CN114016018A - Workpiece with composite coating and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Workpiece with composite coating and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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CN114016018A
CN114016018A CN202111305100.1A CN202111305100A CN114016018A CN 114016018 A CN114016018 A CN 114016018A CN 202111305100 A CN202111305100 A CN 202111305100A CN 114016018 A CN114016018 A CN 114016018A
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layer
protrusions
workpiece
parameters
bulge
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CN114016018B (en
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蹤雪梅
王井
员霄
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Jiangsu XCMG Construction Machinery Institute Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
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    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
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Abstract

The invention discloses a workpiece with a composite coating and a manufacturing method thereof, relates to the field of manufacturing of composite coatings, and aims to improve the service performance of the surface of the workpiece. The workpiece comprises a substrate and a composite coating. The composite coating comprises a base layer and a working layer, wherein the base layer is an arc-shaped bulge which is convex relative to the base body, the bulge is arranged on the outer surface of the base body, and the bulge is annular to surround the periphery of the base body; the working layer is located the outside of bottoming layer, and wraps the bottoming layer. According to the technical scheme, the concave-convex fluctuating bottoming layer is formed on the surface of the substrate, so that the service performance of the surface of the workpiece is remarkably improved; and after the bottom coating is formed, a working layer can be directly formed on the surface of the bottom coating by processing, secondary processing, sand blasting and other surface pretreatment of the bottom coating are not needed, the working layer can be directly prepared on the surface of the bottom coating, the traditional composite coating preparation process flow is effectively shortened, and the composite coating preparation efficiency is obviously improved.

Description

Workpiece with composite coating and manufacturing method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of composite coating manufacturing, in particular to a workpiece with a composite coating and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The mechanical industry uses coating technology to strengthen the surface of a workpiece, such as electroplating, thermal spraying, laser cladding, surfacing and the like. Along with increasingly intense market competition, the requirements of high efficiency, high quality and the like are put forward in the coating preparation process. The hydraulic cylinder is used as an important hydraulic execution element of a host product, and the service performance of a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder in a severe environment directly influences the performance of the host product. Under severe working conditions such as oceans and ports, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is not only subjected to corrosive environments such as high salt and high humidity, but also subjected to reciprocating impact of alternating load of sea waves for a long time, so that the coating of the piston rod is required to have comprehensive service performance of corrosion resistance, wear resistance and bending fatigue resistance. At present, a coating prepared by a single coating technology and a coating structure has single service performance, such as a coating prepared by a thermal spraying technology generally has high hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, but the coating is mainly connected by a mechanical combination mode, so that the fatigue resistance is low, and such as laser cladding, plasma surfacing and other technologies, the prepared coating has high internal compactness and is metallurgically combined, so the coating has high fatigue resistance and corrosion resistance, but the coating has low hardness and poor wear resistance.
Therefore, in order to meet the requirements of comprehensive service performance of corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance and bending fatigue resistance of the coating in a severe environment, a composite coating structure and a composite forming technology are often adopted. Currently, the composite functional coating is prepared as follows: common laser cladding-hot spraying method, plasma spray welding-hot spraying method. The common laser cladding-hot spraying method comprises the steps of firstly preparing a high-density metallurgical bonding priming coat on the surface of a workpiece substrate by adopting a common laser cladding/plasma surfacing technology, turning or grinding the coating until the surface is relatively flat, carrying out sand blasting on the coating, and finally thermally spraying a high-hardness high-wear-resistance working layer on the surface of the priming coat so as to obtain the composite functional coating with high service performance.
The inventor finds that the problems of large heat input, high residual stress, easy deformation of a workpiece and the like exist in the preparation process of the priming layer by using the common laser cladding-thermal spraying method, the turning and sand blasting pretreatment are needed after the priming layer is cladded, the process is complicated, and multiple clamping is needed, so that the processing efficiency is low and the processing cost is high.
The inventor also finds that in the plasma spray welding-thermal spraying method, the heat input of the plasma spray welding is very large, on one hand, the base material is easy to dilute the coating and reduce the service performance of the coating, and on the other hand, the residual stress of the coating is high and deformation is easy to occur when a small-diameter piston rod or a thin-wall piston rod is cladded. In addition, the plasma spray welding priming layer has large surface roughness, after turning is needed, the hot spraying can be carried out only by sand spraying, the machining process can be completed only by clamping and positioning for many times on a plurality of machine tools, the consumption and the machining period of equipment are increased, the machining precision is also influenced in different clamping processes, and the efficient and high-quality preparation of the composite functional coating is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a workpiece with a composite coating and a manufacturing method thereof, which are used for improving the service performance of the surface of the workpiece.
