CN114013006B - Production method of composite floor - Google Patents

Production method of composite floor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114013006B
CN114013006B CN202111219175.8A CN202111219175A CN114013006B CN 114013006 B CN114013006 B CN 114013006B CN 202111219175 A CN202111219175 A CN 202111219175A CN 114013006 B CN114013006 B CN 114013006B
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core material
core
floor
surface layer
mass
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CN114013006A (en
Inventor
唐道远
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Anhui Sentai Wpc Technology Floor Co ltd
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Anhui Sentai Wpc Technology Floor Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
    • B29C48/154—Coating solid articles, i.e. non-hollow articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/002—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with surface shaping
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/10—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials
    • E04F15/105—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials of organic plastics with or without reinforcements or filling materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/10—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials
    • E04F15/107—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials composed of several layers, e.g. sandwich panels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a production method of a composite floor, which sequentially comprises a core material, a core surface layer, an adhesive layer and an elastic surface layer from inside to outside, and specifically comprises the following production steps: s1, providing a core material; s2, preheating the core material to enable the surface of the core material to be melted or softened; s3, introducing the core material with the melted or softened surface into a co-extrusion die; meanwhile, coating the core material with the adhesive material through a first extruder to form a coated core material; simultaneously, coating the elastomer material on the coated core material through a second extruder to form an elastic surface layer; finally extruding the coated core material with the elastic surface layer from a co-extrusion die to obtain a floor parison; s4, embossing the floor parison before cooling the floor parison; s5, after embossing treatment is completed, cooling and shaping the floor to obtain the composite floor. According to the invention, the core surface layer is arranged on the surface of the core material, and the elastic surface layer and the core surface layer are bonded by using the adhesive material, so that the bonding strength between the layers is improved.

Description

Production method of composite floor
Technical Field
The invention relates to a production method of a composite floor, and belongs to the technical field of plastic floors.
Background
The thermoplastic elastomer has the excellent performances of high elasticity, aging resistance and oil resistance of the traditional crosslinked vulcanized rubber, and has the characteristics of convenience in processing and wide processing mode of common plastics. Can be produced by adopting the processing modes of injection molding, extrusion, blow molding and the like. Therefore, it is widely applied to various fields. Wood flooring has drawbacks such as flammability and moisture resistance, and in order to solve the problem, thermoplastic polymers have been used to manufacture flooring. However, the polymer floor has the defects of poor texture, easy abrasion, non-skid resistance, low strength and the like, so that the thermoplastic polymer floor is always disfavored in the market. With the progress of technology, PVC floors have gradually increased in recent years in China. There are numerous SPC indoor floors and the like on the market today. However, in the outdoor, PVC floors are rare, and on the one hand, the outdoor floors have higher weather-proof requirements; on the other hand, the outdoor floor is actually another kind of floor which is completely different from the indoor floor, such as SPC floor, which can be laid directly on a flat ground, whereas the outdoor floor is usually erected on a rigid keel. Therefore, the requirement on the mechanical properties is higher for the outdoor floor, the floor can bear the weight placed on the floor, and the floor should not be bent visually.
The international publication number WO2018/154287 A1 discloses a low-heat-absorption flame-retardant polyurethane wood-like material, and the polyurethane board has the characteristics of flame retardance, low heat absorption, antibiosis and soft touch of a surface layer. However, the polyurethane board belongs to polyurethane foaming materials, and has low bending strength and higher material cost when being used as a floor.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and thus provides a method for producing a composite floor. According to the method, the middle layer formed by the adhesive materials mainly prepared by blending the thermoplastic resin, the thermoplastic elastomer and the prepolymer of the thermoplastic elastomer is designed between the surface of the thermoplastic core material and the surface layer of the thermoplastic elastomer, so that the characteristic of high connection strength between the surface layers of the composite floor core is provided.
