CN114019568A - Method for obtaining medium anisotropy and direct-current resistivity method differential device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application relates to a method for acquiring anisotropy of a medium and a direct-current resistivity method differential device. The method comprises the following steps: two orthogonal differential field sources are arranged outside a measuring area of the underground medium detecting area, and each differential field source is formed by combining a first dipole transmitting device and a second dipole transmitting device which are collinear or parallel to each other; two dipole receiving devices which are mutually orthogonal are randomly distributed in the measuring area; the two differential field sources alternately transmit signals, and the two dipole receiving devices simultaneously measure electric field signals from the differential field sources, wherein when each differential field source transmits signals, the currents in the two dipole transmitting devices are equal in magnitude, opposite in direction and equal in polar distance; and obtaining the background current density according to the electric field signal, and further obtaining the apparent resistivity tensor of the measuring point and the rotation invariant of the apparent resistivity tensor. The invention adopts the differential device as the transmitting field source, realizes the measurement of the electric field gradient physically, has resolution obviously superior to a dipole device, and is beneficial to developing three-dimensional fine exploration.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of geophysical exploration, in particular to a method for acquiring anisotropy of a medium and a direct-current resistivity method difference device.
Background
The surface medium of the earth has anisotropic characteristics due to uneven distribution of rock components, faults and other structures generated by geological motion and the like. The direct current method can obtain the anisotropy characteristics of the underground medium by detecting on the ground surface, and the method can provide technical reference for fine inversion of direct current method sounding data. At present, a few direct current resistivity methods for detecting the anisotropy of the underground medium exist, and the method is mainly an apparent resistivity tensor measurement method proposed by Bibby (1986, 1993). The measuring method comprises placing two dipole emission sources orthogonal to each other outside the measuring region, and placing two dipole receiving devices perpendicular to each other on the surface in the measuring region; the two dipole emission sources alternately emit, and the two dipole receiving devices receive signals emitted by the two emission sources, so that the tensor apparent resistivity of the whole region is obtained. The measurement method has the problems of low observation resolution and difficulty in distinguishing the anisotropy of the underground medium body, so that a method for better acquiring the anisotropy characteristic of the underground medium body is urgently needed to be found.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a method and a dc resistivity method differential device capable of obtaining anisotropic characteristics of an underground medium with high resolution by full-area observation.
A method of obtaining anisotropy of a medium, the method comprising:
two mutually orthogonal differential field sources are distributed outside a measuring region of an underground medium detecting region; the differential field source is formed by combining a first dipole transmitting device and a second dipole transmitting device which are collinear or parallel to each other;
two dipole receiving devices which are mutually orthogonal are randomly distributed in the measuring area;
alternately transmitting signals by the two differential field sources; the polar distances of the first dipole transmitting device and the second dipole transmitting device are equal, and when the differential field source transmits signals, the currents in the first dipole transmitting device and the second dipole transmitting device are equal and opposite in direction;
simultaneously measuring electric field signals from the differential field sources by both of the dipole receiving devices;
obtaining a background electric field according to the preset background resistivity and the emission current of the detection area, and further obtaining the background current density; obtaining apparent resistivity tensor of the measuring point according to the electric field signal and the background current density;
and obtaining the rotation invariant of the measured point apparent resistivity tensor according to the apparent resistivity tensor.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: the arrangement direction of a first dipole receiving device in the two dipole receiving devices is taken as the x direction, and the arrangement direction of a second dipole receiving device is taken as the y direction;
when the first differential field source of the two differential field sources transmits signals, the electric field received by the first dipole receiving device is taken as E1xThe electric field received by the second dipole receiving device is E1y；
When the second differential field source of the two differential field sources transmits signals, the electric field received by the first dipole receiving device is taken as E2xThe electric field received by the second dipole receiving device is E2y。
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: obtaining a background electric field according to the preset background resistivity and the emission current of the detection area, and further obtaining a background current density J1x、J1y、J2xAnd J2y；
According to the electric field intensity E1x、E1y、E2x、E2yThe background current density J1x、J1y、J2x、J2yAnd obtaining the apparent resistivity tensor of the measuring point according to a preset apparent resistivity relational expression; the apparent resistivity relation is as follows:
where ρ is1xAnd ρ1yReceiving the TV signals obtained by calculation of the device along the directions of the x axis and the y axis when the first differential field source transmits signals respectivelyResistivity; rho2xAnd ρ2yAnd respectively receiving the apparent resistivity obtained by calculation of the device along the directions of the x axis and the y axis when the second differential field source transmits signals.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: and obtaining the rotation invariants of the measured point apparent resistivity tensor according to the apparent resistivity tensor as follows:
wherein, P2The apparent resistivity tensor for the measurement point is rotated invariant.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: the polar distance of the dipole receiving device is equal to or different from that of the dipole transmitting device in the differential field source, and the relative position of the dipole receiving device and the dipole transmitting device can be adjusted at will.
