CN114014705A - Natural grassland recovery method for maintaining biodiversity - Google Patents
Natural grassland recovery method for maintaining biodiversity Download PDFInfo
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- CN114014705A CN114014705A CN202111204132.2A CN202111204132A CN114014705A CN 114014705 A CN114014705 A CN 114014705A CN 202111204132 A CN202111204132 A CN 202111204132A CN 114014705 A CN114014705 A CN 114014705A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of restoration of deteriorated natural grasslands, in particular to a natural grassland restoration method for maintaining biodiversity. In the method provided by the invention, the compound fertilizer comprises the following components: 1800 portions of natural decomposed fertilizer and 2200 portions of natural decomposed fertilizer; 4-6 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer; 2-8 parts of phosphate fertilizer. The method provided by the invention is based on the growth rate hypothesis and the principle of chemometrics, the nitrogen-phosphorus ratio of the natural grassland is adjusted, and the method is applied in the tillering peak period of the plants in spring to achieve the effect of grassland restoration on the basis of maintaining the biodiversity. Meanwhile, the cost is lower, and the method is more ecological and environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of natural grassland restoration, in particular to a method for restoring degenerated natural grassland by adjusting nitrogen-phosphorus ratio based on a growth rate hypothesis and a chemometrics principle on the basis of maintaining biological diversity.
Background
The grassland is an indispensable renewable natural resource in China and is also a traditional animal husbandry base in China. At present, the grassland degradation problem is mainly manifested by insufficient grassland soil fertility, plant community species composition and proportion change on the grassland, grass yield and quality reduction, imbalance of grassland and livestock, imbalance of grassland species diversity and the like.
In a natural state, nutrient substances required by the pasture are mainly provided by soil biochemical action, the ecological balance of a degraded pasture is damaged in different degrees, a large amount of nutrient substances consumed by the growth of the pasture cannot be recovered, and the soil fertility is continuously reduced. The nutrient addition can adjust and control the stoichiometry of soil and plants aiming at the problem of unbalance of the existing ecological stoichiometry of the natural deteriorated grassland, effectively recover the overground productivity of the natural grassland, realize the sustainable utilization of natural grassland resources and fully play the economic value and the ecological value of grasslands.
The nutrient addition is one of the main ways of improving the grassland productivity, can increase the available nutrients of soil, improve the nutrient condition of soil, promote the tillering and branching of the pasture, increase the light intensity, multiply increase the yield per unit area, and increase the number of root systems, the distribution depth and the regeneration capacity of the pasture. The soil fertility improvement and the recovery of the productivity on the grassland can be effectively promoted through reasonable nutrient metering regulation, so that the sustainable utilization of natural grassland resources is realized, and the economic value and the ecological value of northern grasslands are fully exerted.
Disclosure of Invention
Practical studies have shown that nutrient addition, while effective in improving natural turf productivity, often results in a decrease in the diversity of turf plant populations, and that sustainable development of turf ecosystems and maintenance of turf productivity is largely dependent on the diversity of turf plant populations. Therefore, the decrease of the species diversity of the grassland colony can affect the community stability of the natural grassland, is not beneficial to the long-term development of the natural grassland, and cannot give consideration to the ecological function and the production function of the natural grassland, so that when the grassland is recovered, the benefit and the stability of an ecological system are maximized, and the grassland productivity is required to be improved on the basis of maintaining the biological diversity unchanged.
When nutrient addition is carried out, inorganic fertilizers taking nitrogen fertilizers as main materials are usually used in production, the application amount is relatively extensive, the stoichiometric amount of soil is not accurately regulated and controlled according to a growth rate hypothesis, the nutrient utilization rate in the prior art is low, a good productivity improvement effect cannot be achieved, and meanwhile, partial species disappear due to plant competition, so that biological diversity of a grassland is lost. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method for restoring deteriorated grassland, which can ensure the biological diversity of grassland species, restore the biomass of the deteriorated grassland and improve the production function of the deteriorated grassland on the basis of ensuring the ecological function of the grassland.