The embodiment of the invention provides a workpiece with a composite coating, which comprises:
a substrate; and
the composite coating comprises a base coat layer and a working layer, wherein the base coat layer is configured into an arc-shaped bulge which is convex relative to the base body, the bulge is arranged on the outer surface of the base body, and the bulge is configured into a ring shape to surround the periphery of the base body; the working layer is located the outside of bottoming layer, and wraps the bottoming layer.
In some embodiments, two adjacent circles of the protrusions overlap each other.
In some embodiments, two adjacent circles of the protrusions are connected and the distance between the two circles is 0.
In some embodiments, two adjacent circles of the protrusions are spaced apart.
In some embodiments, the number N of protrusions satisfies the following functional relationship:
Figure BDA0003339820040000021
wherein the number N of the projections in the cross section with the set length is set; n is the lap joint rate between two adjacent bulges; the distance between two adjacent bulges is (1-n) d; l is the axial length of the substrate.
In some embodiments, the radius r of the protrusion satisfies the following functional relationship:
Figure BDA0003339820040000031
wherein r is the radius of the projection; h is the maximum height of the protrusion relative to the substrate; d is the distance between the two ends of the protrusion and the connection point of the substrate.
In some embodiments, the central angle α of the protrusion satisfies the following functional relationship:
Figure BDA0003339820040000032
wherein, α is a central angle corresponding to a set arc segment of the protrusion, and the set arc segment is an arc segment between the lap joint of one protrusion and two adjacent protrusions; h is the maximum height of the protrusion relative to the substrate; d is the distance between the two ends of the bulge and the connection point of the base body; n is the overlapping ratio between two adjacent bulges.
In some embodiments, the arc length/of the set arc segment of the projection satisfies the following functional relationship:
Figure BDA0003339820040000033
wherein, α is a central angle corresponding to a set arc segment of a protrusion, and the set arc segment is an arc segment between the lap joint of one protrusion and two adjacent protrusions; r is the radius of the projection; h is the maximum height of the protrusion relative to the surface of the substrate 1; d is the distance between the two ends of the bulge and the connection point of the base body (1); n is the overlapping ratio between two adjacent bulges.
In some embodiments, the total surface area S of each of the projections, over the length L, satisfies the following functional relationship:
Figure BDA0003339820040000034
wherein D is1Is the diameter of the substrate; n is the number of the protrusions; l is the length; n is the lap joint rate between two adjacent bulges; d is the distance between the two ends of the bulge and the connection point of the base body; h is the maximum height of the protrusion relative to the substrate; l is the arc length of the set arc segment of the bulge.
In some embodiments, the sum k of the slopes of all points of all the convex surfaces within the length L satisfies the following functional relationship:
Figure BDA0003339820040000041
wherein k' is the sum of slopes of all points on a half of the circular arc of the bulge; n is the number of the protrusions; d is the distance between the two ends of the bulge and the connection point of the base body; h is the maximum height of the protrusion relative to the substrate; n is the overlapping ratio between two adjacent bulges.
