CN114031350B - Solid waste base heavy concrete and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Solid waste base heavy concrete and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114031350B CN114031350B CN202111485439.4A CN202111485439A CN114031350B CN 114031350 B CN114031350 B CN 114031350B CN 202111485439 A CN202111485439 A CN 202111485439A CN 114031350 B CN114031350 B CN 114031350B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00241—Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00258—Electromagnetic wave absorbing or shielding materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00241—Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/0031—Heavy materials, e.g. concrete used as ballast material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00862—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for nuclear applications, e.g. ray-absorbing concrete
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/24—Sea water resistance
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides solid waste heavy concrete which comprises the following components: portland cement, steel slag counterweight admixture, steel slag sand, steel slag coarse aggregate, scrap iron, magnetic iron, magnetite, additive and water. The invention also provides a preparation method of the solid waste base heavy concrete, which utilizes the characteristics of high specific gravity and micro-apparent activity of the steel slag as a weight-balancing cement admixture, adds the steel slag sand to play the role of 'balls', improves the mixing property and the fluidity of the heavy concrete, and can be used for the fields of anti-floating weight engineering, radiation protection engineering, ocean engineering and the like. The solid waste based heavy concrete fully exerts the advantages of high specific gravity of steel slag, iron filings and the like, saves natural resources such as iron ore, barite and the like, and synergistically consumes the steel slag and the iron filings, so that waste is changed into valuable, the solid waste based heavy concrete conforms to the policy of recycling economy, and the solid waste based heavy concrete has good industrialization prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building materials, in particular to solid waste base weight concrete and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The volume weight of the common concrete produced by the conventional sandstone is generally 2320-2450 kg/m 3 Meanwhile, the engineering requirements of special fields such as underground anti-floating weight engineering, radiation protection engineering, ocean engineering and the like are difficult to meet. In this respect, materials with large volume weight are usually adopted at home and abroad to partially or completely replace aggregates in common concrete, so that the volume weight of the concrete is improved, and the concrete with high specific gravity is obtained. The materials with large volume weight mainly include iron ore, iron placer, barite, iron nuggets, zinc nuggets, lead nuggets, etc., however, the materials with high specific gravity are mostly natural oresUnder the current social situation of resource conservation and environmental protection, the materials are expensive, so that the production cost is increased, the enterprise benefit is reduced, and the development trend of resource conservation and environmental protection is violated.
The steel slag is used as a byproduct generated in the steel-making process, and a small amount of iron components are brought in the forming process in a mode of iron-in-slag and iron-in-slag, so that the specific gravity of the steel slag is far higher than that of common sandstone aggregate; scrap iron is waste slag generated in the machining process, is generally treated by a metal recovery briquetting and abandoning landfill method, but pollutes the surrounding environment and occupies precious land resources.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention provides a solid waste heavy concrete, a method for preparing the same and a use thereof, which are used to solve the problems of the prior art.
In order to achieve the above and other related objects, in one aspect, the present invention provides a solid waste heavy concrete, which comprises the following raw material components in parts by mass:
wherein the sum of the mass parts of one or more of the three components of the iron filings, the magnetite and the magnetic iron is 2000-2300 parts.
Preferably, the portland cement is ordinary portland cement.
Preferably, the additive is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.
Preferably, the steel slag counterweight admixture has the particle size of 0.08-0.2mm and the density of 3.4-3.7 g/cm 3 The content of free calcium is less than 3%.
Preferably, the steel slag sand has a grain size of 0.2-0.8 mm and a density of 3.4-3.7 g/cm 3 And the content of free calcium is less than 3 percent.
Preferably, the steel slag coarse aggregate has the grain diameter of not more than 15mm and the density of 3.4-3.7 g/cm 3 The content of free calcium is less than 3%.