The technical scheme for solving the problems is as follows:
a method of producing a composite floor, comprising the steps of:
s1, providing a core material;
s2, preheating the core material to enable the surface of the core material to be melted or softened;
s3, introducing the core material with the melted or softened surface into a core material channel of the co-extrusion die; simultaneously, extruding the adhesive material into an intermediate layer runner of a co-extrusion die after melting and plasticizing the adhesive material through a first extruder, so that the adhesive material coats the core material to form a coated core material; simultaneously, extruding the elastomer material into a surface layer runner of a co-extrusion die after melting and plasticizing the elastomer material by a second extruder, so that the surface layer material coats the coated core material; finally extruding the coating core material coated with the elastic surface layer formed by the elastomer material from a co-extrusion die to prepare a floor parison;
s4, embossing the floor blank through an embossing roller before the floor blank is cooled to prepare a floor embossed blank; the embossing roller is internally provided with a cooling circulation channel; controlling the surface temperature of the embossing roller to be not more than 35 ℃ all the time by inputting water or other heat conducting medium into the cooling circulation channel in the embossing treatment process;
s5, after the embossing treatment is finished, cooling and shaping the floor embossing blank to obtain a composite floor;
the composite floor comprises a core material, a middle layer and an elastic surface layer which are integrally connected;
the core material is a self-supporting plate and comprises a supporting core layer and a core surface layer coating the supporting core layer; the core surface layer is formed by thermoplastic resin;
the elastic surface layer is a thermoplastic elastomer and is formed by the elastomer material;
the middle layer is formed by the adhesive material;
the adhesive material is selected from one of polyolefin hot melt adhesive, polyurethane hot melt adhesive or polymer composite material with self-adhesive property; the polymer composite material with self-adhesion is prepared by blending thermoplastic resin, thermoplastic elastomer and prepolymer of the thermoplastic elastomer.
As the preferable choice of the technical proposal, the thermoplastic resin forming the surface layer of the core is PVC, and the thermoplastic elastomer material is TPU.
In the technical scheme, the prefabricated core material is preheated firstly, so that the surface layer of the prefabricated core material is melted or softened, the prefabricated core material is suitable for welding other components, and the inside of the prefabricated core material is still kept in a hardened state, so that the integral strength of the core material is ensured. The supporting core layer of the core material may be a metal core layer typified by aluminum alloy, or may be a thermosetting synthetic polymer material such as glass fiber reinforced plastic, or may be a PVC core material. The preheating of the core material is usually realized by a tunnel type oven at a constant speed, and the heat source of the oven can be infrared irradiation or electric heating.
When a metal is used as the support core layer, the surface layer of the metal core layer is preferably subjected to oxidation treatment in advance to form an oxide film on the surface thereof. Further preferably, a plurality of grooves are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the metal core layer in the longitudinal direction of the metal core layer, and a more firm adhesion can be formed between the core surface layer and the metal core layer by the arrangement of the grooves. The glass fiber reinforced plastic core material is not particularly limited to a composite material made of glass fiber and synthetic resin. The glass fiber is used as reinforcing material in the first composite process of reinforcing fiber and synthetic resin, and the produced fiber reinforced composite material has high mechanical strength and may be used to replace steel material and other metal in some fields. With the development of fiber reinforced technology, a variety of different fiber materials are available, such as carbon fiber, boron fiber, aramid fiber, alumina fiber, silicon carbide fiber, etc., and although fiber reinforced composites produced by using these fibers do not contain glass components, they are known as glass reinforced plastics for the sake of custom. Because the matrix component of the glass fiber reinforced plastic is thermosetting synthetic resin, the glass fiber reinforced plastic can be bonded with thermoplastic resin more widely than metal materials. It should be noted that, the heat resistance of some glass fiber reinforced plastics is low, and in the invention, the glass fiber reinforced plastics are selected to have a heat resistance temperature higher than the operation temperature because the composite floor is required to be produced in a heating environment. When the core layer and the core surface layer are made of thermoplastic materials which are integrated, the heating temperature, the heating mode and the heating time are controlled to ensure that the surface layer of the core material is softened and the inside of the core material is kept relatively hard, and the core material is preferably heated from the outer sides around the core material by adopting modes such as irradiation heating and the like.