In some embodiments, the following parameters of the ultra-high speed laser cladding technique are controlled to machine the primer layer on the surface of the substrate:
n1＝60*v/(π*D1)
v1＝(1-n)*d*v/(π*D1)
Figure BDA0003339820040000042
Figure BDA0003339820040000043
wherein n is1Is the rotational speed, v, of the substrate during processing1The laser spot feed rate; d is the spot size of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology; f is the powder feeding speed of the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology; n is the overlap ratio, D1Is the diameter of the substrate; b1And b2Is a coefficient obtained from regression analysis; c. C1And c2Is a coefficient obtained from regression analysis; lambda [ alpha ]7And λ3Are coefficients obtained from regression analysis.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a workpiece manufacturing method, which comprises the following steps:
calculating to obtain the surface morphology parameters of the priming layer; the surface topography parameters of the bottom layer comprise the surface area S of the bottom layer, the number N of the protrusions and the sum k of the slopes of all points on the surface of all the protrusions;
calculating to obtain the structural parameters of the priming layer based on the surface topography parameters of the priming layer and a calculation formula of the structural parameters of the bulges arranged on the surface of the priming layer; wherein, the parameters of the underlying structure comprise: the width d of the bottom layer, the height h of the bottom layer and the lap joint rate n of the bottom layer;
calculating to obtain the preparation process parameters of the bottom layer based on the structural parameters of the bottom layer; wherein, the preparation process parameters of the bottom layer comprise: the laser spot size D and the powder feeding speed f of the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology;
calculating to obtain required laser power P and cladding speed v according to the laser spot size D, the powder feeding speed f and the power density required by cladding of the bottom layer material;
according to the laser spot size D, the powder feeding speed f, the laser power P, the cladding speed v, the lap joint rate n of the bottom layer and the diameter D of the substrate1Calculating to obtain the rotating speed n of the part1And laser spot feed velocity v1；
According to the laser spot size D, the powder feeding speed f, the laser power P and the part rotating speed n1And the laser spot feed speed v1And preparing a priming layer on the surface of the substrate.
In some embodiments, the workpiece manufacturing method further comprises the steps of:
and after the priming coat is prepared, directly preparing a working layer on the surface of the priming coat to finish the processing of the composite functional coating on the surface of the substrate.
In some embodiments, the calculating results in key parameters of the underlying layer, including: according to the service working condition and the bonding strength of the workpiece, inquiring in a database to obtain the surface morphology parameters of the priming layer meeting the service working condition requirements; the surface topography parameters of the base layer comprise the surface area S of the base layer, the number N of the protrusions and the sum k of the slopes of all the points on the surface of all the protrusions.
In some embodiments, the relationship of the primer layer surface topography parameter to the composite coating bonding performance satisfies the following functional relationship:
Figure BDA0003339820040000051
wherein the composite coating comprises a working layer and a primer layer; b is the bonding strength of the working layer, and S is the surface area of the priming layer; n is the number of the protrusions; k is the sum of the slopes of all points of all of the convex surfaces within length L; lambda [ alpha ]1Is a coefficient obtained from regression analysis; a is1、a7、a3Are coefficients obtained from regression analysis.
The workpiece provided by the technical scheme comprises a substrate and a composite coating, wherein the composite coating comprises a bottoming layer and a working layer, the bottoming layer is attached to and fixed with the substrate, and the bottoming layer forms raised bulges on the surface of the substrate. The surface of the substrate is the lowest point, and each protrusion is higher than the surface of the substrate. The working layer is positioned on the outer side of the bottom layer and wraps the bottom layer, and the working layer wraps the bulge of the bottom layer. According to the technical scheme, the concave-convex fluctuating bottoming layer is formed on the surface of the substrate, so that the service performance of the surface of the workpiece is remarkably improved; moreover, after the priming coat is formed, a working layer can be directly processed and formed on the surface of the priming coat, secondary processing, sand blasting and other surface pretreatments on the priming coat are not needed, and the working layer can be directly prepared on the surface of the priming coat, so that the traditional composite coating preparation process flow is effectively shortened, and the composite coating preparation efficiency is obviously improved; the development of a high-performance coating is realized, and the efficient preparation and low cost of workpieces such as a high-performance hydraulic cylinder are effectively realized.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention without limiting the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a workpiece primer layer according to some embodiments of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a workpiece primer layer according to another embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a workpiece primer layer according to yet further embodiments of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a single protrusion parameter of a primer layer of a workpiece according to some embodiments of the invention;
FIG. 5a is a schematic illustration of a plurality of raised overlap ratios of a workpiece primer layer according to some embodiments of the invention;
FIG. 5b is a first schematic view of a first exemplary protrusion parameter of a primer layer of a workpiece according to some embodiments of the invention;
FIG. 5c is a second schematic view of a protrusion parameter of a primer layer of a workpiece according to some embodiments of the invention;
fig. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a method for manufacturing a workpiece according to an embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals:
1. a substrate; 2. a composite coating; 21. priming a bottom layer; 22. and a working layer.
