CN114012057A - Heavy rail production method for promoting non-metallic inclusion dispersion distribution - Google Patents
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 74
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- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 abstract 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
- B22D11/22—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for cooling cast stock or mould
- B22D11/225—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for cooling cast stock or mould for secondary cooling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention provides a heavy rail production method for promoting non-metallic inclusion dispersion distribution, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that firstly, a rectangular casting blank of the pearlite heavy rail steel is obtained through a continuous casting process, wherein in the secondary cooling process of the continuous casting process, the secondary cooling specific water quantity is reduced along with the increase of the section area of the casting blank, and water distribution of the wide surface and the narrow surface of the casting blank is distributed in a trend of being small in the wide surface and large in the narrow surface; and step two, rolling the casting blank to obtain the steel rail, wherein the wide surface of the casting blank is rolled to form a rail head and a rail bottom of the steel rail. The method promotes the dispersion distribution of nonmetallic inclusions in the pearlite heavy rail steel and improves the mechanical property of the steel rail by optimizing the secondary cooling specific water quantity and the secondary cooling wide-narrow surface water distribution ratio in the continuous casting process. The present disclosure also provides a heavy rail produced by the above method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ferrous metallurgy, and particularly relates to a heavy rail production method for promoting dispersion distribution of non-metallic inclusions and a pearlite heavy rail produced by using the method.
Background
With the rapid development of social economy, railway transportation is continuously tending to high speed and heavy load, and the control requirements of various technical quality indexes of steel rails are continuously improved. When the steel rail is in contact with the wheels, the steel rail bears the reciprocating and variable load of the locomotive loop, and the purity of the steel rail has an important influence on the fatigue life of the steel rail. Due to the blocking effect of the inclusions in the steel on the continuity of the steel matrix structure, the steel is separated from the inclusions in the rolling processing, heat treatment and use processes, so that gaps are generated, and indexes such as mechanical property, corrosion resistance and the like of the steel are negatively influenced. From this, nonmetal inclusion can seriously influence product fail safe nature, and then all cause adverse effect to enterprise's product quality level, quality control qualification rate, production efficiency and manufacturing cost.
In the prior art, the research on the inclusion and the homogeneity control thereof is focused, and the dispersion distribution of the non-metallic inclusions is promoted in the casting stage by designing pouring equipment with a specific structure and using measures such as precursor induction powder, ultrasound and the like so as to improve the mechanical property of the steel rail. However, the existing methods involve modifications to the original equipment, increase in raw materials and/or operation steps, and increase in production costs.
Therefore, the development of a low-cost and easy-to-operate heavy rail production method for effectively promoting the dispersion distribution of non-metallic inclusions and improving the mechanical property of the steel rail is a problem to be solved in the technical field of ferrous metallurgy.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a heavy rail production method for promoting the dispersion distribution of nonmetallic inclusions.
According to the present disclosure, a heavy rail production method for promoting non-metallic inclusions to disperse and distribute is provided, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that firstly, a rectangular casting blank of the pearlite heavy rail steel is obtained through a continuous casting process, wherein in the secondary cooling process of the continuous casting process, the secondary cooling specific water quantity is reduced along with the increase of the section area of the casting blank, and water distribution of the wide surface and the narrow surface of the casting blank is distributed in a trend of being small in the wide surface and large in the narrow surface; and
and step two, rolling the casting blank to obtain the steel rail, wherein the wide surface of the casting blank is rolled to form a rail head and a rail bottom of the steel rail.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the secondary cooling ratio water amount is 0.32-0.41L/kgSteelAnd (5) putting into operation.
According to one embodiment of the disclosure, the water distribution ratio of the secondary cooling wide and narrow surfaces is as follows:
the first section 1 is (1.05-1.1);
the second section 1 is (1.38-1.42);
the third section 1 is (1.45-1.53);
the fourth section 1 is (1.55-1.58);
fifth section 1: 1.55.
According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a pearlitic heavy rail steel comprises: U75V heavy rail steel, U78CrV heavy rail steel.
According to one embodiment of the disclosure, the cross-sectional area of the cast slab comprises the following specifications: 280mm × 380mm, 280mm × 325mm, 320mm × 410 mm.
According to one embodiment of the disclosure, the casting superheat degree in the continuous casting process is 20-35 ℃.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the continuous casting speed during the continuous casting process is 0.65-0.80 m/min.
According to one embodiment of the disclosure, the temperature of the shell at the pulling and straightening position in the continuous casting process is 910-980 ℃.