The invention aims to provide a method for improving aboveground biomass of natural grassland on the basis of maintaining biological diversity, which is characterized in that the aboveground biomass of the natural grassland can be quickly recovered and the community density and community height of degraded natural grassland can be improved by proportioning a naturally decomposed fertilizer, a nitrogen fertilizer and a phosphorus fertilizer based on a growth rate hypothesis and stoichiometry, and meanwhile, the biological diversity of the original natural grassland is maintained.
Nutrient addition can effectively restore the overground productivity of the natural grassland, is a conventional method for realizing sustainable utilization of natural grassland resources, and in the existing fertilizer addition research, the improvement of the overground productivity of the grassland is often accompanied with the loss of biodiversity. The reduction of biodiversity can influence the community stability of natural grassland, is unfavorable for the long-term development of natural grassland, can't compromise the ecological function of natural grassland.
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
in the first aspect, the invention provides a compound fertilizer, and through a large amount of experimental researches, the mass ratio of a naturally fermented decomposed fertilizer to a nitrogen fertilizer is found to be (1800-: and (4-6), the ecological function and the production function of the grassland can be considered.
Specifically, in the compound fertilizer provided by the invention, the mass ratio of the naturally decomposed fertilizer to the nitrogen fertilizer to the phosphorus fertilizer is (1800) -2200): (4-6): and (2-8), the deteriorated natural grassland can be recovered while the ecological function of the grassland is considered.
The naturally fermented and decomposed fertilizer is naturally fermented and decomposed sheep manure which is wide in source, so that the utilization of waste can be realized, and the damage to the ecological environment can be reduced.
Preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea (CO (NH)2)2) Nitrogen is a major element constituting proteins, and is also a major component of chlorophyll, enzymes, nucleic acids, phospholipids, alkaloids, and glycosides; the phosphorus fertilizer is diammonium phosphate (N18: P)2O546) The phosphorus content of an organism determines the formation of RNA, which acts on the ribosome and in turn has an effect on the protein and the growth rate.
The content of naturally fermented and decomposed organic matters is more than or equal to 25 percent, the content of NPK total nutrients is more than or equal to 3 percent, the content of heavy metal content total arsenic (As) (calculated by a drying base) is less than or equal to 15mg/kg, the content of total mercury (Hg) (calculated by the drying base) is less than or equal to 2mg/kg, the content of total lead (Pb) (calculated by the drying base) is less than or equal to 50mg/kg, the content of total chromium (Cr) (calculated by the drying base) is less than or equal to 150mg/kg, and the content of total cadmium (Cd) (calculated by the drying base) is less than or equal to 3 mg/kg.
The specific fertilizing amount is as follows: 1800-grade decomposed sheep manure 2200 kg/mu, 4-6 kg/mu urea and 2-8 kg/mu diammonium phosphate;
preferably, 2000 kg/mu of decomposed sheep manure, 6 kg/mu of urea and 6 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for restoring deteriorated grassland maintaining biodiversity, comprising: and (3) throwing the naturally decomposed fertilizer by using a fertilizer throwing machine and performing no-tillage fertilization on the nitrogenous fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer by using a seeder between 20 days in 3 months and 20 days in 4 months every year.
The vigorous growth of plants needs a large amount of nutrient elements, and the inherent nutrient elements of soil are consumed in a large amount due to the growth of the plants, so that the contradiction between supply and demand of the nutrient elements is obvious. After the fertilizer addition experiments are carried out in the growth starting period and the growth vigorous period of one year, the grassland in the north of China is found, and the compound fertilizer provided by the invention is applied in spring (the growth season starting period), so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer nutrients by the grassland can be improved, and the biological diversity of the grassland can be effectively maintained.
The specific fertilizing method comprises the following steps: and (3) regulating and controlling nutrients between 20 days of 3 months and 20 days of 4 months in each year at the tillering peak stage in spring, wherein 6 kg/mu of urea and 6 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate are subjected to no-tillage fertilization by using a seeder, and 2000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer is subjected to throwing fertilization by using a fertilizer throwing machine.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a formulation comprising the above compound fertilizer.
