CN114021787B - Power distribution network two-stage risk control method and system considering demand response - Google Patents
Power distribution network two-stage risk control method and system considering demand response Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a two-stage risk control method and a two-stage risk control system for a power distribution network, which take demand response into consideration, a power distribution line shutdown model and an operation risk quantization model are established, and a power distribution network risk control framework with cooperative prevention-correction is provided; a load demand response model is established by analyzing the demand response characteristics of the load; taking minimum running cost and minimum risk cost of potential faults as optimization targets, a power distribution network prevention control model considering demand response is provided; aiming at minimizing the correction control cost of the power distribution network, the correction control method of the power distribution network after the occurrence of an accident is provided. The two-stage risk control method for the power distribution network can effectively reduce the load shedding risk of the high-proportion new energy power grid, improve the new energy consumption capacity and have a certain practical application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of energy, in particular to a two-stage risk control method and system for a power distribution network considering demand response.
Background
In view of energy and environmental problems, development and utilization of new energy sources such as solar energy have become common public knowledge. However, the intermittent and fluctuating nature of new energy sources places higher demands on the safe operation of the grid. In addition, the high-proportion new energy access makes the power system more susceptible to uncertain factors such as extreme weather, network attack and the like and operation risks. In order to enhance the capability of a high-proportion new energy power grid to resist uncertain disturbances, the prior studies have mainly attempted in three aspects: firstly, precautions before an extreme event occurs, such as optimal allocation of emergency resources and strengthening of a power transmission line. And secondly, emergency measures, such as optimal scheduling of emergency resources, when an extreme event occurs. And thirdly, recovery measures after extreme events, such as black start and load recovery. There are two problems to be solved in the existing research: 1) The existing related researches on the toughness of the power grid are mainly concentrated on the power transmission network, and the researches on the power distribution network are relatively less; 2) The demand response can be a promising measure of elasticity enhancement, particularly in the preventive control phase, but is rarely involved in existing research. Therefore, related researches of a two-stage risk control method of the power distribution network considering demand response are needed to be carried out, and support is provided for promoting the consumption and the utilization of renewable energy sources and guaranteeing the safe operation of a high-proportion new energy power grid.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a two-stage risk control method and system for a power distribution network, which can consider demand response.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:
A power distribution network two-stage risk control method and system considering demand response, wherein the risk control method comprises the following steps:
establishing a distribution line outage model;
Establishing an operation risk quantification model considering the faults of the distribution line;
A power distribution network risk control framework with cooperative prevention and correction is proposed;
establishing a load demand response model;
providing a distribution network prevention control model considering demand response;
the correction control method of the power distribution network after the accident occurs is provided.
Optionally, the distribution line outage model specifically includes:
Because the distribution network is directly connected with the user, and meanwhile, the distribution line is exposed in a complex external environment for a long time and is influenced by factors such as extreme weather, artificial damage and the like, the fault rate model of the distribution line under normal, severe and extreme conditions is constructed as follows:
wherein lambda nom、λbad、λext represents the failure rate of the distribution line under normal, severe and extreme conditions, respectively; lambda ave is the annual average fault probability of the distribution line; f nom、Fbad、Fext represents the percent of line faults occurring under normal, severe and extreme conditions, respectively, which are statistically derived from historical operating data; p nom、Pbad、Pext represents the probability of occurrence of normal, severe, extreme weather conditions, respectively.
Based on the distribution line fault rate model, assuming that the probability of occurrence of outage of the distribution line k in the period delta t is compliant with poisson distribution, the accumulated fault probability of the distribution line k in the delta t is
Where lambda k is the failure rate of distribution line k.
Thus, the probability of the distribution network state considering that the distribution line k is out of operation in the t period is
Wherein U is a set of normal working elements in the power distribution network system, and p i is the cumulative fault probability of element i in the power distribution network system within deltat.
Optionally, the operation risk quantization model considering the distribution line fault specifically includes:
Because of a plurality of uncertain factors existing in the operation process of the power distribution system, the safety operation of the power distribution system has risks, the considered operation risks are derived from potential faults of the power distribution network, and the operation risks of the power distribution network are quantified by adopting the fault probability of power distribution network elements and the caused load shedding loss, and the method is concretely as follows
Wherein R isk is the running risk of the power distribution network, and the loss caused by the fault of the power distribution network is the load shedding penalty cost; s E、SD respectively represents the number of expected distribution line faults and the number of load nodes of the distribution network; pi d is the cut load penalty factor,The load node d is cut to a load amount in anticipation of a failure of the distribution line k.
Optionally, the preventive-corrective cooperative power distribution network risk control framework specifically includes:
And constructing a two-stage control framework of the power distribution network with cooperative prevention control and correction control according to the implementation sequence of the control measures. Assuming that the system fails at the time t=t 0, considering that the system is in a normal running state when t < t 0, considering possible expected failure of the system, and performing two-layer optimization control of the power distribution network considering running risks to obtain a power distribution network prevention control scheme; when t > t 0, the fault is generated, and the emergency correction control of the power distribution network is performed based on the prevention control result and the actual output of the photovoltaic. And the safe operation of the distribution network is ensured through coordination of the prevention control and the correction control.
