CN114033429A - Construction process for tunnel passing through rockburst section and low-gas-area superposed section - Google Patents
Construction process for tunnel passing through rockburst section and low-gas-area superposed section Download PDFInfo
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- CN114033429A CN114033429A CN202111339477.9A CN202111339477A CN114033429A CN 114033429 A CN114033429 A CN 114033429A CN 202111339477 A CN202111339477 A CN 202111339477A CN 114033429 A CN114033429 A CN 114033429A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010409 ironing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000246 remedial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003487 anti-permeability effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/102—Removable shuttering; Bearing or supporting devices therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
- E21F17/18—Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devices
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F7/00—Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purpose
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a construction process of a tunnel passing through a rock burst section and a low gas area superposed section, which adopts an upper and lower step excavation method and comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps that firstly, an advanced drilling method is adopted to carry out advanced geological forecast verification before tunnel main tunnel excavation; secondly, stress release is carried out on the rock burst section which is not excavated through the advance probe hole, the gas concentration of the tunnel face and the operation position is detected by using a portable gas detector, and high-pressure water spraying is carried out on the tunnel face and the tunnel wall before normal excavation; firstly, drilling eleven ultra-deep blastholes; fourthly, firstly, gas detection is carried out by using the ultra-deep blastholes, and then eleven ultra-deep blastholes and a common blasthole are filled with explosives for blasting after the requirements are met; fifthly, performing primary support after the tunnel face is excavated; sixthly, constructing a gas isolation layer; and seventhly, performing secondary lining on the inner surface of the gas isolation layer by adopting C35 concrete doped with the air-tight agent. The invention can effectively reduce the risk of accidents and ensure safe construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a construction process of a tunnel passing through a rockburst section and a low-gas-area superposed section.
Background
In recent years, the construction of highways and high-speed railways in the southwest area of China is vigorously developed, a large number of tunnel projects are generated, the tunnel is inevitably subjected to various unfavorable geological sections in the tunneling process, the safety of tunnel operators is threatened, the normal operation of the tunnel is influenced, and serious hidden dangers are brought to the life and property safety of people. The unfavorable geology is manifested by fracture zones, rock bursts, water-bursting mud-bursting, karsts, gas, and the like, among others. When multiple unfavorable geological overlaps occur, technical and management risks are increased for the construction of the tunnel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a construction process for a tunnel passing through a rock burst section and a low gas area superposed section, which can effectively reduce the risk of accidents and ensure safe construction.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows: a construction process for a tunnel passing through a rockburst section and a low gas area superposed section is constructed by adopting an upper step and a lower step excavation method and comprises the following steps:
before a tunnel main tunnel at a rock burst section and a low-gas area overlapping section is excavated, adopting a geological radar method and a forepoling method to carry out forepoling verification, and preliminarily judging whether a front part contains a coal bed or gas, wherein the forepoling method is to uniformly drill five forepoling holes on a tunnel face by adopting a full-hydraulic tunnel drilling machine for a coal mine, uniformly distributing four forepoling holes along an excavation contour line, distributing a forepoling hole on a tunnel center line, the camber angle of the four forepoling holes on the excavation contour line is 10 degrees, and one forepoling hole on the tunnel center line is vertical to the tunnel face; the length of the pilot hole is 100m each time, and 20m of the pilot hole is reserved for the next excavation cyclic drilling;
secondly, stress release is carried out on the rock burst section which is not excavated through the advanced probing hole, the gas concentration of the tunnel face and the working position is detected at any time by utilizing the advanced probing hole and the portable gas detector, and normal excavation can be carried out if no gas exists or the gas concentration is less than 0.5%; before normal excavation, spraying water at high pressure on a tunnel face and a tunnel wall to soften the rock wall;
