CN114034272A - Method for measuring and calculating weld penetration depth - Google Patents
Method for measuring and calculating weld penetration depth Download PDFInfo
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- CN114034272A CN114034272A CN202111290021.8A CN202111290021A CN114034272A CN 114034272 A CN114034272 A CN 114034272A CN 202111290021 A CN202111290021 A CN 202111290021A CN 114034272 A CN114034272 A CN 114034272A
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- surfacing
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004021 metal welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005536 corrosion prevention Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009658 destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/18—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring depth
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
- G01B17/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations for measuring thickness
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/0037—Measuring of dimensions of welds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B5/06—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness for measuring thickness
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring and calculating surfacing weld penetration. The method for measuring and calculating the weld penetration of the surfacing welding only needs to test the thickness of the base metal, the thickness of the surfacing layer, the content of a certain metal M in the base metal, the content of the metal M in the welding wire and the content of the metal M in the surfacing layer, and can obtain the weld penetration through simple calculation without damaging a workpiece when the parameters are obtained, so that the defects that the traditional weld penetration measurement of the surfacing welding has complicated steps, needs to damage a sample and has poor consistency are overcome.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, and particularly relates to a method for measuring and calculating surfacing weld penetration.
Background
As an economical and effective corrosion prevention technique, bead welding is widely applied to various industries, for example, in chemical and electric industries, nickel-based materials or stainless steel materials are usually bead welded on boiler pressure pipes of carbon steel, alloy steel or stainless steel for corrosion prevention protection.
During the weld overlay process, a portion of the tube base material (substrate) melts and metallurgically bonds to the weld overlay. The larger the welding parameters of the surfacing welding are, the larger the heat input of the surfacing welding is, the deeper the melting depth (i.e. the penetration depth) of the base metal is, which may affect the safety performance of the pipeline in a pressure state, so that the penetration depth in the surfacing welding process needs to be accurately detected.
In the existing mature technology, the penetration can be measured only by a method of performing destructive cutting and section grinding and polishing on a pipe and then performing macroscopic metallographic examination, a test sample is generally required to be arranged, and the measurement cannot be performed on a product, specifically, the welding is performed on the test samples with the same specification and material according to the same process, and the welding is performed by cutting and measuring. If the product has no excess material, no measurement can be made. In addition, the macroscopic metallographic examination requires a series of steps such as sampling, polishing, corroding and measuring, and the measurement cannot be performed quickly.
In summary, the conventional method for measuring and calculating the penetration is destructive testing and has more steps.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art described above. Therefore, the invention provides a method for measuring and calculating the penetration depth of overlaying welding, which can quickly measure and calculate the penetration depth of overlaying welding on the basis of not damaging a sample (nondestructive testing), and solves the problems that the existing testing method is complex and needs to damage the sample.
According to one aspect of the invention, the method for measuring and calculating the weld penetration depth of the surfacing comprises the following steps:
s1, measuring thickness T of base material before surfacing0And wherein the mass percentage content P of the metal M0(ii) a Measuring the mass percentage content P of the metal M in a welding wire used for surfacing1；
S2, measuring the total thickness T of the surfacing layer and the base metal at the surfacing position after surfacing1And the mass percentage content P of the metal M in the surfacing layer2；
S3, calculating the surfacing fusion depth t according to the formula (1):
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
t、T1and T0The units of (a) are the same.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, at least the following advantages are provided:
the traditional method for testing the weld deposit penetration comprises the steps of cutting a sample (a test article with the same texture as the sample), and carrying out macroscopic metallographic detection on a section, so that the method has the defects of complicated steps, sample damage and poor consistency (difference between different samples).
According to the method for measuring and calculating the weld penetration, only the thickness of the base metal, the thickness of the weld deposit layer, the content of metal M in the base metal, the content of metal M in the welding wire and the content of metal M in the weld deposit layer need to be tested, the weld penetration can be obtained through simple calculation, and the workpiece does not need to be damaged when the parameters are obtained, so that the defects in the traditional weld penetration measurement are overcome.
In some embodiments of the invention, the metal M comprises one of iron and chromium.
The content difference of the metal M in the base metal and the welding wire is large.
In some embodiments of the present invention, when the base metal is an iron-based metal and the welding wire is a nickel-based metal welding wire, the metal M is iron.
In some embodiments of the invention, when the base metal is a nickel-based metal and the welding wire is a stainless steel welding wire, the metal M is chromium.