Optionally, the load demand response model specifically includes:
Considering the potential operational faults of the distribution network in severe or extreme weather conditions, in order to reduce the load shedding risk of the system, the load of the distribution network can be considered to participate in demand response by signing direct load control contract. Direct Load Control (DLC) is one type of motivating demand response, and the demand side elasticity can be increased by way of compensation. The DLC load considered is: the power is cut off in a short time for residents or small commercial users, the power supply quality is not greatly influenced, and the power supply has a certain energy storage effect load, such as electric heating, electric water heater and the like. Further, the following assumptions are based: 1) The DLC response time is short, and the adjustment instruction of the control center of the power distribution network can be completed in a short time, so that the time delay is not counted in the optimization process; 2) DLC control instructions consider only reduced load situations; 3) When the instruction to reduce the load is completed, the load level is restored to the pre-schedule state. Thus, the DLC model was constructed as follows
Wherein,Load control amount for load node d,/>S D represents the number of load nodes of the power distribution network, which is the maximum load control amount of the load node d.
In order to stimulate the load to participate in DLC demand response, certain economic compensation is carried out on the load control, and the method concretely comprises the following steps:
Where pi DLC is the compensation price of DLC, deltat is the length of the period t, The load control quantity of the load node d is represented by S D, which represents the number of load nodes of the power distribution network.
Optionally, the distribution network prevention control model considering the demand response specifically includes:
Objective function:
the optimization objective of the preventive control phase consists of two parts: firstly, the running cost of post correction control is considered; secondly, considering the risk cost of potential operation faults, the specific calculation is as follows:
The first term represents the power generation cost of the distributed power supply of the power distribution network, S G is the number of nodes of the distributed power supply of the power distribution network, a g、bg、cg is the power generation cost coefficient of the controllable distributed power supply g, and P g is the active output power of the distributed power supply g; the electricity purchasing cost of the second power distribution network to the upper power grid is pi grid, electricity purchasing price and P grid, electricity purchasing power; the third term is the compensation cost of the load participation demand response, pi DLC is the compensation price of DLC, S D represents the number of load nodes of the power distribution network as the load control quantity of the load node d; fourth and fifth items are respectively the emergency adjustment cost of the controllable distributed power supply and the upper power grid after the occurrence of the potential faults, sigma k is the outage probability of the distribution line k, pi g is the emergency scheduling cost coefficient of the controllable distributed power supply g,/>For the power distribution line k to fail, the active power output of the distributed power supply g after adjustment,/>The active power after power purchase adjustment is used for purchasing power to an upper power grid due to the fault of the distribution line k; the sixth term is the risk cost, pi d is the cut-load penalty factor,/>The load node d is cut to a load amount in order to predict a failure of the distribution line k.
Constraint conditions:
In order to ensure safe and stable operation of the power distribution network, the following constraints need to be satisfied:
(1) Power balance constraint
Wherein, P grid is the power purchase power, P g is the active power of the distributed power supply g,For the predicted load value of the power distribution network node d,/>S G、 SD is the load control quantity of the load node d, and the number of distributed power supply nodes and the number of load nodes of the power distribution network respectively; /(I)In order to purchase the regulated active power to the upper power grid due to the failure of the distribution line k,/>For the active output after the distributed power supply g is regulated, i.e./>, due to the failure of the distribution line kThe load node d is cut to a load amount in order to anticipate a failure of the distribution line k.
(2) Upper and lower limit constraints of force
S G、SE is the number of distributed power supply nodes of the power distribution network and the number of expected faults of the power distribution line respectively; And Respectively the upper and lower output limits of the distributed power supply g, and P g is the active output of the distributed power supply g,/>The active power output after the distributed power supply g is regulated because of the fault of the distribution line k; /(I)And/>Respectively upper and lower limits of power purchase power to an upper power grid, wherein P grid is power purchase power,/>The regulated active power is purchased to the upper power grid due to the failure of the distribution line k.
(3) Line tide constraint
Wherein, P l,Active power of distribution line l before and after faults occur respectively, S E is the number of faults of the expected distribution line of the distribution network, N L,/>, respectivelyThe number of the distribution network branches before the occurrence of the fault and after the occurrence of the fault are respectively,And the upper limit of the power of the first branch of the power distribution network.
(4) Climbing constraint
Wherein P g is the active output of the distributed power supply g,The active power output after the distributed power supply g is regulated because of the fault of the distribution line k; p grid is the power of electricity purchase,/>The active power after power purchase adjustment is used for purchasing power to an upper power grid due to the fault of the distribution line k; r g、 rgrid is the allowable maximum adjustment quantity of the distributed power source g and the power purchased by the upper power grid respectively, and S G、SE is the distributed power source node of the power distribution network and the number of expected power distribution line faults respectively.
Optionally, the method for correcting and controlling the power distribution network after the accident occurs specifically includes:
Objective function:
When a fault occurs, DLC latency is considered to occur, and this stage does not take into account load parameters and demand response. Therefore, the optimization objective of the correction control phase is to minimize the correction control cost of the power distribution network, and the optimization objective is specifically calculated as follows:
the correction control cost of the power distribution network comprises three parts, wherein the first part is the emergency dispatching cost of the distributed power supply, the second part is the emergency dispatching cost of the upper power grid, and the third part is the load shedding penalty cost; s G、SD is the number of distributed power supply nodes and load nodes of the power distribution network respectively; the active power of the distributed power supply g is generated before the P g fault occurs, the power purchase power is generated before the P grid fault occurs, And/>The active output power of the distributed power supply g after correction control and the purchase power of the upper power grid are respectively; /(I)The load shedding amount of the node d is used for ensuring the power balance after the fault occurs; pi g is an emergency dispatching cost coefficient of the controllable distributed power supply g, pi grid is a power purchase price, and pi d is a load shedding penalty coefficient.
