CN114016224A

CN114016224A - Self-lubricating material

Info

Publication number: CN114016224A
Application number: CN202010690665.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙兵; 张尤娟
Original assignee: Toray Fibers and Textiles Research Laboratories China Co Ltd
Current assignee: Toray Fibers and Textiles Research Laboratories China Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-07-17
Filing date: 2020-07-17
Publication date: 2022-02-08

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-lubricating material which comprises a base material and a fiber bundle embroidered on the base material at least as a surface thread, wherein the fiber bundle contains fluorine fibers, and the exposure rate of the fluorine fibers on at least the surface of the self-lubricating material is 5-100%. The self-lubricating material has the characteristics of good resin permeability, excellent wear resistance and adjustable size, and can be applied to plane, curved surface or linear motion parts.

Description

Self-lubricating material

Technical Field

The invention relates to a self-lubricating material.

Background

At present, the traditional sliding bearing is generally made of metal materials, but lubricating oil is added into the traditional bearing, so that the problems of oil leakage, oil dripping and the like exist, and certain occasions are limited to use, such as underwater operation. In addition, the traditional bearing needs to be frequently added with lubricating oil, and is limited to be used in places with difficult maintenance, such as high-altitude operation. These have all greatly limited the use of conventional bearings in applications where lubricating oil is used. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a bearing free from oil lubrication.

With the rapid development of science and technology, people have developed a method for coating the surface layer of a sliding part with pure polytetrafluoroethylene resin in succession, and the method is applied to oil-free lubrication bearings. However, pure ptfe resin has poor non-adhesive properties and abrasion resistance during practical use, and is easily peeled off, and irreversibly deformed by external force, thereby causing the ptfe resin layer to be worn through. In order to maintain long-term sliding properties, it is often necessary to laminate and coat a polytetrafluoroethylene resin on the surface of a sliding member.

In order to overcome the above disadvantages, a single-layer woven fabric in which fluorine cellulose fibers are used as warp or weft and other fibers are used as weft or warp is developed, and the single-layer woven fabric is attached to the surface layer of the sliding member, so that the abraded fluorine cellulose fibers are accumulated in the gaps between the fibers, thereby overcoming the problem of easy peeling, but the durability is difficult to endure due to a small accumulation space, and the service life is greatly shortened.

For example, chinese patent publication CN102535167A discloses a self-lubricating composite material for bearings and a preparation method thereof, wherein the self-lubricating composite material is a fiber mixed fabric woven by a PTFE fiber and at least one other fiber, and the surface of the fiber mixed fabric is coated with an impregnation material. Under the protection of the impregnating material, although the abrasion resistance of the self-lubricating interwoven fabric is greatly improved, when the interwoven fabric subjected to resin impregnation is attached to a metal bearing, the self-lubricating interwoven fabric cannot be adjusted in size, and needs to be cut again according to the actual size of the bearing, so that the double waste of the resin and fiber interwoven fabric is caused, and the cost is improved.

In addition, a double-layer fabric which integrates a fluorine cellulose fiber layer and other fiber layers through nodulation points is developed, the double-layer fabric is attached to the surface layer of a sliding part and applied to different devices, the sliding part is diversified in shape, and the fluorine double-layer fabric needs to be cut and attached after being spliced on most occasions, so that the cutting waste is caused, the use durability is reduced due to the reduction of the strength of the spliced part, and the service life of the double-layer fabric is greatly influenced.

For example, chinese patent publication CN103849988A discloses a method for preparing a self-lubricating material made of polytetrafluoroethylene fibers, wherein the self-lubricating material is a double fabric woven by a polytetrafluoroethylene fiber layer and fiber layers made of other fibers. Although the fabric has good friction and adhesion, when the sliding material fabric is attached to the sliding part, the sliding material fabric needs to be cut and spliced according to the actual shape of the sliding part and then attached, so that a large amount of sliding materials are wasted in the cutting process, and the product cost is greatly increased. In addition, the splicing part is easy to break under the action of long-term external force, so that the self-lubricating bearing fails.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a self-lubricating material which has good resin permeability, excellent wear resistance and adjustable size.

The technical solution of the invention is as follows: the self-lubricating material comprises a base material and a fiber bundle embroidered on the base material at least as a surface thread, wherein the fiber bundle contains fluorine fibers, and the exposure rate of the fluorine fibers on at least the surface of the self-lubricating material is 5-100%.

The base material is preferably a woven fabric, a knitted fabric or a nonwoven fabric, and the air permeability of the base material is preferably 5 to 80cm under 125pa³/(cm²・s)。

The crossing angle of the fiber bundle and the warp and weft yarns constituting the woven fabric is preferably 10 to 80 °.

The fiber bundles having a crossing angle of 10 to 80 degrees with the warp and weft yarns constituting the woven fabric preferably account for 70% or more of the total fiber bundles.

The exposed length of the fiber bundle as the surface thread on the surface of the self-lubricating material is preferably 60% or more of the total length of the fiber bundle.

The length of the fiber bundle exposed on the base material is preferably 1 to 10 mm.

The number of floats of the fiber bundle per unit area is preferably 20 to 400 pieces/cm²。

The resin impregnation amount of the self-lubricating material is preferably 30-200 g/m²。

Under the load of 86MPa, the abrasion life of the self-lubricating material is preferably more than 20 min.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the self-lubricating material is composed of a base material and a fiber bundle containing the cellulose fibers embroidered on the base material at least as a surface thread, the form of the self-lubricating material can be flexibly adjusted according to the shape of an actual moving part, the self-lubricating material has the characteristics of good resin permeability and excellent wear resistance, and can be applied to moving parts such as planes, curved surfaces or straight lines, and the like, such as bearing moving parts.