In a fourth aspect, the invention claims the use of the above-described compound fertilizer, the above-described degraded turf restoration method, or the above-described formulation for increasing the above-ground biomass of turf, maintaining species abundance within a turf community, and/or increasing community density and height, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. The invention also claims the application of the compound fertilizer, the degraded grassland restoration method or the preparation in improving the growth density or biomass of the pasture in the degraded grassland.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method can obviously improve the overground productivity of the natural grassland, maintain the biodiversity of the natural grassland and improve the stability of the ecological function of the grassland, and the method adopts the natural decomposed fertilizer, thereby being ecological and environment-friendly and having high safety factor. Compared with a blank control sample plot, the sample plot treated by the method has the advantages that the aboveground biomass, the colony density and the colony height are obviously improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the abundance of species in the same plot of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph of aerial effects of natural grass restoration according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. It is intended that all modifications or alterations to the methods, procedures or conditions of the present invention be made without departing from the spirit and substance of the invention.
Unless otherwise specified, test materials, reagents, instruments and the like used in the examples of the present invention are commercially available; all technical measures in the examples of the present invention are conventional measures well known to those skilled in the art, unless otherwise specified.
And (4) preparing a fertilizer. Preparing an organic fertilizer: 30000kg of completely decomposed sheep manure is prepared to be used as a naturally decomposed fertilizer; preparing an inorganic fertilizer: 60kg of urea and 60kg of diammonium phosphate are prepared, and the prepared inorganic fertilizer is uniformly mixed for later use.
Experimental plot information: the experimental grassland is located in a natural grassland recovery demonstration area of a certain farm and pasture in Herenbel City of inner Mongolia autonomous region, the grassland is an enclosed grass-cutting land, continuous grass cutting causes the land quality to be reduced, the productivity is low, and recovery is urgently needed.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a compound fertilizer, and the components of the compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment are as follows: 1000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer (sheep manure) and 4 kg/mu of inorganic fertilizer (urea).
Example 2
The embodiment provides a compound fertilizer, and the components of the compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment are as follows: 1000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer (sheep manure) and 6 kg/mu of inorganic fertilizer (urea).
Example 3
The embodiment provides a compound fertilizer, and the components of the compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment are as follows: 1000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer (sheep manure) and 8 kg/mu of inorganic fertilizer (urea).
Example 4
The embodiment provides a compound fertilizer, and the components of the compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment are as follows: 1000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer (sheep manure) and 10 kg/mu of inorganic fertilizer (urea).
Example 5
The embodiment provides a compound fertilizer, and the components of the compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment are as follows: 1500 kg/mu of organic fertilizer (sheep manure) and 4 kg/mu of inorganic fertilizer (urea).
Example 6
The embodiment provides a compound fertilizer, and the components of the compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment are as follows: 1500 kg/mu of organic fertilizer (sheep manure) and 6 kg/mu of inorganic fertilizer (urea).
Example 7
The embodiment provides a compound fertilizer, and the components of the compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment are as follows: 1500 kg/mu of organic fertilizer (sheep manure) and 8 kg/mu of inorganic fertilizer (urea).
Example 8
The embodiment provides a compound fertilizer, and the components of the compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment are as follows: 1500 kg/mu of organic fertilizer (sheep manure) and 10 kg/mu of inorganic fertilizer (urea).
Example 9
The embodiment provides a compound fertilizer, and the components of the compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment are as follows: 2000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer (sheep manure) and 4 kg/mu of inorganic fertilizer (urea).
Example 10
The embodiment provides a compound fertilizer, and the components of the compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment are as follows: 2000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer (sheep manure) and 6 kg/mu of inorganic fertilizer (urea).
Example 11
The embodiment provides a compound fertilizer, and the components of the compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment are as follows: 2000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer (sheep manure) and 8 kg/mu of inorganic fertilizer (urea).
Example 12
The embodiment provides a compound fertilizer, and the components of the compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment are as follows: 2000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer (sheep manure) and 10 kg/mu of inorganic fertilizer (urea).
