CN114018491B - Oil pressure shock absorber tightness detection method - Google Patents
Oil pressure shock absorber tightness detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114018491B CN114018491B CN202111321309.7A CN202111321309A CN114018491B CN 114018491 B CN114018491 B CN 114018491B CN 202111321309 A CN202111321309 A CN 202111321309A CN 114018491 B CN114018491 B CN 114018491B
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- damper
- oil pressure
- tightness
- oil
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
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- Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting tightness of an oil pressure shock absorber. The method comprises the following steps: 1. one or more shock absorbers under test are placed into a closed chamber. 2. And vacuumizing the closed cavity with the tested shock absorber. 3. And after the preset test duration and pressure, taking out the tested vibration damper, and observing whether oil exudes from the sealing part of the tested vibration damper, thereby judging whether the tested vibration damper meets the requirement of tightness. According to the invention, the oil pressure damper is placed in a vacuum environment for sealing performance test, and the sealing reliability of the oil pressure damper is rapidly detected by utilizing the internal and external pressure difference of the oil pressure damper. According to the invention, the oil pressure damper is compressed to the shortest state before testing, the internal pressure is larger than 1 atmosphere, the internal pressure difference and the external pressure difference of the oil pressure damper are further increased under the vacuum environment, the internal pressure pushes the oil pressure damper to automatically extend, and the detection of the sealing performance of the cooperation between different positions of the piston rod and the guiding sealing part is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of oil pressure vibration absorbers for rail locomotives and vehicles. In particular, the present invention relates to a method for detecting the tightness of an oil pressure damper for rail vehicles.
Background
An existing typical oil pressure shock absorber is shown in fig. 1 and comprises an oil storage cylinder part, a piston rod and an outer shell, wherein the positions related to leakage are a guide sealing position 1 on the oil storage cylinder part, an oil storage cylinder barrel 2, an oil storage cylinder welding line 3 and an oil storage cylinder end cover 4 respectively. Before the shock absorber is assembled, the defect of oil leakage caused by the oil storage cylinder barrel body 2, the oil storage cylinder welding line 3 and the oil storage cylinder end cover 4 can be identified and controlled through nondestructive inspection and airtight inspection, and after the shock absorber leaves a factory, the oil leakage fault of the shock absorber is almost zero; the sealing function of the guiding sealing part 1 is realized after the shock absorber is assembled, oil leakage faults of the part are caused by defects of parts per se, and poor technology in the assembling process, after leaving a factory, the shock absorber is subjected to transportation vibration and long-time storage, and the shock absorber sometimes has the oil leakage condition before loading; at present, a quick and effective checking means is not available, and the shock absorber which has quality defects in sealing and high oil leakage risk is identified before delivery.
Two common seal structures and leakage modes of the oil pressure shock absorber are shown in fig. 2a and 2 b; FIG. 2a shows a sealing configuration of a corrugated oil seal + O-ring; fig. 2b shows the seal structure of the skeleton oil seal and the O-ring. In the sealing structure of fig. 2a, the wave-shaped oil seal consists of a bottom plate 1-1, a wave part 1-2 and a main sealing sleeve 1-3; in the sealing structure of fig. 2b, the framework oil seal consists of a framework 1-4 and a main seal 1-5. The factors that lead to oil leakage from the damper are:
1. o-shaped ring, unreasonable wire diameter size, material shortage on the surface, unsmooth parting surface, misplacement of upper and lower dies, and the like, and the O-shaped ring is sheared due to improper operation in the assembly process.
2. The wave-shaped oil seal has the advantages that the inner diameter of the main seal is large, the outer diameter of the main seal is small, the sealing blade is damaged, the wave-shaped part is cracked, and the like, and when the wave-shaped oil seal is assembled, the bottom plate is deflected or not pressed, and the outer diameter of the main seal is provided with a clamping ring in a leakage way;
3. and the framework oil seal has large sealing blade size, damaged sealing blade and the like, and sealing surfaces are damaged due to axial uncompacted or improper compaction during assembly.
