CN114011843A - Method for treating cyanide-containing wastewater by utilizing cyanide tailings - Google Patents
Method for treating cyanide-containing wastewater by utilizing cyanide tailings Download PDFInfo
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- CN114011843A CN114011843A CN202111338545.XA CN202111338545A CN114011843A CN 114011843 A CN114011843 A CN 114011843A CN 202111338545 A CN202111338545 A CN 202111338545A CN 114011843 A CN114011843 A CN 114011843A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
- C02F3/348—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used characterised by the way or the form in which the microorganisms are added or dosed
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2003/001—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage using granular carriers or supports for the microorganisms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/10—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from quarries or from mining activities
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/06—Nutrients for stimulating the growth of microorganisms
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating cyanide-containing wastewater by utilizing cyanide tailings, which comprises the following steps: s1, using cyanided tailing as raw material, adding pore-foaming agent, binder, cosolvent, sodium silicate and polyacrylamide according to a certain proportion, fully and uniformly stirring, S2, press-filtering the evenly mixed cyanided tailing slurry, drying, grinding and granulating to obtain raw material particles; s3, roasting the raw material particles to obtain clinker, and naturally cooling to room temperature; s4, washing the clinker particles to be used as a film forming filler, and carrying out film forming of cyanogen reducing bacteria and cyanogen-containing wastewater treatment. The method for treating the cyanide-containing wastewater can solve the problems that the existing treatment method cannot reduce the stockpiling amount of cyanide tailings and has higher treatment cost, thereby achieving the purposes of reducing the stockpiling amount of the cyanide tailings, purifying the cyanide-containing wastewater, realizing the synchronous treatment of two main pollutants in a cyanidation process, simultaneously carrying out the harmless treatment and resource utilization technologies of solid wastes, treating the wastes with the wastes and having low treatment cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pollutant treatment, in particular to a method for treating cyanide-containing wastewater by utilizing cyanide tailings.
Background
The cyaniding gold extraction process is a mainstream production process in the gold industry because the process is simple and the gold recovery rate is high, at present, more than 90% of gold production enterprises in the gold industry of China adopt the cyaniding gold extraction process, a large amount of cyaniding tailings and cyanide-containing waste water are produced while gold is produced, and because the cyaniding tailings and the cyanide-containing waste water contain gold industry characteristic pollutants such as cyanide, thiocyanate, heavy metal and the like, the cyaniding tailings and the cyanide-containing waste water have the characteristics of severe toxicity, complexity, concealment and the like, so that the treatment of the cyaniding tailings and the cyanide-containing waste water becomes an environmental protection problem which needs to be solved by the cyaniding process enterprises. Particularly, after 2016, cyanide tailings are listed in the book of dangerous wastes, the problem of disposal and utilization of the cyanide tailings is always the focus of attention of the whole industry, and is directly related to the normal development of various cyanide enterprises and even the whole gold industry.