According to the present disclosure, a heavy rail is provided, which is produced by the above-mentioned heavy rail production method.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the method has the following advantages:
1. according to the heavy rail production method disclosed by the invention, the difference of the cooling heat transfer efficiency of the wide and narrow surfaces of the rectangular blank is fully utilized, secondary cooling water distribution is optimized, cooling is enhanced, the local solidification time is reduced, the local solidification rate is increased, and the distance between secondary dendritic crystal arms is reduced;
2. according to the heavy rail production method disclosed by the invention, the cooling solidification of the casting blank in the continuous casting process is strengthened, the micro segregation of solute is improved, and the segregated MnS nonmetallic inclusion is refined;
3. according to the heavy rail production method disclosed by the invention, the rheological migration of the matrix in a key area is promoted through a large compression ratio, the aggregation of nonmetallic inclusions is reduced, the dispersion distribution of the nonmetallic inclusions is promoted, and the grading quality of the inclusions and the mechanical property of a product are improved;
4. the heavy rail production method only relates to the adjustment of secondary cooling process parameters of a continuous casting process and the allocation of rolling procedures, does not need to modify equipment and increase raw materials/operation steps, and obtains the high-performance pearlite heavy rail steel at low cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a heavy rail production method for promoting dispersancy and distribution of non-metallic inclusions according to the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a billet rolled to form a heavy rail in a heavy rail production method according to the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a prior art casting blank rolled to form a heavy rail.
In the drawings
100 billets, 110 first broad face, 120 second broad face, 130 first narrow face, 140 second narrow face, 200 heavy rail, 210 rail head, 220 rail base.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure more apparent, the present disclosure is further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the disclosure and are not intended to limit the disclosure.
In the process of generating the large-section heavy rail steel continuous casting billet, due to the steel components and the factors of the molten steel solidification heat transfer principle, the local area solidification rate difference of the cross section of the casting billet is large, the concentration distribution of a solidification structure and solute elements generated in the solidification process is not uniform, the serious intercrystalline segregation is further generated, the intercrystalline solute concentration is extremely high, and favorable thermodynamic conditions are provided for low-temperature precipitated nonmetallic inclusions such as MnS and the like. The method improves the micro segregation of solute and refines the segregated MnS and other nonmetallic inclusions by strengthening the cooling solidification of the casting blank in the continuous casting process; the difference of the cooling solidification rate of the rectangular blank in the corresponding direction of the wide surface and the narrow surface is fully utilized; the rheological migration of a matrix in a key area is promoted through a large compression ratio, the aggregation of nonmetallic inclusions is reduced, the dispersion distribution of the nonmetallic inclusions is promoted, and the grading quality of the inclusions and the mechanical property of products are improved.
Fig. 1 shows a flow diagram of a heavy rail production method that promotes diffuse distribution of non-metallic inclusions according to the present disclosure. The method breaks through the traditional cooling water supply scheme that the larger the area of the cross section of the casting blank is and the larger the specific water amount is in the prior art, fully utilizes the difference of the cooling heat transfer efficiency of the wide and narrow surfaces of the rectangular casting blank, optimizes the secondary cooling water distribution reinforced cooling, effectively promotes the dispersive distribution of the non-metallic inclusions, and improves the mechanical property of the steel rail. Specifically, the heavy rail production method for promoting the dispersion distribution of the nonmetallic inclusions comprises the following steps:
and step one, obtaining a rectangular casting blank of the pearlite heavy rail steel by using a continuous casting process, wherein in the secondary cooling process of the continuous casting process, the secondary cooling specific water quantity is reduced along with the increase of the section area of the casting blank. The pearlite heavy rail steel can comprise heavy rail steel with pearlite as the microstructure, such as U75V heavy rail steel, U78CrV heavy rail steel and the like; the cross-sectional area of the casting blank can have various specifications such as 280mm multiplied by 380mm, 280mm multiplied by 325mm, 320mm multiplied by 410mm and the like.
And step two, rolling the casting blank to obtain the steel rail, wherein the wide surface of the casting blank is rolled to form a rail head and a rail bottom of the steel rail. As shown in fig. 2, a first wide surface 110 and a second wide surface 120 of the rectangular cast slab 100 in the thickness direction are rolled to form a rail head 210 and a rail foot 220 of a heavy rail 200, respectively.
In the embodiment of the disclosure, the secondary cooling specific water amount is preferably delivered according to 0.32-0.41L/kg of steel, the specific water amount is mainly influenced by the difference of casting sections, and the section of the whole steel is increased and the specific water amount is reduced; (4) the water distribution ratio of the secondary cooling wide and narrow surfaces is implemented according to the following process: the first section is 1: (1.05-1.1) and the second section is 1: (1.38-1.42) and the third section is 1: (1.45-1.53) and the fourth section is 1: (1.55-1.58) and the fifth section is 1: 1.55. in the rolling process, the wide surface of the casting blank is rolled on the rail bottom side of the rail head by adjusting the rolling process, the narrow surface is positioned on the two sides of the rail web, and the matrix rheology and the regional inheritance from the surface casting blank to the steel rail are realized.
