CN114018912A - Test method for influence of different additives on quality of ryegrass silage - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a test method for influence of different additives on the ensiling quality of ryegrass, which relates to the technical field of ensiling additives and comprises the following steps: step S1: selecting an additive; step S2: collecting raw materials; step S3: adding an additive; step S4: sealing and storing; step S5: extracting raw materials; step S6: detecting and analyzing; step S7: and (6) statistics and summarization. The method has the effects of taking the lolium multiflorum as the raw material, determining the indexes of sensory evaluation, nutrient content, fermentation quality and the like of the silage under different treatment conditions by researching the influence of the treatment of adding different additives on the quality of the silage, finding the optimal treatment conditions of the silage, and providing theoretical basis for the silage of the lolium multiflorum.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of silage additives, in particular to a test method for influence of different additives on ryegrass silage quality.
Background
Ryegrass is a main gramineous forage grass cultivated in a large area in the south of China, has the characteristics of high growth speed, high yield, high nutritional value, good palatability and the like, and is one of common forage grass varieties in animal husbandry production.
But because the fresh ryegrass grass has higher water content, is easy to rot and is not easy to store.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for testing the influence of different additives on the quality of ryegrass silage, which is characterized in that ryegrass is used as a raw material in the test, the influence of treatment by adding different additives on the quality of ryegrass silage is researched, indexes such as sensory evaluation, nutrient components, fermentation quality and the like of the silage under different treatment conditions are measured, the optimal treatment condition of the silage is found, the effect of providing a theoretical basis for the silage of the ryegrass is achieved, and the problems that the fresh grass of the existing ryegrass is high in water content, easy to rot and difficult to store are solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a test method for testing the influence of different additives on the quality of ryegrass silage comprises the following steps:
step S1: selecting additives, namely selecting a formic acid group additive, a lactic acid bacteria group additive, a cellulase group additive, a comparison group additive and a lactic acid bacteria and cellulase group mixed group additive, and dividing into five treatment groups;
step S2: collecting raw materials, dehydrating fresh Lolium Perenne to wilting, and cutting into 3-5cm size;
step S3: adding an additive, namely uniformly spraying the additive on the cut ryegrass, and enabling the water content of the additive to be 65-75%;
step S4: sealing and storing, namely weighing 700g of finished product obtained in the step S3, quickly filling into 500ml of silage bottles, compacting by using force, covering an outer cover, sealing, taking back to a laboratory, storing at room temperature in a dark environment for 60 days;
step S5: extracting raw materials, opening a silage bottle, taking out silage, mixing uniformly, weighing 150g of samples, putting the samples into a 1000ml beaker, adding distilled water, wherein the ratio of the samples to the distilled water is 1:2, leaching the samples for 24 hours at 4 ℃, filtering the solution by using two layers of gauze, collecting filtrate, obtaining liquid which is silage leaching liquor, putting the leaching liquor into a freezing refrigerator at-20 ℃ for storage to be tested, collecting the rest silage samples, putting the silage samples into a drying oven at 65 ℃, drying the silage samples, and storing the silage samples in a sealed bag for testing;
step S6: detecting and analyzing, namely performing sensory evaluation detection, nutrient component determination detection and fermentation quality determination detection on the raw materials;
step S7: and Statistics and summary, wherein the test data are subjected to data processing and summary analysis by using EXCEL and SPSS Statistics.
Optionally, the five additives selected in step S1 may be placed in five containers, and different color papers and corresponding additive names are pasted on the surfaces of the containers.
Optionally, the formic acid group additive in step S1 has a formic acid content of 6ml/kg, the lactic acid bacteria group is added to the additive according to a ratio of 1:100, the cellulase group additive is added with 0.05% of cellulase, and the control group is a mixed group additive in which no additive is added, only distilled water is added, and the lactic acid bacteria and the cellulase group additive are added simultaneously according to a ratio of 1:100 and 0.05% of cellulase.