The oil pressure damper of rail locomotive vehicles is divided into two states: and (5) newly manufacturing and overhauling. The sealing parts used for newly manufactured vibration dampers and overhauling vibration dampers are all new parts, and the sealing parts are completely identical in state; the greatest difference lies in: parts used for overhauling the shock absorber are used, and states of other parts are changed. The maintenance of the oil leakage of the shock absorber is related to the states of other parts, such as surface scratches and roughness of a piston rod, local deformation of an oil storage cylinder and the like, besides the sealing element. After the product is assembled, the product is placed for a certain time, part of the product is leaked, the part of the product can be identified and isolated, part of the product does not show leakage faults before leaving the factory, the product is vibrated or stored for a long time in the transportation process, the leakage of the product is shown, the problem is caused before loading, and the produced influence is very serious.
In order to reduce the oil leakage problem of products before loading, some enterprises take measures:
1. as shown in figure 3, a certain number of shock absorbers are placed in a baking oven or a tunnel furnace 5 after assembly, an electric heating tube 6 is arranged in a box body, the temperature of the box body is increased by a resistance heating method, heat is conducted to the shock absorbers 7, the gas is heated and expanded due to the fact that gas is stored in the shock absorbers, the internal pressure of the shock absorbers is increased and is higher than the external environment pressure, and oil liquid is forced to leak through pressure difference between the internal pressure and the external pressure.
2. The mechanical temperature rising leakage method is schematically shown in a fourth drawing, the device can be a crank-slider mechanism, a slider 9 is driven to reciprocate by a crank 8 to perform linear motion, or other devices capable of achieving linear motion can be used, an assembled single shock absorber 7 is arranged on the slider 9 and a fixed seat 10, the shock absorber is driven to perform stretching and compression motion by the reciprocating motion of the slider, oil liquid is rubbed through a valve system in the stretching and compression processes of the shock absorber, the temperature of the oil liquid is increased, internal air is heated and expanded, internal pressure of the shock absorber is increased, pressure difference is generated between the internal part and the external part of the shock absorber, and the shock absorber is forced to generate leakage tendency.
According to the two leakage methods, the temperature of the shock absorber is increased, the volume of the internal air is expanded, the pressure higher than the external pressure is generated, the pressure difference is built, the shock absorber is forced to leak, once the sealing fails, oil can leak to the outside from the sealing part, and whether the shock absorber leaks oil is judged through visual observation.
Problems of the prior art: (1) The electric heating leakage method requires about 3 hours from heating, heat preservation to cooling, and has long time and high energy consumption; (2) The mechanical temperature rise leakage method has low efficiency of about 5-7 minutes in single operation, and if the shock absorber is not well centered in the process of operation, the risk of the piston rod being strained or bent exists, and part of the shock absorber is damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a device for detecting tightness of an oil pressure shock absorber.
The method for detecting the tightness of the oil pressure shock absorber comprises the following specific steps:
step one, placing one or more tested vibration dampers into a closed chamber.
And step two, vacuumizing a closed cavity provided with the tested damper.
And thirdly, after a preset test period, taking out the tested vibration damper, and observing whether oil exudes from the sealing part of the tested vibration damper, thereby judging whether the tested vibration damper meets the requirement of tightness.
Preferably, the measured vibration damper installed in the closed chamber is arranged obliquely or vertically, and one end of the piston rod is arranged obliquely downwards or vertically downwards, so that the inner side of the guiding sealing part of the measured vibration damper is completely immersed by oil liquid.
Preferably, in the first step, the vibration damper to be tested placed in the closed chamber is compressed to the shortest state. In the second step, after the air pressure in the closed cavity is reduced, the internal pressure of the measured vibration damper forces the measured vibration damper to extend, different parts of the piston rod of the measured vibration damper pass through the guiding sealing part, and the tightness of the matching of the different parts of the piston rod and the guiding sealing part is detected.
Preferably, in the second step, the vacuum degree in the closed chamber is maintained within a preset vacuum degree range through negative feedback adjustment.
Preferably, in the second step, the vacuum degree in the closed chamber is maintained within a range of 50Pa to 150 Pa.