Detailed Description

The self-lubricating material comprises a base material and a fiber bundle embroidered on the base material at least as a surface thread, wherein the fiber bundle contains fluorine fibers, and the exposure rate of the fluorine fibers on at least the surface of the self-lubricating material is 5-100%. The embroidering method is a processing method for fixing the fiber bundle on the base material by using a computer embroidery machine or an industrial sewing machine. According to the invention, the fiber bundles are embroidered on the base material by adopting an embroidering method, when the obtained material is applied to the bearing, the shape of the material can be adjusted at will according to the shape and the size of a bearing part, then the corresponding cutting is carried out, and finally the material is attached, so that the waste caused by cutting can be greatly reduced, the strength reduction of the splicing part of the material can be avoided, and the service life of the bearing is prolonged. The traditional weaving method can only prepare the self-lubricating material with a fixed shape, and the corresponding cutting is still needed according to the shape and the size of the bearing component at the later stage.

The fiber bundle contains the fluorine fiber, the surface tension of the fluorine fiber is small, the fiber bundle is difficult to stick to other fibers, and the fiber bundle has extremely excellent self-lubricating performance. In addition, the fiber bundle containing the fluorine fiber in the present invention can be embroidered on the base material as the surface thread, i.e., the upper thread, or as the inner thread, i.e., the lower thread. When the fiber bundle containing the fluorine fiber is only used as an embroidery surface thread, the fiber bundle formed by other fibers except the fluorine fiber is used as an embroidery inner thread, and the embroidery surface is embroidered on the base material, one surface with self-lubricating property is used as a lubricating surface, and the other surface is used as an attaching surface. When the fiber bundle containing the fluorine cellulose is embroidered on the base material as the surface thread and the lining thread, namely the surface thread and the lining thread both contain the fiber bundle of the fluorine cellulose, the content of the fluorine cellulose is preferably 30-90 wt%, and at the moment, both sides of the material have self-lubricating property, so that the material can be applied to occasions needing double-side lubricating property, such as certain sliding gaskets, and both sides of the gaskets need friction motion. When both the surface line and the inner line on the base material contain fluorine cellulose, the surface with relatively high fluorine exposure rate is the surface line area, and the surface with relatively low fluorine content is the inner line area.

The surface fiber bundle and the inner fiber bundle embroidered on the base material are composed of continuous fiber bundles in at least one direction. When the surface fiber bundle and the inner fiber bundle are formed by continuous fiber bundles in one direction, the self-lubricating material comprises a surface fiber bundle layer, an inner fiber bundle layer and a base material layer; when the surface fiber bundle and the lining fiber bundle are composed of continuous fiber bundles in multiple directions, the self-lubricating material comprises a plurality of surface fiber bundle layers, a plurality of lining fiber bundle layers and a base material layer, wherein the plurality of surface fiber bundle layers and the lining fiber bundle layers are respectively of a structure with more than two layers. Along with the increase of the embroidery layer number, the time for completely abrading the surface fiber layer and the inner fiber layer is prolonged, and the abrasion durability of the self-lubricating material is greatly improved. The self-lubricating material of the present invention comprises two surface fiber bundle layers, two lining fiber bundle layers and a base material layer in view of excellent abrasion durability and processing cost of the self-lubricating material.

The exposure rate of the fluorine cellulose fibers on at least the surface of the self-lubricating material is 5-100%. The exposure rate of the fluorine fibers is a ratio of an area of the fluorine fibers present on the surface or inside of the self-lubricating material to an entire area of the self-lubricating material. The self-lubricating mechanism of the self-lubricating material is that the fluorine cellulose is ground into debris, the debris is uniformly dispersed on the surface of the material, and the friction is continued, so that the debris forms a fluorine lubricating film, and the material has self-lubricating property. If the exposure rate of the fluorine fibers on at least one surface of the self-lubricating material is lower than 5%, the amount of the fluorine fibers is too small, only a partial area can form a fluorine lubricating film, and the part without the protection of the fluorine lubricating film, namely the most part of the fluorine fibers is formed. Considering that the lubricating film formed by the fluorine fibers can be uniformly covered on the base material, the excessive fluorine fibers are avoided, redundant fluorine scraps fly out of a friction system in the self-lubricating film forming process to cause waste, and the exposure rate of the fluorine fibers on at least the surface of the self-lubricating material is preferably 30-80%.

The fluorinated cellulose fiber of the present invention is preferably any one of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), soluble Polytetrafluoroethylene (PFA), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene (FEP), ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), and Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) resins. The fiber other than fluorine is preferably one or more of polyester fiber, polyethylene fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyamide fiber, aramid fiber, liquid crystal fiber, polyphenylene sulfide fiber and polyarylate fiber.

The fiber bundle of the fluorine-containing cellulose fiber of the present invention is preferably a twisted yarn. The co-twisting of the filaments refers to combining the fluorine cellulose fibers with other fibers into one filament by twisting. Although the fluorine cellulose has excellent lubricity, the fluorine cellulose has low strength, and is easily worn out under the action of external force, so that the service life of the self-lubricating material is influenced. According to the invention, preferably, the fluorine fiber and other fibers are twisted, the other high-strength fibers are used as skeleton materials, the skeleton materials are not easy to break under the action of external force, a lubricating film formed by grinding out the fluorine fiber can be quickly attached to the adjacent skeleton materials, and the lubricating film is not easy to be separated from a lubricating system by friction even under the action of external force, so that the service life of the self-lubricating material can be greatly prolonged.