A direct current resistivity method differential device for acquiring dielectric anisotropy, comprising: the direct-current resistivity method difference device comprises: two differential field sources, two dipole receiving devices;
each differential field source is formed by combining a first dipole transmitting device and a second dipole transmitting device which are collinear or parallel to each other;
the two differential field sources are orthogonal to each other, are positioned outside a measuring area of the underground medium detecting area and are used for alternately transmitting signals;
the two dipole receiving devices are orthogonal to each other, are positioned at any position in a measuring area of the underground medium detecting area and are used for measuring electric field signals from the differential field source.
In one embodiment, the first dipole transmitting means and the second dipole transmitting means have equal pole pitches.
In one embodiment, when the differential field source transmits signals, the currents in the first dipole transmitting device and the second dipole transmitting device are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
In one embodiment, the polar distance of the dipole receiving device is equal to or different from that of the dipole transmitting device in the differential field source, and the relative positions of the dipole receiving device and the dipole transmitting device can be adjusted at will.
The method for acquiring the dielectric anisotropy and the direct-current resistivity method differential device are characterized in that two differential field sources which are mutually orthogonal are distributed outside a measuring area of an underground dielectric detection area, and each differential field source is formed by combining a first dipole transmitting device and a second dipole transmitting device which are mutually collinear or parallel; two dipole receiving devices which are mutually orthogonal are randomly distributed in the measuring area; the two differential field sources alternately transmit signals, and the two dipole receiving devices simultaneously measure electric field signals from the differential field sources, wherein when each differential field source transmits signals, the currents in the two dipole transmitting devices are equal in magnitude, opposite in direction and equal in polar distance; and obtaining a background electric field according to the background resistivity and the emission current of the detection area, then obtaining the background current density, and further obtaining the apparent resistivity tensor of the measuring point and the rotation invariant of the apparent resistivity tensor. The invention adopts the differential device as the emission field source, realizes the measurement of the electric field gradient in physics, and has higher resolution; the resolution ratio of the differential device for measuring the formation anisotropic characteristics is obviously superior to that of a dipole device, so that the resolution ratio and the detection precision of detecting the formation medium anisotropic characteristics by a direct current resistivity method are fundamentally improved, and the three-dimensional fine exploration is favorably developed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for obtaining anisotropy of a medium in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an apparatus according to an embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional model in one embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a graph of apparent resistivity of a conventional dipole device in one embodiment;
fig. 5 is a graph of apparent resistivity for an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the present application is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application.
In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, there is provided a method of acquiring anisotropy of a medium, comprising the steps of:
and 102, distributing two mutually orthogonal differential field sources outside a measuring region of the underground medium detecting region.
The differential field source is formed by combining a first dipole transmitting device and a second dipole transmitting device which are collinear or parallel to each other.
In the prior art, a dipole device is used for measurement, a differential device is used as a transmitting field source, the measurement of the electric field gradient is physically realized, the resolution is obviously superior to that of the dipole device, the resolution and the detection precision of the detection of the anisotropic property of the stratum medium by the direct current resistivity method are fundamentally improved, and the three-dimensional fine exploration is favorably developed.
And 104, randomly distributing two dipole receiving devices which are mutually orthogonal in the measuring area.
At step 106, the two differential field sources alternately transmit signals.
The polar distances of the first dipole transmitting device and the second dipole transmitting device are equal, and when the differential field source transmits signals, the currents in the first dipole transmitting device and the second dipole transmitting device are equal and opposite in direction.
The electric field signals from the differential field sources are simultaneously measured by the two dipole reception devices, step 108.
When any one differential field source transmits signals, the two dipole receiving devices simultaneously carry out electric field measurement.
And step 112, obtaining the rotation invariants of the measured point apparent resistivity tensor according to the apparent resistivity tensor.
The rotational invariance of the apparent resistivity tensor can be used to characterize the anisotropic nature of the subsurface medium.
In the method for acquiring the dielectric anisotropy, two orthogonal differential field sources are arranged outside a measuring area of an underground dielectric detection area, and each differential field source is formed by combining a first dipole transmitting device and a second dipole transmitting device which are collinear or parallel to each other; two dipole receiving devices which are mutually orthogonal are randomly distributed in the measuring area; the two differential field sources alternately transmit signals, and the two dipole receiving devices simultaneously measure electric field signals from the differential field sources, wherein when each differential field source transmits signals, the currents in the two dipole transmitting devices are equal in magnitude, opposite in direction and equal in polar distance; and obtaining a background electric field according to the background resistivity and the emission current of the detection area, then obtaining the background current density, and further obtaining the apparent resistivity tensor of the measuring point and the rotation invariant of the apparent resistivity tensor. The invention adopts the differential device as the emission field source, realizes the measurement of the electric field gradient in physics, and has higher resolution; the resolution ratio of the differential device for measuring the formation anisotropic characteristics is obviously superior to that of a dipole device, so that the resolution ratio and the detection precision of detecting the formation medium anisotropic characteristics by a direct current resistivity method are fundamentally improved, and the three-dimensional fine exploration is favorably developed.