Constraint conditions:
After the fault occurs, in order to ensure the stable operation of the system, the following constraint needs to be satisfied:
(1) Power balance constraint
Wherein,For the actual load value of the distribution network node d,/>And/>The active power output of the distributed power supply g after correction control and the power purchasing power of the upper power grid are respectively carried out; /(I)The load shedding amount of the node d is used for ensuring the power balance after the fault occurs; s G、SD is the number of distribution grid distributed power supply nodes and load nodes, respectively.
(2) Upper and lower limit constraints of force
Wherein S G is the number of distributed power supply nodes of the power distribution network,And/>The upper and lower output limits of distributed power supply g are respectively/>And/>Respectively upper and lower limits of power purchase power of the upper power grid/power gridAnd/>The active power output of the distributed power supply g after correction control and the purchase power of the upper power grid are respectively.
(3) Line tide constraint
Wherein P l is the active power of the distribution line l after the actual fault occurs,For the number of distribution network branches after actual faults occur,/>The upper power limit of the first branch of the power distribution network.
(4) Climbing constraint
Wherein P g is the active power of the distributed power supply g before failure, P grid is the power purchase power before failure,AndThe active power output of the distributed power supply g after correction control and the purchase power of the upper power grid are respectively; r g、rgrid is the allowable maximum adjustment quantity of the distributed power supply g and the power purchased by the upper power grid, and S G is the distributed power supply node number of the power distribution network.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides the following solutions:
a power distribution network two-stage risk control system that accounts for demand response, the risk control system comprising:
The data acquisition module is used for acquiring load, distributed power supply output and electricity price data required by two-stage risk control of the power distribution network;
The operation risk quantization model building module is used for building a distribution line outage model and building an operation risk quantization model considering fault of the distribution line;
the power distribution network risk control framework building module is used for building a power distribution network two-stage control framework with cooperative preventive control and correction control;
the load demand response model building module is used for building a power and cost model of direct load control;
the power distribution network preventive control model building module is used for building a power distribution network preventive control model of demand response and running risk;
And the correction control module of the power distribution network is used for establishing a correction control model of the power distribution network after the accident occurs.
And the model solving module is used for solving the constructed two-stage risk control model of the power distribution network.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention discloses a two-stage risk control method and a two-stage risk control system for a power distribution network, which take demand response into consideration, a power distribution line shutdown model and an operation risk quantization model are established, and a power distribution network risk control framework with cooperative prevention-correction is provided; a load demand response model is established by analyzing the demand response characteristics of the load; taking minimum running cost and minimum risk cost of potential faults as optimization targets, a power distribution network prevention control model considering demand response is provided; aiming at minimizing the correction control cost of the distribution network, a correction control method of the distribution network after an accident occurs is provided. The two-stage risk control method for the power distribution network can effectively reduce the load shedding risk of the high-proportion new energy power grid, improve the new energy absorbing capacity and have a certain practical application value.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a two-stage risk control method for a power distribution network that takes into account demand response provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a two-stage risk control system for a power distribution network that takes into account demand response provided by the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a two-stage risk control method for a power distribution network according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a topology block diagram of a test system for verifying the two-stage risk control method of the power distribution network according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a graph of an optimization result of a two-stage risk control method for a power distribution network according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Technical aspects of embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and fully described in the following description of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a two-stage risk control method and system for a power distribution network, which take demand response into consideration.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention provides a two-stage risk control method for a power distribution network, which considers demand response, the risk control method comprising:
Step 100: the power distribution network management system is used for collecting load, distributed power supply output and electricity price data required by two-stage risk control of the power distribution network;
Step 200: establishing a distribution line outage model, and establishing an operation risk quantification model considering distribution line faults;
Step 300: constructing a two-stage control frame of a power distribution network with cooperative prevention control and correction control;
step 400: establishing a power and cost model of direct load control;
step 500: constructing a power distribution network preventive control model of demand response and operation risk;
Step 600: establishing a power distribution network correction control model after an accident occurs;
step 700: and solving the constructed two-stage risk control model of the power distribution network.
The step 200: the method for establishing the distribution line outage model comprises the following steps of establishing an operation risk quantification model considering the fault of the distribution line:
the fault rate model of the distribution line under normal, severe and extreme conditions is constructed as follows:
wherein lambda nom、λbad、λext represents the failure rate of the distribution line under normal, severe and extreme conditions, respectively; lambda ave is the annual average fault probability of the distribution line; f nom、Fbad、Fext represents the percent of line faults occurring under normal, severe and extreme conditions, respectively, which are statistically derived from historical operating data; p nom、Pbad、Pext represents the probability of occurrence of normal, severe, extreme weather conditions, respectively.
Assuming that the probability of the outage of the distribution line k in the period delta t is compliant with the poisson distribution, the accumulated fault probability of the distribution line k in the delta t is that
Where lambda k is the failure rate of distribution line k.
Thus, the probability of the distribution network state considering that the distribution line k is out of operation in the t period is
Wherein U is a set of normal working elements in the power distribution network system, and p i is the cumulative fault probability of element i in the power distribution network system within deltat.