After the core material is preheated, the core material is guided into a main channel of a die, and a first co-extrusion runner material outlet and a second co-extrusion runner material outlet are sequentially arranged around the main channel along the feeding direction; the first co-extrusion runner material outlet and the second co-extrusion runner material outlet are semi-enclosed line openings and are arranged on the upper wall and the two side walls of the main channel; the adhesive material is extruded from the material outlet of the first co-extrusion flow channel and then coated on the preheated core material. The adhesive material is formed on the core material in a hot melting state, and because the core material is preheated, under the action of pressure, the adhesive material and the surface of the core material are fused to a certain extent, the adhesive material and the surface material of the core material have certain compatibility, the adhesive material is rapidly semi-coated on the core material, and the binding force is large. Taking a certain position of the core material as an example, in the process, the core material coated with the adhesive material enters the second co-extrusion runner material outlet after advancing by about 10-30 mm along with feeding. The elastomer material is extruded from the material outlet of the second co-extrusion flow channel, and then is molded on the semi-solidified adhesive material which is advanced by about 10-30 mm, and the elastomer material is still in a hot melt state and has good fluidity just after being extruded from the extruder, so that the elastomer material can be rapidly coated on the semi-solidified adhesive material, and at the moment, the adhesive material is not completely solidified, and the adhesive material and the elastomer material have certain compatibility, so that fusion based on the thickness of the respective surface layer part can rapidly occur under the action of pressure.
Hot melt adhesives are commonly used in the art to act as an adhesive layer. The common hot melt adhesives are polyolefin hot melt adhesives and thermoplastic polyurethane hot melt adhesives; although the production and manufacture of products can be realized by using the adhesives, the compatibility of the polyolefin hot melt adhesive and TPU is not very good, and the compatibility of the thermoplastic polyurethane hot melt adhesive and PVC core material is poor; therefore, when mechanical impact stress is applied, the skin layer and the core material may be separated, i.e., degummed.
In order to further solve the problems, the adhesive material of the invention is preferably a polymer composite material with self-adhesion; the polymer composite material is prepared by blending thermoplastic resin, thermoplastic elastomer and a prepolymer of the thermoplastic elastomer.
More specifically, the composite material comprises the following components in parts by mass: 30-50 parts of PVC, 25-35 parts of TPU and 5-10 parts of TPU prepolymer.
In the technical scheme, the TPU prepolymer is synthesized by polyether polyol and diisocyanate without adding a diol chain extender, and the diisocyanate is excessive relative to the polyether polyol; the glycol chain extender is small molecular glycol such as 1, 4-butanediol, 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 3-propanediol 1, 6-hexanediol, etc. The method comprises the following steps: and adding metered polyether polyol and diisocyanate (excessive) into a reaction container, heating to 75-80 ℃ under continuous stirring, vacuumizing for reaction for 50-80 min, and removing vacuum to obtain the polyurethane foam.
In the technical scheme, the temperature of the blending treatment is controlled to be 150-160 ℃.
In order to further improve the performance of the polymer composite material, the raw materials of the polymer composite material also comprise the following components in parts by mass: 3-5 parts of stabilizer, 1-2 parts of stearate and 5-10 parts of filler.
Preferably, the stabilizer is selected from organotin or organobismuth.
Preferably, the stearate is selected from magnesium stearate, calcium stearate or zinc stearate.
Preferably, the filler is superfine calcium carbonate.
Further, the blending treatment specifically comprises: uniformly mixing 30-50 parts by mass of PVC, 3-5 parts by mass of stabilizer, 1-2 parts by mass of stearate and 5-10 parts by mass of filler, kneading at 100-120 ℃ for 2-5 minutes, adding 5-10 parts by mass of TPU prepolymer and 1, 4-butanediol, and kneading for 5-10 minutes; then adding 25-35 parts by mass of TPU, raising the temperature to 150-160 ℃, and continuing kneading for 10-20 min to obtain the adhesive material; the addition amount of the 1, 4-dibutanol is 0.5-2 parts by mass based on 5-10 parts by mass of the TPU prepolymer.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, the embossing treatment is performed before the floor parison is cooled, that is, immediately after the floor parison is extruded from the die.