Aiming at cyanide tailings and cyanide-containing wastewater generated in the gold industry, the currently common treatment method is to destroy or remove pollutants such as cyanide, heavy metals and the like in the cyanide tailings and ensure that the pollutants reach the corresponding stockpiling or discharge standard, but the treatment methods do not reduce stockpiling of the cyanide tailings, have relatively high treatment cost and cause great burden to the operation of enterprises. Meanwhile, through analysis and research, a certain amount of substances such as aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, sulfur, iron, zinc, copper, lead, gold, silver and the like contained in the cyanide tailings can be used for manufacturing fillers for wastewater purification treatment, the prepared purification material can be directly applied to the treatment of cyanide-containing wastewater, the harmless treatment and resource utilization technologies of solid wastes can be realized simultaneously, the purpose of treating wastes with wastes is realized, and a feasible road is explored for the comprehensive utilization of the cyanide tailings, so that the key for realizing the cooperative treatment of the cyanide tailings and the cyanide-containing wastewater is how to realize the conversion of the cyanide tailings to the fillers and explore the purification treatment process of the cyanide-containing wastewater by using the fillers.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the related art, the invention provides a method for treating cyanide-containing wastewater by utilizing cyanide tailings, which can overcome the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for treating cyanide-containing wastewater by utilizing cyanide tailings comprises the following steps:
s1, adding pore-foaming agents, binders, cosolvents, sodium silicate and polyacrylamide into cyanide tailing pulp according to the weight percentages of 2-10%, 0.5-5%, 0.1-2% and 0.05-1% of the dry weight of cyanide tailings, and fully and uniformly stirring to ensure that the mass percentages of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide and flux components in the prepared dry materials are 53-79%, 10-25% and 13-26% respectively;
s2, inputting the evenly mixed cyanidation tailing slurry into a plate-and-frame filter press for filter pressing, placing filter-pressed filter residues into a dryer for drying, then conveying the dried filter residues into a pulverizer for grinding, conveying the ground materials into a granulator for granulation, and preparing raw material particles;
s3, placing the raw material particles into a kiln for roasting, preheating for 0.5-2 h at 400-600 ℃, then heating to 800-1200 ℃, roasting for 0.5-2 h to obtain clinker particles, and naturally cooling the clinker particles to room temperature;
s4, cleaning the clinker particles with water, placing the cleaned clinker particles as a filler into a reaction column of a biological filter, adding cyanide-containing wastewater, cyanide-reducing bacteria liquid and a nutrient for aeration biofilm formation of strains for 7-30 days, and pumping the cyanide-containing wastewater to be treated into the reaction column of the biological filter for treatment after a microbial film is successfully attached to the surface layer of the filler.
Further, the mass concentration of solids in the cyanidation tailing pulp in the S1 is 35-55%.
Further, the pore-forming agent in the S1 is one of carbon powder, straw, graphite powder, fly ash, coal gangue and starch, and the particle size of the pore-forming agent is less than 0.2 mm.
Further, the binder in the S1 is one of kaolinite, montmorillonite, hydromica, mullite, bentonite, coal gangue, sludge and engineering slag, and the granularity of the binder is less than 0.2 mm.
Further, the cosolvent in the S1 is one of iron-containing waste residues, pyrite, glass powder, limestone, alumina, magnesium oxide and ferrous sulfate, and the granularity of the cosolvent is less than 0.2 mm.
Further, the polyacrylamide in S1 is added in the following manner: polyacrylamide is prepared into a solution with the mass concentration of 0.1-1% and added into the cyaniding tailing pulp.
Further, the dryer in the step S2 is a drum dryer, the drying temperature is 60 to 120 ℃, the dried filter residue is ground to a fineness of less than 0.2mm, and the granulator is a drum granulator or a disc granulator, so that the particle size of the prepared raw material particles is 3 to 10 mm.
Further, the kiln in the S3 is a roasting furnace or a rotary kiln.
Furthermore, the biological filter in the S4 is an upflow reaction tank, a water distribution device and an aeration device are arranged at the bottom of the biological filter, a clinker particle packing layer is arranged above the aeration device, and the filling amount accounts for 1/5-4/5 of the volume of the reaction tank.
Further, the pH value of the cyanide-containing wastewater in the S4 is 7.5-9.0, the water temperature is 15-35 ℃, and BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) is achieved5/CODcrMore than 0.3, and the concentration of heavy metal ions in the cyanide-containing wastewater is less than or equal to 5 mg/L.
