CN114015447A - Heavy metal passivator, preparation method and application - Google Patents
Heavy metal passivator, preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN114015447A CN114015447A CN202111215004.8A CN202111215004A CN114015447A CN 114015447 A CN114015447 A CN 114015447A CN 202111215004 A CN202111215004 A CN 202111215004A CN 114015447 A CN114015447 A CN 114015447A
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/08—Aluminium compounds, e.g. aluminium hydroxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
Abstract
The invention discloses a heavy metal passivator, a preparation method and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps: (1) pretreating raw materials; (2) preparing a heavy metal passivator; (3) the application effect of the passivating agent. The invention selects common natural minerals or industrial and agricultural solid wastes as main raw materials, and prepares the high-performance metal passivator for treating the heavy metal pollution of the environment by adjusting the mixing ratio of the components, extrusion forming and high-temperature treatment. The passivant has wide raw material source and low preparation cost, is easy to realize batch production, and is beneficial to large-scale popularization and application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a heavy metal passivator, a preparation method and application thereof, in particular to a method for preparing a high-performance heavy metal passivator by using industrial and agricultural solid wastes as main raw materials.
Background
In recent years, with the progress of human activities such as machining, mining, smelting, electronic industry, fossil fuel consumption, waste disposal, and use of agricultural chemicals, excessive heavy metals enter the soil environment, resulting in the soil environment being deteriorated. In 2014, the national soil pollution situation bulletin shows that the total exceeding rate of soil in China is 16.1%, and inorganic pollutants mainly containing heavy metals are main pollutants. Heavy metals entering the soil cannot be removed by the degradation action of soil microorganisms, and in addition, the half-life period is long, and the influence on the soil ecology is durable and irreversible. In addition, heavy metals in the soil are easily absorbed and accumulated by plants, so that not only can the biomass and the quality of the plants be influenced, but also the heavy metals are transmitted through a food chain and are enriched in high-nutrition-level organisms, and the heavy metals pose great threat to the human health. Therefore, the development of an efficient and feasible soil heavy metal pollution remediation technology has important significance for guaranteeing the stability of an ecological system, food safety and human health.
The passivation remediation technology is one of the mainstream technologies for remedying the heavy metal pollution of the soil at present, and the heavy metal is adsorbed and fixed by adding a passivating agent into the soil to perform precipitation, surface adsorption, ion exchange, complexation, pi-bond action and the like with the heavy metal. It will be appreciated that the selection of passivating agents is central to the implementation of this technique. Among the passivators, the biochar is considered to be an ideal soil passivator due to wide raw material sources, stable property and structure, rich organic matters and rich functional groups on the surface, and has a certain adsorption and fixation effect on heavy metals. In order to further improve the passivation capability of the biochar on heavy metals, researchers often modify the original biochar, and commonly used modification modes include zero-valent iron loading, vulcanization modification and the like. However, some chemical reagents (such as sodium borohydride, mercapto compounds, etc.) are inevitably used in the modification, which not only increases the cost, but also easily causes secondary pollution to the environment in large-scale production. Moreover, the application objects of the biochar with different modification modes have certain limitations, for example, the biochar loaded with zero-valent iron has a good fixing effect on heavy metals in an anion form, and the sulfuration modified biochar is more compatible with heavy metals in a positive ion form. In addition, the modified biochar material is mostly applied to the environment in a powder state at present, and in a water body, the powder material may face the difficulty of solid-liquid separation; in soil, the material in a powder state may cause problems such as soil hardening. Therefore, the development of soil heavy metal passivators with low cost, high efficiency, molding and wide application range is a great practical need.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention takes common natural minerals or industrial and agricultural solid wastes as main raw materials, and converts the common natural minerals or industrial and agricultural solid wastes into the composite soil passivator through in-situ reduction reaction, and has the advantages of low cost, high efficiency, molding and wide application range.
A heavy metal passivator is prepared from zero-valent iron, calcium sulfide, carbon and clay through compounding.
The zero-valent iron and the calcium sulfide are loaded on carbon and clay materials.
The clay material is selected from attapulgite or bentonite.
The preparation method of the heavy metal passivator comprises the following steps:
mixing the calcium sulfate material, the iron source, the biomass material and the clay material, performing ball milling and mixing, molding, and calcining.