Detailed Description
The technical solution provided by the present invention is explained in more detail with reference to fig. 1 to 6.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5c, an embodiment of the present invention provides a workpiece, which may be a marine equipment, a shield machine, a hydraulic cylinder piston rod of an engineering machine, etc. suitable for use in a harsh environment, and these components are required to have composite functions of corrosion resistance, wear resistance, bending fatigue resistance, etc. The workpiece comprises a substrate 1 and a composite coating 2 covering the outside of the substrate 1. The composite coating 2 comprises a primer layer 21 and a working layer 22, the primer layer 21 being configured as an arc-shaped projection. The protrusion is arranged on the outer surface of the base body 1, and the protrusion is configured to be annular so as to surround the outer periphery of the base body 1; the working layer 22 is located outside the base layer 21 and wraps the base layer 21.
According to the distance between two adjacent bulges, the bulges have three setting modes: firstly, referring to fig. 1, two adjacent circles of protrusions are overlapped with each other; second, referring to fig. 2, two adjacent circles of protrusions are connected and the distance between the two adjacent circles of protrusions is 0. Second, referring to fig. 3, two adjacent circles of protrusions are arranged at intervals.
In some embodiments, each protrusion is identical in structure, and the various parameters of the protrusions are described below.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5a, each protrusion has a diameter d and a height h. When the overlapping ratio of two adjacent bulges is N, the distance between two adjacent bulges is (1-N) d, and the quantity N of the bulges in the cross section of the base body 1 with any length L meets the following functional relation (1):
Figure BDA0003339820040000071
wherein, in the functional relation (1), the number N of the projections in the cross section with the length is set; n is the lap joint rate between two adjacent bulges; referring to FIG. 5a, the distance between two adjacent protrusions is (1-n) d; l is the axial length of the substrate 1; d is the projection width.
The overlapping ratio n represents the overlapping amount between two adjacent bulges. Referring to fig. 5b and 5c, the overlapping ratio n of two adjacent protrusions is the ratio of 2 times of the projection length of the arc length AB in the axial direction to the length AE. The key structural parameters of the single-pass bulge comprise a bulge width d and a bulge height h. The protrusions with different surface appearances can be obtained by adjusting the overlapping rate n during cladding of the multiple protrusions; meanwhile, when the lapping rate is consistent, the width d and the height h of the protrusions are changed, and the surface appearance of the protrusions can be adjusted. According to the technical scheme, the structural control of the bottom layer 21 distributed on the surface of the base body 1 is realized through controlling the lap joint rate n.
Referring to fig. 5a to 5c, circular arc BCD is a surface curve of primer layer 21, O is a central point of the surface curve of primer layer 21, AGE is a bonding surface of primer layer 21 and base 1, length of straight line segment AE is protrusion width d, and length of straightness CG is protrusion height h. P is any point on the circular arc BCD.
Referring to fig. 5b and 5c, the radius r of the protrusion satisfies the following functional relationship (2):
Figure BDA0003339820040000081
wherein, in the functional relation (2), r is the radius of the bulge; h is the maximum height of the protrusion relative to the base 1. d is the distance between the two ends of the protrusion and the connection point of the base 1, i.e. the length of the line segment AE.
How to derive the above functional relationship (2) is described below.
From the geometric relationship of right-angled triangles OAG, OA2＝AG2+OG2Where OA length is r, AG length is d/2, OG length is r-h, so that the following geometrical relationship exists:
Figure BDA0003339820040000082
by solving the above equation, the functional relationship (2) satisfied by the radius r of the surface bulge of the primer layer 21 is obtained.
And further calculating to obtain the OF length as follows:
Figure BDA0003339820040000083
and further calculating to obtain a central angle alpha corresponding to the circular arc BCD of the bottom layer 21 exposed out of the surface of the substrate 1.
Figure BDA0003339820040000084
After the solution, the central angle alpha of each bump satisfies the following functional relation (3):
Figure BDA0003339820040000085
referring to fig. 5b and 5c, central angle α is the magnitude of ═ BOD. Alpha is a central angle corresponding to a set arc segment of the bulge, and the set arc segment is an arc segment between the lap joint of the bulge and two adjacent bulges; under the condition that two bulges are mutually overlapped as illustrated in fig. 1, the end B and the end D of the circular arc segment BCD are set to be overlapped points with the adjacent bulges; in the situation illustrated in fig. 2, two adjacent projections are just next to each other but have no overlapping region with each other, and the ends B and D of the circular arc segment BCD are both set as the contact points of the projections themselves and the substrate 1; in the case illustrated in fig. 3, two adjacent projections are separated from each other and have no overlapping area therebetween, and both ends B and D of the circular arc segment BCD are set to be contact points of the projections themselves and the base 1. r is the radius of the bulge; h is the maximum height of the protrusion relative to the surface of the substrate 1; d is the distance between the two ends of the bulge and the connection point of the base body 1; n is the overlapping ratio between two adjacent bulges.
