CN114039832B - Multi-antenna high-order modulation method suitable for supersonic speed fast-changing channel - Google Patents
Multi-antenna high-order modulation method suitable for supersonic speed fast-changing channel Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
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- H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
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- H04L27/3411—Modifications of the signal space to increase the efficiency of transmission, e.g. reduction of the bit error rate, bandwidth, or average power reducing the peak to average power ratio or the mean power of the constellation; Arrangements for increasing the shape gain of a signal set
Abstract
The invention provides a multi-antenna high-order modulation method suitable for a supersonic speed quick-change channel, which comprises the processes of MQAM modulation, constellation diagram expansion, DSTBC coding, DSTBC decoding, constellation diagram expansion and MQAM demodulation. The invention expands the constellation diagram after MQAM modulation, selects the position of the modulation signal in the constellation diagram by using the signal power output by the DSTBC coding signal, and achieves the accurate control of the signal output power, thereby avoiding the increase or decrease of the transmission power to certain extreme values caused by coding, and solving the problem that the MQAM modulation mode cannot be applied to DSTBC coding, and compared with MPSK-DSTBC, the MQAM-DSTBC can improve the demodulation performance under the premise of the same throughput rate; under the supersonic speed fast changing channel, the MQAM-DSTBC technology can be utilized to realize the multi-antenna diversity performance on the premise of high throughput rate and adapt to the fast changing of the channel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wireless communication, in particular to a multi-antenna high-order modulation method suitable for a supersonic speed fast-changing channel.
Background
In wireless communication, particularly in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM) communication, OFDM is used in multi-antenna wireless communication, and generally, a multi-antenna MIMO technology is adopted, particularly, a diversity technology using MIMO can bring about system gain, and good communication performance under a multipath interference scenario.
There are 2 general methods in MIMO diversity technology, the first is to measure channel state information at the receiving end by using pilot information by using a method of transmitting pilot frequency and using space-time coding STBC; the second method adopts a differential space-time coding DSTBC technology, which does not need to send pilot frequency information and even does not need to measure channel state information, and can successfully eliminate the channel information and restore the sent information by utilizing a DSTBC unique decoding technology.
Aiming at the pilot frequency and STBC technology, pilot frequency information is needed to be inserted more densely when dealing with a supersonic speed change channel, so that the change of the channel can be tracked in real time, and therefore, the continuous pilot frequency information is needed to be transmitted under the condition of dealing with the supersonic speed change channel, and the effect of the DSTBC technology is equivalent to that of DSTBC, the defect is that the effective information is extremely reduced due to high cost, but the DSTBC technology can eliminate the channel information in differential operation by utilizing a differential structure of the DSTBC technology, and the channel change can be tracked in real time without adding extra cost, so that the DSTBC technology has the characteristic of low cost.
However, the DSTBC technology is only suitable for the MPSK modulation mode, that is, the modulation mode is required to be constant envelope modulation, and it is known that the distance between adjacent points in the constellation diagram of the high-order MPSK modulation is smaller, so that a higher signal-to-noise ratio is required to complete the corresponding demodulation, and the performance of the system is extremely affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a multi-antenna high-order modulation method suitable for supersonic fast-changing channels, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems.
The invention provides a multi-antenna high-order modulation method suitable for a supersonic speed fast-changing channel, which comprises the following steps:
s10, modulating bit data according to MQAM to obtain a constellation diagram;
s20, expanding the constellation diagram, wherein the expanded constellation points are called external constellation points, and the constellation points in the original constellation diagram are called internal constellation points;
s30, calculating the power and DSTBC encoding of the encoded matrix data for the inner constellation points and the outer constellation points, and outputting the matrix data after DSTBC encoding;
s40, according to the DSTBC encoded matrix data output in the step S30, taking the first row of the matrix data as the transmission data of the first antenna and the second row of the matrix data as the transmission data of the second antenna;
s50, the receiving end receives the transmitted data of the 2 antennas; for received data, dividing each 2 symbol data in each antenna into a group, constructing each group of data of 2 antennas into a 2×2 matrix, and performing DSTBC decoding on the 2×2 matrix to obtain a decoding matrix;
s60, selecting a first row of a decoding matrix as decoded data, performing MQAM constellation diagram expansion on the decoded data, and mapping external constellation points to internal constellation points;
and S70, demodulating the constellation points mapped in the step S60 according to the MQAM to obtain a final result.