The mixing mass ratio of the raw materials is 10-15% of calcium materials, 10-15% of iron sources, 15-25% of biomass materials and 45-65% of clay materials.
All the raw materials need to be subjected to crushing, water washing and drying treatment.
The drying temperature is 60-100 ℃.
The calcium sulfate material is selected from natural gypsum or industrial waste gypsum; the waste gypsum is selected from phosphogypsum, desulfurized gypsum or titanium gypsum and the like; more preferablyGround, to adopt CaSO4·2H2O。
The iron source is selected from natural iron-containing minerals or industrial waste iron-containing substances; the natural iron-containing mineral is selected from hematite or magnetite and the like; the industrial waste iron-containing material is selected from red mud or steel slag and the like.
The biomass material is selected from plant-derived carbonaceous materials or animal-derived carbonaceous materials; the plant-derived carbonaceous material is selected from plant fibers; the carbonaceous material of animal origin is selected from animal shells or feces.
The biomass material is subjected to negative charge pretreatment as follows: after the biomass material is crushed, adding the crushed biomass material into a potassium permanganate solution for dipping treatment, and filtering, washing and drying a product.
The concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 0.04-0.1 mol.L-1(ii) a The concentration of the biomass material in the potassium permanganate solution is 5-15%; the dipping time is 10-20 h, and the dipping temperature is 10-30 ℃.
The clay material is selected from attapulgite or bentonite.
The ball milling speed is 200-300 rpm; ball milling time is 5-10 h; the material-water ratio in the ball milling process is 1: 0.5 to 1.
Vacuum extrusion is adopted in the forming process, and the vacuum degree is 0.08-0.1 MPa; the extrusion speed is 10-45 rpm.
The calcining treatment process is carried out in a tubular furnace under the oxygen-free condition, and the protective gas is high-purity nitrogen or high-purity argon; the treatment temperature is 600-800 ℃; the heating rate is 3-5 ℃/min; keeping the temperature for 1-2 h at the highest temperature.
The heavy metal passivator is used for fixing heavy metals in water or soil.
Advantageous effects
(1) The natural mineral or industrial and agricultural solid waste is taken as a main raw material, so that the preparation and application cost of the passivator can be effectively reduced, and the pressure of treating and disposing the solid waste by related enterprises and departments can be effectively relieved;
(2) the stable molding material is obtained by extrusion through the extrusion equipment, which is not only beneficial to the recovery of the material in water application and the reduction of material loss, but also avoids the problems of soil hardening and the like caused by the soil application process.
(3) The zero-valent iron and the calcium sulfide are generated after reduction reaction by synchronously reducing iron and calcium sulfate in the raw materials by utilizing the reduction environment of the biomass pyrolysis carbonization process, and the generated zero-valent iron and the generated calcium sulfide are loaded on the surface of carbon particles, so that the zero-valent iron-calcium sulfide-biochar-clay composite material is further prepared, the cost and environmental problems caused by modification by using a chemical reagent are avoided, and the whole preparation process is simple and controllable.
(4) The generated zero-valent iron and calcium sulfide are generated through in-situ reaction, so compared with the method of directly mixing with a carbon material, the method has the advantages of large specific surface area and high reaction activity.
(5) Because the zeta potential on the surface of the adopted calcium sulfate dihydrate is positive and has positive charge, the negative charge quantity on the surface of the plant biomass material can be increased after the plant biomass material is modified by the potassium permanganate solution; more calcium sulfate dihydrate can be adsorbed and loaded on the surface of the biochar in the wet ball milling process, so that the contact area of raw materials in the reaction process is increased, and a better heavy metal passivation effect is obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an XRD spectrum of the resulting shaped passivator
Among them, it is evident that gypsum and iron-containing substances are successfully reduced to calcium sulfide and zero-valent iron, mineralized calcium being consistent with PDF card 65-2926.