Preferably, the scrap iron is granular scrap iron with the particle size of not more than 5mm and/or long-strip-shaped scrap iron with the density of 5.5-6.0 g/cm 3 。
Preferably, the magnetic separation iron has the particle size of 5-10 mm and the density of 5.0-5.5 g/cm 3 。
Preferably, the magnetite density is more than or equal to 4.2g/cm 3 。
The invention also provides a preparation method of the solid waste heavy concrete, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Metering and uniformly mixing: weighing cement and steel slag counterweight admixture, and uniformly mixing to obtain a cementing material;
(2) Stirring: adding steel slag sand, steel slag coarse aggregate, scrap iron, magnetic iron, magnetite and part of the uniformly mixed cementing material in the step (1), adding an additive, mixing and stirring, adding the rest cementing material, adding water and stirring to obtain solid waste base weight concrete;
preferably, the mixing in step (1) is carried out in a closed stirrer.
Preferably, the admixture in the step (2) is diluted for use.
Preferably, the mixing and stirring in the step (2) is performed by a horizontal stirrer.
Preferably, the mixing and stirring time of the horizontal stirrer in the step (2) is 25 to 35 seconds.
Preferably, the step (2) of adding water and stirring is to add water and stir at a constant speed.
Preferably, the water is added in the step (2) and the stirring time is 40-60 seconds.
The invention also provides a method for preparing the concrete test block by using the solid waste basic weight concrete, which comprises the steps of feeding the solid waste basic weight concrete into a mould, vibrating and curing to obtain the concrete test block.
Preferably, the grinding tool is a concrete test mould; the concrete test model specification is 100 x 100,
preferably, the vibration is performed on a vibration table; the vibration time is 4-8 seconds.
Preferably, the curing is performed in a curing kiln; the maintenance conditions are as follows: the temperature is 20 plus or minus 5 ℃, and the humidity is more than 75 percent.
The invention also provides application of the solid waste foundation heavy concrete in the fields of anti-floating-pressure heavy engineering, radiation protection engineering and ocean engineering.
As mentioned above, the solid waste heavy concrete and the preparation method and the application thereof have the following beneficial effects:
(1) The solid waste based heavy concrete of the invention uses the steel slag and the magnetic iron which are products of the metallurgical solid waste steel slag processing process and the scrap iron which is waste generated in the mechanical processing process to prepare the counterweight admixture, fully exerts the advantages of high specific gravity of the steel slag, the scrap iron and the like, saves natural resources of iron ore, barite and the like, and synergistically consumes the steel slag and the scrap iron, thereby changing waste into valuable.
(2) The solid waste heavy concrete takes the steel slag with the thickness of 0.08-0.2mm as the counterweight admixture, on one hand, the steel slag can exert the potential activity to replace part of cement, thereby saving the cost, and on the other hand, the specific gravity of cement slurry in the concrete can be improved to further ensure the specific gravity index of the concrete.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification.
The invention provides solid waste base heavy concrete, which is prepared by partially or completely replacing iron ore with steel slag sand, steel slag coarse aggregate, magnetic iron ore and machining scrap iron, improves the toughness and strength of concrete, saves resources and reduces cost.
The invention provides a solid waste base weight concrete, which comprises the following components in parts by mass:
wherein the sum of the mass parts of one or more of the three components of the iron filings, the magnetite and the magnetic iron is 2000-2300 parts.
In the solid waste heavy concrete provided by the invention, the Portland cement can be 300-400 parts by mass, such as 300-320 parts, 320-340 parts, 340-360 parts, 360-380 parts or 380-400 parts. The portland cement is a common portland cement, such as PO 42.5 grade portland cement. The ordinary silicate cement is a hydraulic gel material prepared by grinding silicate cement clinker, 5-20% of mixed material and a proper amount of gypsum, and has the characteristics of high strength, good wear resistance and good freezing resistance
In the solid waste heavy concrete provided by the invention, the steel slag counterweight admixture can be 60 to 160 parts by mass, such as 60 to 80 parts, 80 to 100 parts, 100 to 120 parts, 120 to 140 parts or 140 to 160 parts. The steel slag counterweight admixture has the grain diameter of 0.08-0.2mm and the density of 3.4-3.7 g/cm 3 The content of free calcium is less than 3%. The steel slag counterweight admixture can increase the fluidity, cohesiveness and water retention of fresh concrete, improve the pumpability of the concrete and simultaneously improve the strength and durability of the concrete.