In summary, the following beneficial effects can be obtained by applying the invention:
1. the invention adopts the mode of coating the core material by the thermoplastic resin to produce the composite floor which can be used for outdoor, utilizes the hard core layer to strengthen the integral structural strength of the floor, uses the thermoplastic elastomer TPU to coat the hard core layer, and forms an elastic surface layer on the periphery of the hard core layer, thereby leading the floor to have the characteristics of wear resistance, impact resistance and the like and having lower cost.
2. According to the invention, the adhesive material is adopted to form the intermediate layer to bond the elastic surface layer and the core material, so that the bonding strength between the TPU elastic surface layer and the core material is enhanced, and particularly, the self-adhesive polymer composite material consisting of PVC, TPU and TPU prepolymer is selected as the intermediate layer material, and meanwhile, the compatibility between the intermediate layer and the TPU elastic surface layer and the compatibility between the intermediate layer and the PVC core surface layer are improved, so that the bonding strength of the coating layer is further enhanced.
3. According to the invention, the hot-melt core surface layer is formed on the periphery of the core layer with the self-supporting structure, the core material is peripherally coated by the intermediate layer under the condition that the core surface layer is softened or melted, and a certain blending occurs between the intermediate layer and the core surface layer on the contact surface, so that the bonding strength between the intermediate layer and the core material is improved, and then the intermediate layer is peripherally coated by the elastic surface layer under the condition that the intermediate layer is not completely solidified, so that a certain blending occurs between the intermediate layer and the elastic surface layer on the contact surface, so that the bonding strength between the intermediate layer and the core material is improved.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are further illustrated by way of example and the performance of the products is tested by way of experimentation.
Example 1
The embodiment prepares the composite floor through the following steps S1-S5, wherein the composite floor comprises a three-layer structure, and a core material, a middle layer and an elastic surface layer are respectively arranged from inside to outside;
s1, preparing a core material, wherein the specification of the core material is 200mm by 50mm by 1000mm, the core layer part of the core material is of a hollow aluminum alloy structure, and the periphery of the aluminum alloy is coated with a thermoplastic core surface layer with the thickness of about 2mm and the main component of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene;
s2, conveying the core material into a heating box through a transfer device, and preheating for 30S in a heating atmosphere at 110 ℃ to soften the surface layer of the core;
s3, introducing the preheated core material into a core material flow channel of the co-extrusion die, and enabling the core material to move along the core material flow channel. Simultaneously, extruding the adhesive material into an intermediate layer runner of a co-extrusion die after melting and plasticizing the adhesive material through a first extruder, so that the adhesive material coats the core material to form a coated core material; simultaneously, the TPU material is extruded into a surface layer runner of a co-extrusion die after being melted and plasticized by a second extruder, so that the surface layer material coats the coated core material; finally extruding the coating core material coated with the elastic surface layer formed by the TPU material from a co-extrusion die to prepare a floor parison;
s4, embossing the floor blank through an embossing roller before the floor blank is cooled to prepare a floor embossed blank; the embossing roller is internally provided with a cooling circulation channel; controlling the surface temperature of the embossing roller to be not more than 35 ℃ all the time by inputting water or other heat conducting medium into the cooling circulation channel in the embossing treatment process;
and S5, after the embossing treatment is finished, cooling and shaping the floor embossing blank to obtain the composite floor.
The preparation method of the adhesive material comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing 30 parts by mass of PVC, 3 parts by mass of an organotin stabilizer, 1 part by mass of calcium stearate and 5 parts by mass of an ultrafine calcium carbonate filler, kneading at 100 ℃ for 5min, adding 10 parts by mass of TPU prepolymer and 2 parts by mass of 1, 4-butanediol, and kneading for 10min; then adding 35 parts by mass of TPU, raising the temperature to 150 ℃, and continuing kneading for 15min to obtain the adhesive material.