In some embodiments of the invention, T, T1And T0Is usually in mm.
In some embodiments of the invention, P is obtained2And before, polishing to remove an oxide layer on the surface of the surfacing layer.
In some embodiments of the invention, test P0、P1And P2The instrument of (1) is a direct-reading spectrometer.
In some embodiments of the invention, T is measured0And T1The instrument of (2) is at least one of an ultrasonic thickness gauge and a caliper.
In some embodiments of the invention, the base material includes at least one of an iron-based metal and a nickel-based metal.
In some embodiments of the invention, the iron-based metal comprises at least one of carbon steel and alloy steel.
In some embodiments of the invention, the alloy steel comprises stainless steel.
In some embodiments of the invention, the welding wire is at least one of a nickel-based metal welding wire or a stainless steel welding wire.
In some embodiments of the invention, the welding wire is a solid wire.
In some embodiments of the invention, the method of building up includes at least one of gas metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding and submerged arc welding.
In some embodiments of the present invention, when the overlay welding is multi-layer welding, the (n-1) th overlay welding layer is regarded as the base material when the overlay welding penetration of the nth layer is calculated.
In summary, in the method for measuring and calculating the weld penetration in the build-up welding provided by the present invention, not only the penetration in the single-layer build-up welding but also the penetration in each layer in the multi-layer build-up welding can be measured and calculated by taking the most surface layer as the build-up welding layer and the sub-surface layer as the base material, and obtaining and calculating the parameters according to the requirement of the formula (1).
Therefore, the method provided by the invention has wide application range and is more flexible.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples, in which:
fig. 1 is a flowchart for measuring and calculating weld penetration in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram for measuring and calculating weld penetration in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic microscopic view of a weld deposit of a material obtained in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a macroscopic gold phase diagram of the material weld deposit obtained in example 1 of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
110. a base material;
120. welding wires;
130. overlaying a welding layer;
140. a direct-reading spectrometer;
t0, parent metal thickness;
t1, the total thickness of the overlaying layer and the base material;
t, surfacing and melting depth.
Detailed Description
The concept and technical effects of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments to fully understand the objects, features and effects of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, and all embodiments are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the meaning of a plurality is one or more, the meaning of a plurality is two or more, and the above, below, exceeding, etc. are understood as excluding the present numbers, and the above, below, within, etc. are understood as including the present numbers. If the first and second are described for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, they are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-2, the weld penetration was measured in this example;
specifically, nickel-based ERNiCrMo-3 (welding wire 120) is deposited on the surface of 20G carbon steel material (base material 110), and the thickness (T) of the deposit layer 130 is predicted1-T0) Is 2 mm; the process is as follows:
s1, measuring the wall thickness T of the base metal 110 tube by using a UT thickness gauge (ultrasonic thickness gauge)0Is 5.04 mm;
s2, measuring the surface chemical components of the base material 110 and the mass percentage content P of iron by using a handheld PMI (handheld direct-reading spectrometer 140)098.9 percent;
s3, measuring the surface chemical components of the welding wire and the mass percentage content P of iron by using the handheld PMI10.52%;
s4, overlaying welding is carried out by using a GMAW (gas metal arc welding) method, the welding position is vertical downwards, the welding current is 180A, the welding voltage is 24V, the welding speed is 40mm/s, and the heat input quantity is 108J/mm;
s5, polishing the surface of the overlaying layer obtained in the step S4 to remove an oxide layer, and measuring the surface chemical components of the overlaying layer by using the handheld PMI to obtain the mass percentage content P of iron23.67%;
s6, measuring the total thickness T of the material surfacing part obtained in the step S417.28 mm;
s7, substituting each parameter into the formula (1), and as a result, surfacing welding penetration t is 0.074 mm;
the flow chart of this embodiment is shown in fig. 1.
The schematic diagram of the present embodiment is shown in fig. 2.
The microscopic view of the sample weld deposit obtained in this example is shown in FIG. 3.
The sequence between the steps S1-S3 does not affect the measurement result and the precision;
the sequence between steps S5-S6 does not affect the measurement result and the accuracy.