In the solid waste heavy concrete provided by the invention, the steel slag sand can be 600-1000 parts, such as 600-700 parts, 700-800 parts, 800-900 parts or 900-1000 parts by weight. The steel slag sand has a grain diameter of 0.2-0.8 mm and a density of 3.4-3.7 g/cm 3 And the content of free calcium is less than 3 percent. The steel slag sand with the grain diameter of 0.2-0.8 mm can play the role of a ball, and the mixing property and the fluidity of heavy concrete are improved.
In the solid waste heavy concrete provided by the invention, the steel slag coarse aggregate can be 200-500 parts by mass, such as 200-300 parts, 300-400 parts or 400-500 parts. The steel slag coarse aggregate has the grain diameter of not more than 15mm and the density of 3.4-3.7 g/cm 3 The content of free calcium is less than 3%. The coarse aggregate of steel slag has rough and porous surface and micro activity, and can be fully bonded with other components of concrete.
In the solid waste heavy concrete provided by the invention, the scrap iron can be 0-600 parts by weight, such as 0-100 parts, 100-200 parts, 200-300 parts and 300-400 parts400 to 500 portions or 500 to 600 portions. The scrap iron is granular scrap iron and/or strip scrap iron, and the density is 5.5-6.0 g/cm 3 . The particle size of the particulate iron pieces is not greater than 5mm, for example not greater than 1mm, 1 to 2mm, 2 to 3mm, 3 to 4mm or 4 to 5mm. The specification of the long-strip-shaped scrap iron can be 3-5 cm, for example, 3-3.5 cm, 3.5-4 cm, 4-4.5 cm or 4.5-5 cm. The iron chips are waste generated in the machining process, and have different forms in the machining process, so that the mechanical engaging force between the iron chips and concrete particles can be increased, part of fibrous iron chips can be cemented with concrete components, the expansion of micro cracks in the material is slowed down, and the toughness and the strength of the concrete are improved.
In the solid waste base heavy concrete provided by the invention, the magnetic separation iron can be 0-1650 parts by mass, such as 0-300 parts, 300-600 parts, 600-900 parts, 900-1200 parts, 1200-1500 parts or 1500-1650 parts. The magnetic separation iron has the grain diameter of 5-10 mm and the density of 5.0-5.5 g/cm 3 。
In the solid waste based heavy concrete provided by the invention, the magnetite is 0 to 2100 parts by mass, for example, 0 to 500 parts, 500 to 1000 parts, 1000 to 1500 parts, 1500 to 2000 parts or 2000 to 2100 parts. The density of magnetite is more than or equal to 4.2g/cm 3 。
In the solid waste heavy concrete provided by the invention, the additive can be 7-12 parts by mass, such as 7-8 parts, 8-9 parts, 9-10 parts, 10-11 parts or 11-12 parts. The additive is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, such as HPWR-R type polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducing agent.
The invention provides a preparation method of solid waste heavy concrete, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Metering and uniformly mixing: weighing cement and steel slag counterweight admixture, and uniformly mixing to obtain a cementing material;
(2) Stirring: and (2) adding the steel slag sand, the steel slag coarse aggregate, the scrap iron, the magnetic iron, the magnetite and part of the uniformly mixed cementing material in the step (1), adding the additive, mixing and stirring, adding the rest cementing material, adding water and stirring to obtain the solid waste base weight concrete.