Optionally, the cut ryegrass may be further trimmed by a guillotine and then mixed uniformly in step S2.
Optionally, in step S3, when the additive is added to the ryegrass, the operation addition may be performed in a larger protection box.
Alternatively, multiple rapid presses in conjunction with vacuum extraction may be undertaken in step S4, with multiple sealing rings being provided on the silage bottle.
Optionally, the sensory evaluation and detection of the raw materials in step S6 includes evaluation and detection of odor, stem and leaf structure, color and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention can detect the dry matter content, crude protein content, crude fat content and the content of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber in the raw material by measuring and detecting the nutrient content of the raw material.
Secondly, sensory evaluation and detection are carried out on the raw materials, so that the sensory influence degrees of different additives on the raw materials can be preliminarily obtained.
The invention can detect the pH value, the ammonia nitrogen content, the lactic acid content and the soluble carbohydrate content by measuring and detecting the fermentation quality of the raw materials.
And the five groups of treatment groups are arranged, so that different additive ryegrass silage quality influences can be obtained in a multi-angle and all-around manner, and the additives of the comparison group are arranged, so that each group of treatment groups can be compared in real time, and a user can conveniently perform test operation.
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FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the structure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a test method for testing the influence of different additives on the quality of ryegrass silage comprises the following steps:
step S1: the additive is selected, formic acid group additives, lactic acid bacteria group additives, cellulase group additives, comparison group additives and lactic acid bacteria and cellulase group mixed group additives are selected, the five treatment groups are divided into five treatment groups, the five treatment groups are arranged, different additive ryegrass silage quality influences can be obtained in a multi-angle and all-around mode, and the comparison group additives are arranged simultaneously, so that each treatment group can be compared in real time, and a user can conveniently perform test operation.
Step S2: collecting raw materials, dehydrating fresh ryegrass to wilting and cutting into 3-5cm, and cutting ryegrass into 3-5cm for facilitating subsequent test operation of a user.
Step S3: and (3) adding the additive, namely uniformly spraying the additive on the cut ryegrass, and enabling the water content of the ryegrass to be 65-75%, so that the water content of the ryegrass can be kept within a certain range after the additive is added, and the test is favorably carried out smoothly.
Step S4: and (4) sealing and storing, namely weighing 700g of finished products obtained in the step S3 respectively, quickly filling the finished products into 500ml of silage bottles, pressing and compacting the finished products with force, then covering an outer cover, sealing the outer cover, finally bringing the outer cover back to the laboratory, placing the outer cover under the condition of room temperature and storing the outer cover in a dark environment for 60 days, and sealing and storing the outer cover in the dark environment to reduce errors generated in the test in the process of waiting for the test result so as to improve the accuracy of the test.
Step S5: extracting raw materials, opening a silage bottle, taking out silage, mixing uniformly, weighing 150g of samples, putting the samples into a 1000ml beaker, adding distilled water, wherein the ratio of the samples to the distilled water is 1:2, leaching the samples for 24 hours at 4 ℃, filtering the samples by using two layers of gauze, collecting filtrate, wherein the obtained liquid is silage leaching liquor, putting the leaching liquor into a freezing refrigerator at-20 ℃ for storage and testing, collecting the rest silage samples, putting the silage samples into a drying oven at 65 ℃, storing the silage samples in a sealed bag for testing, and extracting the silage leaching liquor rapidly through the raw material extraction step so as to meet the test requirements of users.
