CN114015201A - High-performance flame-retardant epoxy resin-based composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-performance flame-retardant epoxy resin-based composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L63/00—Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/24—Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2363/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
- C08J2363/02—Polyglycidyl ethers of bis-phenols
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2463/00—Characterised by the use of epoxy resins; Derivatives of epoxy resins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/32—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K2003/321—Phosphates
- C08K2003/322—Ammonium phosphate
- C08K2003/323—Ammonium polyphosphate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/02—Flame or fire retardant/resistant
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
- C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-performance flame-retardant epoxy resin-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of composite materials. The epoxy resin-based composite material has the effects of high flame retardant efficiency and good mechanical property, meets the highest-grade flame retardant requirement in the standard requirements of UL94, EN45545 and the like, and has good impact resistance and creep resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-performance flame-retardant epoxy resin-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of composite materials.
Background
Epoxy resin is widely applied to various fields due to the advantages of excellent performance, low cost and the like. Epoxy resins have become indispensable important materials in national economic development, and the yield and application level thereof can reflect the degree of development of industrial technology in one country from one side. In recent years, the development of new technology industry has made higher requirements on the performance and application of epoxy resin. The rail trains and the airplanes occupy a great position in the transportation industry, the demand on the rail trains and the airplanes worldwide is increased year by year, and meanwhile, higher requirements on the carrying capacity, the comfort performance, the environmental protection performance and the safety performance of the rail trains and the airplanes are provided. The epoxy composite material has the characteristics of light weight and high strength, and the composite material can reduce weight, and has better damping performance and the effects of shock absorption and noise reduction.
Trains and airplanes are used as important transportation tools, and high requirements are put on the flame retardant property of materials. Since the oxygen index of a common epoxy resin is only about 19.8, the flammability and the sustained spontaneous combustion after leaving a fire of the epoxy resin are liable to cause a fire, and it is therefore necessary to subject the epoxy resin to a flame retardant treatment.
The existing common technical approach for preparing the epoxy resin with flame retardant property is mainly to modify the epoxy resin by adding a flame retardant into an epoxy resin system, and the two types are common, one type is a halogen-containing flame retardant, and the other type is a halogen-free flame retardant. The halogen-containing flame retardant has high flame retardant efficiency, but is not friendly to products and environment, so the halogen-free flame retardant is used mostly at present. Compared with halogen-containing flame retardants, the halogen-free flame retardants have relatively low flame retardant efficiency, and in order to achieve a certain flame retardant performance, the amount of the flame retardant needs to be increased, which can cause the viscosity of an epoxy resin system to increase and reduce the technological performance of the resin, and on the other hand, the halogen-free flame retardants have excessive use and can adversely affect the gel curing of the composite material.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a high-performance flame-retardant epoxy resin-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, and the composite material has the effects of high flame-retardant efficiency and good mechanical property, meets the highest-grade flame-retardant requirement in the standard requirements of UL94, EN45545 and the like, and has good impact resistance and creep resistance.
The above purpose of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
a high-performance flame-retardant epoxy resin-based composite material comprises a resin matrix and (100-x) reinforcing fibers in parts by mass, wherein x is more than or equal to 30 and less than or equal to 50, and the resin matrix comprises the following components in parts by mass:
further, the liquid epoxy resin is tetraglycidyl diaminodiphenylmethane containing 10-20 parts of four functionality and at least one of bisphenol A epoxy resin E51, E52 and E54 in 10-20 parts.
Further, the solid epoxy resin is at least one of E14, E20 and JF 45.
Further, the flame retardant is a high-efficiency halogen-free intumescent flame retardant, and the flame retardant consists of an acid source, a nitrogen source and a carbon source, wherein the acid source is ammonium polyphosphate, dimelamine pyrophosphate or melamine polyphosphate, the nitrogen source is melamine or melamine cyanurate, and the carbon source is pentaerythritol or triazine charring agent.
Further, the toughening agent is a reactive polyurethane modified epoxy resin.
Further, the curing agent is a diamine curing agent which is mainly m-phenylenediamine, dicyandiamide or diamino diphenyl sulfone, and the using amount is 3-8 parts by mass; the accelerator is substituted urea or imidazole, and the using amount is 1-3 parts by mass.
Further, the reinforcing fiber is one of S-glass fiber and carbon fiber.