step three, before carrying out blasthole drilling in each excavation cycle, at least eleven blastholes are selected for deepening to form ultra-deep blastholes; firstly, adopting a wet rock drill to drill eleven ultra-deep blastholes, wherein the diameter of the ultra-deep blastholes is the same as that of a common blasthole, and the depth of the ultra-deep blastholes is not less than 5.0 m;
step four, firstly, carrying out gas detection by using the ultra-deep blastholes, detecting whether the gas concentration of the excavation working face reaches the standard, when the ultra-deep blastholes detect that the gas concentration is lower than 0.5%, then, adopting a wet rock drill to strike other common blastholes, then, starting to charge explosives for eleven ultra-deep blastholes and all the common blastholes for blasting, adopting an explosion-proof special exploder for electric explosion, adopting forward explosion during explosion, and then, carrying out tunnel face excavation;
fifthly, after the tunnel face is excavated, carrying out primary support, firstly spraying C25 airtight sprayed concrete to the rock wall, erecting a reinforcing mesh and a steel arch after the spraying thickness is 2-4 cm, and then spraying C25 airtight sprayed concrete again to cover the steel arch; the total thickness of the C25 airtight sprayed concrete is not less than the design thickness, and the air permeability coefficient of the C25 airtight sprayed concrete is not more than 10-10～-11cm/s; then adopt againDrilling an anchor rod hole by using a special anchor rod machine, wherein the anchor rod hole is vertical to a rock surface, the diameter of the anchor rod hole is 15mm larger than that of an anchor rod, after the hole is formed, high-pressure air is used for blowing floating soil and broken stones in the anchor rod hole clean, the depth, the angle and the distance of the anchor rod hole are checked, if the depth, the angle and the distance of the anchor rod hole do not meet the standard requirements, a remedial measure is adopted to ensure that the depth of the anchor rod hole meets the design requirements, then the anchor rod is quickly inserted into the bottom of the anchor rod hole after the anchor rod hole is filled with mortar, the anchor rod hole is fully squeezed with the mortar, and after the mortar reaches certain strength, an anchor rod base plate is installed and screwed down by using a nut;
constructing a gas isolation layer, wherein the gas isolation layer adopts a full-enclosed structure, namely an inverted arch, a side wall and an arch part are annularly and fully enclosed; the gas isolation layer consists of geotextile and a waterproof plate; the lap width of the geotextile is not less than 5cm, and the geotextile is required to be closely attached to the surface of concrete when being laid; the waterproof board is a PVC board; fixing the geotextile to a preset position by using a cloth hanging trolley, and fixing the geotextile on an initial support surface by using a hot-melt liner and a shooting nail, wherein the hot-melt liner and the shooting nail are arranged according to a quincunx shape; the waterproof board is laid without nails, namely, the plastic washer is fixed on the outer surface of the geotextile by shooting nails, and then the waterproof board is welded on the plastic washer; the joint of the waterproof boards is formed by adopting an automatic welding line of a heat sealing machine, and is welded by adopting double welding lines through hot ironing, the effective welding line width of a single welding line is not less than 2.5cm, and the edge lapping width of the two layers of waterproof boards is not less than 12 cm;
and seventhly, performing secondary lining on the inner surface of the waterproof board, constructing by adopting a full-section one-step forming method, and adopting C35 concrete doped with the air-tight agent and having the anti-permeability grade not less than P8.
In the construction process of the tunnel passing through the rockburst section and the low-gas-area superposed section, the eleven ultra-deep blastholes are arranged in the following mode when the step three is carried out: six and five are arranged on the upper part and the lower part of the excavation boundary of the upper step and the lower step in a one-to-one correspondence mode.
And in the construction process of the tunnel passing through the rockburst section and the low-gas-area superposed section, in the sixth step, the air tightness of each welding line of the waterproof plate is checked, the inflation is stopped when the pressure reaches 0.25MPa, the pressure is kept for more than 15 minutes, the pressure is reduced within 10 percent, and the quality of the welding line is qualified.
And the construction process of the tunnel passing through the rockburst section and the low-gas area superposed section comprises the step seven, concrete is poured in a layered and windowing mode, pumped concrete is poured from bottom to top in a warehouse in a layered and symmetrical mode from the joint of the poured section to the non-pouring direction, and the deformation of the template caused by bias pressure is prevented.