Detailed Description
Example 1
(1) Pretreatment of raw materials: calcium sulfate dihydrate, hematite, rice straws and low-grade attapulgite are selected as raw materials, and all the raw materials are crushed, washed and dried at 60 ℃ for later use;
(2) preparation of heavy metal passivator: adjusting the mixing mass ratio of the raw materials to be calcium sulfate dihydrate: hematite: rice straw: 10 percent of low-grade attapulgite: 10%: 15%: 65 percent, ball-milling the mixture at 300rpm for 5 hours, putting the mixture into extrusion equipment at the rotating speed of 10r/min for extrusion forming under the pressure of 0.06MPa, putting the formed mixture into a tube furnace, heating the formed mixture to 600 ℃ in a programmed manner under the protection of high-purity nitrogen, firing the mixture for 2 hours at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, and cooling the mixture to obtain the high-performance heavy metal passivator.
(3) Water environment application: and (3) adding 0.5g of the heavy metal passivator obtained in the step (2) into 100mL of solution containing 50mg/L of cadmium ions, placing the solution in a shaking table, fully oscillating for 2h, taking supernatant, and measuring the total cadmium concentration in the solution to be 0.07mg/L by using an atomic emission spectrometer, wherein the removal rate is 98.86%.
(4) The application of the soil environment comprises the following steps: and (3) fully mixing and culturing the heavy metal passivator obtained in the step (2) and cadmium-containing soil (the cadmium concentration is 2.3mg/kg) according to the mass ratio of 3%, and measuring that the bioavailability of cadmium in the soil is reduced by 67.5% after the culture is finished.
Example 2
Compared with the embodiment 1, the surface of the straw is modified by potassium permanganate.
(1) Pretreatment of raw materials: calcium sulfate dihydrate, hematite and low-grade attapulgite are selected as raw materials, and all the raw materials are crushed, washed and dried at 60 ℃ for later use;
(2) crushing and washing rice straw, adding to 0.05 mol.L-1Soaking the potassium permanganate solution for 18 hours at the temperature of 20-30 ℃, filtering and washing the product, and drying the product at the temperature of 60 ℃ for later use;
(3) preparation of heavy metal passivator: adjusting the mixing mass ratio of the raw materials to be calcium sulfate dihydrate: hematite: rice straw: 10 percent of low-grade attapulgite: 10%: 15%: 65 percent, ball-milling the mixture at 300rpm for 5 hours, putting the mixture into extrusion equipment at the rotating speed of 10r/min for extrusion forming under the pressure of 0.06MPa, putting the formed mixture into a tube furnace, heating the formed mixture to 600 ℃ in a programmed manner under the protection of high-purity nitrogen, firing the mixture for 2 hours at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, and cooling the mixture to obtain the high-performance heavy metal passivator.
(4) Water environment application: and (3) adding 0.5g of the heavy metal passivator obtained in the step (2) into 100mL of solution containing 50mg/L of cadmium ions, placing the solution in a shaking table, fully oscillating for 2 hours, taking supernatant, and measuring the total cadmium concentration in the solution to be 0.07mg/L by using an atomic emission spectrometer, wherein the removal rate is 99.45%.
(5) The application of the soil environment comprises the following steps: and (3) fully mixing and culturing the heavy metal passivator obtained in the step (2) and cadmium-containing soil (the cadmium concentration is 2.3mg/kg) according to the mass ratio of 3%, and measuring that the bioavailability of cadmium in the soil is reduced by 76.4% after the culture is finished.
It can be seen that the straw is pretreated, so that the negative charge property of the surface of the straw is improved, the dispersion and coating amount of the calcium sulfate dihydrate with positive charge on the surface of the straw can be effectively improved, a better reaction contact surface can be formed in the reduction reaction process, more calcium sulfide loaded on the surface of biological carbon can be generated, and the passivation effect on heavy metals in water environment and soil is improved.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that: no hematite is used, but Fe as hematite2O3And mixing the equivalent converted iron powder with the finally prepared heavy metal passivator.