A preparation method of a high-performance flame-retardant epoxy resin-based composite material comprises the following steps:
1) weighing 20-40 parts of liquid epoxy resin, 5-10 parts of a toughening agent, 10-30 parts of a flame retardant, 3-8 parts of a curing agent and 1-3 parts of an accelerator according to parts by mass, uniformly mixing at room temperature, and passing through a three-roll grinder twice to obtain a mixture;
2) weighing 25-40 parts of solid epoxy resin according to the mass part, heating to 90-130 ℃ for melting, adding into the mixture, and quickly and uniformly mixing to obtain a flame-retardant epoxy resin matrix;
3) preparing the flame-retardant epoxy resin matrix into an adhesive film, then laminating a reinforcing fiber with the adhesive film to prepare a prepreg, and cutting the prepreg and then obtaining the high-performance flame-retardant epoxy resin matrix composite material through a curing process.
Furthermore, the resin mass content in the prepreg is controlled to be 40-50%, the coating temperature is 70-80 ℃, and the laminating temperature is 80-90 ℃.
Further, the curing process comprises the following steps: and (3) preserving the heat for 30-60 min at 70-100 ℃ under a certain pressure condition, then heating to 130-150 ℃, and reacting for 90-180 min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the flame retardant is a halogen-free intumescent flame retardant, the material can simultaneously carry out condensed phase flame retardance and gas phase flame retardance during combustion, a synergistic flame retardant effect is generated, the flame retardant efficiency is high, the addition amount is small, compared with other halogen-free flame retardants, the negative influence on the viscosity of an epoxy resin system is small, and the technological performance of resin preparation is good.
(2) The flame retardant is added into the epoxy resin, so that the epoxy resin and the curing agent are diluted to a certain extent, the self-acceleration effect in the curing process is reduced, the curing peak temperature of the epoxy resin is increased, and the normal curing of the product is ensured by higher curing temperature and longer curing time. The flame retardant has high flame-retardant efficiency, needs small addition amount to meet specific flame-retardant requirements, and has small dilution on epoxy resin and a curing agent, so that the flame retardant has little or no influence on curing peak temperature.
(3) The tensile modulus and the flexural modulus of the epoxy resin can be improved by adding the flame retardant, and the influence on the tensile strength and the flexural strength is small. The four-functionality epoxy resin is added into the formula, so that the tensile strength, modulus, bending strength and modulus of the epoxy resin can be improved. Therefore, the composite material product has higher mechanical property.
(4) The toughening agent used in the invention is reactive polyurethane modified epoxy resin, and the toughening agent participates in the curing reaction, so that the problems of reduced resin tensile strength and bending strength caused by uneven dispersion, easy aggregation and stress concentration due to the use of an additive toughening agent are avoided. The toughening agent is used, and the resin has high bonding strength, good toughness and impact property and excellent creep resistance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation process of a high-performance flame-retardant epoxy resin-based composite material.
FIG. 2 is a comparison chart of samples before and after vertical combustion after 20 parts by mass of a flame retardant is added.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned and other features and advantages of the invention more comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses a high-performance flame-retardant epoxy resin-based composite material, which comprises 30 parts of resin matrix and 70 parts of reinforced fiber, wherein the reinforced fiber adopts SW300 glass fiber, and the formula of the resin matrix is as follows (counted according to parts by mass):
FIG. 1 is a preparation flow chart, and the specific preparation steps are as follows:
weighing bisphenol A type liquid epoxy resin E-5115 parts, tetrafunctional liquid epoxy resin AG-8016 parts, toughening agent 7 parts, intumescent flame retardant 20 parts, curing agent 4 parts and accelerant 2 parts, uniformly mixing at room temperature, and passing through a three-roll grinder for two times to obtain a mixture;
secondly, weighing solid epoxy resin E-2035 parts, heating to 120 ℃ to melt, adding into the mixture, and quickly and uniformly mixing to obtain a flame-retardant epoxy resin matrix;
and thirdly, preparing the flame-retardant epoxy resin matrix into an adhesive film, and then laminating the SW300 glass fiber fabric and the adhesive film to prepare the prepreg. The mass content of the prepreg resin is controlled at 50%, the coating temperature is 70 ℃, and the laminating temperature is 80 ℃. Cutting the prepreg into a required shape to prepare a composite material, wherein the curing process comprises the steps of keeping the temperature of 90 ℃ for 30min under the pressure condition of 0.7MPa, then heating to 150 ℃, keeping the temperature for 90min, and testing the basic mechanical property and the flame retardant property of the composite material, and the result is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