Because of a plurality of uncertain factors existing in the operation process of the power distribution system, the safety operation of the power distribution system has risks, and the operation risks of the power distribution network are quantified by adopting the failure probability of power distribution network elements and the caused load shedding loss, the method is as follows
Wherein R isk is the running risk of the power distribution network, and the loss caused by the fault of the power distribution network is the load shedding penalty cost; s E、SD respectively represents the number of expected distribution line faults and the number of load nodes of the distribution network; pi d is the cut load penalty factor,The load node d is cut to a load amount in anticipation of a failure of the distribution line k.
The step 300: the construction of a two-stage control frame of a power distribution network with cooperative prevention control and correction control specifically comprises the following steps:
According to the sequence of implementing the control measures, a two-stage control framework of the power distribution network with cooperative preventive control and corrective control is constructed as shown in fig. 3. Assuming that the system fails at the time t=t 0, considering that the system is in a normal running state when t < t 0, considering possible expected failure of the system, and performing two-layer optimization control of the power distribution network considering running risks to obtain a power distribution network prevention control scheme; when t > t 0, the fault is generated, and the emergency correction control of the power distribution network is performed based on the prevention control result and the actual output force of the photovoltaic. And the safe operation of the power distribution network is ensured through coordination of the prevention control and the correction control.
The step 400: the method for establishing the direct load control power and cost model specifically comprises the following steps:
Considering the potential operational faults of the distribution network in severe or extreme weather conditions, in order to reduce the load shedding risk of the system, the load of the distribution network can be considered to participate in demand response by signing direct load control contract. Direct Load Control (DLC) is one type of motivating demand response, and the demand side elasticity can be increased by way of compensation. The DLC load considered is: the power is cut off in a short time for residents or small commercial users, the power supply quality is not greatly influenced, and the power supply has a certain energy storage effect load, such as electric heating, electric water heater and the like. Further, the following assumptions are based: 1) The DLC response time is short, and the adjustment instruction of the control center of the power distribution network can be completed in a short time, so that the time delay is not counted in the optimization process; 2) DLC control instructions consider only reduced load situations; 3) When the instruction to reduce the load is completed, the load level is restored to the pre-schedule state. Thus, the DLC model was constructed as follows
Wherein,Load control amount for load node d,/>S D represents the number of load nodes of the power distribution network, which is the maximum load control amount of the load node d.
In order to stimulate the load to participate in DLC demand response, certain economic compensation is carried out on the load control, and the method concretely comprises the following steps:
Where pi DLC is the compensation price of DLC, deltat is the length of the period t, The load control quantity of the load node d is represented by S D, which represents the number of load nodes of the power distribution network.
The step 500: the method for constructing the power distribution network preventive control model of the demand response and the operation risk specifically comprises the following steps:
Objective function:
the optimization objective of the preventive control phase consists of two parts: firstly, the running cost of post correction control is considered; secondly, considering the risk cost of potential operation faults, the specific calculation is as follows:
The first term represents the power generation cost of the distributed power supply of the power distribution network, S G is the number of nodes of the distributed power supply of the power distribution network, a g、bg、cg is the power generation cost coefficient of the controllable distributed power supply g, and P g is the active output power of the distributed power supply g; the electricity purchasing cost of the second power distribution network to the upper power grid is pi grid, electricity purchasing price and P grid, electricity purchasing power; the third term is the compensation cost of the load participation demand response, pi DLC is the compensation price of DLC, S D represents the number of load nodes of the power distribution network as the load control quantity of the load node d; fourth and fifth items are respectively the emergency adjustment cost of the controllable distributed power supply and the upper power grid after the occurrence of the potential faults, sigma k is the outage probability of the distribution line k, pi g is the emergency scheduling cost coefficient of the controllable distributed power supply g,/>For the power distribution line k to fail, the active power output of the distributed power supply g after adjustment,/>The active power after power purchase adjustment is used for purchasing power to an upper power grid due to the fault of the distribution line k; the sixth term is the risk cost, pi d is the cut-load penalty factor,The load node d is cut to a load amount in order to predict a failure of the distribution line k.
Constraint conditions:
In order to ensure safe and stable operation of the power distribution network, the following constraints need to be satisfied:
(1) Power balance constraint
Wherein, P grid is the power purchase power, P g is the active power of the distributed power supply g,For the predicted load value of the power distribution network node d,/>S G、 SD is the load control quantity of the load node d, and the number of distributed power supply nodes and the number of load nodes of the power distribution network respectively; /(I)In order to purchase the regulated active power to the upper power grid due to the failure of the distribution line k,/>For the active output after the distributed power supply g is regulated, i.e./>, due to the failure of the distribution line kThe load node d is cut to a load amount in order to anticipate a failure of the distribution line k.
(2) Upper and lower limit constraints of force
S G、SE is the number of distributed power supply nodes of the power distribution network and the number of expected faults of the power distribution line respectively; And Respectively the upper and lower output limits of the distributed power supply g, and P g is the active output of the distributed power supply g,/>The active power output after the distributed power supply g is regulated because of the fault of the distribution line k; /(I)And/>Respectively upper and lower limits of power purchase power to an upper power grid, wherein P grid is power purchase power,/>The regulated active power is purchased to the upper power grid due to the failure of the distribution line k.