(1) Pretreatment of raw materials: calcium sulfate dihydrate, rice straws and low-grade attapulgite are selected as raw materials, and all the raw materials are crushed, washed and dried at 60 ℃ for later use;
(2) preparation of heavy metal passivator: adjusting the mixing mass ratio of the raw materials to be calcium sulfate dihydrate: rice straw: 11.1% of low-grade attapulgite: 16.7%: 72.2 percent, ball milling the mixture at 300rpm for 5 hours, putting the mixture into an extrusion device for extrusion forming at the rotating speed of 10r/min under the pressure of 0.06MPa, putting the formed mixture into a tube furnace, heating the formed mixture to 600 ℃ in a programmed manner under the protection of high-purity nitrogen, firing the formed mixture for 2 hours at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, cooling the formed mixture, mixing the obtained product with iron powder (the weight ratio of calcium sulfate dihydrate to the iron powder is 10: 7), and obtaining the heavy metal passivator iron powder.
(3) Water environment application: and (3) adding 0.5g of the heavy metal passivator obtained in the step (2) into 100mL of solution containing 50mg/L of cadmium ions, placing the solution in a shaking table, fully oscillating for 2h, taking supernatant, and measuring the total cadmium concentration in the solution to be 0.07mg/L by using an atomic emission spectrometer, wherein the removal rate is 88.23%.
(4) The application of the soil environment comprises the following steps: and (3) fully mixing and culturing the heavy metal passivator obtained in the step (2) and cadmium-containing soil (the cadmium concentration is 2.3mg/kg) according to the mass ratio of 3%, and measuring that the bioavailability of cadmium in the soil is reduced by 51.4% after the culture is finished.
It can be seen that the problem of low removal efficiency caused by small reaction area in the passivation process is caused by directly mixing iron powder without the coating and reduction reaction of hematite on the surface of the straw;
comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that: calcium sulfate dihydrate is not used, and calcium sulfide in an equivalent amount is mixed in the finally prepared heavy metal passivator.
(1) Pretreatment of raw materials: selecting hematite, rice straws and low-grade attapulgite as raw materials, and crushing, washing and drying all the raw materials at 60 ℃ for later use;
(2) preparation of heavy metal passivator: adjusting the mixing mass ratio of the raw materials as hematite: rice straw: 10 percent of low-grade attapulgite: 15%: 65 percent, ball-milling the mixture at 300rpm for 5 hours, putting the mixture into an extrusion device for extrusion forming at the rotating speed of 10r/min under the pressure of 0.06MPa, putting the formed mixture into a tube furnace, heating the formed mixture to 600 ℃ in a programmed manner under the protection of high-purity nitrogen, firing the formed mixture for 2 hours at the heating rate of 3 ℃/min, cooling the formed mixture, adding calcium sulfide (calcium sulfide: hematite: 4.2: 10) into the product, and uniformly mixing the calcium sulfide and the calcium sulfide to obtain the high-performance heavy metal passivator.
(3) Water environment application: and (3) adding 0.5g of the heavy metal passivator obtained in the step (2) into 100mL of solution containing 50mg/L of cadmium ions, placing the solution in a shaking table, fully oscillating for 2h, taking supernatant, and measuring the total cadmium concentration in the solution to be 0.07mg/L by using an atomic emission spectrometer, wherein the removal rate is 91.16%.
(4) The application of the soil environment comprises the following steps: and (3) fully mixing and culturing the heavy metal passivator obtained in the step (2) and cadmium-containing soil (the cadmium concentration is 2.3mg/kg) according to the mass ratio of 3%, and measuring that the bioavailability of cadmium in the soil is reduced by 55.7% after the culture is finished.
It can be seen that, since the calcium sulfate dihydrate is not directly mixed with the straw and subjected to reduction reaction, the calcium sulfate dihydrate cannot be better coated on the surface of the biochar in the ball milling process and reduced into calcium sulfide, and when the calcium sulfate dihydrate is directly mixed and added, the passivation effect is poor due to the small reaction area.
Example 3
(1) Pretreatment of raw materials: selecting desulfurized gypsum, red mud, bean worm skins and low-grade bentonite as raw materials, and crushing, washing and drying all the raw materials at 100 ℃ for later use;
(2) preparation of heavy metal passivator: the mixing mass ratio of the raw materials is adjusted to be desulfurized gypsum: red mud: bean worm skins: 15% of low-grade bentonite: 15%: 25%: 45 percent, ball-milling the mixture at 200rpm for 10 hours, putting the mixture into extrusion equipment at the rotating speed of 10r/min under the pressure of 0.1MPa, carrying out extrusion forming, putting the formed mixture into a tube furnace, carrying out programmed heating to 800 ℃ under the protection of high-purity nitrogen, firing for 1 hour at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and cooling to obtain the high-performance heavy metal passivator.