In the continuous casting process adopted by the heavy rail production method for promoting the dispersion and distribution of the nonmetallic inclusions, other process parameters can be set according to specific working conditions. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the following process parameters may be set: the casting superheat degree is 20-35 ℃, the continuous casting drawing speed is 0.60-0.75 m/min, and the blank shell temperature at the drawing and straightening position is 910-980 ℃.
The following are specific examples of heavy rail production methods according to the present disclosure.
Example 1
In the embodiment, a rectangular casting blank of U75V heavy rail steel is obtained by using a continuous casting process, and the section of a casting machine is 280mm multiplied by 380 mm. The following parameters were used in the production process:
subsequently, the casting blank is rolled to obtain the steel rail, wherein the wide surface of the casting blank is rolled to form the rail head and the rail bottom of the steel rail.
After the process is implemented, the heavy rail multipoint sampling is detected, and the result is displayed: the casting blank key area, namely the area corresponding to the non-metal inclusion detection surface of the steel rail, namely the area 40-70 mm away from the surface of the casting blank, the secondary dendrite arm spacing is reduced from 286-411 mu m to 242-279 mu m, the casting blank has good low-power quality, and the proportion of the center porosity and the center segregation which are not more than 1.0 grade is increased from 42% to 72.2%; after the casting blank is rolled into a steel rail, carrying out non-metal inclusion rating detection on the steel rail, and integrally reducing the rating of A-type non-metal inclusions by 0.5-1.0 grade; the number density of non-metallic inclusion particles in a unit area is detected to be 6.1 particles/mm by Aspex scanning2Compared with the conventional production process, the technology of the invention is reduced by 23.7 percent.
Example 2
In the embodiment, a rectangular casting blank of U75V heavy rail steel is obtained by a continuous casting process, and the section of a casting machine is 280mm multiplied by 325 mm. The following parameters were used in the production process:
subsequently, the casting blank is rolled to obtain the steel rail, wherein the wide surface of the casting blank is rolled to form the rail head and the rail bottom of the steel rail.
After the process is implemented, the heavy rail multipoint sampling is detected, and the result is displayed: the secondary dendrite arm spacing of a key region of a casting blank is reduced to 217-255 mu m from 270-358 mu m, the casting blank has good low-power quality, and the proportion of center porosity and center segregation which are not more than 1.0 grade is increased from 57% to 87.3%; after the casting blank is rolled into a steel rail, carrying out non-metal inclusion rating detection on the steel rail, and integrally reducing the rating of A-type non-metal inclusions by 0.5-1.0 grade; the number density of non-metallic inclusion particles in a unit area is detected to be 5.6 particles/mm by Aspex scanning2Compared with the conventional production process, the technology of the invention is reduced by 32.3 percent.
Example 3
In the embodiment, a continuous casting process is used for obtaining a rectangular casting blank of U78CrV heavy rail steel, and the section of a casting machine is 320mm multiplied by 410 mm. The following parameters were used in the production process:
subsequently, the casting blank is rolled to obtain the steel rail, wherein the wide surface of the casting blank is rolled to form the rail head and the rail bottom of the steel rail.
After the process is implemented, the heavy rail multipoint sampling is detected, and the result is displayed: the secondary dendrite arm spacing of a critical area of a casting blank is reduced to 282-326 mu m from 354-450 mu m, the casting blank has good low-power quality, and the proportion of the center porosity and the center segregation which are not more than 1.0 grade is improved to 68.1 percent from 41 percent; after the casting blank is rolled into a steel rail, carrying out non-metal inclusion rating detection on the steel rail, and integrally reducing the rating of A-type non-metal inclusions by 0.5-1.0 grade; the number density of non-metallic inclusion particles in a unit area is detected to be 6.3 particles/mm by Aspex scanning2The technology of the invention is more conventionalThe process is reduced by 21.0%.
Comparative example 1
In comparative example 1, a rectangular cast slab of U75V heavy rail steel was obtained using a continuous casting process, and the caster cross-section was 280mm × 380 mm. In the production process, the secondary cooling adopts weak cooling, the water distribution on the wide and narrow surfaces is in the trend of wide surface more and narrow surface less, and the specific parameters are as follows:
and then rolling the casting blank to obtain the steel rail, wherein the narrow surface of the casting blank is rolled to form a rail head and a rail bottom of the steel rail, and the wide surface of the casting blank is rolled to form a rail waist. As shown in fig. 3, a first long surface 130 and a second narrow surface 140 of the rectangular cast slab 100 in the length direction are rolled to form two side surfaces of a heavy rail 200.
