Refining method of delafloxacin and intermediate thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of medicine synthesis, and particularly provides a refining method of delafloxacin and an intermediate thereof, wherein a mixed acid of sulfuric acid is used as a reaction reagent.
Background
The chemical name of delafloxacin is: 1- (6-amino-3, 5-difluoropyridin-2-yl) -8-chloro-6-fluoro-7- (3-hydroxyazetidin-1-yl) -4-oxo-1, 4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid, having the structural formula 1, the corresponding meglumine salt thereof having the structure of formula 2:
delafloxacin, the latest generation of broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial drugs, was first developed by Wakunaga pharmaceutical company, japan, later granted to Melinta pharmaceutical company, usa for development, and approved by FDA in usa for marketing on 19/6/2017. It is mainly used for treating acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection caused by susceptible bacteria. Compared with other fluoroquinolone antibacterial drugs, delafloxacin has more excellent gram-positive bacteria resistance activity, and particularly has methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus resistance to other quinolone antibacterial drugs. In addition, delafloxacin can keep the activity under an acidic condition, and the characteristic can effectively eliminate staphylococcus aureus in an acidic environment, thereby playing an important role in treating skin infection, respiratory tract infection, urinary system infection and the like.
For the synthesis of delafloxacin, there are currently two main approaches:
first process (WO1997011068a 1):
the delafloxacin is obtained by taking 3-chloro-2, 4, 5-trifluorobenzoic acid as a starting material through multi-step reaction by Wakunaga pharmaceutical company of Japan, but the starting material is high in price and is not easy to purchase, and excessive impurities are generated through high-temperature cyclization and high-temperature hydrolysis in the reaction synthesis step, so that the product purity is reduced, and the delafloxacin is not suitable for industrial production.
Second method (WO2006015194a 2):
the method is synthesized by Abbott pharmaceutical company of America by taking 2,4, 5-trifluorobenzoic acid as a starting material through reaction, but the critical step, namely the penultimate chlorination reaction, causes the increase of impurities, and the hydrolysis reaction temperature of the later step reaches 50 ℃, and the product impurities are increased and the product purity is reduced. More unfortunately, after the delafloxacin product is separated after the reaction is completed, an impurity with an area as high as 0.43 percent appears at a relative retention time of 1.60 by HPLC, and the impurity is difficult to remove in the final salt-forming reaction, so that the delafloxacin meglumine synthesized by the method cannot reach the medicinal grade. This Impurity was identified in Hanselmann, R. et al, the < < Identification and presentation of a Dimer injection in the Development of Delafloxacin > >, Organic Process Research & Development, vol.13, pages 54-59(2009), which was experimentally verified to be identified as a Dimer of Delafloxacin having the formula shown in FIG. 3:
it is pointed out in this context that the main cause of the impurity is the opening of the azetidine ring in the compound of formula a-7 due to the use of a sulphuric acid reagent in the chlorination reaction, which in turn produces the impurity after the completion of the latter hydrolysis reaction.
CN102164912B discloses a process for preparing delafloxacin compounds and making the content of delafloxacin dimer impurity produced therein less than 0.40%. Although this method allows effective control of the amount of the dimer impurity of delafloxacin, it is still not suitable for scale-up of industrial production, and therefore, a more optimized method is sought to drastically reduce the production of the dimer impurity and further improve the purity of the product.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing delafloxacin and an intermediate thereof, which can thoroughly inhibit the generation of dimer impurities of delafloxacin during large-scale production, obtain the delafloxacin with ultrahigh purity and high yield, meet the requirement of medicinal use and is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
In view of the above-mentioned cause of the production of delafloxacin dimer impurity, the present inventors have attempted to investigate the chlorination reaction step and the hydrolysis reaction step for forming delafloxacin from the compound of formula a-6. The inventors have surprisingly found that when a mixed acid of sulfuric acid is used as a reagent for chlorination reaction, the production of delafloxacin dimer impurity can be completely avoided and finally ultra-high purity high yield delafloxacin is obtained.
To achieve the object of the present invention, there is provided a process for preparing a compound of formula a-7:
reacting the compound of the formula A-6 with mixed acid of a chlorinating agent and sulfuric acid to obtain a compound of a formula A-7,
the reaction formula is shown as the following formula:
preferably, the chlorinating agent is N-chlorosuccinimide.
Preferably, the mixed acid of the sulfuric acid is a mixed acid of sulfuric acid and an organic acid, the organic acid is one or more selected from citric acid, picric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid and tartaric acid, and the mixed acid of sulfuric acid and citric acid is preferred. For example, the mixed acid of sulfuric acid and citric acid is prepared by mixing sulfuric acid and citric acid in a methyl acetate solution at room temperature.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the chlorinating reagent to the compound of formula a-6 is (1-2): 1, further preferably, the molar ratio of the compounds of formula a-6 is (1.16-1.20): 1, more preferably, the molar ratio of the compound of formula A-6 is 1.18: 1.