The construction method of the construction process of the tunnel penetrating through the rock burst section and the low gas area superposed section has the following characteristics:
1) the detection mode combining drilling advanced hole detection and a gas automatic monitoring system is adopted, so that all-dimensional and all-weather detection is realized, the risk of accidents can be effectively reduced, and safe construction is ensured;
2) stress release of a rock burst section is carried out by utilizing the advanced exploration hole, a damage zone is formed in the surrounding rock, stress of a tunnel wall and a tunnel face is reduced, namely a low-elasticity area is formed, high stress is transferred to the deep part of the surrounding rock, meanwhile, plasticity of a rock body is increased by sprinkling water on the tunnel face, brittleness of the rock body is weakened, the intensity of rock burst is reduced, collision sparks are avoided, secondary disasters caused by rock burst are reduced, and construction safety is improved;
3) through increasing the gas isolation layer with low costs that comprises geotechnological cloth and waterproof board on initial stage retaining surface, the gas isolation layer adopts full package structure to add means such as air-tight agent in secondary lining's concrete, effectively block the gaseous outward transmission passageway of gas, ensure the safety of tunnel during construction and operation, can also accelerate the construction progress.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the arrangement of advanced exploration holes in the construction process of a tunnel passing through a rockburst section and a low gas zone overlapping section according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a layout diagram of ultra-deep blastholes in the third step of the construction process of the tunnel passing through the rock burst section and the low gas zone superposed section;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the tunnel after seven steps of the construction process of the tunnel passing through the rockburst section and the low gas zone overlapping section are performed.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the construction process of the tunnel passing through the rock burst section and the low gas zone overlapping section of the invention adopts an upper and lower step excavation method for construction, and comprises the following steps:
firstly, before a tunnel main tunnel of a rock burst section and a low gas area superposition section is excavated, a geological radar method is combined with a advanced drilling method to carry out advanced geological forecast verification, and whether a front part contains a coal bed or gas is preliminarily judged; the advanced drilling method is that a full-hydraulic tunnel drilling machine for coal mines is adopted to uniformly drill five advanced probing holes 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 on the tunnel face, the aperture of the advanced probing hole is phi 76mm, four advanced probing holes 11, 12, 13 and 14 are uniformly distributed along the excavation contour line, one advanced probing hole 15 is arranged on the tunnel center line, the camber angle of the four advanced probing holes 11, 12, 13 and 14 on the excavation contour line is 10 degrees, and one advanced probing hole 15 on the tunnel center line is vertical to the tunnel face; drilling a pilot hole with the length of 100m each time, and reserving the length of 20m for the next excavation cycle drilling (see figure 1);
stress release is carried out on the rock burst section which is not excavated through the five advanced probing holes, the gas concentration of the tunnel face and the working position is detected at any time by utilizing the advanced probing holes and the portable gas detector, and normal excavation can be carried out if no gas exists or the gas concentration is less than 0.5%; before normal excavation, high-pressure water spraying is carried out on the tunnel face and the tunnel wall so as to increase the plasticity of the rock mass, weaken the brittleness of the rock mass, reduce the rockburst intensity, avoid collision sparks and avoid the possibility of gas explosion;
step three, before carrying out blasthole drilling in each excavation cycle, deepening at least eleven blastholes to form ultra-deep blastholes 20; the eleven ultra-deep blastholes 20 are arranged in the following manner: six and five excavation boundary lines are correspondingly arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the excavation boundary line of the upper step and the lower step one by one; firstly, adopting a wet rock drill to drill eleven ultra-deep blastholes 20, wherein the diameter of the ultra-deep blastholes 20 is the same as that of a common blasthole, the diameter is phi 42mm, and the depth of the ultra-deep blastholes 20 is not less than 5.0 m;
step four, firstly, the ultra-deep blast hole 20 is used for gas detection, whether the gas concentration of the excavated working face reaches the standard or not is detected, the surrounding rock and gas content conditions of the next circulating face can be further judged, and pre-judgment measures are favorably adopted; when the ultra-deep blastholes 20 detect that the gas concentration is lower than 0.5%, then adopting a wet rock drill to drill other common blastholes, then starting to blast the eleven ultra-deep blastholes 20 and all the common blastholes with explosives, adopting an explosion-proof special exploder to perform electric explosion, and adopting forward explosion during explosion so as to effectively prevent gas explosion caused by gas preheated by gaseous explosives; then, excavating the tunnel face;