The values of the vertical burning test after adding 20 parts by mass of the flame retardant in example 1 are shown in Table 2, and the results are shown in FIG. 2
TABLE 2
Example 2
The high-performance flame-retardant epoxy resin-based composite material disclosed by the embodiment comprises 40 parts of resin matrix and 60 parts of reinforcing fiber, wherein the reinforcing fiber is SW300 glass fiber, and the formula of the resin matrix is as follows (counted according to parts by mass):
the preparation steps are as follows:
weighing bisphenol A type liquid epoxy resin E-5220 parts, tetrafunctional liquid epoxy resin AG-8020 parts, toughening agent 10 parts, intumescent flame retardant 10 parts, curing agent 8 parts and accelerator 1 part, uniformly mixing at room temperature, and passing through a three-roll grinder for two times to obtain a mixture;
secondly, weighing E-1440 parts of solid epoxy resin, heating to 130 ℃ to melt, adding the solid epoxy resin into the mixture, and quickly and uniformly mixing to obtain a flame-retardant epoxy resin matrix;
and thirdly, preparing the flame-retardant epoxy resin matrix into an adhesive film, and then laminating the SW300 glass fiber fabric and the adhesive film to prepare the prepreg. The mass content of the prepreg resin is controlled at 45%, the coating temperature is 75 ℃, and the laminating temperature is 85 ℃. Cutting the prepreg into a required shape to prepare a composite material, wherein the curing process comprises the steps of keeping the temperature of 70 ℃ for 60min under the pressure condition of 0.7MPa, then heating to 140 ℃, keeping the temperature for 120min, and testing the basic mechanical property and the flame retardant property of the composite material, and the result is shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3
Example 3
The high-performance flame-retardant epoxy resin-based composite material disclosed by the embodiment comprises 50 parts of resin matrix and 50 parts of reinforcing fiber, wherein the reinforcing fiber adopts DSCCP-200 plain carbon cloth, and the formula of the resin matrix is as follows (counted by mass parts):
the preparation steps are as follows:
weighing bisphenol A type liquid epoxy resin E-5410 parts, tetrafunctional liquid epoxy resin AG-8010 parts, toughening agent 5 parts, intumescent flame retardant 30 parts, curing agent 3 parts and accelerant 3 parts, uniformly mixing at room temperature, and passing through a three-roll grinder for two times to obtain a mixture;
secondly, weighing 25 parts of solid epoxy resin JF-4525 parts, heating to 90 ℃ to melt, adding the solid epoxy resin JF-45into the mixture, and quickly and uniformly mixing to obtain a flame-retardant epoxy resin matrix;
and thirdly, preparing a glue film from the flame-retardant epoxy resin matrix, and then covering the DSCCP-200 plain carbon cloth fabric with the glue film to prepare the prepreg. The mass content of the prepreg resin is controlled at 40%, the coating temperature is 80 ℃, and the laminating temperature is 90 ℃. Cutting the prepreg into a required shape to prepare a composite material, wherein the curing process comprises the steps of keeping the temperature of 100 ℃ for 45min under the pressure condition of 0.7MPa, then heating to 130 ℃, keeping the temperature for 180min, and testing the basic mechanical property and the flame retardant property of the composite material, and the result is shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4
Comparative example 1
The comparative example discloses an epoxy resin-based composite material, which comprises a resin matrix and reinforcing fibers, wherein the reinforcing fibers adopt SW300 glass fibers, and the formula of the resin matrix is as follows (counted by mass parts):
the above formulation does not contain a flame retardant.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
weighing bisphenol A type liquid epoxy resin E-5120 parts, tetrafunctional liquid epoxy resin AG-8020 parts, toughening agent 7 parts, curing agent 4 parts and accelerant 2 parts, uniformly mixing at room temperature, and passing through a three-roll grinder for two times to obtain a mixture;
secondly, weighing solid epoxy resin E-2047 parts, heating to 120 ℃ to melt, adding into the mixture, and quickly and uniformly mixing to obtain an epoxy resin matrix;
and thirdly, preparing an epoxy resin matrix into a glue film, and then coating the SW300 glass fiber fabric and the glue film to prepare the prepreg. The mass content of the prepreg resin is controlled at 50%, the coating temperature is 70 ℃, and the laminating temperature is 80 ℃. Cutting the prepreg into a required shape to prepare a composite material, wherein the curing process comprises the steps of keeping the temperature at 90 ℃ for 30min under the pressure condition of 0.7MPa, then heating to 150 ℃, keeping the temperature for 90min, and testing the basic mechanical property and the flame retardant property of the composite material, and the result is shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5
Comparative example 2
The comparative example discloses an epoxy resin-based composite material, which comprises a resin matrix and reinforcing fibers, wherein the reinforcing fibers adopt DSCCP-200 plain carbon cloth, and the formula of the resin matrix is as follows (counted by mass parts):
the above formulation does not contain a flame retardant.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