In the preparation method of the solid waste heavy concrete provided by the invention, the cement and steel slag counterweight admixture in the step (1) is mixed and stirred in a closed stirrer until the mixture is uniform.
In the preparation method of the solid waste base-weight concrete provided by the invention, in the step (2), the additive is diluted and used, and the additive is diluted with water 1. And (3) stirring in the step (2) by adopting a horizontal stirrer. The mixing and stirring time is 25 to 35 seconds; adding water and stirring for 40-60 seconds; adding water and stirring at a constant speed. The stirring mode in the step (2) can ensure that the materials are uniformly stirred and prevent aggregate from caking. Preferably, in step (2), 1/2 of the gelling material is added first, and then the rest 1/2 of the gelling material is added.
The third aspect of the invention provides a method for preparing a concrete test block from the solid waste basic weight concrete, which comprises the steps of feeding the solid waste basic weight concrete into a mould, vibrating and curing to obtain the concrete test block.
In the method for preparing the concrete test block by using the solid waste basis weight concrete, the grinding tool is a concrete test mould; the concrete test specification is 100 × 100. Vibrating on a vibrating table; the vibration time is 4-8 seconds. Curing is carried out in a curing kiln; the curing conditions are as follows: the temperature is 20 +/-5 ℃; the humidity is more than 75 percent.
The invention provides the application of the solid waste base weight concrete in the fields of anti-floating weight engineering, radiation protection engineering and ocean engineering
The solid waste base heavy concrete takes the steel slag, the magnetic iron and the machining scrap iron as research objects, the characteristics of high specific gravity and micro-apparent activity of the steel slag are used as a weight-balancing cement admixture, the steel slag surface multi-edge and the scrap iron are complex in shape, so that the rolling friction force between aggregates in the concrete mixing process is large and the aggregates are difficult to stir uniformly, the added steel slag sand with the particle size of 0.2-0.8 mm can play the effect of a ball, the mixing property and the fluidity of the heavy concrete are improved, the steel slag, the magnetic iron and the machining scrap iron are used for partially or completely replacing iron ore to prepare the heavy concrete, the production cost of products can be reduced, the market competitiveness of the products is improved, the magnetic iron obtained by crushing and magnetic separation of the steel slag and the scrap iron in the machining process are reflected in changing waste into valuable, the policy of recycling economy is met, and the solid waste base heavy concrete has good industrialization prospect.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Examples
The mass parts of the components in the examples are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
In each example and comparative example, the portland cement and steel slag counterweight admixture are respectively weighed according to the mass parts in the table 1, put into a closed stirrer and uniformly mixed to obtain a cementing material, and taken out and placed aside for later use; weighing steel slag sand, steel slag coarse aggregate, scrap iron, magnetic iron and magnetite which are used as balance weight materials, uniformly stirring the balance weight materials and half of the prepared cementing materials for 25-35 seconds under a diluted polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, then diluting the diluted polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent with water 1, then adding the other half of the cementing materials, adding water at constant speed and stirring for 40-60 seconds to obtain solid waste base heavy concrete; and (3) feeding the mixed material into a 100 x 100 concrete test mould, placing the concrete test mould on a vibration table for vibrating for 4-8 seconds, and feeding the concrete test block into a curing kiln along with the mould for curing to obtain the solid waste basis weight concrete test block.