The base material is preferably one of woven fabric, knitted fabric, non-woven fabric and membrane material, and the air permeability of the base material under the condition of 125pa is preferably 5-80 cm³/(cm²Seeds). The base material is used as a carrier of embroidery threads and is also a main strong support of a self-lubricating material, and is an essential part in embroidery processing. If the self-lubricating material has no base material, on one hand, embroidery processing cannot be carried out, and on the other hand, the fiber bundle containing the fluorine fibers has no fixed carrier and only adopts the fluorineWhen the fabric formed by the fibers and other fibers is applied to the bearing as the gasket, the strength of the gasket is greatly reduced due to no support of the base material, and the gasket can be quickly collapsed under the action of external force, so that the service life of the bearing is shortened. The air permeability of the base material is preferably 5 to 80cm under the condition of 125Pa³/(cm²Seeds). If the ventilation degree of the base material is too small, the structure of the base material is compact, and the surface line and the inner line of the self-lubricating material are difficult to penetrate through the base material in actual processing; if the ventilation degree of the base material is too large, the surface thread and the inner thread of the self-lubricating material can easily penetrate through the base material to perform embroidery processing, but the strength and the dimensional stability of the base material are reduced, and the obtained self-lubricating material is easy to crack or deform under the action of external force, so that the service life of the self-lubricating material is influenced. The base material is preferably woven fabric in view of more excellent strength and dimensional stability, and the air permeability of the base material under 125Pa is more preferably 10-50 cm³/(cm²・s)。

The fiber forming the base material of the invention is preferably one or more of polyester fiber, polyamide fiber, aramid fiber, liquid crystal fiber, polyphenylene sulfide fiber and polyarylate fiber. The base material formed by the fibers has better mechanical strength, the self-lubricating material formed by the base material is not easy to collapse under the action of external force, and the self-lubricating layer formed by the fluorine fibers and other fibers except the fluorine fibers can be kept in a self-lubricating system for a long time, so that the service life of the self-lubricating bearing can be greatly prolonged. The fibers constituting the base material layer are more preferably polyester fibers in view of excellent mechanical strength of the base material and production cost.

The crossing angle of the fiber bundles and the warp and weft yarns forming the woven fabric is preferably 10-80 degrees, the warp yarns and the weft yarns forming the woven fabric are vertical to each other, if the angle between the fiber bundles embroidered on the woven fabric and the warp yarns forming the woven fabric is too large, and the angle between the weft yarns is too small, the fiber bundles and the weft yarns are approximately in a parallel state; or if the angle between the fiber bundle embroidered on the woven fabric and the weft forming the woven fabric is too large and the angle between the warp is too small, the fiber bundle and the warp are nearly in a parallel state, when the fiber bundle and the warp or the weft are nearly in a parallel state, the embroidered fiber bundle is difficult to be fixed on the woven fabric base material, the fiber bundle is easy to slip, the stability is reduced, and when the fiber bundle is acted by external force, the fiber bundle is easy to deform and twist and break, thereby affecting the service durability of the self-lubricating material. In order to make the woven fabric base material have a higher binding force to the fiber bundles, the crossing angle between the fiber bundles and the warp and weft yarns constituting the woven fabric is preferably 30 ° to 60 °.

The fiber bundles with the crossing angle of 10-80 degrees with the warp and weft yarns forming the woven fabric preferably account for more than 70 percent of the total fiber bundles, when the fiber bundles with the crossing angle of 10-80 degrees with the warp and weft yarns forming the woven fabric account for more than 70 percent of the total fiber bundles, most of the formed self-lubricating material is tightly fixed by the warp and weft yarns of the woven fabric base material, the whole fiber bundles are not easy to slip, the self-lubricating material has high stability, the self-lubricating material is not easy to break even under the friction action of external force, and the service life of the self-lubricating material is greatly prolonged.

If the proportion of the fiber bundles with the crossing angle of 10-80 degrees with the warp and weft of the woven fabric base material is too low, the fiber bundles with the too large or too small angle between the whole fiber bundles and the warp and weft of the woven fabric are more, the fiber bundles are easy to deform, distort and break under the action of external force, the abraded fluorine cellulose fiber can quickly flow out of a friction system under the condition of no other fiber support, the friction coefficient of the self-lubricating material is increased rapidly, and the service durability of the self-lubricating material is reduced. Considering that the self-lubricating material has higher stability, the fiber bundles having a crossing angle of 10 ° to 80 ° with the warp and weft yarns constituting the woven fabric more preferably account for 90% or more of the total fiber bundles.

The exposed length of the fiber bundle as the surface thread on the surface of the self-lubricating material is preferably 60% or more of the total length of the fiber bundle. In the case of embroidery, the fiber bundles are fixed in such a manner that the fiber bundles as the surface threads penetrate the surface of the base material so that a part of the surface fiber bundles are floated inside the base material, and the fiber bundles as the back threads penetrate the surface fiber bundles floated inside the base material so that the surface fiber bundles and the back fiber bundles are fixed to the base material, in which case, the surface fiber bundles are exposed on the surface of the self-lubricating material and are also exposed inside the self-lubricating material. The surface thread is a fiber bundle containing fluorine fiber, and if the exposed length of the self-lubricating surface on the surface of the self-lubricating material is too small as the fiber bundle of the surface thread to the total length of the fiber bundle, the ratio of the fluorine fiber in the fiber bundle embroidered on the base material is low, and the surface of the self-lubricating material is worn and worn through in a short time when the surface of the self-lubricating material is acted on a friction pair surface, thereby affecting the service life of the self-lubricating material. The proportion of the fluorine cellulose fibers in the back surface of the self-lubricating material serving as the adhesion surface is increased, and the fluorine cellulose fibers have no viscosity, so that when the adhesion surface with more fluorine is adhered to the metal, the adhesion strength with the metal is reduced under the action of external force, the self-lubricating material is easy to peel off from the metal, and the wear resistance is poor. In consideration of the bonding strength and wear resistance of the self-lubricating material of the present invention, the exposed length of the fiber bundle of the surface of the self-lubricating material of the present invention is more preferably 70 to 90% of the total length of the fiber bundle.

