded information CM.
S7, Alice encodes the information CM and asymmetric private key KAAnd carrying out exclusive-or operation bit by bit to obtain a sequence S to be transmitted, and transmitting the sequence S to Bob through a common channel.
S8, Bob will receive the sequence S and the asymmetric private key KBAnd performing exclusive-or operation to obtain information S ', and then Bob decrypts the information S ' through a channel error correction decoding algorithm to obtain information M '.
And S9, Bob decrypts the information M' by the information decryption processing method shared by both legal communication parties to obtain the information M transmitted by Alice.
The comparison of the key inconsistency rates obtained by the method of the present invention compared with the uniform quantization method and the ordered quantization method under the same wireless channel characteristics is shown in fig. 6.
The bit error rate ratio under each quantization order of the method of the present invention, combined with Polar channel coding and decoding, is shown in fig. 7.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A uniform quantization method based on median nonuniform normalization applicable to a non-coordinated wireless channel key generation system comprises the following steps:
(1) two communication parties (A party and B party) adopt a time division duplex mode to mutually transmit pilot frequency sequences, and measure the channel characteristics of the channels from the two communication parties to the other communication party respectively to obtain the corresponding wireless channel characteristic information of the two communication parties respectively;
(2) dividing the wireless channel characteristic information data set into two intervals according to the median, respectively carrying out non-uniform normalization of different scales, and then combining to obtain a wireless channel characteristic information data set with the same initial scale;
(3) uniformly quantizing the wireless channel characteristic information data set obtained by non-uniform normalization;
(4) gray mapping is carried out on the wireless channel characteristic information data set obtained by uniform quantization to obtain an initial key bit stream;
(5) interleaving the initial key bit stream by using a random matrix to obtain asymmetric private keys of the two parties;
(6) the communication A party carries out channel error correction coding on information to be transmitted after preprocessing, and generates a bit sequence after the channel error correction coding;
(7) the party A of the communication performs coding operation on the bit sequence of the channel error correction coding generated in the step (6) and the private key obtained in the step (5) to obtain an encrypted data stream, and then sends the encrypted data stream to the party B of the communication through a public channel;
(8) the B party of communication uses the private key obtained in the step (5) to perform decoding operation on the received data stream to obtain an initial decryption bit sequence, and then performs channel error correction decoding on the initial decryption bit sequence to obtain a decoding bit sequence;
(9) and (5) the B party of communication obtains decryption information by carrying out the preprocessing process of the inverse step (5) on the decoding bit sequence obtained in the step (8).
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the pilot sequence in step (1) should be a time domain symbol sequence in a single carrier transmission system or a frequency domain subcarrier pilot sequence in a multicarrier transmission system, and the channel characteristic in step (1) should be a measured channel time domain impulse response characteristic or a measured channel frequency domain amplitude response characteristic.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the non-uniform normalization in step (2) comprises the steps of:
(2-1) dividing the wireless channel characteristic information data set CSI into intervals A according to the median: [0, median (csi)) and interval B: [ median (CSI), max (CSI) ], where median (CSI), max (CSI) are the median and maximum of the CSI in the data set, respectively;
(2-2) uniformly normalizing the maximum value and the minimum value of the interval A and the interval B respectively, and normalizing the data of the interval A to [0, 2%L-1) Interval, data for interval B normalized to [2L-1，2L) And combining the data of the two intervals to obtain a non-uniform normalized data set Normal of the original data set, wherein the normalized data set Normal is [ left, right ]]The normalization formula for the range is as follows:
Normal(i)＝Round(left+k*(CSI(i)-Min(CSI)))
wherein,
round (.) is rounded, Max (.) and Min (.) are taken as the maximum and minimum values, respectively, and L is an integer greater than 1.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the uniform quantization in step (3) is specifically as follows:
and uniformly quantizing the non-uniform normalized data set Normal to obtain a uniformly quantized data set Quantify as follows:
wherein, L is an integer greater than 1, and R is a quantization order.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and the gray mapping step in the step (4) comprises the steps of firstly converting the uniform quantization data set quantity from decimal into binary, then converting the binary code into corresponding R-bit gray code, and splicing to obtain the initial key bit stream.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the random interleaving matrix in the step (5) is shared by both communication parties, and the burst errors are disorganized into discontinuous random errors, so that the subsequent channel error correction coding and decoding performance is improved.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the preprocessing in the step (6) comprises the step of encrypting the information shared by the communication A party and the communication parties; and (4) performing channel error correction coding in the step (6), wherein the channel error correction coding comprises a BCH code, a Turbo code, an LDPC code and a Polar code, and the error correction capability is improved by adding redundant bits.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (5) performing bit-by-bit exclusive OR operation on the private key obtained by the communication party A in the step (5) and the bit sequence generated by the communication party A in the step (6) after channel error correction coding.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) the decoding operation in the step (8) comprises the step of carrying out bit-by-bit exclusive OR operation on the private key obtained by the communication party B in the step (5) and the bit sequence transmitted by the communication party A through the public channel in the step (7).
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the inverse preprocessing in the step (9) includes that the communication B party uses an information decryption processing method which is shared by both communication parties.
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Application publication date: 20220211 |