Referring to fig. 5b and 5c, the arc length l of the set arc segment of the protrusion satisfies the following functional relationship (4):
Figure BDA0003339820040000091
the arc length l of the set arc section of the bulge is the length of the arc section BCD, wherein alpha is a central angle corresponding to the set arc section of the bulge, and the set arc section is an arc section between the joint of the bulge and two adjacent bulges; for a specific explanation of the setting of the arc segment in the case that two protrusions shown in fig. 1 overlap each other, please refer to the above description, which is not further described herein.
Referring to fig. 5b and 5c, the total surface area S of the individual protrusions within the length L satisfies the following functional relationship (5):
Figure BDA0003339820040000092
wherein D is1Is the diameter of the substrate 1; n is the number of the bulges; l is the length; n is the lap joint rate between two adjacent bulges; d is the distance between the two ends of the bulge and the connection point of the base body 1; h is the maximum height of the protrusion relative to the base 1.
In the above functional relationship (5), the arc length l also refers to the length of the arc segment BCD. And N is the number of bulges in the cross section with the set length.
Assuming that the slope of any point P on the surface curve BCD of the primer layer 21 is kp, the slope k' of all points on the arc is k ═ Σ | kp |.
Fig. 5a to 5C illustrate a slope calculation geometric model of an arbitrary point P on the surface curve BCD of the primer layer 21, and if the deviation ratio of the point P to the starting point D of the circular arc of BCD is i, i.e. the circular arc segment DC is from the point D to the point C, i is changed from 0 to 0.5, kp is calculated as:
Figure BDA0003339820040000093
further calculation is carried out, and the slope k' of all the anchoring points corresponding to the half of the convex arc is as follows:
Figure BDA0003339820040000101
further calculations result in that, over the length L, the sum k of the slopes of all points of all convex surfaces satisfies the following functional relationship (6):
Figure BDA0003339820040000102
wherein k' is the sum of slopes of all points on a half of the convex arc; n is the number of the bulges; d is the distance between the two ends of the bulge and the connection point of the base body 1; h is the maximum height of the protrusion relative to the base 1; n is the overlapping ratio between two adjacent bulges.
The geometric model between the surface topography parameters and the structural parameters of the primer layer 21 is described in detail above, by varying the structural parameters of the primer layer 21: the protrusion width d, the protrusion height h and the lap joint rate n can realize the surface topography parameters of the bottom layer 21: the number N of the bulges, the total surface area S of the bulges and the sum k of the slopes of all the points on the surfaces of the bulges are regulated, so that the combination property of the composite coating 2 is regulated.
In some embodiments, the following parameters of the ultra-high speed laser cladding technique are controlled to machine the primer layer 21 on the surface of the substrate 1:
n1＝60*v/(π*D1)
v1＝(1-n)*d*v/(π*D1)
wherein n is1For rotational speed of the workpiece, v1For the laser spot feed rate, D1The diameter of the substrate 1, v the cladding speed, and d the width of the projection of the primer layer 21.
Based on the model, according to the structural parameter requirements of the bottom layer 21 of the composite coating 2, the required key preparation process parameters, namely the spot size D and the powder feeding speed f, can be calculated, and then the process parameters, such as the laser power P, the cladding speed v and the like, in the preparation process of the bottom layer 21 are matched and optimized.
By using an ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology, selecting a spot size D and a powder feeding speed f as key influence factors of structural parameters of the bottom layer 21, and establishing a mathematical model between the width D and the height h of the bottom layer 21 and each key influence factor by using an orthogonal test method and a regression analysis method, namely the following two functional relation formulas.