(3) Water environment application: and (3) adding 0.5g of the heavy metal passivator obtained in the step (2) into 100mL of a solution containing 50mg/L arsenic, placing the solution in a shaking table, fully oscillating for 2h, taking supernate, and determining that the total arsenic concentration in the solution is 0.74mg/L by using an atomic emission spectrometer, wherein the removal rate is 98.52%.
(4) The application of the soil environment comprises the following steps: and (3) fully mixing and culturing the heavy metal passivator obtained in the step (2) and arsenic-containing soil (arsenic concentration is 35mg/kg) according to the mass ratio of 3%, and measuring that the bioavailability of arsenic in the soil is reduced by 73.9%.
Example 4
(1) Pretreatment of raw materials: selecting natural gypsum, magnetite, pig manure and low-grade attapulgite as raw materials, and crushing, washing and drying all the raw materials at 80 ℃ for later use;
(2) preparation of heavy metal passivator: adjusting the mixing mass ratio of the raw materials as natural gypsum: magnetite: pig manure: 12 percent of low-grade attapulgite: 12%: 20%: 56 percent, ball-milling the mixture at 250rpm for 8 hours, putting the mixture into extrusion equipment at the rotating speed of 45r/min for extrusion forming under the pressure of 0.06MPa, putting the formed mixture into a tube furnace, heating the formed mixture to 700 ℃ in a programmed manner under the protection of high-purity nitrogen, firing the formed mixture for 1.5 hours at the heating rate of 4 ℃/min, and cooling the obtained product to obtain the high-performance heavy metal passivator.
(3) Water environment application: and (3) adding 0.5g of the heavy metal passivator obtained in the step (2) into 100mL of solution containing 50mg/L arsenic and 50mg/L cadmium, placing the solution in a shaking table, fully oscillating for 2 hours, taking supernatant, and measuring the concentrations of total arsenic and total cadmium in the solution to be 1.06mg/L and 0.22mg/L by using an atomic emission spectrometer, wherein the removal rates are 97.88 percent and 99.56 percent respectively.
(4) The application of the soil environment comprises the following steps: and (3) fully mixing and culturing the heavy metal passivator obtained in the step (2) and arsenic-cadmium-containing soil (with the arsenic concentration being 35mg/kg and the cadmium concentration being 2.3mg/kg) according to the mass ratio of 3%, and measuring that the biological effectiveness of arsenic and cadmium in the soil is respectively reduced by 70.4% and 69.3% after the culture is finished.
Example 5
(1) Pretreatment of raw materials: selecting a mixture of natural gypsum, desulfurized gypsum and phosphogypsum, a mixture of red mud and steel slag, a mixture of rape straws and bean worm skins, and a mixture of low-grade attapulgite and bentonite as raw materials, and crushing, washing and drying all the raw materials at 100 ℃ for later use;
(2) preparation of heavy metal passivator: the mixing mass ratio of the raw materials is adjusted to (the mixture of natural gypsum, desulfurized gypsum and phosphogypsum): (mixture of red mud and steel slag): (mixture of rape straw and bean worm skin): (mixture of low-grade attapulgite and bentonite) 10%: 15%: 20%: 55 percent, ball-milling the mixture at 250rpm for 9 hours, putting the mixture into extrusion equipment at the rotating speed of 45r/min for extrusion forming under the pressure of 0.1MPa, putting the formed mixture into a tubular furnace, heating the formed mixture to 800 ℃ in a programmed manner under the protection of high-purity nitrogen, firing the formed mixture for 1 hour at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and cooling the heated mixture to obtain the high-performance heavy metal passivator.
(3) Water environment application: and (3) adding 0.5g of the heavy metal passivator obtained in the step (2) into 100mL of a solution containing 50mg/L of antimony and 50mg/L of lead, placing the solution in a shaking table, fully oscillating for 2 hours, taking supernatant, and measuring the concentrations of total arsenic and total lead in the solution by using an atomic emission spectrometer to respectively be 0.16mg/L and 0.04mg/L, wherein the removal rates are respectively 99.88% and 99.92%.