fifthly, after the tunnel face is excavated, carrying out primary support, firstly spraying C25 airtight sprayed concrete to the rock wall, erecting a reinforcing mesh and a steel arch after the spraying thickness is 2-4 cm, and then spraying C25 airtight sprayed concrete again to cover the steel arch; the total thickness of the C25 airtight sprayed concrete is not less than the design thickness, and the air permeability coefficient of the C25 airtight sprayed concrete is not more than 10-10～-11cm/s; drilling an anchor rod hole by adopting a special anchor rod machine, wherein the anchor rod hole is vertical to the rock surface, the diameter of the anchor rod hole is phi 42mm and is 15mm larger than the diameter of the anchor rod, after the hole is formed, floating soil and broken stones in the anchor rod hole are blown clean by high-pressure air, the depth, the angle and the distance of the anchor rod hole are checked, if the depth, the angle and the distance of the anchor rod hole do not meet the standard requirements, a remedial measure is adopted to ensure that the depth of the anchor rod hole meets the design requirements, then the anchor rod is rapidly inserted into the bottom of the anchor rod hole after the anchor rod hole is filled with mortar, the mortar is squeezed into the anchor rod hole, and after the mortar reaches certain strength, an anchor rod base plate is installed and is screwed by using a nut;
constructing a gas isolation layer, wherein the gas isolation layer adopts a full-enclosed structure, namely, the gas isolation layer is annularly and fully enclosed on an inverted arch, a side wall and an arch part of the tunnel; the gas isolation layer is composed of geotextile and waterproof board which are laid on the primary support surface in sequence; the geotextile adopts 400g/m2The overlapping width of the geofabric is not less than 5cm, and the geofabric is required to be closely attached to the initial support surface when being laid; the waterproof board is a PVC board with the thickness of 1.5 mm; first, the geotextile is fixed to a preset position by using a cloth hanging trolleyThe position, then fix geotechnological cloth on the initial stage retaining surface with hot melt liner and penetrating the nail, hot melt liner and penetrating the nail and arrange according to the quincunx type, the interval is: the arch part is 0.5m, the side wall is 0.7m, the bottom is 1.0m, and the arch part is properly encrypted in the concave part; the waterproof board is laid without nails, namely, the plastic washer is fixed on the outer surface of the geotextile by shooting nails, and then the waterproof board is welded on the plastic washer; the joint of the waterproof boards is formed by adopting an automatic welding line of a heat sealing machine, and is welded by adopting double welding lines through hot ironing, the effective welding line width of a single welding line is not less than 2.5cm, and the edge lapping width of the two layers of waterproof boards is not less than 12 cm; then, performing air tightness inspection on each welding line of the waterproof plate, namely, aligning the welding line position to inflate, stopping inflating when the pressure reaches 0.25MPa, keeping the pressure for more than 15 minutes, and reducing the pressure within 10 percent, namely, indicating that the welding line quality is qualified; the transmission channel of the gas can be effectively blocked, and the gas is prevented from permeating into the tunnel; ensuring the safety of the tunnel during construction and operation;
step seven, performing secondary lining on the inner surface of the waterproof board, constructing by adopting a full-section one-step forming method, and adopting C35 concrete (shown in figure 4) which has the impermeability grade not less than P8 and is doped with an air sealing agent, so that a gas isolation layer can be formed preliminarily, and free gas is prevented from diffusing into the tunnel; the concrete is poured in layers and in windows, the pumped concrete is poured symmetrically from the joint of the poured section to the non-pouring direction from bottom to top in layers, and the deformation of the template caused by bias pressure is prevented.
According to different grades of surrounding rocks, in the excavation footage process of a tunnel gas work area, in order to reduce the gas overflow length, when the tunnel surrounding rocks are good, full-section excavation is adopted, and the excavation footage is not more than 3 m; when the tunnel surrounding rock is poor, excavating by adopting a short step method, wherein the excavation footage is 1.2-1.6 m (two trusses), and the step length is 15-20 m; the lining range of the emergency parking area adopts three-step excavation, and the excavation depth is 0.6-0.8 m (one roof).
Distance from secondary lining to tunnel face: the III-grade surrounding rock is not more than 100 m; the IV-grade surrounding rock is not more than 90m, and the V-grade surrounding rock is not more than 70 m.
The above embodiments are provided only for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and therefore all equivalent technical solutions should also fall within the scope of the present invention, and should be defined by the claims.