Figure BDA0003339820040000103
Figure BDA0003339820040000111
Wherein n is1Is the rotational speed, v, of the substrate 1 during processing1The laser spot feed rate; d is the spot size of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology; f is the powder feeding speed of the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology; n is the overlap ratio, D1Is the diameter of the substrate 1; b1And b2Is a coefficient obtained from regression analysis; c. C1And c2Are coefficients obtained from regression analysis. d is the width of the projection of the primer layer 21, and h is the height of the projection of the primer layer 21. Lambda [ alpha ]7And λ3Are coefficients obtained from regression analysis.
In some embodiments, the working layer 22 of the composite coating 2 is a thermal spraying coating, and is connected with the base layer 21 mainly by a mechanical bonding manner, i.e. the powder material of the working layer 22 is heated until the molten particles impact on the surface of the base layer 21 and cling to the concave-convex points on the surface of the base layer 21, and shrink to bite the convex (i.e. the anchoring points) during condensation, so as to realize mechanical bonding.
In the above technical scheme, based on the influence of the surface topography parameters of the primer layer 21 on the bonding performance of the composite coating 2, the surface area of the primer layer 21, the number of anchoring points, and the slope of the anchoring points are used as influence factors, and the bonding strength of the composite coating 2 under different primer layer 21 topographies is measured by using an orthogonal test method. Meanwhile, a regression analysis method is utilized to establish an influence model among the bonding strength of the working layer 22, the surface area of the bottom layer 21, the number of surface anchoring points and the slope of the anchoring points.
Assuming that the bonding strength of the working layer 22 is B, the surface area of the primer layer 21 is S, and the number of surface anchor points is S, k, which is the sum of the slopes of all the points of all the convex surfaces within the length L, it can be obtained that the relationship of the surface topography parameter of the primer layer to the bonding performance of the composite coating satisfies the following functional relationship (7).
Figure BDA0003339820040000112
In the functional relationship (7) above, wherein the composite coating comprises the working layer 22 and the primer layer 21; and B is the bonding strength of the working layer. S is to strike the bottom surface within the length LProduct, also known as the total surface area of each protrusion; n is the number of the bulges; k is the sum of the slopes of all points of all of the convex surfaces within length L; lambda [ alpha ]1Is a coefficient obtained from regression analysis; a is1、a7、a3Are coefficients obtained from regression analysis. The parameters S, N, k correspond to the same length of the substrate, such as all calculated values within the range of length L.
Referring to fig. 6, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a workpiece manufacturing method for forming a workpiece provided in any of the above-mentioned technical solutions. The workpiece manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
s100, calculating to obtain surface topography parameters of the bottom layer 21; wherein, the surface topography parameters of the primer layer 21 include: including the surface area S of the base layer, the number N of the projections, and the sum k of the slopes of all the points on all the projection surfaces.
In some embodiments, the key parameters of the primer layer 21 are obtained in the following manner: according to the service working condition and the bonding strength of the workpiece, the surface morphology parameters of the priming layer 21 meeting the service working condition requirements are obtained by inquiring in a database. The surface topography parameters of the bottom layer 21 include a surface area S, a number N of surface anchor points, and an anchor point slope k.
The database is the sum of data of different surface morphology parameters and bonding strength under different processes obtained through experiments.
The key parameters comprise the surface area S, the number N of surface anchoring points and the slope k of the anchoring points, and the following functional relation (7) is satisfied:
Figure BDA0003339820040000121
in the above functional relationship (7), λ1Is a coefficient obtained from regression analysis; a is1、a7、a3Are coefficients obtained from regression analysis.
And S200, calculating to obtain the structural parameters of the bottom layer based on the surface topography parameters of the bottom layer and a calculation formula of the structural parameters of the protrusions arranged on the surface of the bottom layer 21. Wherein, the parameters of the underlying structure comprise: the width d of the bottom layer, the height h of the bottom layer and the lap joint rate n of the bottom layer.
The specific calculation steps refer to the contents described above, and are not described herein again.
And step S300, calculating to obtain the preparation process parameters of the bottom layer based on the structural parameters of the bottom layer. Wherein, the preparation process parameters of the bottom layer comprise: the laser spot size D and the powder feeding speed f of the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology.
And S400, calculating to obtain the required laser power P and the required cladding speed v according to the laser spot size D, the powder feeding speed f and the power density required by cladding of the bottom layer material.