In this embodiment, an aluminum alloy core material with a thermoplastic core surface layer whose main component is maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene and whose outer periphery is coated with a layer of thickness of about 2mm is prepared in the prior art, so that the description is omitted.
Example 2
S1, preparing a core material, wherein the specification of the core material is 200mm by 50mm by 1000mm, the core layer part of the core material is a hard foaming PVC self-supporting plate, and the periphery of the self-supporting plate is coated with a thermoplastic core surface layer with the thickness of about 2mm and the main component of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene;
s2, conveying the core material into a heating box through a transfer device, and preheating for 30S in a heating atmosphere at 110 ℃ to soften the surface layer of the core;
s3, introducing the preheated core material into a core material flow channel of the co-extrusion die, and enabling the core material to move along the core material flow channel. Simultaneously, extruding the adhesive material into an intermediate layer runner of a co-extrusion die after melting and plasticizing the adhesive material through a first extruder, so that the adhesive material coats the core material to form a coated core material; simultaneously, the TPU material is extruded into a surface layer runner of a co-extrusion die after being melted and plasticized by a second extruder, so that the surface layer material coats the coated core material; finally extruding the coating core material coated with the elastic surface layer formed by the TPU material from a co-extrusion die to prepare a floor parison;
s4, embossing the floor blank through an embossing roller before the floor blank is cooled to prepare a floor embossed blank; the embossing roller is internally provided with a cooling circulation channel; controlling the surface temperature of the embossing roller to be not more than 35 ℃ all the time by inputting water or other heat conducting medium into the cooling circulation channel in the embossing treatment process;
and S5, after the embossing treatment is finished, cooling and shaping the floor embossing blank to obtain the composite floor.
The preparation method of the adhesive material comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing 35 parts by mass of PVC, 3 parts by mass of stabilizer, 1 part by mass of stearate and 6 parts by mass of filler, kneading at 110 ℃ for 5min, adding 8 parts by mass of TPU prepolymer and 1.4 parts by mass of 1, 4-butanediol, and kneading for 10min; then adding 30 parts by mass of TPU, raising the temperature to 150 ℃, and continuing kneading for 15min to obtain the adhesive material.
In this embodiment, a hard foamed PVC self-supporting core material having a thermoplastic core surface layer whose main component is maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene and whose outer periphery is coated with a layer of thickness of about 2mm is prepared in the prior art, and therefore will not be described in detail.
Example 3
S1, preparing a core material, wherein the specification of the core material is 200mm by 50mm by 1000mm, and the core layer part of the core material is a hard foaming PVC self-supporting plate; the periphery of the self-supporting plate is coated with a thermoplastic core surface layer with the thickness of about 2mm and the main component of PVC;
s2, conveying the core material into a heating box through a transfer device, and preheating for 30S in a heating atmosphere at 110 ℃ to soften the PVC surface layer of the core material;
s3, introducing the preheated core material into a core material flow channel of the co-extrusion die, and enabling the core material to move along the core material flow channel. Simultaneously, extruding the adhesive material into an intermediate layer runner of a co-extrusion die after melting and plasticizing the adhesive material through a first extruder, so that the adhesive material coats the core material to form a coated core material; simultaneously, the TPU material is extruded into a surface layer runner of a co-extrusion die after being melted and plasticized by a second extruder, so that the surface layer material coats the coated core material; finally extruding the coating core material coated with the elastic surface layer formed by the TPU material from a co-extrusion die to prepare a floor parison;
s4, embossing the floor blank through an embossing roller before the floor blank is cooled to prepare a floor embossed blank; the embossing roller is internally provided with a cooling circulation channel; controlling the surface temperature of the embossing roller to be not more than 35 ℃ all the time by inputting water or other heat conducting medium into the cooling circulation channel in the embossing treatment process;
and S5, after the embossing treatment is finished, cooling and shaping the floor embossing blank to obtain the composite floor.