Step S6: detection and analysis, namely performing sensory evaluation detection, nutrient component determination detection and fermentation quality determination detection on the raw materials, and preliminarily obtaining the influence degrees of different additives on the raw materials by performing sensory evaluation detection on the raw materials;
detecting the nutrient content of the raw materials to detect the dry matter content, crude protein content, crude fat content and neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber content in the raw materials, placing the silage in a 105 ℃ oven to be dried to constant weight, cooling, weighing, and calculating to obtain the dry matter content; directly measuring the content of crude protein by using a Kjeldahl azotometer; directly measuring the content of crude fat by using an automatic fat extractor; the content of neutral and acid scour fibres was determined according to the methods in GB/T20806-2006 and NY/T1459-2007. After detection and analysis, the dry matter content difference among the groups is not large, wherein the mixed group of the lactobacillus and the cellulase group is obviously higher than that of the lactobacillus group; and the crude protein content of each test group has obvious difference (P is less than 0.05), wherein the cellulase group is the highest, and then the mixed group of lactobacillus and cellulase group is adopted; the crude fat content was not significantly different between the treatment groups; and the content of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, the cellulase group and the mixed group of lactobacillus and cellulase group are obviously lower than that of other treatment groups (P is less than 0.05).
Performing fermentation quality determination and detection on the raw materials, detecting the pH value, the ammonia nitrogen content, the lactic acid content and the soluble carbohydrate content, and directly determining the pH value of the filtrate to be detected by a Shanghai Lei magnetic pH meter; measuring the content of ammoniacal nitrogen by using a phenol sodium hypochlorite colorimetric method according to a standard curve of ammonium chloride; measuring the content of lactic acid by using a p-hydroxybiphenyl colorimetric method through a standard curve; the soluble carbohydrate content was determined by using anthrone-sulphuric acid colorimetry according to a glucose standard curve. After detection and analysis, the pH values of other groups except the control group and the lactobacillus group are lower than 4.2, and the standard of excellent silage pH is met; the ammonia nitrogen content of the formic acid group is the lowest, the ammonia nitrogen content of the formic acid group and the mixed group of the lactic acid bacteria and the cellulase group is obviously reduced (P is less than 0.05) compared with the other two additive groups, and the ammonia nitrogen content of the mixed group of the lactic acid bacteria and the cellulase group is obviously reduced (P is less than 0.05) compared with the control group; the lactic acid content of the mixed group of lactic acid bacteria and cellulase and the lactic acid content of the cellulase group are obviously increased compared with other treatment groups (P < 0.05), and the soluble carbohydrate content of each group is not obviously different.
Step S7: statistics and summary, wherein the test data are processed and summarized and analyzed by EXCEL and SPSS statics, and the data of EXCEL and SPSS statics are summarized and processed, so that a user can observe the influence data of different additives on the quality of ryegrass silage more visually, and the test efficiency is improved.
In order to ensure the normal operation of the test, further, the five additives selected in step S1 may be placed in five containers, and different color papers and corresponding additive names are pasted on the surfaces of the containers, so that the five containers are convenient to store separately, thereby avoiding confusion and misplacement, and avoiding the failure of the test.
Further, the formic acid group additive in step S1 has a formic acid content of 6ml/kg, the lactic acid bacteria group additive is added with lactic acid bacteria in a ratio of 1:100, the cellulase group additive is added with cellulase 0.05%, the control group is added with distilled water without any additive, and the lactic acid bacteria and cellulase group mixed additive is added with lactic acid bacteria and cellulase 0.05% at the same time in a ratio of 1: 100. The addition amounts of the lactobacillus group additive and the cellulase group additive are added according to the product specification, and the influence degree on the quality can be detected more conveniently and visually by a user through the design range of the content of each group of additives.
In order to improve the test precision, further, in step S2, the cut ryegrass can be further trimmed by a guillotine and then uniformly mixed, and through further trimming, the specification of the ryegrass can meet the test requirement, so as to improve the test precision.
In order to avoid environmental pollution, further, in step S3, when the additive is added to the ryegrass, the additive can be added in a larger protection box, and by setting the protection box, the situation that different additives pollute the environment is avoided.
In order to reduce the error of the test, further, in step S4, multiple rapid pressing operations in cooperation with vacuum extraction may be adopted, and multiple sealing rings may be disposed on the silage bottle to achieve the compacting and sealing effects through multiple rapid vacuum extraction operations in cooperation with vacuum extraction, and the sealing performance of the silage bottle may be improved by disposing multiple sealing rings on the silage bottle.