Example 13
The embodiment provides a compound fertilizer, and the components of the compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment are as follows: 2500 kg/mu of organic fertilizer (sheep manure) and 4 kg/mu of inorganic fertilizer (urea).
Example 14
The embodiment provides a compound fertilizer, and the components of the compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment are as follows: 2500 kg/mu of organic fertilizer (sheep manure) and 6 kg/mu of inorganic fertilizer (urea).
Example 15
The embodiment provides a compound fertilizer, and the components of the compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment are as follows: 2500 kg/mu of organic fertilizer (sheep manure) and 8 kg/mu of inorganic fertilizer (urea).
Example 16
The embodiment provides a compound fertilizer, and the components of the compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment are as follows: 2500 kg/mu of organic fertilizer (sheep manure) and 10 kg/mu of inorganic fertilizer (urea).
Example 17
The embodiment provides a compound fertilizer, and the components of the compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment are as follows: 2000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer (sheep manure) and 2 kg/mu of inorganic fertilizer (6 kg/mu of urea and 2 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate).
Example 18
The embodiment provides a compound fertilizer, and the components of the compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment are as follows: 2000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer (sheep manure) and inorganic fertilizer (6 kg/mu of urea and 4 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate).
Example 19
The embodiment provides a compound fertilizer, and the components of the compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment are as follows: 2000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer (sheep manure) and 6 kg/mu of inorganic fertilizer (urea and 6 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate).
Example 20
The embodiment provides a compound fertilizer, and the components of the compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment are as follows: 2000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer (sheep manure) and 8 kg/mu of inorganic fertilizer (6 kg/mu of urea and 8 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate).
Example 21
The embodiment provides a compound fertilizer, and the components of the compound fertilizer provided by the embodiment are as follows: 2000 kg/mu of organic fertilizer (sheep manure) and inorganic fertilizer (6 kg/mu of urea and 10 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate).
Example 22
This example provides a method for applying a compound fertilizer, and the compound fertilizer used in this example has the composition of the compound fertilizer provided in example 21.
The test area is 20 meters wide and 50 meters long. Each process set 3 replicates. The experiment begins at the tillering stage of the plant, and the specific operation time is 3 and 30 days in 2018 and 8 and 20 days in 2018.
(1) And (3) compound fertilizer application treatment:
fertilizing time: 3, month and 30 days;
a fertilizing mode: inorganic fertilizer is evenly mixed and is applied in a no-tillage way by using a seeder, organic fertilizer is applied in a throwing way by using a fertilizer throwing machine, and the organic fertilizer and the fertilizer are evenly distributed in an experimental treatment area.
(2) Collecting plant data:
collecting time: about 8 months and 20 days in the same year;
the acquisition method comprises the following steps: setting 1 sample prescription with the size of 1 m multiplied by 1 m in each experimental area, and collecting the height, the strain cluster number and the species number of each species in the sample prescription; collecting according to species, collecting the aboveground biomass of all communities, bringing the aboveground biomass back to a laboratory for drying, weighing and recording.
The results of applying the compound fertilizer and collecting plant data using the compound fertilizers of examples 1 to 20 and the fertilization method of example 22 are shown in table 1. The abundance of species in the plot is schematically shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, which are aerial images of the recovery of natural grass, with the recovery areas shaded in dark color and the control areas on both sides of the recovery areas.
TABLE 1 results of different compound fertilizer application treatments
In the treatment groups treated with the compound fertilizer, the abundance of most of the treatment groups was lower than that of the placebo group. This also confirms that natural grass restoration is usually carried out at the expense of species diversity. Particularly, under the action of the fertilizer, the caraway, the Chinese pulsatilla root, the common clubmoss herb and the potentilla bicolor are reduced and even disappear in partial cells, so the biodiversity is obviously reduced.
According to the invention, by researching the optimal matching ratio of the organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer, the aboveground biomass and community density and height can be improved while the species abundance is ensured.