The length of the fiber bundle exposed on the base material is preferably 1 to 10mm, and the length of the fiber bundle is the length of the fiber bundle between two adjacent intersections where the fiber bundle and the base material have a plurality of intersections in one continuous fiber bundle. If the length of the floating line of the fiber bundle exposed on the base material is too long, other high-strength fibers as skeleton materials in the fiber bundle are easy to twist and break when being rubbed by external force, the abraded fluorine cellulose fibers can quickly flow out of a friction system under the support of no skeleton fibers, the friction coefficient of the self-lubricating material is increased rapidly, and the wear resistance of the self-lubricating material is reduced; if the length of the floats of the fiber bundle exposed on the base material is too short, it means that the number of embroidery needles is too large and the embroidery density is too high, which makes it difficult to impregnate the resin, the resin impregnation amount decreases, the resin content impregnated in the material decreases, the self-lubricating material is consumed in a short time without the protection of the resin, the abrasion resistance decreases, and the number of embroidery needles is too large and the processing cost increases.

The number of floats of the fiber bundle per unit area is preferably 20 to 400 pieces/cm². If the number of the fiber bundles in unit area is too small, the self-lubricating material has loose structure and lower strength, is easy to break in the high-load friction process, cannot inhibit the abraded fluorine fiber from flowing out of the system, has less content of the fluorine fiber serving as a self-lubricating surface, and is abraded in a short time when the self-lubricating material acts on a friction mating surface; if the number of floats of the fiber bundles per unit area is too large, the self-lubricating material structure is too tight, the space for accumulating the ground fluorine cellulose fibers in the contact surface of the self-lubricating surface and the sliding layer is small, the thickness of the fluorine cellulose film layer is too small, the wear resistance of the fabric is affected, meanwhile, the material structure is too tight, the resin impregnation amount is low, the content of the resin impregnated in the self-lubricating surface is small, a small amount of resin film is worn away in a short time along with use, the self-lubricating surface works under the condition without a protective film, when the self-lubricating surface and a friction coupling surface act, the exposed fluorine cellulose fibers are worn away in a short time, and the number of floats of the fiber bundles is too large, so that the processing difficulty is caused. Considering the wear resistance and the ease of processing of the self-lubricating material, the number of fiber bundles floating per unit area is more preferably 50 to 180 pieces/cm²。

The average pore diameter of the self-lubricating material is preferably 20-60 mu m. If the average pore diameter of the self-lubricating material is too small, the resin is not easy to permeate, so that the resin impregnation amount is low, the resin content impregnated in the material is low, and a small amount of resin film can be worn away in a short time along with use; if the average pore diameter of the self-lubricating material is too large, although the resin is easy to permeate, the resin impregnated in the large pore diameter does not have the action of the fluorine cellulose, when the resin is acted with a friction counter surface, the friction coefficient is too large, the resin is abraded and worn out in a short time, and the service life of the self-lubricating textile is influenced.

The ratio of the area of the fiber bundle to the area of the sliding member in the self-lubricating material of the present invention is preferably 1.0 to 1.2. The form of the self-lubricating material of the present invention can be flexibly adjusted according to the shape of an actual sliding member. If the ratio of the area of the fiber bundles of the self-lubricating material to the area of the sliding part is too low, the self-lubricating layer of the self-lubricating material cannot completely cover the sliding part of the bearing, part of the area of the bearing is directly exposed outside, and the exposed part is worn in a short time when the external friction dual surface acts; if the proportion of the area of the fiber bundles of the self-lubricating material to the area of the sliding part is too high, the area of the self-lubricating material is too large, and when the self-lubricating material is attached to the sliding part, more areas of the self-lubricating material are cut, so that the processing cost is increased.

The resin impregnation amount of the self-lubricating material is preferably 30-200 g/m². The specific gum dipping method comprises the following steps: the prepared self-lubricating material is impregnated in a resin solution, and the self-lubricating material obtained after the impregnation is attached to components such as a bearing. The size of the resin impregnation amount directly influences the service life of the bearing, if the resin impregnation amount of the self-lubricating textile is too small, the resin impregnation amount is too low, the resin content impregnated by the sliding surface of the textile is small, a small amount of resin film can be quickly worn away along with the use, the self-lubricating material works under the condition without a protective film, and when the self-lubricating material acts on the surface coupled with the friction, the exposed fluorine fiber is worn in a short time, so that the service life of the bearing is influenced; if the amount of resin impregnated into the self-lubricating textile is too large, the amount of resin impregnated is too large, and the wear resistance is enhanced, but the cost is too high.

Under the load of 86MPa, the abrasion life of the self-lubricating material is preferably more than 20 min. If the wear life of the material is too short, the self-lubricating material is easy to wear out, and if the material is applied to a self-lubricating bearing component, the bearing component cannot be maintained to run for a long time, the self-lubricating material in the bearing component needs to be replaced frequently, so that the maintenance is difficult and the cost is increased.

The method for manufacturing the self-lubricating material comprises the following steps: firstly, the base material is fixed on a computer embroidery machine or an industrial sewing machine, a thread at least containing fluorine fiber is used as a surface thread, a thread containing fluorine fiber or other fibers is used as a back thread, parameters are input into a control program according to the shape and the size of an actual sliding part, and embroidery processing is carried out on the base material to prepare the self-lubricating material.

