CN114036973A - Series arc fault identification method of extreme learning machine based on dynamic online sequence - Google Patents

Series arc fault identification method of extreme learning machine based on dynamic online sequence Download PDF

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CN114036973A
CN114036973A CN202111187942.1A CN202111187942A CN114036973A CN 114036973 A CN114036973 A CN 114036973A CN 202111187942 A CN202111187942 A CN 202111187942A CN 114036973 A CN114036973 A CN 114036973A
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薛鹏
潘国兵
欧阳静
赵继凯
钱浚杰
邓伟芳
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Zhejiang University of Technology ZJUT
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Abstract

一种基于动态在线序列的极限学习机的串联电弧故障识别方法，包括以下步骤：1)电能波形采样数据降噪；2)实时数据分段截取；3)波形数据计算与处理；4)ELM故障电弧识别：基于ELM算法，将电弧识别转化为一个故障分类的问题，输入层到隐藏层的权值随机赋予，有了输入层到隐藏层的权值之后，根据最小二乘法得到隐藏层到输出层的权值，从而实现故障电弧识别。本发明通过具有计算高效，泛用性强的动态在线ELM学习算法，为不同负载条件的电网的串联电弧故障识别提供了准确有效的途径。

Figure 202111187942

A method for identifying series arc faults of extreme learning machines based on dynamic online sequences, comprising the following steps: 1) noise reduction of electric energy waveform sampling data; 2) real-time data segment interception; 3) waveform data calculation and processing; 4) ELM fault Arc identification: Based on the ELM algorithm, arc identification is transformed into a fault classification problem. The weights from the input layer to the hidden layer are randomly assigned. After the weights from the input layer to the hidden layer are obtained, the hidden layer to the output is obtained according to the least squares method. The weights of the layers are used to realize the fault arc identification. The invention provides an accurate and effective way for the series arc fault identification of the power grid under different load conditions through the dynamic online ELM learning algorithm with high calculation efficiency and strong generality.