Further, the method for expanding the constellation in step S20 includes the following sub-steps:
s21, calculating the number D of constellation points of one row or one column of the periphery in the constellation diagram according to the M value of the MQAM in the step S10 by using the following formula:
D＝log 2 (M)；
s22, selecting center points of 4 areas:
(1) Selecting the D-2 point from top to bottom as the center point of the area 1 according to the left column of the constellation diagram;
(2) Selecting a D-2 point from right to left as a center point of the region 2 according to the top row of the constellation diagram;
(3) Selecting a D-2 point from bottom to top as a center point of the region 3 according to a row on the right of the constellation diagram;
(4) Selecting a D-2 point from left to right as a center point of the region 4 according to the bottom row of the constellation diagram;
s23, after removing the constellation points at the outermost periphery of the constellation diagram, subtracting the central points of the area 1, the area 2, the area 3 and the area 4 from each remaining constellation point in sequence to obtain 4 difference values;
s24, calculating a module value of the 4 difference values obtained by each remaining constellation point, wherein the position of the minimum module value represents the area number to which the constellation point belongs;
s25, according to the region numbers obtained in the step S24, respectively taking the real part of the region 1, the imaginary part of the region 2, the real part of the region 3 or the imaginary part of the region 4 as a symmetry axis, calculating an external mirror image constellation point, wherein the mirror image constellation point is an extended constellation point and is called an external constellation point; the constellation points in the constellation obtained in the original step S10 are called inner constellation points.
Further, step S30 includes the following sub-steps:
s31, in the constellation diagram obtained in the step S10, the constellation points are grouped according to every 2 constellation points, and matrix mapping is carried out on the constellation points of each group:
wherein X is k Mapping the k group of constellation points to obtain a matrix; x is x k,1 And x k,2 For constellation points in the kth matrix, x k,1 * Representing the constellation point x k,1 Performing conjugate operation, x k,2 * Representing the constellation point x k,2 The conjugate operation is carried out, and the conjugate operation is carried out, k=1.., N; n is half of the total length of the data of the constellation diagram, and is the total divided group number;
s32, performing DSTBC coding on the matrix obtained by mapping each group of constellation points according to the following formula:
Y k ＝X k Y k-1
wherein Y is k Matrix data after DSTBC encoding is carried out on the matrix obtained by mapping the k group of constellation points; y is k,1 And y k,2 For matrix unit data, y k,1 * Representing matrix cell data y k,1 Performing conjugate operation, y k,2 * Representing matrix cell data y k,2 The conjugate operation is carried out, and the conjugate operation is carried out, k=1.., N; n is half of the total length of the data of the constellation diagram, and is the total divided group number;
s33, matrix data obtained by performing DSTBC encoding on the matrix obtained by mapping the constellation points are subjected to power calculation of the encoded matrix data according to the following formula:
wherein,for the power of matrix unit data, P k Power for the encoded matrix data;
s34, defining an initial matrix data Y after coding 0 The defined coded initial matrix data Y 0 Calculating the power of the encoded matrix data according to the formula of the step S33, wherein the power of the matrix unit data in the power of the encoded matrix data corresponds to the position of the matrix unit data in the encoded matrix data, if the power of the matrix unit data is greater than or equal to 1, the position selects an inner constellation point, the power of the encoded data is less than 1, and the position selects an outer constellation point; matrix data Y after DSTBC encoding is carried out on the matrix obtained by mapping the 1 st group of constellation points according to the selected inner constellation points and the outer constellation points 1 Then matrix data Y after DSTBC encoding is carried out by utilizing matrix obtained by mapping of constellation points of the 1 st group 1 Repeating the steps S32-S33, and so on to obtain matrix data after DSTBC encoding of the matrix obtained by mapping the constellation points of the 1 st group to the k th group.
Further, in step S50, the matrix constructed for each set of data of 2 antennas is represented as:
wherein R is k K-th group data of 2 antennas, r 1,2k A first symbol representing the kth group data of the 1 st antenna, r 1,2k+1 A second symbol representing the kth group data of the 1 st antenna, r 2,2k First symbol representing k-th group data of 2 antennas, r 2,2k+1 A second symbol representing the kth set of data for the 2 nd antenna.
Further, in step S50, the method for performing DSTBC decoding includes:
G k ＝R k R k-1 -1
wherein G is k Decoding matrix of k-th group data of 2 antennas, R k-1 -1 Is the inverse of the k-1 data set of 2 antennas.