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples. However, the scope of the present invention is not limited to the examples, and the physical properties in the examples are measured by the following methods.

[ exposure rate of fluorine fiber ]

And firstly, observing the colors of the fluorine cellulose and other fibers by naked eyes, and if the colors of the two fibers are the same, dyeing the self-lubricating material by using a dye with the color different from that of the fluorine cellulose to ensure that the fluorine cellulose and other fibers have different colors. And then shooting by using an electronic digital microscope, setting the multiplying power to be 20 times, adjusting the multiplying power to be a color distinguishing mode, wherein the proportion of the fluorine fiber color on the surface of the self-lubricating material is the fluorine fiber exposure rate, measuring 5 groups of data, and taking the average value of 5 test results.

[ float length of fiber bundle ]

The length of the float of the fiber bundle on the base material was photographed by an electronic digital microscope at a magnification of 20 times, the length of the fiber between two adjacent intersections (intersections between the fiber bundle and the base material) in one continuous fiber bundle in the photograph was measured, 5 sets of data were measured, and the average of the results of the 5 measurements was taken.

[ float length of fiber bundle ]

The number of the floating lines of the inner fiber bundles on the base material is shot by an electronic digital microscope, the shooting magnification is 20 times, and the number of the floating lines of the outermost fiber bundles on the surface and the inner surface of the base material within 1 square centimeter in a measured picture is recorded as N₁. If the self-lubricating material is of a multilayer structure, the outermost fiber bundles on the surface and inside of the base material are disassembled to expose the second layer, and the number of the lengths of the floating lines of the fiber bundles on the surface and inside of the base material in the same position of 1 square centimeter is measured and recorded as N₂According to the method, continuously disassembling to the innermost layer, measuring the innermost layer, and measuring the number of the floating threads of the fiber bundles on the surface and the inner surface of the base material within 1 square centimeter at the same position as N_XThe number of the floating lengths of the fiber bundles in the self-lubricating material is N = N₁ +N₂+…+N_XAnd measuring the floating length quantity of the fiber bundles at 5 different positions, and taking the average value of the 5 test results.

[ crossing angle between fiber bundle and warp and weft of woven fabric substrate ]

Shooting by an electronic digital microscope at a shooting magnification of 20 times, drawing a straight line according to the fiber bundle direction and the warp direction or the weft direction of the woven fabric by using a software measuring tool, testing the crossing angle of the straight line in the fiber bundle direction and the straight line in the warp direction or the weft direction of the woven fabric, and taking a supplementary angle of the straight line as a measuring value if the testing angle is more than 90 degrees, measuring 5 groups of data, and taking the average value of 5 testing results.

[ proportion of fiber bundles having a cross angle of 10 to 80 ℃ to the total fiber bundles ]

The method comprises the steps of shooting the floating length number of all fiber bundles of a self-lubricating material within 1 square centimeter by using an electronic digital microscope at a shooting multiplying factor of 20 times, wherein the specific test method is the same as the method for the floating length number of the fiber bundles, namely N, and shooting the cross angles of all the fiber bundles and the warps and the wefts of the woven fabric base material at the same positions by using the method for the cross angles of the fiber bundles and the warps and the wefts of the woven fabric base material, recording the number of the fiber bundles with the cross angles of 10-80 degrees, namely S, wherein the proportion of the fiber bundles with the cross angles of 10-80 degrees to the total fiber bundles is (S/N) multiplied by 100%, measuring 5 groups of data, and taking the average value of 5 test results.

[ exposure ratio of surface yarn fiber bundles to the surface of self-lubricating material ]

The method comprises the following steps of shooting the surface of the self-lubricating material and the inside of the self-lubricating material by using an electronic digital microscope, wherein the shooting magnification is 20 times, respectively measuring the exposed length of a continuous surface fiber bundle on the surface of the self-lubricating material in a picture and recording the exposed length as L1, and the exposed length of the same fiber bundle in the self-lubricating material as L2, wherein the calculation formula of the exposed ratio of the surface fiber bundle on the surface of the self-lubricating material is as follows: the exposure ratio of the table wire fiber bundle to the surface of the self-lubricating material was (L1/L1 + L2) × 100%.

[ degree of aeration ]

According to JISL10968.27.1A, the sample is placed in the test area under no tension, the air pressure is adjusted to 125Pa, 5 sets of data are measured, and the results of 5 tests are averaged.

[ average pore diameter ]

The pore size of the material was measured using a capillary flow stomatometer according to ASTM F316-03 standard, and the material was placed in a sample chamber and wetted with a solution of silicone Fluid (Silwick silicone Fluid) having a surface tension of 19.1 dynes/cm. The bottom clamp of the sample chamber is provided with a porous metal disc plug-in unit with the diameter of 2.54cm and the thickness of 3.175mm, the top clamp of the sample chamber is provided with holes with the diameter of 3.175mm, the material pore diameter distribution value can be directly read, 5 groups of data are determined, and the average value of the test results of 5 times is taken.

[ resin content ] of resin

Weighing 10cm × 10cm of the weight of the ungelated sample by using an electronic balance according to JIS L1096: 19998.4, multiplying the obtained data by 100, and converting to obtain the weight M of the ungelated self-lubricating material per square meter₀Weighing 10cm × 10cm of impregnated sample by the same method, multiplying the obtained data by 100, and converting to obtain the weight M of the impregnated self-lubricating material per square meter₁The resin impregnation amount is calculated by the following formula: m = M₁-M₀。

[ wear life ]

The test was carried out on a vertical abrasion tester. The test method is as follows: under the conditions of 20 +/-2 ℃ of temperature and 65 +/-4% of humidity, a material sample of 70mm multiplied by 70mm is tightly attached and fixed on a friction table, a metal hollow cylinder is used as a wear testing head, the wear head is ground by using sand paper, a roughness measuring instrument is used for testing a friction surface, and the surface average roughness of the material sample is ensured to be 0.3-0.5. Setting a friction load of 86MPa, testing at a linear speed of 50mm/s, and recording the average value of the time from the beginning of testing to the time of wearing of the self-lubricating material, namely the wear life.