In order to perform comprehensive detection and evaluation on the raw materials in sense, further, the raw materials subjected to the sensory evaluation detection in the step S6 include the aspects of smell, stem leaf structure, color and luster and the like, compared with the additives of the control group, the raw materials added with the formic acid group additive, the cellulase group additive and the lactic acid bacteria and cellulase group mixed group additive are yellowish green in color, strong in sourness and aromatic in smell, the stem leaf structure slightly deforms except the cellulase group additive on the texture, and the structures of the formic acid group additive, the lactic acid bacteria and cellulase group mixed group additive are kept good. The sensory quality grades of the raw materials added with the formic acid group additive, the lactic acid bacteria group additive and the cellulase group additive are all good, and the sensory quality grade of the raw materials added with the lactic acid bacteria and cellulase group mixed additive is the highest
Summary analysis:
1. effect of different additives on the sensory quality of silage:
the sensory quality total score is graded from three aspects of color, smell, stem leaf structure and the like, the additive treatment group is better than the control group, and the use of the additive in the ensiling process is proved to be a means for effectively improving the ensiling quality; formic acid in the formic acid group is used as organic acid, so that the growth of harmful bacteria and microorganisms can be effectively inhibited; the lactic acid bacteria in the lactic acid bacteria group can generate lactic acid, so that a favorable propagation environment is provided for beneficial bacteria; the structure preservation of cellulase groups is the worst, probably because cellulase can change the fiber structure of plants, and the decomposed products provide favorable propagation environment for harmful bacteria, thereby reducing the silage quality; meanwhile, the test group added with the lactic acid bacteria and the cellulase has the highest evaluation grade, because the propagation of harmful bacteria is effectively inhibited under the coordination effect of the lactic acid bacteria and the cellulase, simultaneously, the mass propagation of beneficial bacteria is realized, and the sensory quality of silage is improved.
2. Effect of different additives on silage nutritional ingredients:
the dry matter content and the crude protein content of the silage treated by the cellulase group and the mixed group of the lactobacillus and the cellulase group are both improved because harmful microorganisms cannot survive due to the reproduction of the lactobacillus so as to keep the nutrient components in the ryegrass; the added cellulase can effectively reduce the decomposition of protein in the pasture grass ensiling process, so that the nitrogen loss of the two test groups is less, the contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber are reduced, the added cellulase can destroy the structure of plant cells and decompose the cellulose in the plant cells, and better conditions are provided for the fermentation of lactic acid bacteria.
3. Influence of different additives on the fermentation quality of silage:
the pH value of the excellent silage should be within the range of 3.8-4.2, the pH value of the formic acid group in the test is the lowest because hydrogen ions in the formic acid directly reduce the pH value of a silage sample, the cellulose and the lactic acid bacteria in the mixed group of the lactic acid bacteria and the cellulose group can lead lactic acid to propagate massively in the early stage and quickly reduce the pH value of the silage material, ammonia nitrogen is an index of the decomposition degree of amino acid and protein in the silage, the larger the value of the ammonia nitrogen indicates that the decomposition degree is larger, the poorer the fermentation quality is, the lower the ammonia nitrogen in the mixed group of the formic acid group, the lactic acid bacteria and the cellulose group in the test indicates that the protein and the amino acid are good in keeping effect, the lactic acid content is acid generated in the silage process, is the most main acidic substance in the silage and can directly reflect the silage pH value, so the reason that the lactic acid content of the lactic acid group is low can be related to the high pH value, in addition, the lactic acid content of the feed treated by the cellulase group is obviously improved.