Preferably, the molar ratio of the mixed acid of the sulfuric acid to the intermediate I is (0.005-0.1): 1, further preferably (0.01 to 0.05): 1, more preferably (0.016-0.02): 1; wherein the molar ratio of sulfuric acid to the organic acid is 2 or more, and more preferably 3.
Preferably, the reaction solvent is selected from dimethyl sulfoxide, ethanol, methanol, tetrahydrofuran, dichloroethane, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, acetonitrile, acetone, n-heptane, n-hexane and a combination of two or more thereof, and more preferably ethyl acetate.
Preferably, the reaction temperature is controlled to be 10-35 ℃.
Further, the compound of formula a-7 undergoes a hydrolysis reaction to obtain a compound of formula 1, wherein the reaction formula is shown as follows:
the hydrolysis reaction uses hydroxide alkali as hydrolysis reagent, wherein the hydroxide alkali is selected from lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide and a combination of two or more of the above, preferably potassium hydroxide.
The temperature of the hydrolysis reaction is controlled to be 10-35 ℃.
Further, the invention provides a detection method of delafloxacin, which comprises the following steps:
performing high performance liquid chromatography with octadecylsilane chemically bonded silica as filler; the mobile phase A is 80% methanol acetonitrile solution, the mobile phase B is 50mM ammonium acetate solution, the detection wavelength is 290nm, the flow rate is 0.5ml per minute, the column temperature is 30 ℃, and gradient elution is carried out according to the following table 1:
TABLE 1
Time (minutes)
|
Mobile phase A (%)
|
Mobile phase B (%)
|
0
|
35
|
65
|
17
|
38
|
62
|
20
|
40
|
60
|
30
|
50
|
50
|
49
|
65
|
35
|
55
|
90
|
10
|
60
|
35
|
65 |
According to the HPLC detection method provided above, the content of delafloxacin and the content of impurities such as delafloxacin dimer can be detected by using delafloxacin finally synthesized as a sample.
The invention has the advantages of
Compared with the existing refining method of delafloxacin, the technical scheme of the invention can thoroughly avoid the generation of dimer impurities of delafloxacin. In addition, the hydrolysis reaction temperature for generating the delafloxacin by the compound in the formula A-7 is 10-35 ℃, and is milder under the condition of obtaining the same effect compared with the hydrolysis reaction temperature in the existing delafloxacin synthesis method which is higher than 50 ℃, so that the process operation is facilitated, the generation of impurities is further reduced, the delafloxacin with ultrahigh purity and high yield is obtained through reaction, the purity of the delafloxacin can reach more than 99.6%, and the delafloxacin is more suitable for industrial amplification production.
Drawings
Figure 1 shows the HPLC mapping of the delafloxacin dimer impurity.
Figure 2 shows the HPLC profile of the preparation of industrial scale quantities of delafloxacin.
Detailed Description
For better understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to specific examples, which are only for the purpose of facilitating understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as specifically limiting the present invention.
Example 1 preparation of delafloxacin
A1L reaction flask was charged with 50.0g of the compound of formula A-6 and 150ml of ethyl acetate, and the temperature was controlled at 10-35 ℃. The NCS solution (prepared by adding 15.6g of NCS to a mixed solution of 0.13g of sulfuric acid and 0.09g of citric acid in 250ml of methyl acetate) was added dropwise, and after reaction for 6 to 10 hours after completion of the addition, the resulting mixture was washed with 250g of a 1.5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and 140g of 10% aqueous sodium sulfite solution, and the solvent was evaporated in vacuo to give 51.0g of the compound of formula A-7 in a yield of 95.7%. Then 30g of the compound shown in the formula A-7, 240g of isopropanol and a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution (9.1g of potassium hydroxide is dissolved in 225g of water) are added into a reaction bottle, the temperature is controlled to be 10-35 ℃, after reaction is carried out for 3h, 143g of a 12% acetic acid solution is added, stirring is carried out for 1h, suction filtration and drying are carried out to obtain 23.7g of delafloxacin, the yield is 96.1%, the purity is 99.9%, and no delafloxacin dimer impurity is detected.
Example 2 preparation of delafloxacin
A1L reaction flask was charged with 50.0g of the compound of formula A-6 and 150ml of ethyl acetate, and the temperature was controlled at 10-35 ℃. The NCS solution (prepared by adding 15.6g of NCS to a mixed solution of 0.04g of sulfuric acid and 0.26g of citric acid in 250ml of methyl acetate) was added dropwise, and after reaction for 6 to 10 hours after the addition, the resulting solution was washed with 250g of a 1.5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and 140g of 10% aqueous sodium sulfite solution, and the solvent was evaporated in vacuo to give 49.6g of the compound of formula A-7 in a yield of 93%. Then 30g of the compound shown in the formula A-7, 240g of isopropanol and a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution (9.1g of potassium hydroxide is dissolved in 225g of water) are added into a reaction bottle, the temperature is controlled to be 10-35 ℃, after reaction is carried out for 3h, 143g of a 12% acetic acid solution is added, after stirring for 1h, suction filtration and drying are carried out to obtain 22.1g of delafloxacin, the yield is 89.8%, the purity is 99.0%, and no delafloxacin dimer impurity is detected.