Example 1

Weaving with polyester fiber thread to obtain a fabric with air permeability of 30cm³/（cm²Seeds) and the resultant woven fabric base material was fixed to a computerized embroidery machine, and 89 wt% of PTFE fibers and 11 wt% of polyester fibers were used for twist-up, and the resultant twist-up yarn was used as the top thread tow layer 1, and was made of 100 wt% of polyester fibersThe yarn of (2) is used as the layer 2 of the surface yarn fiber bundle; yarns made of 100 weight percent of polyester fibers are respectively used as the 1 st layer and the 2 nd layer of the bottom thread fiber bundle, and then embroidery processing is carried out on a polyester woven fabric base material to prepare the self-lubricating material containing the fiber bundles on the woven fabric base material. The exposure rate of the PTFE fiber on the surface of the self-lubricating material is 76 percent, and the exposure rate of the PTFE fiber on the inner surface of the self-lubricating material is 13 percent. The respective properties of the self-lubricating material of the present invention are shown in table 1 below.

Example 2

Weaving with polyester fiber thread to obtain a fabric with air permeability of 30cm³/（cm²Seeds) and the obtained woven fabric base material was fixed to a computerized embroidery machine, and yarns made of 100 wt% of PTFE fibers were used as the top thread tow 1 st layer, yarns made of 100 wt% of polyester fibers were used as the bottom thread tow 1 st layer, and then embroidery processing was performed on the polyester woven fabric base material to obtain a self-lubricating material containing the fiber bundles on the woven fabric base material. The exposure rate of the PTFE fiber on the surface of the self-lubricating material is 100 percent, and the exposure rate of the PTFE fiber on the inner surface of the self-lubricating material is 15 percent. The respective properties of the self-lubricating material of the present invention are shown in table 1 below.

Example 3

Weaving with polyester fiber thread to obtain a fabric with air permeability of 30cm³/（cm²Seeds) and the resultant woven fabric base material was fixed to a computerized embroidery machine, 12 wt% of PTFE fibers and 88 wt% of polyester fibers were used for twist, and the resultant twisted yarn was used as the top thread tow layer 1, and a yarn made of 100 wt% of polyester fibers was used as the top thread tow layer 2; yarns made of 100 weight percent of polyester fibers are respectively used as a 1 st layer and a 2 nd layer of bottom thread fiber bundles, and then embroidery processing is carried out on a polyester woven fabric base material to prepare the self-lubricating material containing the fiber bundles on the woven fabric base material. The exposure rate of the PTFE fiber on the surface of the self-lubricating material is 6 percent, and the exposure rate of the PTFE fiber on the inner surface of the self-lubricating material is 1 percent. The respective properties of the self-lubricating material of the present invention are shown in table 1 below.

Example 4

First using a thread made of polyester fibersWeaving to obtain the product with air permeability of 82cm³/（cm²Seeds) and the obtained woven fabric base material was fixed to a computerized embroidery machine, and 89 wt% of PTFE fibers and 11 wt% of polyester fibers were then used for twist-up, and the resulting twisted yarns were used as the top thread tow layer 1, and yarns made of 100 wt% of polyester fibers were used as the top thread tow layer 2; yarns made of 100 weight percent of polyester fibers are respectively used as the 1 st layer and the 2 nd layer of the bottom thread fiber bundle layer, and then embroidery processing is carried out on a polyester woven fabric base material to prepare the self-lubricating material containing fiber bundles on the woven fabric base material. The exposure rate of the PTFE fiber on the surface of the self-lubricating material is 76 percent, and the exposure rate of the PTFE fiber on the inner surface of the self-lubricating material is 13 percent. The respective properties of the self-lubricating material of the present invention are shown in table 1 below.

Example 5

Weaving with polyester fiber thread to obtain a fabric with air permeability of 30cm³/（cm²Seeds) and the obtained woven fabric base material was fixed to an industrial sewing machine, and then 89 wt% of PTFE fiber and 11 wt% of polyester fiber were used for twist, and the resultant twist yarn was used as the top thread tow layer 1, and a yarn made of 100 wt% of polyester fiber was used as the top thread tow layer 2; yarns made of 100 weight percent of polyester fibers are respectively used as the 1 st layer and the 2 nd layer of the bottom thread fiber bundle, and then embroidery processing is carried out on a polyester woven fabric base material to prepare the self-lubricating material containing the fiber bundles on the woven fabric base material. The exposure rate of the PTFE fiber on the surface of the self-lubricating material is 76 percent, and the exposure rate of the PTFE fiber on the inner surface of the self-lubricating material is 13 percent. The respective properties of the self-lubricating material of the present invention are shown in table 1 below.

Example 6

Weaving with polyester fiber thread to obtain a fabric with air permeability of 30cm³/（cm²Seeds) and the obtained woven fabric base material, fixing the obtained woven fabric base material on a computerized embroidery machine, using 100 wt% of a yarn made of PTFE fiber as the top thread bundle layer 1, using 100 wt% of a yarn made of polyester fiber as the bottom thread bundle layer 1, and then subjecting the polyester woven fabric base material to embroidery processing to obtain the seed dressing materialThe woven fabric base material contains self-lubricating materials of fiber bundles. The exposure rate of the PTFE fiber on the surface of the self-lubricating material is 100 percent, and the exposure rate of the PTFE fiber on the inner surface of the self-lubricating material is 15 percent. The respective properties of the self-lubricating material of the present invention are shown in table 1 below.