And (4) conclusion:
in conclusion, the silage added with different additives can play a positive role in the quality of the silage of ryegrass, wherein the mixed group of the lactobacillus and the cellulase group has the highest sensory evaluation grade, moderate pH value and obviously higher contents of crude protein and lactic acid than the control group, and is only inferior to the cellulase group in the test group; compared with a control group, the neutral detergent fiber, the acid detergent fiber and the ammonia nitrogen content are obviously reduced, the neutral detergent fiber content is the lowest in a test group, and the acid detergent fiber content and the ammonia nitrogen content are respectively inferior to a cellulase group and a formic acid group, so that the quality of the ryegrass silage treated by the lactobacillus and cellulase mixed additive is the best according to the comprehensive performance of the ryegrass silage.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. A test method for the influence of different additives on the quality of ryegrass silage is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step S1: selecting additives, namely selecting a formic acid group additive, a lactic acid bacteria group additive, a cellulase group additive, a comparison group additive and a lactic acid bacteria and cellulase group mixed group additive, and dividing into five treatment groups;
step S2: collecting raw materials, dehydrating fresh Lolium Perenne to wilting, and cutting into 3-5cm size;
step S3: adding an additive, namely uniformly spraying the additive on the cut ryegrass, and enabling the water content of the additive to be 65-75%;
step S4: sealing and storing, namely weighing 700g of finished product obtained in the step S3, quickly filling into 500ml of silage bottles, compacting by using force, covering an outer cover, sealing, taking back to a laboratory, storing at room temperature in a dark environment for 60 days;
step S5: extracting raw materials, opening a silage bottle, taking out silage, mixing uniformly, weighing 150g of samples, putting the samples into a 1000ml beaker, adding distilled water, wherein the ratio of the samples to the distilled water is 1:2, leaching the samples for 24 hours at 4 ℃, filtering the solution by using two layers of gauze, collecting filtrate, obtaining liquid which is silage leaching liquor, putting the leaching liquor into a freezing refrigerator at-20 ℃ for storage to be tested, collecting the rest silage samples, putting the silage samples into a drying oven at 65 ℃, drying the silage samples, and storing the silage samples in a sealed bag for testing;
step S6: detecting and analyzing, namely performing sensory evaluation detection, nutrient component determination detection and fermentation quality determination detection on the raw materials;
step S7: and Statistics and summary, wherein the test data are subjected to data processing and summary analysis by using EXCEL and SPSS Statistics.
2. The method of testing the effect of different additives on the quality of ensilage of ryegrass according to claim 1, characterized by: the five additives selected in the step S1 are placed in five containers, and different color papers and corresponding additive names are adhered to the surfaces of the containers.
3. Method for testing the effect of different additives on the quality of ryegrass silage according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the formic acid group additive in the step S1 has a formic acid content of 6ml/kg, the lactic acid bacteria group additive is added with lactic acid bacteria according to a ratio of 1:100, the cellulase group additive is added with cellulase 0.05%, the control group is a mixed group additive which is not added with any additive and is only added with distilled water, and the lactic acid bacteria and the cellulase group additive can be simultaneously added with lactic acid bacteria and cellulase 0.05% according to a ratio of 1: 100.
4. Method for testing the effect of different additives on the quality of ryegrass silage according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in step S2, the cut ryegrass is further trimmed by a guillotine and then mixed evenly.
5. The method of testing the effect of different additives on the quality of ensilage of ryegrass according to claim 1, characterized by: in step S3, when the additive is added to ryegrass, the operation is added in a large protection box.
6. Method for testing the effect of different additives on the quality of ryegrass silage according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in the step S4, multiple times of rapid pressing are adopted and vacuum extraction is matched, and a multi-layer sealing ring is arranged on the silage bottle.
7. The method of testing the effect of different additives on the quality of ensilage of ryegrass according to claim 1, characterized by: the sensory evaluation and detection of the raw materials in the step S6 comprises evaluation and detection of aspects such as smell, stem leaf structure, color and the like.
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| 关皓;张明均;宋珊;郭旭生;干友民;: "添加剂对不同干物质含量的多花黑麦草青贮品质的影响", 草业科学, no. 10, pages 185 - 191 * |
| 韩立英;玉柱;: "不同添加剂对青贮新麦草的影响", 草原与草坪, no. 05, pages 18 - 21 * |
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