It should be understood that, although the steps in the flowchart of fig. 1 are shown in order as indicated by the arrows, the steps are not necessarily performed in order as indicated by the arrows. The steps are not performed in the exact order shown and described, and may be performed in other orders, unless explicitly stated otherwise. Moreover, at least a portion of the steps in fig. 1 may include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages that are not necessarily performed at the same time, but may be performed at different times, and the order of performance of the sub-steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but may be performed in turn or alternately with other steps or at least a portion of the sub-steps or stages of other steps.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: the arrangement direction of a first dipole receiving device in the two dipole receiving devices is taken as the x direction, and the arrangement direction of a second dipole receiving device is taken as the y direction; when two differencesWhen a first differential field source in the field splitting source transmits signals, the electric field received by the first dipole receiving device is taken as E1xThe electric field received by the second dipole reception device is E1y(ii) a When the second differential field source of the two differential field sources transmits signals, the electric field received by the first dipole receiving device is taken as E2xThe electric field received by the second dipole reception device is E2y。
Calculating the current density of the corresponding measuring point when the measuring area is an isotropic background model, wherein when the differential transmitting field source along the first direction transmits signals, the current density received by the dipole receiving device along the x axis is J1xThe dipole reception device along the y-axis receives a current density of J1y(ii) a When the differential transmitting field source along the second direction transmits signals, the current density received by the dipole receiving device along the x-axis is J2xThe dipole reception device along the y-axis receives a current density of J2y；
According to the electric field intensity E1x、E1y、E2x、E2yBackground current density J1x、J1y、J2x、J2yAnd obtaining the apparent resistivity tensor of the measuring point according to a preset apparent resistivity relational expression; the apparent resistivity relationship is:
where ρ is1xAnd ρ1yRespectively receiving apparent resistivity obtained by calculation of the device along the directions of the x axis and the y axis when the first differential field source transmits signals; rho2xAnd ρ2yAnd respectively receiving the apparent resistivity obtained by calculation by the device along the directions of the x axis and the y axis when the second differential field source transmits signals.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: obtaining the rotation invariants of the measured point apparent resistivity tensor according to the apparent resistivity tensor as follows:
wherein, P2The apparent resistivity tensor for the measurement point is rotated invariant.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: the polar distance of the dipole receiving device is equal to or different from that of the dipole transmitting device in the differential field source, and the relative positions of the dipole receiving device and the dipole transmitting device can be adjusted at will.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, there is provided a dc resistivity method differential apparatus for obtaining anisotropy of a medium, including: the direct-current resistivity method differential device comprises: two differential field sources, two dipole receiving devices; each differential field source is formed by combining a first dipole transmitting device and a second dipole transmitting device which are collinear or parallel to each other; the two differential field sources are orthogonal to each other, are positioned outside a measuring area of the underground medium detecting area and are used for alternately transmitting signals; the two dipole receiving devices are orthogonal to each other and are positioned at any position in a measuring area of the underground medium detection area and used for measuring electric field signals from the differential field source.
Specifically, a11 and B11 are two electrodes of a first dipole radiating arrangement in a first direction, a12 and B12 are two electrodes of a second dipole radiating arrangement in the first direction, and these two dipole arrangements in combination constitute a differential field source in the first direction as a differential radiating arrangement; a21 and B21 are two electrodes of a first dipole radiating arrangement in the second direction, and a22 and B22 are two electrodes of a second dipole radiating arrangement in the second direction, which in combination constitute a differential field source in the second direction as a differential radiating arrangement. N1 and M1 are the two electrodes of the dipole reception device in the y-direction, and N2 and M2 are the two electrodes of the dipole reception device in the x-direction.
In one embodiment, the first dipole transmitting means and the second dipole transmitting means have equal pole pitches. When the differential field source transmits signals, the currents in the first dipole transmitting device and the second dipole transmitting device are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
In one embodiment, the polar distance of the dipole receiving device is equal to or different from that of the dipole transmitting device in the differential field source, and the relative positions of the dipole receiving device and the dipole transmitting device can be adjusted at will.