Preferably, the tightness detecting device used in the method for detecting tightness of the oil pressure shock absorber comprises a box body, a vacuum pump and an evacuation valve. The extraction opening of the vacuum pump is connected with the inner cavity of the box body through an evacuation valve. In the working process, the inner cavity of the box body is sealed with the external environment; the tank is capable of housing the hydraulic damper for which tightness is to be detected, and placing the hydraulic damper in an environment below the normal atmospheric pressure.
Preferably, the detection device further comprises a tooling plate; the tooling plate can be put into the box body. The top of frock board is provided with the slope and puts the position. The inclined placing position is used for placing the oil pressure damper, so that the oil pressure damper is kept in an inclined placing mode.
Preferably, the box body is provided with a box door; the box door can be opened or closed under the control of a power element or a person; the box door is sealed with the side opening of the box body through a rubber sealing strip in a closed state. The bottom of the inner cavity of the box body is provided with a roller slideway taking a box door as a starting point; a sliding plate is arranged at the bottom of the tooling plate; the tooling plate can slide in or out of the box along the roller slideway. The box body is provided with a roller slideway connected to the box door for receiving the tooling plate sliding out of the box body.
Preferably, the detection device further comprises a blow-out valve, a pressure sensor and a vacuum gauge. The pressure sensor, the detection port of the vacuum gauge and the air outlet of the air breaking valve are connected with the inner cavity of the box body.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the tightness test is carried out on the oil pressure damper in a vacuum environment, the quick detection of the tightness reliability of the oil pressure damper is realized by utilizing the internal and external pressure difference of the oil pressure damper, and the tightness test can be completed by utilizing the detection time of 5 minutes.
According to the invention, the oil pressure damper is compressed to the shortest state before testing, the oil pressure damper is pushed to automatically extend in a mode of increasing internal and external pressure difference of the oil pressure damper in a vacuum environment, so that the detection of sealing performance of the matching between different positions of the piston rod and the guiding sealing part is realized, and the reliability and the comprehensiveness of sealing detection are ensured; because the oil pressure shock absorber is automatically and slowly stretched after vacuumizing (the stretching time is different according to different oil pressure shock absorber models), the invention does not need to additionally arrange a power element for driving the oil pressure shock absorber to stretch, thereby realizing static tightness detection, dynamic tightness detection and improving detection effect.
According to the invention, the oil pressure damper is placed in the box body in an inclined downward posture for tightness detection, so that the inner side of the guiding sealing part which is most prone to have tightness problems in the oil pressure damper is completely immersed by oil, the effect of tightness detection is improved, and the problem that the oil pressure damper is mistakenly detected or missed in detection is avoided.
The detection process is in a pressure maintaining stage for most of the time, and the detection process only has energy consumption in a vacuumizing stage, and almost does not consume electric energy in the pressure maintaining stage; compared with the existing electric heating leakage method and mechanical temperature rise leakage method which require continuous energy consumption, the invention has lower detection cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an oil leakage portion of a typical prior art oil pressure damper;
FIG. 2a is a schematic illustration of a first exemplary pilot seal configuration and leakage path;
FIG. 2b is a schematic illustration of a second exemplary pilot seal configuration and leakage path;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a prior art electrical heating leak process;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a prior art mechanical warm-up leak process;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a vacuum leak process according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 5, a detection method for tightness of an oil pressure damper adopts a detection device comprising a box body 101, a vacuum pump 102, an evacuation valve 103, a blow-out valve 104, a pressure sensor 105, a vacuum gauge 106 and a tooling plate 107. The evacuation valve 103 is an electromagnetic on-off valve. The box body 101 is in a cuboid shape and is divided into an inner cavity and a shell, the inner cavity is required to be completely sealed, other parts except a pipeline cannot be leaked, reinforcing ribs are additionally arranged in the inner cavity, and deformation cannot occur when the box body is pressed; the side part of the box body is provided with a box door; the box door can be opened or closed under the control of a power element or a person; the side opening of the box body is sealed with the box door through a rubber sealing strip in a state of closing the box door; the box door adopts a double-layer structure, and can not deform when being pressed;
the box 101 is provided with an air pressure detection port, a vacuum detection port, an air inlet and a vacuum pumping port. The extraction opening of the vacuum pump 102 is connected with the vacuum extraction opening on the box body 101 through a metal pipeline; an evacuation valve 103 is connected in series with the metal pipeline; the pressure sensor 105, the vacuum gauge 106 and the air break valve 104 are respectively connected with an air pressure detection port, a vacuum detection port and an air inlet on the box body 101. The control interfaces of the evacuation valve 103 and the emptying valve 104, the signal output interfaces of the pressure sensor 105 and the vacuum gauge 106 are connected with a controller, so that the control of the vacuum degree in the box body 101 is realized. The controller can be a PLC or other control modules capable of realizing functions.
