CN114037810A - Method for automatically creating CityGML model based on two-dimensional vector - Google Patents
Method for automatically creating CityGML model based on two-dimensional vector Download PDFInfo
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- CN114037810A CN114037810A CN202111348540.5A CN202111348540A CN114037810A CN 114037810 A CN114037810 A CN 114037810A CN 202111348540 A CN202111348540 A CN 202111348540A CN 114037810 A CN114037810 A CN 114037810A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for automatically creating a CityGML model based on a two-dimensional vector, which comprises the steps of dividing a building surface element into a floor, a side wall and a roof; then acquiring two-dimensional vector data of the building and acquiring top height and bottom height data of the building; and combining objects with the same building ID by using the building ID attribute, processing the topological relation between the building objects and the building body by using Boolean operation, and finally generating a complete building model. The model generated by the invention distinguishes information such as the roof, the side wall, the floor and the like, can be used for carrying out independent application analysis on the roof, the side wall and the floor respectively, and can better exert the application effect of the three-dimensional model.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of three-dimensional modeling, in particular to a method for automatically creating a CityGML model based on a two-dimensional vector.
Background
The city geographic markup language (CityGML) is a concept for modeling and exchange of 3D city and landscape models, and a general information model for representing 3D city objects. It defines the classes and relationships of the most relevant terrain objects in the city and region models according to geometric, topological, semantic and appearance attributes. Including the summary hierarchy between topic classes, aggregation, relationships between objects, and spatial attributes. Compared to other 3D vector formats, CityGML is based on a rich, generic information model and geometric and graphical content, allowing the use of virtual 3D city models for complex analysis tasks in different application domains, such as simulation, city data mining, facility management and topic queries.
At present, the three-dimensional modeling is huge in workload, the models are all expressed by adding texture information through a geometric structure, the geometric structure is expressed as a whole, the analysis and application cannot be independently performed on a roof, a floor or a wall during subsequent application, and attribute information of a building is hung as an external link.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for automatically creating a CityGML model based on a two-dimensional vector to solve the problems, which definitely distinguishes information of a roof, a side wall and a floor and is convenient for carrying out independent application analysis on each surface element of a building.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
according to the definition of building LOD2 model in the CityGML2.0 standard, the whole building is expressed by expressing three parts of the floor, the side wall and the roof of the building. The method comprises the following specific steps:
the first step is as follows: the surface of the building surface element with the normal line facing downwards vertically is defined as a floor, the surface of the building surface element with the normal line facing around is defined as a side wall, and the surface element except the floor and the side wall is defined as a roof.
The second step is that: acquiring a two-dimensional vector contour line of a building;
the third step: acquiring height information of a building, including the height of a roof and the height of a bottom; the accuracy of the building floor height directly affects the accuracy of the model. The accuracy of the building top height directly affects the accuracy of the model.
The fourth step: the attribute fields defining the building include essential and optional fields: the necessary fields include: ObjectID, building ID, building top height, building bottom height, etc., optional fields being added as required.
The fifth step: establishing a CityGML model by using the defined rules of the floor, the side wall and the roof of the building, the contour line of the building and the height information of the building; and merging the buildings and performing topology processing according to the information of the objectID and the building ID.
In the third step of the method, the bottom height data of the building is acquired through a specified fixed height value or by DEM data, and the DEM data comprises 30M-distance DEM data published by a network or DEM data acquired by a surveying and mapping unit.
In the third step of the method, the top height data of the building is obtained by specifying a fixed height value or by matching DSM data through aerial triangulation by using aerial images, or by using airborne point cloud, or by judging the floors of the building by using street view or aerial images and calculating the height of the building by 3 meters per floor.
In the fifth step of the method, objects with the same building ID are combined by using the building ID attribute, and the topological relation between the building bodies is processed by using Boolean operation.
The beneficial effects produced by adopting the invention are as follows:
(1) the invention can utilize the height information (DEM DSM) vector data to quickly establish the model, and the model distinguishes information such as a roof, a side wall, a floor and the like, and all building attribute information is added into the model.
(2) Compared with the traditional structured three-dimensional model, the structural semantic model generated by the method can be better analyzed and applied, can be respectively and independently applied and analyzed to the roof, the side wall and the floor, and can better exert the application effect of the three-dimensional model.
(3) Compared with the traditional modeling mode, the technical scheme of the invention can rapidly establish the three-dimensional models in batches, greatly improve the modeling efficiency and save the modeling cost.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention relates to a method for automatically creating a CityGML model based on a two-dimensional vector, which expresses the whole building by expressing three parts of a floor, a side wall and a roof of the building according to the definition of a building LOD2 model in the CityGML2.0 standard. Comprises the following steps:
step 1: and defining modules contained in the CityGML format model of the building, such as a roof, a side wall, a floor and the like.
The building can be divided into different modules so that different structures can analyze the building, the surface of the building surface element with the normal facing downwards vertically is defined as a floor, the surface of the building surface element with the normal facing to the periphery is defined as a side wall, and the surface elements except the floor and the side wall are defined as a roof. The whole building consists of three parts of a floor, a side wall and a roof,
step 2: and acquiring and arranging the two-dimensional vector data of the building.
The two-dimensional vector acquisition method can be divided into a plurality of types, and is selected according to the existing data, but different vector acquisition methods have different precision and work efficiency differences:
two-dimensional vector acquisition method a: the existing topographic map data is used for extracting the contour line of the building, different height information of the same building needs to be extracted separately, and the final result is arranged into polygon.
Two-dimensional vector acquisition mode B: and (3) carrying out vectorization on image data, collecting the contour lines of the buildings, carrying out separate extraction on different height information of the same building, and finally finishing the result into a polygon.