In one embodiment, a schematic diagram of a prism model with anisotropic resistivity in a resistivity-isotropic half-space is shown in fig. 3. The prism has a size of 100m × 100m × 50m, three principal axes anisotropic resistivity of 10/1/20 Ω · m, corresponding euler angles of 30 °/60 °/90 °, a distance from its top surface to the ground surface of 50m, a projection of the center point of the prism on the ground surface as the origin of a coordinate system, and background resistivity of 100 Ω · m. The four electrode coordinates of the differential field source along the first direction are a11(880,120,0), B11(920,80,0), a12(960,40,0), B12(1000,0,0), respectively. The four electrode coordinates of the differential field source in the second direction are a21(880, -120,0), B21(920, -80,0), a22(960, -40,0), B22(1000,0,0), respectively, in meters. FIG. 4 is a graph of apparent resistivity of a conventional dipole device; figure 5 apparent resistivity diagram of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 4 and 5, compared with the observation of the conventional dipole device, the method has a focusing effect on the anomaly, and the observation result is more real in response to the shape and size of the anisotropic anomaly, i.e., the resolution is higher, and the detection precision is better.
The technical features of the above embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are not described, but should be considered as the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present application, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, which falls within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method of obtaining anisotropy in a medium, the method comprising:
two mutually orthogonal differential field sources are distributed outside a measuring region of an underground medium detecting region; the differential field source is formed by combining a first dipole transmitting device and a second dipole transmitting device which are collinear or parallel to each other;
two dipole receiving devices which are mutually orthogonal are randomly distributed in the measuring area;
alternately transmitting signals by the two differential field sources; the polar distances of the first dipole transmitting device and the second dipole transmitting device are equal, and when the differential field source transmits signals, the currents in the first dipole transmitting device and the second dipole transmitting device are equal and opposite in direction;
simultaneously measuring electric field signals from the differential field sources by both of the dipole receiving devices;
obtaining a background electric field according to the preset background resistivity and the emission current of the detection area, and further obtaining the background current density; obtaining apparent resistivity tensor of the measuring point according to the electric field signal and the background current density;
and obtaining the rotation invariant of the measured point apparent resistivity tensor according to the apparent resistivity tensor.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein simultaneously measuring electric field signals from the differential field sources by two of the dipole receiving devices comprises:
the arrangement direction of a first dipole receiving device in the two dipole receiving devices is taken as the x direction, and the arrangement direction of a second dipole receiving device is taken as the y direction;
when the first differential field source of the two differential field sources transmits signals, the electric field received by the first dipole receiving device is taken as E1xThe electric field received by the second dipole receiving device is E1y；
When the second differential field source of the two differential field sources transmits signals, the electric field received by the first dipole receiving device is taken as E2xThe electric field received by the second dipole receiving device is E2y。
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the background electric field is obtained according to the preset background resistivity and the emission current of the detection region, and further the background current density is obtained; obtaining an apparent resistivity tensor of the measuring point according to the electric field signal and the background current density, wherein the apparent resistivity tensor comprises the following steps:
obtaining a background electric field according to the preset background resistivity and the emission current of the detection area, and further obtaining a background current density J1x、J1y、J2xAnd J2y；
According to the electric field intensity E1x、E1y、E2x、E2yThe background current density J1x、J1y、J2x、J2yAnd obtaining the apparent resistivity tensor of the measuring point according to a preset apparent resistivity relational expression; the apparent resistivity relation is as follows:
where ρ is1xAnd ρ1yRespectively receiving apparent resistivity obtained by calculation of a device along the directions of an x axis and a y axis when the first differential field source transmits signals; rho2xAnd ρ2yAnd respectively receiving the apparent resistivity obtained by calculation of the device along the directions of the x axis and the y axis when the second differential field source transmits signals.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein deriving a rotational invariant of the measured point apparent resistivity tensor from the apparent resistivity tensor comprises:
and obtaining the rotation invariants of the measured point apparent resistivity tensor according to the apparent resistivity tensor as follows:
wherein, P2The apparent resistivity tensor for the measurement point is rotated invariant.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the dipole reception means has a polar distance equal to or different from that of the dipole transmission means in the differential field source, and the relative positions of the dipole reception means and the dipole transmission means can be arbitrarily adjusted.
6. A direct current resistivity method differential device for obtaining dielectric anisotropy is characterized by comprising the following steps: two differential field sources, two dipole receiving devices;
each differential field source is formed by combining a first dipole transmitting device and a second dipole transmitting device which are collinear or parallel to each other;
the two differential field sources are orthogonal to each other, are positioned outside a measuring area of the underground medium detecting area and are used for alternately transmitting signals;
the two dipole receiving devices are orthogonal to each other, are positioned at any position in a measuring area of the underground medium detecting area and are used for measuring electric field signals from the differential field source.
7. The apparatus of claim 6 wherein the first dipole transmitting means and the second dipole transmitting means have pole pitches of equal size.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the currents in the first dipole transmitting means and the second dipole transmitting means are equal and opposite when the differential field source is transmitting.
9. The device of claim 8, wherein the dipole reception device has a polar distance equal to or different from that of the dipole transmission device in the differential field source, and the relative positions of the dipole reception device and the dipole transmission device can be arbitrarily adjusted.
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