(4) The application of the soil environment comprises the following steps: and (3) fully mixing and culturing the heavy metal passivator obtained in the step (2) and lead-chromium-containing soil (the lead concentration is 1500mg/kg, the chromium concentration is 500mg/kg) according to the mass ratio of 5%, and measuring that the biological effectiveness of lead and chromium in the soil is respectively reduced by 92.8% and 67.1% after the culture is finished.
Claims (9)
1. The heavy metal passivator is characterized by being compounded by zero-valent iron, calcium sulfide, carbon and clay materials.
2. The metal passivator of claim 1 wherein the zero valent iron and calcium sulfide are supported on carbon and clay materials;
the clay material is selected from attapulgite or bentonite.
3. The preparation method of the heavy metal passivator of claim 1, characterized by comprising the steps of: mixing the calcium sulfate material, the iron source, the biomass material and the clay material, performing ball milling and mixing, molding, and calcining.
4. The preparation method of the heavy metal passivator according to claim 3, wherein the raw materials are mixed by mass ratio of 10-15% of calcium material, 10-15% of iron source, 15-25% of biomass material and 45-65% of clay material;
all the raw materials are crushed, washed and dried;
the drying temperature is 60-100 ℃.
5. The preparation method of the heavy metal passivator of claim 3, wherein the calcium sulfate material is selected from natural gypsum or industrial waste gypsum; the waste gypsum is selected from phosphogypsum, desulfurized gypsum or titanium gypsum and the like; more preferably, CaSO is used4·2H2O；
The iron source is selected from natural iron-containing minerals or industrial waste iron-containing substances; the natural iron-containing mineral is selected from hematite or magnetite and the like; the industrial waste iron-containing material is selected from red mud or steel slag and the like;
the biomass material is selected from plant-derived carbonaceous materials or animal-derived carbonaceous materials; the plant-derived carbonaceous material is selected from plant fibers; the carbonaceous material of animal origin is selected from animal shells or feces.
6. The preparation method of the heavy metal passivator of claim 3, wherein the biomass material is subjected to negative charge pretreatment as follows: crushing the biomass material, adding the crushed biomass material into a potassium permanganate solution for dipping treatment, and filtering, washing and drying a product;
the concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 0.04-0.1 mol.L-1(ii) a The concentration of the biomass material in the potassium permanganate solution is 5-15%;
the dipping time is 10-20 h, and the dipping temperature is 10-30 ℃;
the clay material is selected from attapulgite or bentonite.
7. The preparation method of the heavy metal passivator according to claim 3, wherein the ball milling rotation speed is 200-300 rpm;
ball milling time is 5-10 h; the material-water ratio in the ball milling process is 1: 0.5 to 1;
vacuum extrusion is adopted in the forming process, and the vacuum degree is 0.08-0.1 MPa; the extrusion speed is 10-45 rpm.
8. The preparation method of the heavy metal passivator according to claim 3, wherein the calcination treatment process is performed in a tube furnace under oxygen-free conditions, and the protective gas is high-purity nitrogen or high-purity argon; the treatment temperature is 600-800 ℃; the heating rate is 3-5 ℃/min; keeping the temperature for 1-2 h at the highest temperature.
9. Use of the heavy metal passivator of claim 1 for the immobilization of heavy metals in a body of water or soil.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111215004.8A CN114015447A (en) | 2021-10-19 | 2021-10-19 | Heavy metal passivator, preparation method and application |
| CN202211273258.XA CN115838595A (en) | 2021-10-19 | 2022-10-18 | Combined remediation process for heavy metal contaminated soil |
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| CN202111215004.8A CN114015447A (en) | 2021-10-19 | 2021-10-19 | Heavy metal passivator, preparation method and application |
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| CN202211273258.XA Pending CN115838595A (en) | 2021-10-19 | 2022-10-18 | Combined remediation process for heavy metal contaminated soil |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115400725A (en) * | 2022-08-18 | 2022-11-29 | 中南大学 | Porous clay-based modified biochar composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115400725A (en) * | 2022-08-18 | 2022-11-29 | 中南大学 | Porous clay-based modified biochar composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
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