(3) Line tide constraint
Wherein, P l,Active power of distribution line l before and after faults occur respectively, S E is the number of faults of the expected distribution line of the distribution network, N L,/>, respectivelyThe number of the distribution network branches before the occurrence of the fault and after the occurrence of the fault are respectively,And the upper limit of the power of the first branch of the power distribution network.
(4) Climbing constraint
Wherein P g is the active output of the distributed power supply g,The active power output after the distributed power supply g is regulated because of the fault of the distribution line k; p grid is the power of electricity purchase,/>The active power after power purchase adjustment is used for purchasing power to an upper power grid due to the fault of the distribution line k; r g、 rgrid is the allowable maximum adjustment quantity of the distributed power source g and the power purchased by the upper power grid respectively, and S G、SE is the distributed power source node of the power distribution network and the number of expected power distribution line faults respectively.
The step 600: the method for establishing the power distribution network correction control model after the accident occurs specifically comprises the following steps:
Objective function:
When a fault occurs, DLC latency is considered to occur, and this stage does not take into account load parameters and demand response. Therefore, the optimization objective of the correction control phase is to minimize the correction control cost of the power distribution network, and the optimization objective is specifically calculated as follows:
the correction control cost of the power distribution network comprises three parts, wherein the first part is the emergency dispatching cost of the distributed power supply, the second part is the emergency dispatching cost of the upper power grid, and the third part is the load shedding penalty cost; s G、SD is the number of distributed power supply nodes and load nodes of the power distribution network respectively; the active power of the distributed power supply g is generated before the P g fault occurs, the power purchase power is generated before the P grid fault occurs, And/>The active output power of the distributed power supply g after correction control and the purchase power of the upper power grid are respectively; /(I)The load shedding amount of the node d is used for ensuring the power balance after the fault occurs; pi g is an emergency dispatching cost coefficient of the controllable distributed power supply g, pi grid is a power purchase price, and pi d is a load shedding penalty coefficient.
Constraint conditions:
After the fault occurs, in order to ensure the stable operation of the system, the following constraint needs to be satisfied:
(1) Power balance constraint
Wherein,For the actual load value of the distribution network node d,/>And/>The active power output of the distributed power supply g after correction control and the power purchasing power of the upper power grid are respectively carried out; /(I)The load shedding amount of the node d is used for ensuring the power balance after the fault occurs; s G、SD is the number of distribution grid distributed power supply nodes and load nodes, respectively.
(2) Upper and lower limit constraints of force
Wherein S G is the number of distributed power supply nodes of the power distribution network,And/>The upper and lower output limits of distributed power supply g are respectively/>And/>Respectively upper and lower limits of power purchase power of the upper power grid/power gridAnd/>The active power output of the distributed power supply g after correction control and the purchase power of the upper power grid are respectively.
(3) Line tide constraint
Wherein P l is the active power of the distribution line l after the actual fault occurs,For the number of distribution network branches after actual faults occur,/>The upper power limit of the first branch of the power distribution network.
(4) Climbing constraint
Wherein P g is the active power of the distributed power supply g before failure, P grid is the power purchase power before failure,AndThe active power output of the distributed power supply g after correction control and the purchase power of the upper power grid are respectively; r g、rgrdd is the allowable maximum adjustment quantity of the distributed power supply g and the power purchased by the upper power grid, and S G is the distributed power supply node number of the power distribution network.
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention further provides a two-stage risk control system for a power distribution network, which considers demand response, the risk control system comprising:
The data acquisition module 1 is used for acquiring load, distributed power supply output and electricity price data required by two-stage risk control of the power distribution network;
The operation risk quantization model building module 2 is used for building a distribution line outage model and building an operation risk quantization model considering the fault of the distribution line;
the power distribution network risk control frame building module 3 is used for building a power distribution network two-stage control frame with cooperative preventive control and correction control;
The load demand response model building module 4 is used for building a power and cost model of direct load control;
The power distribution network prevention control model building module 5 is used for building a power distribution network prevention control model of demand response and running risk in consideration of demand response;
And the correction control module 6 of the power distribution network is used for establishing a correction control model of the power distribution network after the accident occurs.
And the model solving module 7 is used for solving the constructed two-stage risk control model of the power distribution network.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
By adopting the two-stage risk control method for the power distribution network, the optimized result can be applied to the optimized operation of the power distribution system with the actual high-proportion new energy access. The basic data on which the risk control method is based comprises distributed power output, electric load, electricity price data and the like, and the potential load shedding operation risk in the power distribution network is considered, so that the method accords with the actual development situation of a power distribution system containing high-proportion new energy.
The two-stage risk control method of the power distribution network is tested based on a modified IEEE-33 node system, and a topological diagram of the modified IEEE-33 node system is shown in fig. 4 and comprises 33 nodes and 32 branches. The test parameters were set as follows: the electricity purchase price is 0.5 yuan/kWh, the DLC compensation price is 0.8 yuan/kWh, the number of distributed power supply access points is 5, and the number of potential fault points is 4.
To further analyze the effectiveness of the method, the following comparative example was set, and the optimization results are shown in fig. 5.