The test block samples prepared in the above examples and comparative examples are tested for sample specific gravity, slump and 28d compressive strength of test groups by referring to GB/T50081-2002 Standard test method for mechanical Properties of ordinary concrete and GB/T50080-2016 Standard test method for Properties of ordinary concrete mixture. The performance results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
| Serial number | Specific gravity/kg/m 3 | 28d compressive strength/MPa | Slump/mm |
| Example 1 | 3430 | 35.7 | 180 |
| Example 2 | 3470 | 39.2 | 180 |
| Example 3 | 3580 | 40.1 | 185 |
| Example 4 | 3610 | 45.1 | 200 |
| Comparative example 1 | 3380 | 34.9 | 165 |
| Comparative example 2 | 3480 | 36.7 | 175 |
As can be seen from the data in tables 1 and 2, the specific gravity of the iron ore is 3.3t/m and is prepared by partially or completely replacing iron ore with one or more of steel slag, magnetic iron and scrap iron 3 The concrete test block prepared from the heavy concrete with the above grade has better mechanical property. As can be seen from examples 1-4 and comparative example 1, it is feasible to prepare the heavy concrete by partially or completely replacing magnetite with one or more of steel slag, scrap iron or magnetic separation iron, and the indexes of the specific gravity, 28d compressive strength and slump of the heavy concrete are all better; as can be seen from comparative examples 1 and 2, the steel slag weight-balancing admixture can further supplement the weight of concrete and save part of cement by replacing part of portland cement.
In conclusion, the present invention effectively overcomes various disadvantages of the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The solid waste base weight concrete is characterized by comprising the following raw material components in parts by mass:
wherein the sum of the mass parts of one or more of the three components of the scrap iron, the magnetite and the magnetic separation iron is 2000-2300 parts; the steel slag counterweight admixture has the grain diameter of 0.08-0.2mm and the density of 3.4-3.7 g/cm 3 Free calcium content is less than 3%; said ironThe scrap is granular scrap iron with the particle size of not more than 5mm and/or strip scrap iron with the density of 5.5-6.0 g/cm 3 。
2. The solid waste heavy concrete according to claim 1, wherein said portland cement is ordinary portland cement; and/or the additive is a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.
3. The solid waste heavy concrete according to claim 1, wherein the steel slag sand has a particle size of 0.2 to 0.8mm and a density of 3.4 to 3.7g/cm 3 Free calcium content is less than 3%;
and/or the steel slag coarse aggregate has the grain diameter of not more than 15mm and the density of 3.4-3.7 g/cm 3 The content of free calcium is less than 3%.
4. The solid waste heavy concrete according to claim 1,
the magnetic separation iron has the grain diameter of 5-10 mm and the density of 5.0-5.5 g/cm 3 ；
And/or the magnetite density is more than or equal to 4.2g/cm 3 。
5. The method for preparing solid waste heavy concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
(1) Metering and uniformly mixing: weighing cement and steel slag counterweight admixture, and uniformly mixing to obtain a cementing material;
(2) Stirring: and (2) adding the steel slag sand, the steel slag coarse aggregate, the scrap iron, the magnetic iron, the magnetite and part of the uniformly mixed cementing material in the step (1), adding the additive, mixing and stirring, adding the rest cementing material, adding water and stirring to obtain the solid waste base weight concrete.
6. The method for preparing solid waste heavy concrete according to claim 5, wherein the mixing in step (1) is performed in a closed mixer.
7. The method for preparing solid waste heavy concrete according to claim 5, wherein the admixture in the step (2) is diluted and used;
and/or, stirring by a horizontal stirrer in the step (2);
and/or, the mixing and stirring time in the step (2) is 25 to 35 seconds;
and/or, the water is added and stirred in the step (2) at a constant speed;
and/or adding water and stirring for 40-60 seconds in the step (2).
8. The method for preparing the concrete test block by using the solid waste basic weight concrete as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the solid waste basic weight concrete is fed into a mould, vibrated and cured to obtain the concrete test block.
9. The method of preparing a concrete test block according to claim 8, wherein the mold is a concrete test mold; the specification of the concrete test mold is 100 x 100;
and/or, the vibration is performed on a vibration table; the vibration time is 4-8 seconds;
and/or, the curing is carried out in a curing kiln;
and/or the curing conditions are as follows: the temperature is 20 +/-5 ℃, and the humidity is more than 75 percent.
10. Use of the solid waste heavy concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in the fields of anti-floating weight engineering, radiation protection engineering and ocean engineering.
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