The two-dimensional vector data needs to contain the following attribute fields: necessary information such as ObjectID, building ID, building floor height, and building top height, and other attribute information may be added as needed, and all the added attributes may be retained in the finally generated three-dimensional model. The ObjectID is a unique code and can be coded according to a self-defined naming rule, the ID of the building can utilize house property data or cadastral data, unified management is convenient, and building IDs belonging to unified buildings need to be consistent.
And step 3: the method comprises the steps of obtaining the top height and the bottom height of a building, wherein the two height data directly influence the accuracy of model results, the bottom height of the building is generally obtained by DEM data, the DEM data can be 30M DEM data disclosed by a network, and the DEM data with high resolution obtained by a surveying and mapping unit can also be used.
A Digital Elevation Model (DEM), which is a solid ground Model that uses a group of ordered numerical arrays to represent ground Elevation, is a branch of a Digital Terrain Model (DTM), from which various other Terrain feature values can be derived.
The DTM is a space distribution describing linear and nonlinear combination of various topographic factors including elevation, such as gradient, slope direction, gradient change rate and other factors, wherein the DEM is a zero-order simple single-term digital topographic model, and other topographic characteristics such as gradient, slope direction, gradient change rate and the like can be derived on the basis of the DEM.
The minimum value or the average value of the DEM of the building contour line coverage area is obtained by taking the building contour as a unit, the top height of the building is generally obtained in the following modes, and different modes have different precision and work efficiency:
building top height acquisition mode a: aerial triangulation is carried out by utilizing aerial images, DSM data are matched, or the top height of the building is obtained by utilizing means such as airborne point cloud and the like, and the top information precision of the building obtained by the method is relatively high.
A Digital Surface Model (DSM) is a ground elevation Model including the heights of Surface buildings, bridges, trees, and the like. Compared with the DEM, the DEM only contains the elevation information of the terrain and does not contain other land surface information, and the DSM further contains the elevation of other land surface information except the ground on the basis of the DEM.
Building top height acquisition mode B: the street view or the aerial image is used for judging the floor of the building, the height of the building is calculated by using 3 meters on one floor, the method has lower cost and relatively lower precision,
and 4, adjusting the vector surface to the height of the bottom of the building by using the height field of the bottom of the building and taking the contour line of the building as a basis, setting the vector surface as a floor module, stretching the building by using the height field of the top of the building, setting the side surface generated by stretching as a wall module, and setting the top surface as a roof module.
Step 5, establishing a CityGML model by using the defined rules of the floor, the side wall and the roof of the building, the contour line of the building and the height information of the building; and merging the buildings and performing topology processing according to the information of the objectID and the building ID. Because the same building is distinguished at different heights, but the same building has the same building ID field, objects with the same building ID are combined by using the building ID attribute, and the topological relation between the building bodies is processed by using Boolean operation, so that the complete building is generated. And the building ID as the unique code.
The invention utilizes the height information (DEM DSM) vector data to quickly establish the model, and the model distinguishes information such as roofs, side walls, floors and the like, and all building attribute information is added into the model.
Compared with the traditional structured three-dimensional model, the structural semantic model generated by the method can be better analyzed and applied, can be respectively and independently applied and analyzed to the roof, the side wall and the floor, and can better exert the application effect of the three-dimensional model. By adopting the technical scheme of the invention, the three-dimensional models can be rapidly established in batches, the modeling efficiency is greatly improved, and the modeling cost is saved.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention that is presented in connection with specific embodiments, which are not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments described herein. For a person skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several equivalent alternatives or obvious modifications, all of which have the same properties or uses, without departing from the inventive concept, should be considered as falling within the scope of the patent protection of the invention, as determined by the claims filed.
Claims (4)
1. A method for automatically creating a CityGML model based on two-dimensional vectors is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: dividing the surface elements of the building into three parts, namely a floor, a side wall and a roof; defining a surface of the building surface element, which is vertical to the normal and faces downwards, as a floor, defining a surface of the building surface element, which faces the periphery towards the normal, as a side wall, and defining surface elements except the floor and the side wall as a roof;
step two: acquiring a two-dimensional vector line of a building;
step three: acquiring top height and bottom height data of a building;
step four: defining a property field of the building, the property field of the building including an ObjectID, a building ID, a building bottom height, and a building top height field; ObjectID and building ID are both unique codes;
step five: establishing a CityGML model by using the defined rules of the floor, the side wall and the roof of the building, the contour line of the building and the height information of the building; and merging and topological processing of the buildings according to the information of the ObjectID and the building ID, and finally generating a complete building model.
2. The method for automatically creating the city GML model based on the two-dimensional vector as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step three, the bottom height data of the building is acquired by a specified fixed height value or by DEM data, and the DEM data comprises network-published 30M-distance DEM data or DEM data acquired by a surveying and mapping unit.
3. The method for automatically creating the tygml model based on two-dimensional vectors as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step three, the top height data of the building is obtained by specifying a fixed height value or by matching DSM data through aerial triangulation using aerial images, or by using airborne point cloud, or by judging the floor of the building using street view or aerial images and calculating the height of the building by one floor of 3 meters.
4. The method for automatically creating the tygml model based on the two-dimensional vector according to claim 1, wherein in the fifth step, objects with the same building ID are combined by using the building ID attribute, and the topological relation between the building bodies is processed by using boolean operation.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115186347A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-10-14 | 北京星天地信息科技有限公司 | Building CityGML modeling method combining house type plan and inclined model |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115186347A (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2022-10-14 | 北京星天地信息科技有限公司 | Building CityGML modeling method combining house type plan and inclined model |
| CN115186347B (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2023-08-08 | 北京星天地信息科技有限公司 | Building CityGML modeling method combining house type plan view and inclination model |
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