Figure 202111187942

Description

Series arc fault identification method of extreme learning machine based on dynamic online sequence
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of arc fault identification, in particular to a series arc fault identification method of an Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) based on a dynamic online sequence.
Background
The arc fault identification technology analyzes one or more parameters by collecting various parameters in a line and applying different methods, so as to judge whether an arc fault is generated in the line. But arc faults are characterized by randomness, concealment, complexity and the like, so that the arc faults are difficult to identify.
At present, there are three types of methods for detecting series arc faults by researchers at home and abroad. The first is a detection method based on a mathematical model. The second is a detection method based on the physical characteristics of the arc. The third is a detection method based on arc current and voltage waveforms. Due to the complexity and randomness of the arc faults, the existing arc model has difficulty in accurately and comprehensively expressing the dynamic characteristics of the arc faults when the arc faults occur. When the characteristics of arc sound, arc light, temperature and the like during arc combustion are used for identifying the arc, the characteristics are limited by the installation quantity and the positions of the sensors, and the detection effect is greatly reduced for the hidden arc. At present, arc detection by using waveform characteristics is mainstream.
In a known conventional arc detection method, extracted arc current waveform feature data is input to a classifier such as a support vector machine to be classified, and a classification result is obtained. However, the load conditions of different lines are very different and can change frequently, resulting in poor training effect and failure to meet the requirements. Therefore, an Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) algorithm of dynamic online sequence is adopted to detect the arc fault in the line.
The ELM can be regarded as an improved feedforward neural network, and compared with a traditional machine learning network, the ELM of the dynamic online sequence has the following advantages in arc fault detection that (1) the training speed of the extreme learning machine is nearly thousands of times faster than that of the traditional neural network (such as BP algorithm). (2) Extreme learning machines have been verified to have better universality. (3) The ELM is combined with a dynamic online sequence, online learning can be realized, and the method has strong adaptability to power grid systems with different load intensities and real-time changes.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects that the existing arc fault identification process is low in identification precision, poor in adaptability when the load condition changes and more in false detection and missing detection situations, the invention provides the arc fault identification algorithm of the extreme learning machine of the dynamic online sequence, and the arc fault identification algorithm can adapt to different power grid load environments through an online learning method.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a method for series arc fault identification of an extreme learning machine based on a dynamic online sequence, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1) noise reduction of current waveform sampling data
Acquiring waveform sampling data of current in a power grid by using a high-speed sampling mutual inductance sensor, taking three adjacent sampling points as a group, adopting a pre-mean filtering algorithm, replacing the numerical value of a first point with the mean value of the group, adding a new point and discarding an old point;
step 2) real-time data segmentation interception
Intercepting the current real-time signal obtained in the step 1) by taking n current cycles as a period, namely intercepting data by adopting a window with an nT period as a length;
step 3) waveform data calculation and processing
After waveform data are obtained in the step 2), extracting time threshold characteristic root mean square error, integral energy value and period average value difference, extracting inter-harmonic factors and wavelet high-frequency components of frequency domain characteristic parts, and performing normalization processing on the characteristics;
step 4) ELM fault arc identification
Based on an ELM algorithm, arc identification is converted into a fault classification problem, weights from an input layer to a hidden layer are randomly given, and after the weights from the input layer to the hidden layer exist, the weights from the hidden layer to an output layer are obtained according to a least square method, so that fault arc identification is realized.
Further, the process of the step 4) is as follows:
4.1 selection of arc Fault database N at initialization stage0Group data
Figure RE-GDA0003455841870000021
Wherein
Figure RE-GDA0003455841870000022
Randomly generating an input weight matrix wiBias matrix biAn activation function f (), where i ═ 1, 2.,
Figure RE-GDA0003455841870000023
learning method calculation according to ELM
Figure RE-GDA0003455841870000024
Calculating an output weight matrix beta0＝M0H0T0Wherein M is0＝(H0H0)-1，
Figure RE-GDA0003455841870000031
Obtaining Y ═ Hkβ0Calculating the error between the normal output and the sample labeli＝|Yi-Tag |, with maximum error distance ∈ being countedmaxMinimum error distance of epsilonminSetting a margin parameter
Figure RE-GDA0003455841870000035
Calculating to obtain a judgment threshold value epsilonb＝k*(εmax-εmin)；
4.2, after the initialization stage shown in 4.1 is completed, accessing the system into a fault arc detection line, and inputting the normalized numerical value real-time data obtained in the step 3);
firstly, the output value Y is calculated as Hkβ0. At this time epsiloni＝|Y-Tag|；
When epsiloni≤εbJudging the sample to be in a normal running state, and marking a normal label on the sample to enter online learning;
when epsiloni＞εbWhen the power grid is in error, warning is given, the power grid condition is manually checked, if the power grid condition is in error, a normal label is marked, and the power grid condition is used as a new sample to enter online learning;
recording a new sample set
Figure RE-GDA0003455841870000032
At this point, a new sample set hidden layer output matrix is calculated:
Figure RE-GDA0003455841870000033
calculating a new output weight matrix:
Figure RE-GDA0003455841870000034
when k is k +1, completing one-time online sequence training;
4.3 repeat step 4.2 after new data is obtained, and perform a new training round.
Compared with the prior series arc fault detection technology, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention adopts an Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) algorithm with a dynamic sequence to identify the fault, and has the advantages of high learning and processing speed, good normalization performance and high identification accuracy compared with the traditional BP neural network algorithm.
The invention adopts a dynamic time sequence method on the basis of an Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), has stronger adaptability aiming at different loads of a power grid in the operation process and strong anti-interference capability, and is suitable for occasions needing long-time data monitoring.
The features of the root mean square error, the integral energy value, the period mean value difference, the partial inter-harmonic factor and the wavelet high-frequency component extracted by the method can be obtained by integrating, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and wavelet transform through the terminal, the calculation has low requirement on calculation power, and the calculation power can be integrated in a terminal collector to save cloud calculation power and transmission bandwidth.
The method tests the effect of series arc fault detection, can adaptively adjust the identification sensitivity under the conditions of different loads (1A and 5A), and has stronger anti-interference capability and real-time property under different conditions. The method can accurately identify the series arc fault and send out warning, and can utilize the real-time data online optimization model in normal operation to improve the accuracy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a series arc fault detection method in an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings: the present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, a method for series arc fault identification of an extreme learning machine based on a dynamic online sequence, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1) noise reduction of current waveform sampling data
The method comprises the steps that a mutual inductance sensor for high-speed sampling is used for obtaining waveform sampling data of current in a power grid, burrs exist in the data due to interference and the like, adjacent three sampling points are used as a group, a pre-mean filtering algorithm is adopted, the mean value of the group replaces the numerical value of a first point, a new point is added, and the old point is discarded, and the like;
step 2) real-time data segmentation interception
In order to facilitate the rapid processing of data and improve the real-time detection capability, 10(n is 10) current cycles are adopted as a period to intercept the current real-time signal obtained in the step 1), namely a window with the length of 10T period is adopted to intercept data;
step 3) waveform data calculation and processing
After waveform data are obtained in the step 2), extracting time threshold characteristic root mean square error, integral energy value and period average value difference, extracting inter-harmonic factors and wavelet high-frequency components of frequency domain characteristic parts, and performing normalization processing on the characteristics;
step 4) ELM fault arc identification
Based on an ELM algorithm, arc identification is converted into a fault classification problem, weights from an input layer to a hidden layer are randomly given, and after the weights from the input layer to the hidden layer exist, the weights from the hidden layer to an output layer can be obtained according to a least square method, so that fault arc identification is realized.
The process of the step 4) is as follows:
4.1 selection of arc Fault database N at initialization stage0Group data
Figure RE-GDA0003455841870000051
Wherein
Figure RE-GDA0003455841870000052
Randomly generating an input weight matrix wiBias matrix biAn activation function f (), where i ═ 1, 2.,
Figure RE-GDA0003455841870000053
learning method calculation according to ELM
Figure RE-GDA0003455841870000054
Calculating an output weight matrix beta0＝M0H0T0Wherein M is0＝(H0H0)-1，
Figure RE-GDA0003455841870000055
Obtaining Y ═ Hkβ0Calculating between normal output and sample labelError epsiloni＝|Yi-Tag |, with maximum error distance ∈ being countedmaxMinimum error distance of epsilonminSetting a margin parameter
Figure RE-GDA0003455841870000057
Calculating to obtain a judgment threshold value epsilonb＝k*(εmax-εmin) The threshold parameter is not suitable to be set too small;
4.2, after the initialization stage shown in 4.1 is completed, accessing the system into a fault arc detection line, and inputting the normalized numerical value real-time data obtained in the step 3);
firstly, the output value Y is calculated as Hkβ0At this time εi＝|Y-Tag|；
When epsiloni≤εbJudging the sample to be in a normal running state, and marking a normal label on the sample to enter online learning;
when epsiloni＞εbWhen the power grid is in error, warning is given, the power grid condition is manually checked, if the power grid condition is in error, a normal label is marked, and the power grid condition is used as a new sample to enter online learning;
recording a new sample set
Figure RE-GDA0003455841870000056
At this point, a new sample set hidden layer output matrix is calculated:
Figure RE-GDA0003455841870000061
calculating a new output weight matrix:
Figure RE-GDA0003455841870000062
when k is k +1, completing one-time online sequence training;
4.3 repeat step 4.2 after new data is obtained, and perform a new training round.
Finally, it should also be noted that the above-mentioned list is only one specific embodiment of the invention. It is obvious that the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but that many variations are possible. All modifications which can be derived or suggested by a person skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present invention are to be considered within the scope of the invention.