The preparation method of the adhesive material comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 40 parts by mass of PVC, 4 parts by mass of stabilizer, 1.5 parts by mass of stearate and 8 parts by mass of filler, kneading at 110 ℃ for 5min, adding 7 parts by mass of TPU prepolymer and 1.1 parts by mass of 1, 4-butanediol, and kneading for 10min; then adding 30 parts by mass of TPU, raising the temperature to 150 ℃, and continuing kneading for 15min to obtain the adhesive material.
In this embodiment, a PVC thermoplastic core surface layer with a thickness of about 2mm is coated on the outer periphery of the hard foamed PVC self-supporting plate, which belongs to the prior art, and therefore will not be described again.
Example 4
S1, preparing a core material, wherein the specification of the core material is 200mm by 50mm by 1000mm, the core layer part of the core material is high-temperature-resistant glass fiber reinforced plastic, and the periphery of the glass fiber reinforced plastic is coated with a thermoplastic core surface layer with the thickness of about 2mm and the main component of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene;
s2, conveying the core material into a heating box through a transfer device, and preheating for 30S in a heating atmosphere at 110 ℃ to soften the surface layer of the core;
s3, introducing the preheated core material into a core material flow channel of the co-extrusion die, and enabling the core material to move along the core material flow channel. Simultaneously, extruding the adhesive material into an intermediate layer runner of a co-extrusion die after melting and plasticizing the adhesive material through a first extruder, so that the adhesive material coats the core material to form a coated core material; simultaneously, the TPU material is extruded into a surface layer runner of a co-extrusion die after being melted and plasticized by a second extruder, so that the surface layer material coats the coated core material; finally extruding the coating core material coated with the elastic surface layer formed by the TPU material from a co-extrusion die to prepare a floor parison;
s4, embossing the floor blank through an embossing roller before the floor blank is cooled to prepare a floor embossed blank; the embossing roller is internally provided with a cooling circulation channel; controlling the surface temperature of the embossing roller to be not more than 35 ℃ all the time by inputting water or other heat conducting medium into the cooling circulation channel in the embossing treatment process;
and S5, after the embossing treatment is finished, cooling and shaping the floor embossing blank to obtain the composite floor.
The preparation method of the adhesive material comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing 50 parts by mass of PVC, 5 parts by mass of stabilizer, 2 parts by mass of stearate and 10 parts by mass of filler, kneading at 120 ℃ for 5min, adding 5 parts by mass of TPU prepolymer and 0.5 part by mass of 1, 4-butanediol, and kneading for 10min; and then adding 25 parts by mass of TPU, raising the temperature to 160 ℃, and continuing kneading for 20min to obtain the adhesive material.
In this embodiment, the preparation of a glass fiber reinforced plastic core material with a thermoplastic core surface layer with a thickness of about 2mm and a main component of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene is performed in the prior art, so that the description is omitted.
Example 5
S1, preparing a core material, wherein the specification of the core material is 200mm by 50mm by 1000mm, the core layer part of the core material is an aluminum alloy section, and the periphery of the section is coated with a thermoplastic core surface layer with the thickness of about 2mm and the main component of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene;
s2, conveying the core material into a heating box through a transfer device, and preheating for 30S in a heating atmosphere at 110 ℃ to soften the surface layer of the core;
s3, introducing the preheated core material into a core material flow channel of the co-extrusion die, and enabling the core material to move along the core material flow channel. Simultaneously, extruding the adhesive material into an intermediate layer runner of a co-extrusion die after melting and plasticizing the adhesive material through a first extruder, so that the adhesive material coats the core material to form a coated core material; simultaneously, the TPU material is extruded into a surface layer runner of a co-extrusion die after being melted and plasticized by a second extruder, so that the surface layer material coats the coated core material; finally extruding the coating core material coated with the elastic surface layer formed by the TPU material from a co-extrusion die to prepare a floor parison;
s4, embossing the floor blank through an embossing roller before the floor blank is cooled to prepare a floor embossed blank; the embossing roller is internally provided with a cooling circulation channel; controlling the surface temperature of the embossing roller to be not more than 35 ℃ all the time by inputting water or other heat conducting medium into the cooling circulation channel in the embossing treatment process;
and S5, after the embossing treatment is finished, cooling and shaping the floor embossing blank to obtain the composite floor.