After the process is implemented, the heavy rail multipoint sampling is detected, and the result is displayed: the secondary dendrite arm spacing of the obtained casting blank in a key region is 270-450 mu m, and the proportion of low-power center porosity and center segregation of the casting blank is less than or equal to 1.0 level is 41 percent; after the casting blank is rolled into a steel rail, carrying out non-metal inclusion rating detection on the steel rail, wherein the A-type non-metal inclusion rating is 2.0-3.0 grades integrally; the number density of non-metal inclusion particles in a unit area is detected to be 7.1-8.8 particles/mm by Aspex scanning2。
Comparative example 2
In comparative example 2, a rectangular cast slab of U78CrV heavy rail steel was obtained using a continuous casting process, and the caster cross-section was 320mm × 410 mm. In the production process, the secondary cooling adopts weak cooling, the water distribution on the wide and narrow surfaces is in the trend of wide surface more and narrow surface less, and the specific parameters are as follows:
and then rolling the casting blank to obtain the steel rail, wherein the narrow surface of the casting blank is rolled to form a rail head and a rail bottom of the steel rail, and the wide surface of the casting blank is rolled to form a rail waist. As shown in fig. 3, a first narrow surface 130 and a second narrow surface 140 of the rectangular cast slab 100 in the length direction are rolled to form two side surfaces of a heavy rail 200.
After the process is implemented, the heavy rail multipoint sampling is detected, and the result is displayed: the secondary dendrite arm spacing of the obtained casting blank in a key region is 360-530 mu m, and the proportion of low-power center porosity and center segregation of the casting blank is less than or equal to 1.0 level is 57%; after the casting blank is rolled into a steel rail, carrying out non-metal inclusion rating detection on the steel rail, wherein the A-type non-metal inclusion rating is 2.0-3.0 grades integrally; the number density of non-metal inclusion particles in a unit area is detected to be 8.7-9.8 particles/mm by Aspex scanning2。
In conclusion, compared with the heavy rail steel produced by the conventional method in the comparative example 1-2, the large-section heavy rail steel produced by the method in the example 1-3 has the advantages that the distribution of non-metallic inclusions is more dispersed, the number of particles of inclusions in a unit area is reduced, the rating level of the non-metallic inclusions is improved, an important technical support is provided for improving the quality qualification rate of products, and positive influence is provided for improving the mechanical property of the steel rail.
The above examples merely represent embodiments of the present disclosure, which are described in more detail and detail, but are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present disclosure, and these changes and modifications are all within the scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure should be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A heavy rail production method for promoting non-metallic inclusion dispersion distribution is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that firstly, a rectangular casting blank of the pearlite heavy rail steel is obtained through a continuous casting process, wherein in the secondary cooling process of the continuous casting process, the secondary cooling specific water quantity is reduced along with the increase of the section area of the casting blank, and water distribution of the wide and narrow surfaces of the casting blank is distributed in a trend of being small in wide surface and large in narrow surface; and
and step two, rolling the casting blank to obtain the steel rail, wherein the wide surface of the casting blank is rolled to form a rail head and a rail bottom of the steel rail.
2. The method for producing heavy rails according to claim 1, wherein the amount of secondary cooling water is 0.32-0.41L/kgSteelAnd (5) putting into operation.
3. The heavy rail production method according to claim 2, wherein the water distribution ratio of the secondary cooling wide and narrow surface is as follows:
first section 1: (1.05-1.1);
second section 1: (1.38-1.42);
third section 1: (1.45-1.53);
fourth segment 1: (1.55-1.58);
fifth section 1: 1.55.
4. the method of claim 1, wherein the pearlescent heavy rail steel comprises: U75V heavy rail steel, U78CrV heavy rail steel.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional area of the billet comprises the following specifications: 280mm × 380mm, 280mm × 325mm, 320mm × 410 mm.
6. The production method of the heavy rail as claimed in claim 1, wherein the casting superheat degree in the continuous casting process is 20-35 ℃.
7. The method for producing the heavy rail according to claim 1, wherein the continuous casting speed in the continuous casting process is 0.65-0.80 m/min.
8. The method for producing the heavy rail according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the billet shell at the pulling and straightening position in the continuous casting process is 910-980 ℃.
9. A heavy rail, characterized in that it is produced by a method for producing a heavy rail according to any one of claims 1-8.
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| CN114012057B (en) | 2023-06-06 |
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Effective date of registration: 20231127 Address after: 617000 Taoyuan street, East District, Panzhihua, Sichuan Province, No. 90 Patentee after: PANGANG GROUP PANZHIHUA IRON & STEEL RESEARCH INSTITUTE Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: PANGANG GROUP PANZHIHUA STEEL & VANADIUM Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: XICHANG STEEL VANADIUM CO.,LTD., PANGANG Group Address before: 611731 innovation group of Western Park of Chengdu high tech Zone, Sichuan Province Patentee before: PANGANG GROUP RESEARCH INSTITUTE Co.,Ltd. |