Claims (2)

1. A series arc fault identification method of an extreme learning machine based on a dynamic online sequence is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1) noise reduction of current waveform sampling data
Acquiring waveform sampling data of current in a power grid by using a high-speed sampling mutual inductance sensor, taking three adjacent sampling points as a group, adopting a pre-mean filtering algorithm, replacing the numerical value of a first point with the mean value of the group, adding a new point and discarding an old point;
step 2) real-time data segmentation interception
Intercepting the current real-time signal obtained in the step 1) by taking n current cycles as a period, namely intercepting data by adopting a window with an nT period as a length;
step 3) waveform data calculation and processing
After waveform data are obtained in the step 2), extracting time threshold characteristic root mean square error, integral energy value and period average value difference, extracting inter-harmonic factors and wavelet high-frequency components of frequency domain characteristic parts, and performing normalization processing on the characteristics;
step 4) ELM fault arc identification
Based on an ELM algorithm, arc identification is converted into a fault classification problem, weights from an input layer to a hidden layer are randomly given, and after the weights from the input layer to the hidden layer exist, the weights from the hidden layer to an output layer are obtained according to a least square method, so that fault arc identification is realized.
2. The method for identifying series arc faults of the extreme learning machine based on the dynamic online sequence as claimed in claim 1, wherein the process of the step 4) is as follows:
4.1 initialization phase selectionArc fault database N0Group data
Figure RE-FDA0003455841860000011
Wherein
Figure RE-FDA0003455841860000012
Randomly generating an input weight matrix wiBias matrix biActivating a function f (), wherein
Figure RE-FDA0003455841860000013
Learning method calculation according to ELM
Figure RE-FDA0003455841860000014
Calculating an output weight matrix beta0＝M0H0T0Wherein M is0＝(H0H0)-1，
Figure RE-FDA0003455841860000015
Obtaining Y ═ Hkβ0Calculating the error between the normal output and the sample labeli＝|Yi-Tag |, with maximum error distance ∈ being countedmaxMinimum error distance of epsilonminSetting a margin parameter
Figure RE-FDA0003455841860000021
Calculating to obtain a judgment threshold value epsilonb＝k*(εmax-εmin)；
4.2, after the initialization stage shown in 4.1 is completed, accessing the system into a fault arc detection line, and inputting the normalized numerical value real-time data obtained in the step 3);
firstly, the output value Y is calculated as Hkβ0At this time εi＝|Y-Tag|；
When epsiloni≤εbWhen it is positive, it is judged asIn a normal running state, the sample is marked with a normal label to enter online learning;
when epsiloni＞εbWhen the power grid is in error, warning is given, the power grid condition is manually checked, if the power grid condition is in error, a normal label is marked, and the power grid condition is used as a new sample to enter online learning;
recording a new sample set
Figure RE-FDA0003455841860000022
At this point, a new sample set hidden layer output matrix is calculated:
Figure RE-FDA0003455841860000023
calculating a new output weight matrix:
Figure RE-FDA0003455841860000024
when k is k +1, completing one-time online sequence training;
4.3 repeat step 4.2 after new data is obtained, and perform a new training round.
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CN116256592A (en) * 2022-11-28 2023-06-13 国网山东省电力公司德州供电公司 Medium-voltage distribution cable latent fault detection method and system
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CN116908632A (en) * 2023-07-19 2023-10-20 常熟理工学院 Low-voltage alternating-current series arc fault characteristic self-adaptive optimizing detection method and system
CN117540288A (en) * 2023-11-09 2024-02-09 广东石油化工学院 Reinforced extreme learning machine fault diagnosis method based on small sample unbalance learning

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