The adhesive material is TPU hot melt adhesive.
In this embodiment, an aluminum alloy section with a thermoplastic core surface layer whose main component is maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene and whose outer periphery is coated with a layer of thickness of about 2mm is prepared in the prior art, so that the description is omitted.
Comparative example 1
The composite floor is prepared by the following steps S1-S5, and comprises a two-layer structure, wherein the inner part and the outer part are respectively a core material and an elastic surface layer.
S1, preparing a core material, wherein the specification of the core material is 200mm by 50mm by 1000mm, the core layer part of the core material is of a hollow aluminum alloy structure, and the periphery of the aluminum alloy is coated with a thermoplastic core surface layer with the thickness of about 2mm and the main component of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene.
S2, conveying the core material into a heating box through a conveying device, and preheating for 30S in a heating atmosphere at 110 ℃ to soften the surface layer of the core.
S3, introducing the preheated core material into a core material flow channel of the co-extrusion die, and enabling the core material to move along the core material flow channel. Simultaneously, the TPU material is melted and plasticized by an extruder and then extruded into a surface layer runner of a co-extrusion die, so that the surface layer material coats the core material; and finally extruding the coated core material coated with the elastic surface layer formed by the TPU material from a co-extrusion die to obtain the floor slab.
S4, embossing the floor blank through an embossing roller before the floor blank is cooled to prepare a floor embossed blank; the embossing roller is internally provided with a cooling circulation channel; during the embossing treatment, the surface temperature of the embossing roller is controlled to be not higher than 35 ℃ all the time by inputting water or other heat conducting medium into the cooling circulation channel.
And S5, after the embossing treatment is finished, cooling and shaping the floor embossing blank to obtain the composite floor.
The first is the result of the adhesion strength test of the composite flooring obtained in examples 1 to 5 and comparative example, wherein the flooring in examples has a three-layer structure, the adhesion strength between the middle layer and the core material and between the middle layer and the elastic surface layer is different, the test result is the smaller one of the two adhesion strengths, and the elastic surface layer and the core material in comparative example are directly adhered, so the test result is the adhesion strength value between the elastic surface layer and the core material.
The testing method comprises the following steps: according to the method of GB/T17657-2013, a steel clamp with the size of 20mm x 20mm is adhered to a sample by using an HY-914 quick adhesive, an adhesive layer is cut off along the outline of the steel clamp, after the steel clamp is firmly adhered, the steel clamp is pulled up by a tension meter along the direction perpendicular to the plane of a plate, or the steel clamp is placed downwards on the steel clamp to hang a weight, the weight of the weight is recorded, the maximum tension (N) or the maximum weight before delamination of the hot melt adhesive and an aluminum alloy plate is recorded, and the maximum tension (N) or the maximum weight is recorded as F, wherein the internal bonding strength is P=F/S, and S is the area of the steel clamp; .
And secondly, testing the cold and hot weather resistance of the composite floors obtained in examples 1-5 and comparative examples, wherein the testing principle is the same.
The testing method comprises the following steps: placing the test piece into an air convection drying box at the temperature of 63+/-3 ℃ for drying for 2 hours, taking out, and immediately placing into a constant temperature and humidity box at the temperature of (-20+/-3) ℃ for 2 hours; and repeating the steps for six times, taking out the test piece, and observing whether macroscopic defects such as cracks, bubbles, color changes, wrinkles and the like appear on the surface of the test piece when the temperature reaches the room temperature. And then, the bonding strength of the test piece subjected to cold and hot treatment is tested by the same method as that used in the table one.