weighing bisphenol A type liquid epoxy resin E-5422 parts, tetrafunctional liquid epoxy resin AG-8015 parts, flexibilizer 7 parts, curing agent 4 parts and accelerant 2 parts, mixing uniformly at room temperature, and passing through a three-roll grinder for two times to obtain a mixture;
secondly, weighing 50 parts of solid epoxy resin JF-4550 parts, heating to 90 ℃ to melt, adding the solid epoxy resin JF-45into the mixture, and quickly and uniformly mixing to obtain an epoxy resin matrix;
and thirdly, preparing a glue film from the epoxy resin matrix, and then coating the DSCCP-200 plain carbon cloth fabric with the glue film to prepare the prepreg. The mass content of the prepreg resin is controlled at 50%, the coating temperature is 70 ℃, and the laminating temperature is 80 ℃. Cutting the prepreg into a required shape to prepare a composite material, wherein the curing process comprises the steps of keeping the temperature of 90 ℃ for 30min under the pressure condition of 0.7MPa, then heating to 150 ℃, keeping the temperature for 90min, and testing the basic mechanical property and the flame retardant property of the composite material, and the result is shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6
As can be seen from comparison of tables 1-6, the flame retardant with 10 parts by mass added into the epoxy resin can reach the V2 grade and also reach the HL1 grade of EN45545 when vertically burning, and the flame retardant with more than 20 parts by mass can reach the highest grade according to the standards of UL-94 and EN 45545; and the flame retardant is not added, so that the flame retardant obviously does not have the flame retardant performance. In terms of mechanical properties, it can be seen that after the flame retardant is added, the tensile strength and the flexural strength are slightly reduced or not reduced basically, but the tensile modulus and the flexural modulus are improved to a certain extent.
The invention has not been described in detail and is in part known to those of skill in the art.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The high-performance flame-retardant epoxy resin-based composite material is characterized by comprising x parts by mass of a resin matrix and (100-x) parts by mass of reinforcing fibers, wherein x is more than or equal to 30 and less than or equal to 50, and the resin matrix comprises the following components in parts by mass:
2. the high-performance flame-retardant epoxy resin-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the liquid epoxy resin is tetraglycidyl diaminodiphenylmethane with four functionalities in an amount of 10 to 20 parts, and at least one of bisphenol a type epoxy resins E51, E52, and E54 in an amount of 10 to 20 parts.
3. The high performance flame retardant epoxy resin based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the solid epoxy resin is at least one of E14, E20, JF 45.
4. The high-performance flame-retardant epoxy resin-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flame retardant is a high-efficiency halogen-free intumescent flame retardant, and the flame retardant is composed of an acid source, a nitrogen source and a carbon source, wherein the acid source is ammonium polyphosphate, dimelamine pyrophosphate or melamine polyphosphate, the nitrogen source is melamine or melamine cyanurate, and the carbon source is pentaerythritol or triazine charring agent.
5. The high performance flame retardant epoxy resin based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the toughening agent is a reactive polyurethane modified epoxy resin.
6. The high-performance flame-retardant epoxy resin-based composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the curing agent is a diamine curing agent, mainly m-phenylenediamine, dicyandiamide or diaminodiphenyl sulfone, and the amount is 3-8 parts by mass; the accelerator is substituted urea or imidazole, and the using amount is 1-3 parts by mass.
7. The high-performance flame-retardant epoxy resin-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the reinforcing fiber is one of S-glass fiber and carbon fiber.
8. The preparation method of the high-performance flame-retardant epoxy resin-based composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) weighing 20-40 parts of liquid epoxy resin, 5-10 parts of a toughening agent, 10-30 parts of a flame retardant, 3-8 parts of a curing agent and 1-3 parts of an accelerator according to parts by mass, uniformly mixing at room temperature, and passing through a three-roll grinder twice to obtain a mixture;
2) weighing 25-40 parts of solid epoxy resin according to the mass part, heating to 90-130 ℃ for melting, adding into the mixture, and quickly and uniformly mixing to obtain a flame-retardant epoxy resin matrix;
3) preparing the flame-retardant epoxy resin matrix into an adhesive film, then laminating a reinforcing fiber with the adhesive film to prepare a prepreg, and cutting the prepreg and then obtaining the high-performance flame-retardant epoxy resin matrix composite material through a curing process.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the resin content in the prepreg is controlled to be 40-50%, the coating temperature is 70-80 ℃, and the lamination temperature is 80-90 ℃.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein the curing process is: and (3) preserving the heat for 30-60 min at 70-100 ℃ under a certain pressure condition, then heating to 130-150 ℃, and reacting for 90-180 min.
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