For example, when the compound fertilizers provided in examples 17, 18, 19 and 20 were used, the enrichment was higher than that of the placebo group or no significant difference was observed from the placebo group, and the community density and community height in the natural grassland were significantly higher than those of the placebo group under the application of the compound fertilizers.
In the application of the compound fertilizer provided by the invention, the plants which have the most obvious response to the organic fertilizer are the Chinese wildrye, the awnless brome, the leek, the goldsrush and the Heteropappus altaicus, the biomass is obviously increased and accounts for 90 percent of the increase of the biomass, the species are not obviously reduced, and the biological diversity is kept stable.
In the application of the compound fertilizer provided by the invention, the plants which have the most obvious response to the nitrogen fertilizer are leymus chinensis, dianella ensifolia, Betula crassipes, bromus formosanus and the like, and the plants which have the most obvious response to the phosphate fertilizer are leymus chinensis, artemisia vietnamese, Chinese chive and the like.
Comparative example 1 different fertilization times
The compound fertilizer used in this comparative example was the same as in example 19, and the comparative example was different from example 19 in that the fertilization time in this comparative example was a normal fertilization time, and fertilization was performed in summer (6 months and 20 days). The effects obtained by the present invention are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. A compound fertilizer is characterized by containing a naturally decomposed fertilizer and a nitrogen fertilizer; the mass ratio of the naturally decomposed fertilizer to the nitrogen fertilizer is (1800) -2200): (4-6).
2. The compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a phosphate fertilizer; the mass ratio of the naturally decomposed fertilizer, the nitrogenous fertilizer and the phosphatic fertilizer is (1800 plus 2200): (4-6): (2-8).
3. A compound fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said naturally-decomposed organic fertilizer is a decomposed animal manure fertilizer; the nitrogen fertilizer is urea; the phosphate fertilizer is diammonium phosphate.
4. A compound fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the organic matter content in the naturally fermented decomposed fertilizer is not less than 25%; the total nutrient content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is more than or equal to 3 percent; the heavy metal content contains total arsenic less than or equal to 15mg/kg, total mercury less than or equal to 2mg/kg, total lead less than or equal to 50mg/kg, total chromium less than or equal to 150mg/kg and total cadmium less than or equal to 3 mg/kg.
5. A method for restoring deteriorated grassland maintaining the biodiversity of grasslands, characterized in that a fertilizer comprising the compound fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 is applied to the deteriorated grassland.
6. The method for restoring deteriorated grassland according to claim 5, wherein the method is applied to high-latitude grasslands and the fertilization is carried out in spring, and the specific fertilization time is between 3 and 20 months per year and 4 and 20 months per year.
7. The deteriorated grassland restoration method according to claim 5, wherein the naturally decomposed organic fertilizer is thrown by a fertilizer throwing machine, and the nitrogen fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer are applied by a seeder without tillage.
8. A formulation comprising a compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
9. Use of a compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, a method for restoring deteriorated grassland according to any one of claims 5 to 7 or a formulation according to claim 8 for increasing the aboveground biomass of grasslands, for maintaining the abundance of species in grassland communities, and/or for increasing community density and height.
10. Use of a compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, a method for restoring deteriorated grassland according to any one of claims 5 to 7 or a formulation according to claim 8 for increasing the grass growth density or biomass in deteriorated grasslands.
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| CN202111204132.2A CN114014705A (en) | 2021-10-15 | 2021-10-15 | Natural grassland recovery method for maintaining biodiversity |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106508228A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-03-22 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Special fertilizer for grassland and method for rapidly recovering deteriorated grassland |
| CN110199826A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-09-06 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | A method of the Degraded Grasslands ecosystem is restored by planting sheep's hay |
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- 2021-10-15 CN CN202111204132.2A patent/CN114014705A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106508228A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-03-22 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | Special fertilizer for grassland and method for rapidly recovering deteriorated grassland |
| CN110199826A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-09-06 | 中国科学院植物研究所 | A method of the Degraded Grasslands ecosystem is restored by planting sheep's hay |
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