List one
Watch II
According to the invention, after the intermediate layer is adopted to bond the core material and the elastic surface layer, the bonding strength of the composite floor is greatly improved; as can be seen from the second table, the composite floor manufactured by adopting the technical scheme of the invention has better stability when resisting cold and hot environments, is not easy to cause problems such as delamination, cracking and the like, and the bonding strength can still be kept at a higher level after a plurality of rounds of cold and hot treatments, because the middle layer plays an elastic buffering role when in cold and hot shrinkage, the tearing between an elastic surface layer and a core layer is avoided, and the bonding strength test cannot be performed in comparison examples because of the obvious quality defect. The adhesive material is formed by taking PVC and TPU as main bodies, and the TPU prepolymer is added, so that when the PVC or maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene material is adopted as the core surface layer, the physical property difference between the adhesive material and the core surface layer is smaller, and compared with the adhesive material directly adopting TPU as the adhesive material, the adhesive material has better bonding strength, and meanwhile, better bonding can be formed between the adhesive material and the elastic surface layer formed by the TPU material.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the invention, and all changes and modifications that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

Claims (4)

1. A method of producing a composite floor, comprising the steps of:
s1, providing a core material;
s2, preheating the core material to enable the surface of the core material to be melted or softened;
s3, introducing the core material with the melted or softened surface into a core material channel of the co-extrusion die; simultaneously, extruding the adhesive material into an intermediate layer runner of a co-extrusion die after melting and plasticizing the adhesive material through a first extruder, so that the adhesive material coats the core material to form a coated core material; simultaneously, extruding the elastomer material into a surface layer runner of a co-extrusion die after melting and plasticizing the elastomer material by a second extruder, so that the surface layer material coats the coated core material; finally extruding the coating core material coated with the elastic surface layer formed by the elastomer material from a co-extrusion die to prepare a floor parison;
s4, embossing the floor blank through an embossing roller before the floor blank is cooled to prepare a floor embossed blank; the embossing roller is internally provided with a cooling circulation channel; controlling the surface temperature of the embossing roller to be not more than 35 ℃ all the time by inputting water or other heat conducting medium into the cooling circulation channel in the embossing treatment process;
s5, after the embossing treatment is finished, cooling and shaping the floor embossing blank to obtain a composite floor;
the composite floor comprises a core material, a middle layer and an elastic surface layer which are integrally connected;
the core material is a self-supporting plate and comprises a supporting core layer and a core surface layer coating the supporting core layer; the core surface layer is formed by thermoplastic resin;
the elastic surface layer is a thermoplastic elastomer and is formed by the elastomer material;
the middle layer is formed by the adhesive material;
the adhesive material is prepared from thermoplastic resin PVC, thermoplastic elastomer TPU and a prepolymer of the thermoplastic elastomer TPU through blending treatment;
the blending treatment is specifically as follows: uniformly mixing 30-50 parts by mass of PVC, 3-5 parts by mass of stabilizer, 1-2 parts by mass of stearate and 5-10 parts by mass of filler, kneading at 100-120 ℃ for 2-5 minutes, adding 5-10 parts by mass of TPU prepolymer and 1, 4-butanediol, and kneading for 5-10 minutes; then adding 25-35 parts by mass of TPU, raising the temperature to 150-160 ℃, and continuing kneading for 10-20 min to obtain the adhesive material; the addition amount of the 1, 4-dibutanol is 0.5-2 parts by mass based on the addition amount of 5-10 parts by mass of the TPU prepolymer;
the thermoplastic resin constituting the core skin is PVC.
2. The method for producing a composite floor according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature of the blending treatment is controlled to be 150-160 ℃.
3. The method for producing a composite floor according to claim 1, wherein: in step S4, embossing is performed before the floor preform is cooled, that is, immediately after the floor preform is extruded from the die.
4. The method for producing a composite floor according to claim 1, wherein: the thermoplastic elastomer material is TPU.
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