Calculation example 1: the two-stage optimization control method considering the demand response and the operation risk
Calculation example 2: disregarding demand response based on example 1
Calculation example 3: irrespective of the risk of operation on the basis of example 1
As can be seen from fig. 5, the two-stage optimization control method taking into consideration the demand response and the operation risk can significantly reduce the cut load amount of the power distribution network, because the potential cut load risk is considered before the accident occurs, the emergency control of the power distribution network is realized after the accident occurs, and the safe operation of the power distribution system containing high-proportion new energy can be supported. By using the risk control method, the distributed power output and demand response plan can be reasonably arranged on the premise of ensuring that the safe operation of the power grid is met, so that the method is beneficial to promoting the absorption and utilization of new energy and reducing the system load shedding risk.
In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described as different from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts of each embodiment are mutually referred to. For the system disclosed in the embodiment, since the system corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is simpler, and the relevant points refer to the description of the method section.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to assist in understanding the methods of the present invention and the core ideas thereof; also, as will occur to those of ordinary skill in the art, many modifications are possible in view of the teachings of the present invention, both as to its specific embodiments and its scope of application. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A two-stage risk control method for a power distribution network, taking into account demand response, the risk control method comprising:
establishing a distribution line outage model;
Establishing an operation risk quantification model considering the faults of the distribution line;
A power distribution network risk control framework with cooperative prevention and correction is proposed;
establishing a load demand response model;
providing a distribution network prevention control model considering demand response;
the correction control method of the power distribution network after the accident occurs is provided;
the operation risk quantification model considering the distribution line faults specifically comprises the following steps:
Because of a plurality of uncertain factors existing in the operation process of the power distribution system, the safety operation of the power distribution system has risks, the considered operation risks are derived from potential faults of the power distribution network, and the operation risks of the power distribution network are quantified by adopting the probability of the faults of power distribution network elements and the caused load shedding loss, and the method is concretely as follows
Wherein R isk is the running risk of the power distribution network, and the loss caused by the fault of the power distribution network is the load shedding penalty cost; s E、SD respectively represents the number of expected distribution line faults and the number of load nodes of the distribution network; pi d is the cut load penalty factor,The cut load of the load node d is the cut load of the power distribution line k due to the expected failure;
The power distribution network risk control framework with the cooperative prevention and correction specifically comprises the following components:
According to the sequence of implementing the control measures, a two-stage control frame of the power distribution network with cooperative prevention control and correction control is constructed; assuming that the system fails at the time t=t 0, considering that the system is in a normal running state when t is less than t 0, considering possible expected failure of the system, and performing two-layer optimization control of the power distribution network considering running risks to obtain a power distribution network prevention control scheme; when t is more than t 0, the fault occurs, and the emergency correction control of the power distribution network is carried out based on the prevention control result and the actual output of the photovoltaic; the safe operation of the power distribution network is ensured through coordination of the preventive control and the correction control;
the distribution network prevention control model considering the demand response specifically comprises the following steps:
Objective function: the optimization objective of the preventive control phase consists of two parts: firstly, the running cost of post correction control is considered; secondly, considering the risk cost of potential operation faults, the specific calculation is as follows:
The first term represents the power generation cost of the distributed power supply of the power distribution network, S G is the number of nodes of the distributed power supply of the power distribution network, a g、bg、cg is the power generation cost coefficient of the controllable distributed power supply g, and P g is the active output power of the distributed power supply g; the electricity purchasing cost of the second power distribution network to the upper power grid is pi grid, electricity purchasing price and P grid, electricity purchasing power; the third term is the compensation cost of the load participation demand response, pi DLC is the compensation price of DLC, S D represents the number of load nodes of the power distribution network as the load control quantity of the load node d; fourth and fifth items are respectively the emergency adjustment cost of the controllable distributed power supply and the upper power grid after potential faults occur, sigma k is the outage probability of the distribution line k, pi g is the emergency scheduling cost coefficient of the controllable distributed power supply g,/>For the power distribution line k to fail, the active power output of the distributed power supply g after adjustment,/>The active power after power purchase adjustment is used for purchasing power to an upper power grid due to the fault of the distribution line k; the sixth term is the risk cost, pi d is the cut load penalty factor,/>The cut load of the load node d is the cut load of the power distribution line k due to the expected failure;
the correction control method for the power distribution network after the accident is proposed specifically comprises the following steps:
Objective function:
When a fault occurs, DLC existing time delay is considered to be carried out, and load participation in demand response is not considered in the stage; therefore, the optimization objective of the correction control phase is to minimize the correction control cost of the power distribution network, and the optimization objective is specifically calculated as follows:
the correction control cost of the power distribution network comprises three parts, wherein the first part is the emergency dispatching cost of the distributed power supply, the second part is the emergency dispatching cost of the upper power grid, and the third part is the load shedding penalty cost; s G、SD is the number of distributed power supply nodes and load nodes of the power distribution network respectively; the active power of the distributed power supply g is generated before the P g fault occurs, the power is purchased before the P grid fault occurs, And/>The active output power of the distributed power supply g after correction control and the purchase power of the upper power grid are respectively; /(I)The load shedding amount of the node d is used for ensuring the power balance after the fault occurs; pi g is an emergency dispatching cost coefficient of the controllable distributed power supply g, pi grid is a power purchase price, and pi d is a load shedding penalty coefficient.