In the embodiments 2 to 6, the penetration depth of the build-up welding is measured and calculated respectively, the difference between the specific process and the embodiment 1 brings the change of specific parameters such as thickness and the like for the difference of the heat input amount of the build-up welding, and the specific parameters are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 parameters of examples 1 to 6
Test examples
The test example tests the accuracy of the surfacing penetration measured and calculated in the example, and the specific test method is that the traditional method is adopted to cut the surfacing material, the macroscopic metallographic examination is carried out on the section, the average penetration is measured under a body microscope, the test result is shown in table 1, and the macroscopic metallographic examination of the section of the surfacing part of the sample obtained in the example 1 is shown in fig. 4.
The results in table 1 show that the error ((measured depth-actual depth)/actual depth) between the method for measuring and calculating the weld penetration provided by the invention and the actual test method for the weld penetration is less than 10%, which indicates that the method provided by the invention has higher accuracy; the weld penetration of the surfacing can be visually reflected.
Meanwhile, the method provided by the invention does not need to perform destructive detection on the product, and is simple and easy to implement.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Claims (10)
1. A method for measuring and calculating surfacing weld penetration is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, measuring thickness T of base material before surfacing0And wherein the mass percentage content P of the metal M0(ii) a Measuring the mass percentage content P of the metal M in a welding wire used for surfacing1；
S2, measuring the total thickness T of the surfacing layer and the base metal at the surfacing position after surfacing1And the mass percentage content P of the metal M in the surfacing layer2；
S3, calculating the surfacing fusion depth t according to the formula (1):
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
t、T1and T0The units of (a) are the same.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal M comprises one of iron and chromium.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein P is obtained2Firstly, polishing to remove an oxide layer on the surface of the surfacing layer; preferably, test P0、P1And P2The instrument of (1) is a direct-reading spectrometer.
4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that T is measured0And T1The instrument of (2) is at least one of an ultrasonic thickness gauge and a caliper.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the base material includes at least one of an iron-based metal and a nickel-based metal.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the iron-based metal comprises at least one of carbon steel and alloy steel.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the alloy steel comprises stainless steel.
8. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the welding wire is at least one of a nickel-based metal welding wire or a stainless steel welding wire; preferably, the welding wire is a solid welding wire.
9. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the method of overlaying comprises at least one of gas metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding and submerged arc welding.
10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein when the build-up welding is multi-layer welding, the (n-1) th build-up welding layer is regarded as the base material when the build-up welding penetration of the nth layer is calculated.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111290021.8A CN114034272A (en) | 2021-11-02 | 2021-11-02 | Method for measuring and calculating weld penetration depth |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111290021.8A CN114034272A (en) | 2021-11-02 | 2021-11-02 | Method for measuring and calculating weld penetration depth |
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000310521A (en) * | 1999-04-28 | 2000-11-07 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Method for measuring length of non-welded part of angular joint |
| JP2001071137A (en) * | 1999-09-06 | 2001-03-21 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Build-up welding method |
| KR100631404B1 (en) * | 2005-10-20 | 2006-10-09 | 고려용접봉 주식회사 | The laser-arc hybrid welding weldment of carbon steel, and the laser-arc hybrid welding method for the same |
| CN101082483A (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2007-12-05 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Method for on-line testing the thick of color coated band steel coating film |
| CN105571550A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-05-11 | 东旭科技集团有限公司 | Method of determining float cover plate glass flake tin surface thickness and tin surface tin contents |
| CN112255180A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2021-01-22 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for rapidly and nondestructively measuring dilution rate of surfacing |
| CN113567501A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2021-10-29 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Nondestructive testing method and device for weld penetration uniformity and cracks of tube plate plug |
-
2021
- 2021-11-02 CN CN202111290021.8A patent/CN114034272A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000310521A (en) * | 1999-04-28 | 2000-11-07 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Method for measuring length of non-welded part of angular joint |
| JP2001071137A (en) * | 1999-09-06 | 2001-03-21 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Build-up welding method |
| KR100631404B1 (en) * | 2005-10-20 | 2006-10-09 | 고려용접봉 주식회사 | The laser-arc hybrid welding weldment of carbon steel, and the laser-arc hybrid welding method for the same |
| CN101082483A (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2007-12-05 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Method for on-line testing the thick of color coated band steel coating film |
| CN105571550A (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2016-05-11 | 东旭科技集团有限公司 | Method of determining float cover plate glass flake tin surface thickness and tin surface tin contents |
| CN112255180A (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2021-01-22 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for rapidly and nondestructively measuring dilution rate of surfacing |
| CN113567501A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2021-10-29 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Nondestructive testing method and device for weld penetration uniformity and cracks of tube plate plug |
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