Example 3 preparation of delafloxacin
A1L reaction flask was charged with 50.0g of the compound of formula A-6 and 150ml of ethyl acetate, and the temperature was controlled at 10-35 ℃. The NCS solution (prepared by adding 15.6g of NCS to a mixed solution of 0.34g of citric acid and 250ml of methyl acetate) was added dropwise, and after completion of the addition and reaction for 6 to 10 hours, the resulting mixture was washed with 250g of a 1.5% aqueous solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate and 140g of 10% aqueous solution of sodium sulfite, respectively, and the solvents were evaporated in vacuo to give 48.5g of the compound of formula A-7 in a yield of 91.0%. Then 30g of the compound shown in the formula A-7, 240g of isopropanol and a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution (9.1g of potassium hydroxide is dissolved in 225g of water) are added into a reaction bottle, the temperature is controlled to be 10-35 ℃, after reaction is carried out for 3h, 143g of a 12% acetic acid solution is added, stirring is carried out for 1h, and then suction filtration and drying are carried out to obtain 20.0g of delafloxacin, wherein the yield is 81.1%, and the purity is 92.1%.
Example 4 preparation of delafloxacin
A1L reaction flask was charged with 50.0g of the compound of formula A-6 and 150ml of ethyl acetate, and the temperature was controlled at 10-35 ℃. The NCS solution (prepared by adding 15.6g of NCS to a mixed solution of 0.13g of sulfuric acid and 0.07g of tartaric acid in 250ml of methyl acetate) was added dropwise, and after completion of the addition and reaction for 6 to 10 hours, the resulting mixture was washed with 250g of a 1.5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and 140g of 10% aqueous sodium sulfite solution, and the solvents were evaporated in vacuo to give 49.6g of the compound of formula A-7 in a yield of 93%. Then 30g of the compound shown in the formula A-7, 240g of isopropanol and a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution (9.1g of potassium hydroxide is dissolved in 225g of water) are added into a reaction bottle, the temperature is controlled to be 10-35 ℃, after reaction is carried out for 3h, 143g of a 12% acetic acid solution is added, after stirring for 1h, suction filtration and drying are carried out to obtain 22.5g of delafloxacin, the yield is 91.6%, the purity is 98.8%, and no delafloxacin dimer impurity is detected.
Example 5, preparation of delafloxacin, dosing on an industrial scale, i.e. above the kg scale.
50kg of the compound of formula A-6 and 150L of ethyl acetate are added to a 1000L reaction flask, and the temperature is controlled at 10-35 ℃. The NCS solution was added dropwise (this was accomplished by adding 15.6kg of NCS to a mixed solution of 130g of sulfuric acid and 90g of citric acid in 250L of methyl acetate), and after completion of the addition and reaction for 6 to 10 hours, the resulting mixture was washed with 250kg of a 1.5% aqueous solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate and 140kg of 10% aqueous solution of sodium sulfite, respectively, and the solvents were evaporated in vacuo to give 50.5kg of the compound of formula A-7 in a yield of 94.6%. Then 30kg of the compound shown in the formula A-7, 240kg of isopropanol and a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution (9.1kg of potassium hydroxide is dissolved in 225kg of water) are added into a reaction bottle, the temperature is controlled to be 10-35 ℃, after reaction is carried out for 3h, 143kg of 12% acetic acid solution is added, stirring is carried out for 1h, suction filtration and drying are carried out to obtain 23.9kg of delafloxacin, the yield is 96.9%, the purity is 99.6%, and no delafloxacin dimer impurity is detected. The HPLC positioning spectrum of the delafloxacin dimer impurity is shown in figure 1, and the corresponding spectrum data are shown in the following table 2; the HPLC detection spectrum of the prepared delafloxacin is shown in fig. 2, and the corresponding spectrum data are shown in the following table 3.
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
Comparative example 1 preparation of delafloxacin into a 1L reaction flask were added 50.0g of the compound of formula A-6 and 150ml of ethyl acetate, and the temperature was controlled at 10-35 ℃. The NCS solution (prepared by adding 15.6g of NCS to a mixed solution of 0.17g of sulfuric acid and 250ml of methyl acetate) was added dropwise, and after completion of the addition and reaction for 6 to 10 hours, the resulting mixture was washed with 250g of a 1.5% aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and 140g of 10% aqueous sodium sulfite solution, and the solvents were evaporated in vacuo to give 46.1g of the compound of formula A-7 in 86.3% yield. Then 30g of the compound shown in the formula A-7, 240g of isopropanol and a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution (9.1g of potassium hydroxide is dissolved in 225g of water) are added into a reaction bottle, the temperature is controlled to be 10-35 ℃, after reaction is carried out for 3h, 143g of a 12% acetic acid solution is added, after stirring for 1h, suction filtration and drying are carried out to obtain 22.1g of delafloxacin, the yield is 89.7%, the purity is 94.2%, and 0.3% of delafloxacin dimer impurities are detected.