2. The two-stage risk control method for a power distribution network taking into account demand response according to claim 1, wherein the power distribution line outage model specifically comprises:
Because the distribution network is directly connected with the user, and meanwhile, the distribution line is exposed in a complex external environment for a long time and is influenced by extreme weather and human damage factors, the fault rate model of the distribution line under normal, severe and extreme conditions is constructed as follows:
Wherein lambda nom、λbad、λext represents the failure rate of the distribution line under normal, severe and extreme conditions, respectively; lambda ave is the annual average fault probability of the distribution line; f nom、Fbad、Fext represents the percent of line faults occurring under normal, severe and extreme conditions, respectively, which are statistically derived from historical operating data; p nom、Pbad、Pext represents the probability of occurrence of normal, severe, extreme weather conditions, respectively;
Based on the distribution line fault rate model, assuming that the probability of occurrence of outage of the distribution line k in the period delta t is compliant with poisson distribution, the accumulated fault probability of the distribution line k in the delta t is
Wherein lambda k is the failure rate of distribution line k;
thus, the probability of the distribution network state considering that the distribution line k is out of operation in the t period is
Wherein U is a set of normal working elements in the power distribution network system, and p i is the cumulative fault probability of element i in the power distribution network system within deltat.
3. A two-stage risk control method for a power distribution network taking into account demand response according to claim 1, wherein the load demand response model specifically comprises:
Considering potential operation faults of the power distribution network under severe or extreme weather conditions, considering the load of the power distribution network to reduce the load shedding risk of the system, and participating in demand response by signing a direct load control contract; direct load control is one of the excitation type demand responses, and the elasticity of the demand side is increased in a compensating mode; the direct load control load considered refers to: the power is cut off for a short time for residents or small commercial users, the power supply quality is not greatly influenced, and the load has a certain energy storage effect; based on the following assumptions: 1) The direct load control response time is short, and the adjustment instruction of the power distribution network control center is completed in a short time, so that the time delay is not counted in the optimization process; 2) The direct load control command only considers the reduced load situation; 3) When the instruction for reducing the load is completed, the load level is restored to a pre-dispatching state; thus, a model of direct load control is constructed as follows
Wherein,Load control amount for load node d,/>S D represents the number of load nodes of the power distribution network for the maximum load control quantity of the load node d;
in order to stimulate the load to participate in DLC demand response, certain economic compensation is carried out on the load control, and the method concretely comprises the following steps:
Where pi DLC is the compensation price of DLC, deltat is the length of the period t, As the load control amount of the load node d, S D represents the number of load nodes of the power distribution network.
4. A two-stage risk control method for a power distribution network taking into account demand response according to claim 1,
Constraint conditions of the distribution network preventive control model considering the demand response are as follows:
In order to ensure safe and stable operation of the power distribution network, the following constraints need to be satisfied:
(1) Power balance constraint
Wherein, P grid is the power purchase power, P g is the active power of the distributed power supply g,For the predicted load value of the power distribution network node d,/>S G、SD is the load control quantity of the load node d, and the number of distributed power supply nodes and the number of load nodes of the power distribution network respectively; /(I)In order to purchase the regulated active power to the upper power grid due to the failure of the distribution line k,/>For the power distribution line k to fail, the active power output of the distributed power supply g after adjustment,/>The cut load of the load node d is the cut load of the power distribution line k due to the expected failure;
(2) Upper and lower limit constraints of force
S G、SE is the number of distributed power supply nodes of the power distribution network and the number of expected faults of the power distribution line respectively; And/> Respectively the upper and lower output limits of the distributed power supply g, and P g is the active output of the distributed power supply g,/>The active power output after the distributed power supply g is regulated because of the fault of the distribution line k; /(I)And/>Respectively upper and lower limits of power purchase power to an upper power grid, wherein P grid is power purchase power,/>The active power after power purchase adjustment is used for purchasing power to an upper power grid due to the fault of the distribution line k;
(3) Line tide constraint
Wherein, P l,Active power of distribution line l before and after faults occur respectively, S E is the number of faults of the expected distribution line of the distribution network, N L,/>, respectivelyThe number of distribution network branches before and after the occurrence of faults is respectively/>The upper limit of the power of the first branch of the power distribution network;
(4) Climbing constraint
Wherein P g is the active output of the distributed power supply g,The active power output after the distributed power supply g is regulated because of the fault of the distribution line k; p grid is the power of electricity purchase,/>The active power after power purchase adjustment is used for purchasing power to an upper power grid due to the fault of the distribution line k; r g、rgrid is the allowable maximum adjustment quantity of the distributed power source g and the power purchased by the upper power grid respectively, and S G、SE is the distributed power source node of the power distribution network and the number of expected power distribution line faults respectively.
5. A two-stage risk control method for a power distribution network taking into account demand response according to claim 1,
The constraint condition of the correction control method of the power distribution network after the accident is proposed is as follows:
After the fault occurs, in order to ensure the stable operation of the system, the following constraint needs to be satisfied:
(1) Power balance constraint
Wherein,For the actual load value of the distribution network node d,/>And/>The active output power of the distributed power supply g after correction control and the purchase power of the upper power grid are respectively; /(I)The load shedding amount of the node d is used for ensuring the power balance after the fault occurs; s G、SD is the number of distributed power supply nodes and load nodes of the power distribution network respectively;
(2) Upper and lower limit constraints of force
Wherein S G is the number of distributed power supply nodes of the power distribution network,And/>Respectively the upper and lower output limits of the distributed power supply g,/>And/>Respectively upper and lower limits of power purchase power of the upper power grid/power gridAnd/>The active output power of the distributed power supply g after correction control and the purchase power of the upper power grid are respectively;
(3) Line tide constraint
Wherein P l is the active power of the distribution line l after the actual fault occurs,For the number of distribution network branches after actual faults occur,/>The upper limit of the power of the first branch of the power distribution network;
(4) Climbing constraint
Wherein P g is the active power of the distributed power supply g before failure, P grid is the power purchase power before failure,And/>The active output power of the distributed power supply g after correction control and the purchase power of the upper power grid are respectively; r g、rgrid is the allowable maximum adjustment quantity of the distributed power supply g and the power purchased by the upper power grid, and S G is the distributed power supply node number of the power distribution network.