Example 7

Weaving with polyester fiber thread to obtain a fabric with air permeability of 30cm³/（cm²Seeds) and the obtained woven fabric base material was fixed to a computerized embroidery machine, and 89 wt% of PTFE fibers and 11 wt% of polyester fibers were then used for twist-up, and the resulting twisted yarns were used as the top thread tow layer 1, and yarns made of 100 wt% of polyester fibers were used as the top thread tow layer 2; yarns made of 100 weight percent of polyester fibers are respectively used as the 1 st layer and the 2 nd layer of the bottom thread fiber bundle, and then embroidery processing is carried out on a polyester woven fabric base material to prepare the self-lubricating material containing the fiber bundles on the woven fabric base material. The exposure rate of the PTFE fiber on the surface of the self-lubricating material is 76 percent, and the exposure rate of the PTFE fiber on the inner surface of the self-lubricating material is 13 percent. The respective properties of the self-lubricating material of the present invention are shown in table 1 below.

Example 8

Example 9

The air permeability is 18cm³/（cm²Seed and seed) polyester nonwoven fabric base materialThe method comprises the following steps of (1) arranging the fabric on a computer embroidery machine, and twisting 89 wt% of PTFE fibers and 11 wt% of polyester fibers to obtain twisted yarns serving as a surface thread fiber bundle layer 1, wherein yarns made of 100 wt% of polyester fibers serve as a surface thread fiber bundle layer 2; yarns made of 100 weight percent of polyester fibers are respectively used as the 1 st layer and the 2 nd layer of the bottom thread fiber bundle, and then embroidery processing is carried out on a polyester non-woven fabric substrate to prepare the self-lubricating material containing the fiber bundles on the non-woven fabric substrate. The exposure rate of the PTFE fiber on the surface of the self-lubricating material is 76 percent, and the exposure rate of the PTFE fiber on the inner surface of the self-lubricating material is 13 percent. The respective properties of the self-lubricating material of the present invention are shown in table 1 below.

Example 10

Knitting with polyester fiber to obtain yarn with air permeability of 24cm³/（cm²Seeds) and the obtained base material of a polyester knitted fabric, fixing the base material of a knitted fabric on a computerized embroidery machine, and then using 89% by weight of PTFE fibers and 11% by weight of polyester fibers for twist-up, and using the resultant twist-up yarn as the top thread tow layer 1 and using a yarn made of 100% by weight of polyester fibers as the top thread tow layer 2; yarns made of 100 weight percent of polyester fibers are respectively used as the 1 st layer and the 2 nd layer of the bottom thread fiber bundle, and then embroidery processing is carried out on a polyester braided fabric substrate to prepare the self-lubricating material containing the fiber bundles on the braided fabric substrate. The exposure rate of the PTFE fiber on the surface of the self-lubricating material is 76 percent, and the exposure rate of the PTFE fiber on the inner surface of the self-lubricating material is 13 percent. The respective properties of the self-lubricating material of the present invention are shown in table 1 below.

Example 11

Weaving with polyester fiber thread to obtain a fabric with air permeability of 30cm³/（cm²Seeds) and the obtained woven fabric base material was fixed to a computerized embroidery machine, and 89 wt% of PTFE fibers and 11 wt% of polyester fibers were then used for twist-up, and the resulting twisted yarns were used as the top thread tow layer 1, and yarns made of 100 wt% of polyester fibers were used as the top thread tow layer 2; a yarn made of 100 wt% of polyester fiber was used as the 1 st layer of the base fiber bundle layer, and 89 wt% of PTFE fiber and 11 wt% of polyester fiber were twisted togetherAnd taking the obtained twisted yarns as the 2 nd layer of the bottom thread fiber bundle, and then carrying out embroidery processing on the polyester woven fabric base material to obtain the self-lubricating material containing the fiber bundle on the woven fabric base material. The exposure rate of the PTFE fiber on the surface of the self-lubricating material is 76 percent, and the exposure rate of the PTFE fiber on the inner surface of the self-lubricating material is 76 percent. The respective properties of the self-lubricating material of the present invention are shown in table 1 below.

Example 12

Weaving with polyester fiber thread to obtain a fabric with air permeability of 30cm³/（cm²Seeds) and the obtained woven fabric base material was fixed to a computerized embroidery machine, and 89 wt% of PTFE fibers and 11 wt% of polyester fibers were then used for twist-up, and the resulting twisted yarns were used as the top thread tow layer 1, and yarns made of 100 wt% of polyester fibers were used as the top thread tow layer 2; yarns made of 100 weight percent of polyester fibers are respectively used as the 1 st layer and the 2 nd layer of the bottom thread fiber bundle, embroidery processing is carried out on a polyester woven fabric base material, and the self-lubricating material containing the fiber bundles on the woven fabric base material is prepared. The exposure rate of the PTFE fiber on the surface of the self-lubricating material is 76 percent, and the exposure rate of the PTFE fiber on the inner surface of the self-lubricating material is 13 percent. The respective properties of the self-lubricating material of the present invention are shown in table 1 below.