Step S500, according to the laser spot size D, the powder feeding speed f, the laser power P, the cladding speed v, the lap joint rate n of the bottom layer and the diameter D of the substrate1Calculating to obtain the rotating speed n of the part1And laser spot feed velocity v1。
Specifically, the rotating speed n of the part is calculated by adopting the following formula1And laser spot feed velocity v1。
n1＝60*v/(π*D1)
v1＝(1-n)*d*v/(π*D1)
The ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology has the characteristics of high forming speed, small protrusion thickness, smooth surface appearance and easy regulation and control of appearance, and is particularly suitable for the workpiece manufacturing method provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Step S600, according to the laser spot size D, the powder feeding speed f, the laser power P and the part rotating speed n1And laser spot feed velocity v1And preparing a priming layer on the surface of the substrate 1. The primer layer 21 can be prepared on the surface of the part base body 1 by programming a control program.
In some embodiments, the workpiece manufacturing method further comprises the steps of:
step S700, after the priming coat 21 is prepared, directly preparing the working layer 22 on the surface of the priming coat 21 to complete the processing of the composite functional coating on the surface of the substrate 1.
According to the workpiece manufacturing method provided by the technical scheme, the composite coating 2 with different bonding properties is obtained through structural design of the priming coat 21 and regulation and control of surface geometric parameters of the priming coat. By adopting the workpiece manufacturing method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the surface pretreatment such as secondary processing, sand blasting and the like is not needed to be carried out on the priming layer 21, and the working layer 22 can be directly prepared on the surface of the priming layer, so that the preparation flow of the traditional composite coating 2 is effectively shortened, and the preparation efficiency of the composite coating 2 is obviously improved; the process flow that the traditional preparation method needs secondary processing, pretreatment and the like is avoided, the workpiece does not need to be clamped repeatedly, and the problems that the residual stress of the composite coating 2 is high and the processing precision is poor after the composite coating 2 is clamped for many times in the existing preparation method of the composite coating 2 are effectively solved.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: it is to be understood that modifications may be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents may be substituted for some of the technical features thereof, but such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (15)

1. A workpiece having a composite coating, comprising:
a base body (1); and
the composite coating (2) comprises a base coat layer (21) and a working layer (22), wherein the base coat layer (21) is configured into an arc-shaped bulge which is convex relative to the base body (1), the bulge is arranged on the outer surface of the base body (1), and the bulge is configured into a ring shape to surround the periphery of the base body (1); the working layer (22) is located on the outer side of the bottom layer (21) and wraps the bottom layer (21).
2. A workpiece according to claim 1, characterised in that two adjacent turns of the protrusions overlap each other.
3. The workpiece according to claim 2, wherein two adjacent circles of the protrusions are connected with a distance of 0 therebetween.
4. A workpiece according to claim 1, characterised in that two adjacent turns of the projection are spaced apart.
5. A workpiece according to claim 1, characterised in that the number N of protrusions satisfies the following functional relationship:
Figure FDA0003339820030000011
wherein the number N of the projections in the cross section with the set length is set; n is the lap joint rate between two adjacent bulges; the distance between two adjacent bulges is (1-n) d; l is the axial length of the base body (1).
6. A workpiece according to claim 5, characterised in that the radius r of the protrusion satisfies the following functional relationship:
Figure FDA0003339820030000012
wherein r is the radius of the projection; h is the maximum height of the projection relative to the base (1); d is the distance between the two ends of the protrusion and the connection point of the substrate (1).
7. A workpiece according to claim 6, characterised in that the central angle α of the protrusions satisfies the following functional relationship:
Figure FDA0003339820030000021
wherein α is a central angle corresponding to a set arc segment of the protrusion, and the set arc segment is an arc segment between a lap joint of the protrusion and two adjacent protrusions; h is the maximum height of the projection relative to the base (1); d is the distance between the two ends of the bulge and the connection point of the base body (1); n is the overlapping ratio between two adjacent bulges.
8. A workpiece according to claim 7, characterised in that the arc length/of the set circle segment of the projection satisfies the following functional relationship:
Figure FDA0003339820030000022
wherein α is a central angle corresponding to a set arc segment of the protrusion, and the set arc segment is an arc segment between a lap joint of the protrusion and two adjacent protrusions; r is the radius of the projection; h is the maximum height of the protrusion relative to the surface of the substrate (1); d is the distance between the two ends of the bulge and the connection point of the base body (1); n is the overlapping ratio between two adjacent bulges.