6. A power distribution network two-stage risk control system that considers demand response, the risk control system comprising:
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring load, distributed power supply output and electricity price data required by two-stage risk control of the power distribution network;
the operation risk quantization model building module is used for building a distribution line outage model and building an operation risk quantization model considering fault of the distribution line;
the power distribution network risk control framework building module is used for building a power distribution network two-stage control framework with cooperative prevention control and correction control;
the load demand response model building module is used for building a power and cost model of direct load control;
the power distribution network prevention control model building module is used for building a power distribution network prevention control model of demand response and running risk;
the power distribution network correction control module is used for establishing a power distribution network correction control model after an accident occurs;
the model solving module is used for solving the constructed two-stage risk control model of the power distribution network;
the operation risk quantification model considering the distribution line faults specifically comprises the following steps:
Because of a plurality of uncertain factors existing in the operation process of the power distribution system, the safety operation of the power distribution system has risks, the considered operation risks are derived from potential faults of the power distribution network, and the operation risks of the power distribution network are quantified by adopting the probability of the faults of power distribution network elements and the caused load shedding loss, and the method is concretely as follows
Wherein R isk is the running risk of the power distribution network, and the loss caused by the fault of the power distribution network is the load shedding penalty cost; s E、SD respectively represents the number of expected distribution line faults and the number of load nodes of the distribution network; pi d is the cut load penalty factor,The cut load of the load node d is the cut load of the power distribution line k due to the expected failure;
The power distribution network risk control framework with the cooperative prevention and correction specifically comprises the following components:
According to the sequence of implementing the control measures, a two-stage control frame of the power distribution network with cooperative prevention control and correction control is constructed; assuming that the system fails at the time t=t 0, considering that the system is in a normal running state when t is less than t 0, considering possible expected failure of the system, and performing two-layer optimization control of the power distribution network considering running risks to obtain a power distribution network prevention control scheme; when t is more than t 0, the fault occurs, and the emergency correction control of the power distribution network is carried out based on the prevention control result and the actual output of the photovoltaic; the safe operation of the power distribution network is ensured through coordination of the preventive control and the correction control;
the distribution network prevention control model considering the demand response specifically comprises the following steps:
Objective function: the optimization objective of the preventive control phase consists of two parts: firstly, the running cost of post correction control is considered; secondly, considering the risk cost of potential operation faults, the specific calculation is as follows:
The first term represents the power generation cost of the distributed power supply of the power distribution network, S G is the number of nodes of the distributed power supply of the power distribution network, a g、bg、cg is the power generation cost coefficient of the controllable distributed power supply g, and P g is the active output power of the distributed power supply g; the electricity purchasing cost of the second power distribution network to the upper power grid is pi grid, electricity purchasing price and P grid, electricity purchasing power; the third term is the compensation cost of the load participation demand response, pi DLC is the compensation price of DLC, S D represents the number of load nodes of the power distribution network as the load control quantity of the load node d; fourth and fifth items are respectively the emergency adjustment cost of the controllable distributed power supply and the upper power grid after potential faults occur, sigma k is the outage probability of the distribution line k, pi g is the emergency scheduling cost coefficient of the controllable distributed power supply g,/>For the power distribution line k to fail, the active power output of the distributed power supply g after adjustment,/>The active power after power purchase adjustment is used for purchasing power to an upper power grid due to the fault of the distribution line k; the sixth term is the risk cost, pi d is the cut-load penalty factor,/>The cut load of the load node d is the cut load of the power distribution line k due to the expected failure;
the correction control method for the power distribution network after the accident is proposed specifically comprises the following steps:
Objective function:
When a fault occurs, DLC existing time delay is considered to be carried out, and load participation in demand response is not considered in the stage; therefore, the optimization objective of the correction control phase is to minimize the correction control cost of the power distribution network, and the optimization objective is specifically calculated as follows:
the correction control cost of the power distribution network comprises three parts, wherein the first part is the emergency dispatching cost of the distributed power supply, the second part is the emergency dispatching cost of the upper power grid, and the third part is the load shedding penalty cost; s G、SD is the number of distributed power supply nodes and load nodes of the power distribution network respectively; the active power of the distributed power supply g is generated before the P g fault occurs, the power is purchased before the P grid fault occurs, And/>The active output power of the distributed power supply g after correction control and the purchase power of the upper power grid are respectively; /(I)The load shedding amount of the node d is used for ensuring the power balance after the fault occurs; pi g is an emergency dispatching cost coefficient of the controllable distributed power supply g, pi grid is a power purchase price, and pi d is a load shedding penalty coefficient.
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