Comparative example 1

Weaving with polyester fiber thread to obtain a fabric with air permeability of 30cm³/（cm²Seeds) and the resulting woven fabric base material was fixed to a computerized embroidery machine, and then yarns made of 100 wt% polyester fibers were used as the first and second layers 1 and 2, respectively, of the cover yarn fiber bundle; yarns made of 100 weight percent of polyester fibers are respectively used as the 1 st layer and the 2 nd layer of the bottom thread fiber bundle, and then embroidery processing is carried out on a polyester woven fabric base material to prepare the self-lubricating material containing the fiber bundles on the woven fabric base material. The exposure rate of the PTFE fiber on the surface of the self-lubricating material is 76 percent, and the exposure rate of the PTFE fiber on the inner surface of the self-lubricating material is 13 percent. The respective properties of the self-lubricating material are shown in table 2 below.

Comparative example 2

Weaving with polyester fiber thread to obtain a fabric with air permeability of 30cm³/（cm²Seeds) and the obtained woven fabric base material were fixed to a computerized embroidery machine, and 8 wt% of PTFE fibers and 92 wt% of polyester fibers were then used for twist-up, and the resulting twisted yarns were used as the top thread tow layer 1, and yarns made of 100 wt% of polyester fibers were used as the top thread tow layer 2; yarns made of 100 weight percent of polyester fibers are respectively used as the 1 st layer and the 2 nd layer of the bottom thread fiber bundle, embroidery processing is carried out on a polyester woven fabric base material, and the self-lubricating material containing the fiber bundles on the woven fabric base material is prepared. The exposure rate of the PTFE fiber on the surface of the self-lubricating material is 4 percent, and the exposure rate of the PTFE fiber on the inner surface of the self-lubricating material is 0.8 percent. The respective properties of the self-lubricating material are shown in table 2 below.

TABLE 1

TABLE 2

。

From the above table, (1) it is understood from examples 1 and 3 that under the same conditions, the exposure rate of the fluorine cellulose fibers on the surface of the self-lubricating material in example 1 is in a preferable range, and the wear life of the self-lubricating material obtained in the former is longer than that of the latter.

(2) From examples 1 and 4, it is understood that under the same conditions, the air permeability of the base material in example 1 is in a preferable range, and the self-lubricating material obtained in the former has a moderate pore diameter, a moderate resin impregnation amount, and a long wear life as compared with the latter.

(3) As is clear from examples 1 and 5, under the same conditions, the ratio of the exposed length of the surface of the self-lubricating material to the total length of the fiber bundles as the surface thread in example 1 is in a preferred range, and the self-lubricating material obtained in the former case has a longer wear life than the latter case.

(4) From examples 2 and 6, it is understood that under the same conditions, the proportion of the fiber bundles having a crossing angle of 10 ° to 80 ° in the total fiber bundles in example 2 is in a preferable range, and the wear life of the self-lubricating material obtained in the former is longer than that in the latter.

(5) It is understood from examples 1 and 7 that under the same conditions, the length of the floats of the fiber bundles exposed on the base material in example 1 is in a preferable range, and the wear life of the self-lubricating material obtained in the former case is longer than that of the latter case.

(6) From examples 1 and 8, it is understood that the number of floats of the fiber bundles per unit area in example 1 is in a preferable range under the same conditions, and the wear life of the self-lubricating material obtained in the former case is longer than that in the latter case.

(7) As is clear from examples 1, 9 and 10, the abrasion life of the self-lubricating material in example 1 was longer than that of examples 9 and 10 because the base material was a woven fabric in the self-lubricating material in example 1 under the same conditions.

(8) From example 1 and example 11, it is understood that, under the same conditions, the self-lubricating material of example 11 contains PTFE fibers in both the surface yarn fiber bundle and the under yarn fiber bundle, and the latter has a smaller resin impregnation amount and a shorter wear life than the former.

(9) As is clear from example 1 and example 12, in example 12, the crossing angle between the fiber bundles and the warp yarns constituting the woven fabric was small and the weft angle was large under the same conditions, and the wear life of the self-lubricating material obtained in the latter was lower than that in the former.

(10) As is clear from example 1 and comparative example 1, the self-lubricating textile of comparative example 1, in which the fiber bundles do not contain the fluorine-containing fibers, has a shorter wear life than that of example 1 under the same conditions.

(11) As is clear from example 1 and comparative example 2, the self-lubricating material of comparative example 2 had too little content of the fiber bundles of the fluorine cellulose fibers under the same conditions, and the abrasion life of the self-lubricating textile was shorter than that of example 1.

Claims

1. A self-lubricating material is characterized in that: the self-lubricating material comprises a base material and a fiber bundle embroidered on the base material at least as a surface thread, wherein the fiber bundle contains fluorine fibers, and the exposure rate of the fluorine fibers on at least the surface of the self-lubricating material is 5-100%.

2. Self-lubricating material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the base material is woven fabric, knitted fabric or non-woven fabric, and the air permeability of the base material is 5-80 cm under the condition of 125pa³/(cm²・s)。

3. Self-lubricating material according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that: the crossing angle of the fiber bundle and the warp and weft yarns forming the woven fabric is 10-80 degrees.

4. Self-lubricating material according to claim 3, characterized in that: the fiber bundles with the crossing angle of 10-80 degrees account for more than 70 percent of the total fiber bundles.

5. Self-lubricating material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the fiber bundle as the surface thread has an exposed length on the surface of the self-lubricating material of 60% or more of the total length of the fiber bundle.

6. Self-lubricating material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: the length of the float of the fiber bundle exposed on the base material is 1-10 mm.

7. Self-lubricating material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the number of the float lengths of the fiber bundles in a unit area is 20-400 pieces/cm²。

8. Self-lubricating material according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: the resin impregnation amount of the self-lubricating material is 30-200 g/m²。

9. Self-lubricating material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: under the load of 86Mpa, the abrasion life of the self-lubricating material is more than 20 min.