Further, the M value demodulated according to MQAM in step S70 is the same as the M value modulated according to MQAM in step S10.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention expands the constellation diagram after MQAM modulation, selects the position of the modulation signal in the constellation diagram by using the signal power output by the DSTBC coding signal, and achieves the accurate control of the signal output power, thereby avoiding the increase or decrease of the transmission power to certain extreme values caused by coding, and solving the problem that the MQAM modulation mode cannot be applied to DSTBC coding, and compared with MPSK-DSTBC, the MQAM-DSTBC can improve the demodulation performance under the premise of the same throughput rate; under the supersonic speed fast changing channel, the MQAM-DSTBC technology can be utilized to realize the multi-antenna diversity performance on the premise of high throughput rate and adapt to the fast changing of the channel.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following description will briefly describe the drawings in the embodiments, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a multi-antenna high-order modulation method suitable for use in a supersonic fast-varying channel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a constellation diagram obtained by modulating according to 64QAM in a multi-antenna high-order modulation method suitable for use in a supersonic fast-changing channel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a constellation diagram after modulation and expansion according to 64QAM in a multi-antenna high-order modulation method suitable for use in a supersonic fast-changing channel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.
Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Examples
This embodiment takes the M value in MQAM as 64 as an example, that is, 64QAM modulation is adopted, then the modulation constellation is spread, and DSTBC encoding, decoding and final despreading and demodulation are performed. As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a multi-antenna high-order modulation method applicable to a supersonic fast-changing channel, which includes the following steps:
s10, modulating bit data according to 64QAM to obtain a constellation diagram shown in figure 2;
s20, expanding the constellation diagram, wherein the expanded constellation points are called external constellation points, and the constellation points in the original constellation diagram are called internal constellation points;
s21, calculating the constellation point D of one row or one column of the periphery of the constellation diagram according to the M value of 64QAM in the step S10, namely the total doing point 64 in the constellation diagram, by using the following formula:
D＝log 2 (64)；
s22, selecting center points of 4 areas:
(1) Selecting the (D-2=4) th point from top to bottom as the center point of the area 1 according to the left column of the constellation diagram, wherein the value of the (D-2=4) th point is-0.9899-0.1414 i;
(2) Selecting the D-2=4 point from right to left as the center point of the region 2 according to the top row of the constellation diagram, wherein the value of the D-2=4 point is-0.1414+0.9899i;
(3) According to the right column of the constellation diagram, selecting the D-2=4 point from bottom to top as the center point of the area 3, wherein the value of the D-2=4 point is 0.9899+0.1414i;
(4) Selecting the D-2=4 point from left to right as the center point of the area 4 according to the bottom row of the constellation diagram, wherein the value of the D-2=4 point is 0.1414-0.9899i;
s23, after removing the outermost constellation points from the constellation diagram, subtracting the central points of the area 1, the area 2, the area 3 and the area 4 from each remaining constellation point in sequence to obtain 4 difference values:
subtracting the center point of the region 1 from each of the remaining constellation points to obtain interpolation sub1;
subtracting the center point of the region 2 from each of the remaining constellation points to obtain interpolation sub2;
subtracting the center point of the region 3 from each of the remaining constellation points to obtain interpolation sub3;
subtracting the center point of the area 4 from each of the remaining constellation points to obtain interpolation sub4;
s24, obtaining a module value of the 4 difference values sub1, sub2, sub3 and sub4 obtained by each remaining constellation point, wherein the position of the minimum module value represents the area number to which the constellation point belongs;
s25, according to the region numbers obtained in the step S24, respectively taking the real part of the region 1, the imaginary part of the region 2, the real part of the region 3 or the imaginary part of the region 4 as a symmetry axis, calculating an external mirror image constellation point, wherein the mirror image constellation point is an extended constellation point and is called an external constellation point, and is a small triangle as shown in fig. 3; the constellation points in the constellation obtained in the original step S10 are called inner constellation points, such as small black points shown in fig. 3.