9. A workpiece according to claim 8, characterised in that the total surface area S of the individual projections within the length L satisfies the following functional relationship:
Figure FDA0003339820030000023
wherein D is1Is the diameter of the substrate (1); n is the number of the protrusions; l is the length; n is the lap joint rate between two adjacent bulges; d is the distance between the two ends of the bulge and the connection point of the base body (1); h is the maximum height of the projection relative to the base (1); l is the arc length of the set arc segment of the bulge.
10. A workpiece according to claim 9, characterised in that the sum k of the slopes of all points of all the convex surfaces over the length L satisfies the following functional relationship:
Figure FDA0003339820030000024
wherein k' is the sum of slopes of all points on a half of the circular arc of the bulge; n is the number of the protrusions; d is the distance between the two ends of the bulge and the connection point of the base body (1); h is the maximum height of the projection relative to the base (1); n is the overlapping ratio between two adjacent bulges.
11. Workpiece according to claim 10, characterised in that the following parameters of the ultra-high speed laser cladding technique are controlled to work the primer layer (21) on the surface of the substrate (1):
n1＝60*v/(π*D1)
v1＝(1-n)*d*v/(π*D1)
Figure FDA0003339820030000031
Figure FDA0003339820030000032
wherein n is1Is the rotating speed v of the matrix (1) in the processing process1For laser spot feedingGiving a speed; d is the spot size of the ultra-high-speed laser cladding technology; f is the powder feeding speed of the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology; n is the overlap ratio, D1Is the diameter of the substrate (1); b1And b2Is a coefficient obtained from regression analysis; c. C1And c2Is a coefficient obtained from regression analysis; lambda [ alpha ]2And λ3Are coefficients obtained from regression analysis.
12. A method of manufacturing a workpiece, comprising the steps of:
calculating to obtain the surface morphology parameters of the priming layer; the surface topography parameters of the bottom layer comprise the surface area S of the bottom layer, the number N of the protrusions and the sum k of the slopes of all points on the surface of all the protrusions;
calculating to obtain the structural parameters of the priming layer based on the surface topography parameters of the priming layer and a calculation formula of the structural parameters of the bulges arranged on the surface of the priming layer; wherein, the parameters of the underlying structure comprise: the width d of the bottom layer, the height h of the bottom layer and the lap joint rate n of the bottom layer;
calculating to obtain the preparation process parameters of the bottom layer based on the structural parameters of the bottom layer; wherein, the preparation process parameters of the bottom layer comprise: the laser spot size D and the powder feeding speed f of the ultra-high speed laser cladding technology;
calculating to obtain required laser power P and cladding speed v according to the laser spot size D, the powder feeding speed f and the power density required by cladding of the bottom layer material;
according to the laser spot size D, the powder feeding speed f, the laser power P, the cladding speed v, the lap joint rate n of the bottom layer and the diameter D of the substrate1Calculating to obtain the rotating speed n of the part1And laser spot feed velocity v1；
According to the laser spot size D, the powder feeding speed f, the laser power P and the part rotating speed n1And the laser spot feed speed v1And preparing a priming layer on the surface of the substrate.
13. The method of manufacturing a workpiece according to claim 12, further comprising the steps of:
and after the priming coat is prepared, directly preparing a working layer on the surface of the priming coat to finish the processing of the composite functional coating on the surface of the substrate.
14. The method of claim 12, wherein said calculating key parameters of the underlying layer comprises: according to the service working condition and the bonding strength of the workpiece, inquiring in a database to obtain the surface morphology parameters of the priming layer meeting the service working condition requirements; the surface topography parameters of the base layer comprise the surface area S of the base layer, the number N of the protrusions and the sum k of the slopes of all the points on the surface of all the protrusions.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the relationship of the primer layer surface topography parameter to the composite coating bond performance satisfies the following functional relationship:
Figure FDA0003339820030000041
wherein the composite coating comprises a working layer and a primer layer; b is the bonding strength of the working layer, and S is the surface area of the priming layer; n is the number of the protrusions; k is the sum of the slopes of all points of all the convex surfaces; lambda [ alpha ]1Is a coefficient obtained from regression analysis; a is1、a2、a3Are coefficients obtained from regression analysis.
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