Tooling plate 107 is placed at the bottom of the cavity of box 101. The top of the tooling plate 107 is provided with an inclined placement position, which can be placed in a single layer or stacked in a single layer, and a plurality of hydraulic dampers can be placed in a plurality of placement positions of each layer. The oil pressure shock absorber is placed on the inclined placing position, one end of a piston rod is inclined downwards, and the tail end of a cylinder body is inclined upwards. When the measured oil pressure damper is placed on the inclined placement position, oil liquid of the oil pressure damper completely infiltrates the inner side of the guiding sealing part of the oil pressure damper, so that the oil pressure damper with quality problem is ensured to leak out of the oil liquid.
The bottom of the inner cavity of the box body 101 is provided with a roller slideway taking a box door as a starting point; a sliding plate is arranged at the bottom of the tooling plate 107; the tooling plate 107 with the oil pressure damper can slide in or out of the box 101 along the roller slideway; the box body is also provided with a roller slideway for receiving a tooling plate (107) sliding out of the box body 101, so that the loading and unloading of the tested oil pressure damper are facilitated.
The method for detecting the tightness of the oil pressure shock absorber of the rail locomotive vehicle comprises the following specific steps:
step one, compressing a plurality of tested vibration absorbers 108 to the shortest state, and placing the vibration absorbers on an inclined placing position of a tooling plate 107 in a posture that one end of a piston rod is inclined downwards and the tail end of a cylinder body is inclined upwards; the hydraulic shock absorber only generates damping force during movement, so the internal pressure of the compressed measured shock absorber 108 is only slightly higher than the standard atmospheric pressure, but does not automatically extend.
Step two, pushing the tooling plate 107 provided with the tested damper 108 into the inner cavity of the box body 101 along the roller slideway and fixing; closing the box door, starting the vacuum pump 102, and opening the evacuation valve to ensure that the pipeline between the vacuum pump 102 and the inner cavity of the box body is smooth. The pressure sensor 105 monitors the pressure change in the tank, and when the tank reaches a preset vacuum level, the vacuum gauge 106 sends out a signal, the evacuation valve 103 is closed, the air is prevented from flowing back into the tank 101, and the vacuum pump 102 stops working. When the vacuum level in the tank 101 exceeds a preset upper limit (i.e., the air pressure in the tank increases with time and exceeds a set pressure), the evacuation valve 103 is turned on, and the vacuum pump 102 is turned on again until the vacuum level in the tank 101 reaches a preset value again, and the cycle is repeated.
After the air pressure outside the tested damper 8 is obviously reduced under the vacuumizing effect, the air pressure inside the tested damper 8 is higher than the air pressure inside the box 101, the pressure difference forces the oil inside the tested damper 8 to generate leakage tendency, and if the sealing of the guiding sealing part fails, the oil leaks out from the interior of the damper.
In addition, as the external air pressure drops, the air pressure inside the measured damper 108 will push the measured damper 108 to gradually extend, and the dynamic seal monitoring of the measured damper 108 is realized without an additional power element. During extension of the shock absorber 108 under test, if there is a significant mass defect on the piston rod surface, it will also be identified as oil leakage.
Step three, when the preset test duration is reached, the air break valve 104 is opened, external air is filled into the box body 101, when the internal pressure and the external pressure of the box body 101 are balanced, the box door is opened, and the tooling plate 107 is pulled out; the measured damper 108 on the tooling plate 107 is taken out; and visually checking whether oil oozes out from the guide sealing portion of the damper 8 one by one. The measured damper 108 having oil exudation is marked as a defective product; the measured damper 108 without exudation of the oil liquid was recorded as a qualified product.