S30, calculating the power and DSTBC encoding of the encoded matrix data for the inner constellation point and the outer constellation point, and outputting the matrix data after DSTBC encoding:
s31, in the constellation diagram obtained in the step S10, the constellation points are grouped according to every 2 constellation points, and matrix mapping is carried out on the constellation points of each group:
wherein X is k Mapping the k group of constellation points to obtain a matrix; x is x k,1 And x k,2 For constellation points in the kth matrix, x k,1 * Representing the constellation point x k,1 Performing conjugate operation, x k,2 * Representing the constellation point x k,2 The conjugate operation is carried out, and the conjugate operation is carried out, k=1.., N; n is half of the total length of the data of the constellation diagram, and is the total divided group number;
s32, performing DSTBC coding on the matrix obtained by mapping each group of constellation points according to the following formula:
Y k ＝X k Y k-1
wherein Y is k Matrix data after DSTBC encoding is carried out on the matrix obtained by mapping the k group of constellation points; y is k,1 And y k,2 For matrix unit data, y k,1 * Representing matrix cell data y k,1 Performing conjugate operation, y k,2 * Representing matrix cell data y k,2 The conjugate operation is carried out, and the conjugate operation is carried out, k=1.., N; n is half of the total length of the data of the constellation diagram, and is the total divided group number;
s33, matrix data obtained by performing DSTBC encoding on the matrix obtained by mapping the constellation points are subjected to power calculation of the encoded matrix data according to the following formula:
wherein,for the power of matrix unit data, P k Power for the encoded matrix data;
s34, defining an initial matrix data Y after coding 0 ，Y 0 The values of the elements in the matrix can be arbitrarily selected from 64 constellation points in the constellation diagram, so that the initial matrix data Y after the following encoding can be defined 0 ：
The defined coded initial matrix data Y 0 Calculating the power of the encoded matrix data according to the formula of the step S33, wherein the power of the matrix unit data in the power of the encoded matrix data corresponds to the position of the matrix unit data in the encoded matrix data, if the power of the matrix unit data is greater than or equal to 1, the position selects an inner constellation point, the power of the encoded data is less than 1, and the position selects an outer constellation point; matrix data Y after DSTBC encoding is carried out on the matrix obtained by mapping the 1 st group of constellation points according to the selected inner constellation points and the outer constellation points 1 Then matrix data Y after DSTBC encoding is carried out by utilizing matrix obtained by mapping of constellation points of the 1 st group 1 Repeating the steps S32-S33, and so on to obtain matrix data after DSTBC encoding of the matrix obtained by mapping the constellation points of the 1 st group to the k th group.
S40, according to the DSTBC encoded matrix data output in the step S30, taking the first row of the matrix data as the transmission data of the first antenna and the second row of the matrix data as the transmission data of the second antenna;
s50, the receiving end receives the transmitted data of the 2 antennas; for received data, dividing each 2 symbol data in each antenna into a group, constructing each group of data of 2 antennas into a 2×2 matrix, and performing DSTBC decoding on the 2×2 matrix to obtain a decoding matrix;
wherein the matrix constructed for each set of data for 2 antennas is expressed as:
wherein R is k K-th group data of 2 antennas, r 1,2k A first symbol representing the kth group data of the 1 st antenna, r 1,2k+1 A second symbol representing the kth group data of the 1 st antenna, r 2,2k First symbol representing k-th group data of 2 antennas, r 2,2k+1 A second symbol representing the kth set of data for the 2 nd antenna.
The method for decoding DSTBC comprises the following steps:
G k ＝R k R k-1 -1
i.e. the inverse of the k-1 data of the 2 antennas multiplied by the k-1 data of the 2 antennas. Wherein G is k Decoding matrix of k-th group data of 2 antennas, R k-1 -1 Is the inverse of the k-1 data set of 2 antennas.
S60, selecting a first row of a decoding matrix as decoded data, performing MQAM constellation diagram expansion on the decoded data, and mapping external constellation points to internal constellation points;
and S70, demodulating the constellation points mapped in the step S60 according to 64QAM to obtain a final result.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A multi-antenna high-order modulation method suitable for use in a supersonic fast-changing channel, comprising the steps of:
s10, modulating bit data according to MQAM to obtain a constellation diagram;
s20, expanding the constellation diagram, wherein the expanded constellation points are called external constellation points, and the constellation points in the original constellation diagram are called internal constellation points;
s30, calculating the power and DSTBC encoding of the encoded matrix data for the inner constellation points and the outer constellation points, and outputting the matrix data after DSTBC encoding;
s40, according to the DSTBC encoded matrix data output in the step S30, taking the first row of the matrix data as the transmission data of the first antenna and the second row of the matrix data as the transmission data of the second antenna;
s50, the receiving end receives the transmitted data of the 2 antennas; for received data, dividing each 2 symbol data in each antenna into a group, constructing each group of data of 2 antennas into a 2×2 matrix, and performing DSTBC decoding on the 2×2 matrix to obtain a decoding matrix;
s60, selecting a first row of a decoding matrix as decoded data, performing MQAM constellation diagram expansion on the decoded data, and mapping external constellation points to internal constellation points;