Claims (4)
1. A construction process for a tunnel passing through a rockburst section and a low gas area superposed section is constructed by adopting an upper step and a lower step excavation method, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
before a tunnel main tunnel at a rock burst section and a low-gas area overlapping section is excavated, adopting a geological radar method and a forepoling method to carry out forepoling verification, and preliminarily judging whether a front part contains a coal bed or gas, wherein the forepoling method is to uniformly drill five forepoling holes on a tunnel face by adopting a full-hydraulic tunnel drilling machine for a coal mine, uniformly distributing four forepoling holes along an excavation contour line, distributing a forepoling hole on a tunnel center line, the camber angle of the four forepoling holes on the excavation contour line is 10 degrees, and one forepoling hole on the tunnel center line is vertical to the tunnel face; the length of the pilot hole is 100m each time, and 20m of the pilot hole is reserved for the next excavation cyclic drilling;
secondly, stress release is carried out on the rock burst section which is not excavated through the advanced probing hole, the gas concentration of the tunnel face and the working position is detected at any time by utilizing the advanced probing hole and the portable gas detector, and normal excavation can be carried out if no gas exists or the gas concentration is less than 0.5%; before normal excavation, spraying water at high pressure on a tunnel face and a tunnel wall to soften the rock wall;
step three, before carrying out blasthole drilling in each excavation cycle, at least eleven blastholes are selected for deepening to form ultra-deep blastholes; firstly, adopting a wet rock drill to drill eleven ultra-deep blastholes, wherein the diameter of the ultra-deep blastholes is the same as that of a common blasthole, and the depth of the ultra-deep blastholes is not less than 5.0 m;
step four, firstly, carrying out gas detection by using the ultra-deep blastholes, detecting whether the gas concentration of the excavation working face reaches the standard, when the ultra-deep blastholes detect that the gas concentration is lower than 0.5%, then, adopting a wet rock drill to strike other common blastholes, then, starting to charge explosives for eleven ultra-deep blastholes and all the common blastholes for blasting, adopting an explosion-proof special exploder for electric explosion, adopting forward explosion during explosion, and then, carrying out tunnel face excavation;
fifthly, after the tunnel face is excavated, carrying out primary support, firstly spraying C25 airtight sprayed concrete to the rock wall, erecting a reinforcing mesh and a steel arch after the spraying thickness is 2-4 cm, and then spraying C25 airtight sprayed concrete again to cover the steel arch; the total thickness of the C25 airtight sprayed concrete is not less than the design thickness, and the air permeability coefficient of the C25 airtight sprayed concrete is not more than 10-10～-11cm/s; drilling an anchor rod hole by adopting a special anchor rod machine, wherein the anchor rod hole is vertical to the rock surface, the diameter of the anchor rod hole is 15mm larger than that of the anchor rod, after the hole is formed, high-pressure air is used for blowing away floating soil and broken stones in the anchor rod hole, the depth, the angle and the distance of the anchor rod hole are checked, if the depth, the angle and the distance of the anchor rod hole do not meet the standard requirements, a remedial measure is adopted to ensure that the depth of the anchor rod hole meets the design requirements, then the anchor rod is quickly inserted into the bottom of the anchor rod hole after the anchor rod hole is filled with mortar, the anchor rod hole is fully squeezed with the mortar, and after the mortar reaches certain strength, an anchor rod base plate is installed and screwed tightly by using a nut;
constructing a gas isolation layer, wherein the gas isolation layer adopts a full-enclosed structure, namely an inverted arch, a side wall and an arch part are annularly and fully enclosed; the gas isolation layer consists of geotextile and a waterproof plate; the lap width of the geotextile is not less than 5cm, and the geotextile is required to be closely attached to the surface of concrete when being laid; the waterproof board is a PVC board; fixing the geotextile to a preset position by using a cloth hanging trolley, and fixing the geotextile on an initial support surface by using a hot-melt liner and a shooting nail, wherein the hot-melt liner and the shooting nail are arranged according to a quincunx shape; the waterproof board is laid without nails, namely, the plastic washer is fixed on the outer surface of the geotextile by shooting nails, and then the waterproof board is welded on the plastic washer; the joint of the waterproof boards is formed by adopting an automatic welding line of a heat sealing machine, and is welded by adopting double welding lines through hot ironing, the effective welding line width of a single welding line is not less than 2.5cm, and the edge lapping width of the two layers of waterproof boards is not less than 12 cm;
and seventhly, performing secondary lining on the inner surface of the waterproof board, constructing by adopting a full-section one-step forming method, and adopting C35 concrete doped with the air-tight agent and having the anti-permeability grade not less than P8.
2. The construction process of the tunnel passing through the rockburst section and the low-gas-area superposed section according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, eleven ultra-deep blastholes are arranged in the following manner: six and five are arranged on the upper part and the lower part of the excavation boundary of the upper step and the lower step in a one-to-one correspondence mode.
3. The construction process of the tunnel passing through the rockburst section and the low-gas-area overlapped section according to claim 1, wherein in the sixth step, the air tightness of each welding line of the waterproof plate is checked, when the pressure reaches 0.25MPa, the inflation is stopped, the pressure is maintained for more than 15 minutes, the pressure is reduced within 10%, and the quality of the welding line is qualified.
4. The construction process of a tunnel passing through a rockburst section and a low gas area superposition section according to claim 1, wherein in the seventh step, concrete is poured in layers and in windows, and pumped from bottom to top and symmetrically poured in layers from a joint of a poured section to a non-pouring direction, so as to prevent the deformation of the template due to bias pressure.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111339477.9A CN114033429A (en) | 2021-11-12 | 2021-11-12 | Construction process for tunnel passing through rockburst section and low-gas-area superposed section |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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