In the above detection method, the pressure and time parameters may be set according to the process requirements, and the volume of the inner cavity of the tank 101 is determined according to the number of the measured vibration dampers 108 that need to be measured at a time.
The invention has less energy consumption in the testing process, only consumes electric energy when the vacuum pump 102 works, and hardly consumes electric energy in the pressure maintaining process, so the energy consumption cost of detection is lower.
Claims (9)
1. A method for detecting tightness of an oil pressure damper is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of;
step one, placing one or more vibration dampers (108) to be tested into a closed chamber; the measured vibration damper (108) placed in the closed chamber is compressed to the shortest state;
step two, vacuumizing a closed cavity provided with the tested shock absorber (108); when the air pressure in the closed chamber drops; the internal pressure of the measured vibration damper (108) forces the measured vibration damper (108) to extend, different parts of a piston rod of the measured vibration damper (108) pass through the guide sealing part, and the tightness of the matching of the different parts of the piston rod and the guide sealing part is detected;
and thirdly, after a preset test time, taking out the tested vibration damper (108), and observing whether the tested vibration damper (108) has oil exudation, so as to judge whether the tested vibration damper (108) meets the sealing requirement.
2. The method for detecting tightness of an oil pressure damper according to claim 1, characterized by: the tested damper (108) installed in the closed cavity is arranged obliquely or vertically, and the piston rod is arranged obliquely downwards or vertically downwards, so that the inner side of the guiding sealing part of the tested damper (108) is completely immersed by oil liquid.
3. The oil pressure damper tightness detection method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in the second step, the vacuum degree in the closed cavity is kept in a preset vacuum degree range through negative feedback adjustment.
4. The oil pressure damper tightness detection method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in the second step, the vacuum degree in the closed chamber is kept within the range of 50 Pa-150 Pa.
5. The method for detecting tightness of an oil pressure damper according to claim 1, characterized by: the adopted detection device comprises a box body (101), a vacuum pump (102) and an evacuation valve (103); the extraction opening of the vacuum pump (102) is connected with the inner cavity of the box body (101) through an evacuation valve (103); in the working process, the inner cavity of the box body is sealed with the external environment; the tank (101) can house the hydraulic damper of which the tightness is detected, and place the hydraulic damper in an environment below the normal atmospheric pressure.
6. The method for detecting tightness of an oil pressure damper according to claim 5, wherein: the detection device also comprises a tooling plate (107); the tooling plate (107) can be arranged in the box body (101); the top of the tooling plate (107) is provided with an inclined placement position; the inclined placing position is used for placing the oil pressure damper, so that the oil pressure damper is kept in an inclined state in the detection process.
7. The method for detecting tightness of an oil pressure damper according to claim 6, wherein: the box body is provided with a box door; the box door can be opened or closed under the control of a power element or a person; the box door is sealed with the side opening of the box body through a rubber sealing strip in a closed state; the bottom of the inner cavity of the box body (101) is provided with a roller slideway taking a box door as a starting point; a sliding plate is arranged at the bottom of the tooling plate (107); the tooling plate (107) can slide in and out of the box (101) along the roller slideway.
8. The oil pressure damper tightness detection method according to claim 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that: the detection device also comprises a broken air valve (104), a pressure sensor (105) and a vacuum gauge (106); the pressure sensor (105), the detection port of the vacuum gauge (106) and the air outlet of the air breaking valve (104) are connected with the inner cavity of the box body (101).
9. The oil pressure damper tightness detection method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the test time period is longer than 5 minutes.
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| CN202111321309.7A CN114018491B (en) | 2021-11-09 | 2021-11-09 | Oil pressure shock absorber tightness detection method |
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| CN202111321309.7A CN114018491B (en) | 2021-11-09 | 2021-11-09 | Oil pressure shock absorber tightness detection method |
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| CN114018491B true CN114018491B (en) | 2023-08-29 |
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2021
- 2021-11-09 CN CN202111321309.7A patent/CN114018491B/en active Active
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