s70, demodulating the constellation points mapped in the step S60 according to the MQAM to obtain a final result;
step S30 comprises the following sub-steps:
s31, in the constellation diagram obtained in the step S10, the constellation points are grouped according to every 2 constellation points, and matrix mapping is carried out on the constellation points of each group:
wherein X is k Mapping the k group of constellation points to obtain a matrix; x is x k,1 And x k,2 For constellation points in the kth matrix, x k,1 * Representing the constellation point x k,1 Performing conjugate operation, x k,2 * Representing the constellation point x k,2 The conjugate operation is carried out, and the conjugate operation is carried out, k=1.., N; n is half of the total length of the data of the constellation diagram, and is the total divided group number;
s32, performing DSTBC coding on the matrix obtained by mapping each group of constellation points according to the following formula:
Y k ＝X k Y k-1
wherein Y is k Matrix data after DSTBC encoding is carried out on the matrix obtained by mapping the k group of constellation points; y is k,1 And y k,2 For matrix unit data, y k,1 * Representing matrix cell data y k,1 Performing conjugate operation, y k,2 * Representing matrix cell data y k,2 The conjugate operation is carried out, and the conjugate operation is carried out, k=1.., N; n is half of the total length of the data of the constellation diagram, and is the total divided group number;
s33, matrix data obtained by performing DSTBC encoding on the matrix obtained by mapping the constellation points are subjected to power calculation of the encoded matrix data according to the following formula:
wherein,for the power of matrix unit data, P k Power for the encoded matrix data;
s34, defining an initial matrix data Y after coding 0 The defined coded initial matrix data Y 0 Calculating the power of the encoded matrix data according to the formula of the step S33, wherein the power of the matrix unit data in the power of the encoded matrix data corresponds to the position of the matrix unit data in the encoded matrix data, if the power of the matrix unit data is greater than or equal to 1, the position selects an inner constellation point, the power of the encoded data is less than 1, and the position selects an outer constellation point; matrix data Y after DSTBC encoding is carried out on the matrix obtained by mapping the 1 st group of constellation points according to the selected inner constellation points and the outer constellation points 1 Then make things convenient forMatrix data Y after DSTBC encoding by matrix obtained by mapping constellation points of 1 st group 1 Repeating the steps S32-S33, and so on to obtain matrix data after DSTBC encoding of the matrix obtained by mapping the constellation points of the 1 st group to the k th group.
2. The method for multi-antenna high-order modulation under a supersonic fast-varying channel according to claim 1, wherein the method for expanding the constellation in step S20 comprises the sub-steps of:
s21, calculating the number D of constellation points of one row or one column of the periphery in the constellation diagram according to the M value of the MQAM in the step S10 by using the following formula:
D＝log 2 (M)；
s22, selecting center points of 4 areas:
(1) Selecting the D-2 point from top to bottom as the center point of the area 1 according to the left column of the constellation diagram;
(2) Selecting a D-2 point from right to left as a center point of the region 2 according to the top row of the constellation diagram;
(3) Selecting a D-2 point from bottom to top as a center point of the region 3 according to a row on the right of the constellation diagram;
(4) Selecting a D-2 point from left to right as a center point of the region 4 according to the bottom row of the constellation diagram;
s23, after removing the constellation points at the outermost periphery of the constellation diagram, subtracting the central points of the area 1, the area 2, the area 3 and the area 4 from each remaining constellation point in sequence to obtain 4 difference values;
s24, calculating a module value of the 4 difference values obtained by each remaining constellation point, wherein the position of the minimum module value represents the area number to which the constellation point belongs;
s25, according to the region numbers obtained in the step S24, respectively taking the real part of the region 1, the imaginary part of the region 2, the real part of the region 3 or the imaginary part of the region 4 as a symmetry axis, calculating an external mirror image constellation point, wherein the mirror image constellation point is an extended constellation point and is called an external constellation point; the constellation points in the constellation obtained in the original step S10 are called inner constellation points.
3. The multi-antenna high-order modulation method for use in a supersonic fast-varying channel according to claim 1, wherein the matrix constructed for each set of data of 2 antennas is represented as:
wherein R is k K-th group data of 2 antennas, r 1,2k A first symbol representing the kth group data of the 1 st antenna, r 1,2k+1 A second symbol representing the kth group data of the 1 st antenna, r 2,2k First symbol representing k-th group data of 2 antennas, r 2,2k+1 A second symbol representing the kth set of data for the 2 nd antenna.
4. The multi-antenna high-order modulation method for use in a supersonic fast-changing channel according to claim 3, wherein the DSTBC decoding in step S50 is performed by:
G k ＝R k R k-1 -1
wherein G is k Decoding matrix of k-th group data of 2 antennas, R k-1 -1 Is the inverse of the k-1 data set of 2 antennas.
5. The method for multi-antenna high order modulation under a supersonic fast-varying channel according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the value of M demodulated according to MQAM in step S70 is the same as the value of M modulated according to MQAM in step S10.
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