Further, the nutrient in the S4 is a mixture of glucose, ammonium carbonate and disodium hydrogen phosphate, and the nutrient can maintain BOD in the wastewater5The mass ratio of N to P is 100:5:1。
Furthermore, the strain of the cyanide-reducing bacterial liquid in the S4 is a combined flora of more than 2 of pseudomonas fluorescens, pseudomonas putida, pseudomonas stutzeri, nocardia and bacillus, the strain biofilm culturing mode adopts artificial feeding of strain biofilm culturing, the gas-liquid ratio is set to be 1-5: 1, and the dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 2 mg/L.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for treating cyanide-containing wastewater by utilizing cyanide tailings can solve the problems that the existing treatment method cannot reduce the stockpiling amount of cyanide tailings and has higher treatment cost, thereby achieving the purposes of reducing the stockpiling amount of cyanide tailings, purifying the cyanide-containing wastewater, synchronously treating two main pollutants in a cyanidation process, simultaneously performing harmless treatment and resource utilization technologies of solid wastes, treating the wastes by the wastes and having low treatment cost.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method for treating cyanide-containing wastewater by utilizing cyanide tailings according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments that can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art from the embodiments given herein are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for treating cyanide-containing wastewater by using cyanidation tailings according to the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, adding pore-foaming agents, binders, cosolvents, sodium silicate and polyacrylamide into cyanide tailing pulp according to the weight percentages of 2-10%, 0.5-5%, 0.1-2% and 0.05-1% of the dry weight of cyanide tailings, and fully and uniformly stirring to ensure that the mass percentages of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide and flux components in the prepared dry materials are 53-79%, 10-25% and 13-26% respectively;
s2, inputting the evenly mixed cyanidation tailing slurry into a plate-and-frame filter press for filter pressing, placing filter-pressed filter residues into a dryer for drying, then conveying the dried filter residues into a pulverizer for grinding, conveying the ground materials into a granulator for granulation, and preparing raw material particles;
s3, placing the raw material particles into a kiln for roasting, preheating for 0.5-2 h at 400-600 ℃, then heating to 800-1200 ℃, roasting for 0.5-2 h to obtain clinker particles, and naturally cooling the clinker particles to room temperature;
s4, cleaning the clinker particles with water, placing the cleaned clinker particles as a filler into a reaction column of a biological filter, adding cyanide-containing wastewater, cyanide-reducing bacteria liquid and a nutrient for aeration biofilm formation of strains for 7-30 days, and pumping the cyanide-containing wastewater to be treated into the reaction column of the biological filter for treatment after a microbial film is successfully attached to the surface layer of the filler.
The mass concentration of the solid in the cyanidation tailing pulp in the S1 is 35-55%.
The pore-foaming agent in the S1 is one of carbon powder, straw, graphite powder, fly ash, coal gangue and starch, and the particle size of the pore-foaming agent is less than 0.2 mm.
The binder in the S1 is one of kaolinite, montmorillonite, hydromica, mullite, bentonite, coal gangue, sludge and engineering slag, and the granularity of the binder is less than 0.2 mm.
The cosolvent in the S1 is one of iron-containing waste residues, pyrite, glass powder, limestone, aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide and ferrous sulfate, and the granularity of the cosolvent is less than 0.2 mm.
The adding mode of the polyacrylamide in the S1 is as follows: polyacrylamide is prepared into a solution with the mass concentration of 0.1-1% and added into the cyaniding tailing pulp.
The dryer in the step S2 is a roller dryer, the drying temperature is 60-120 ℃, the dried filter residue is ground to the fineness of less than 0.2mm, and the granulator is a roller granulator or a disc granulator to obtain raw material granules with the particle size of 3-10 mm.
The kiln in the S3 is a roasting furnace or a rotary kiln.
The biological filter in the S4 is an upflow reaction tank, a water distribution device and an aeration device are arranged at the bottom of the biological filter, a clinker particle packing layer is arranged above the aeration device, and the loading amount accounts for 1/5-4/5 of the volume of the reaction tank.
The pH value of the cyanide-containing wastewater in the S4 is 7.5-9.0, the water temperature is 15-35 ℃, and BOD5/CODcrMore than 0.3, and the concentration of heavy metal ions in the cyanide-containing wastewater is less than or equal to 5 mg/L.
The nutrient in the S4 is a mixture of glucose, ammonium carbonate and disodium hydrogen phosphate, and the nutrient maintains BOD in the wastewater5The mass ratio of N to P is 100:5: 1.
The strain of the cyanogen-reducing bacterial liquid in the S4 is more than 2 combined floras in pseudomonas fluorescens, pseudomonas putida, pseudomonas stutzeri, nocardia and bacillus, the strain biofilm culturing mode adopts artificial addition of strain biofilm culturing, the gas-liquid ratio is set to be 1-5: 1, and the dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 2 mg/L.
In order to facilitate understanding of the above-described technical aspects of the present invention, the above-described technical aspects of the present invention will be described in detail below in terms of specific usage.
Example 1
Adopting a full-mud cyanidation gold extraction process to generate cyanidation tailing slurry with the solid mass concentration of 35%, wherein the result of multi-element analysis of filter residue after filter pressing is shown in table 1, and carbon powder, kaolin, ferrous sulfate, sodium silicate and polyacrylamide are respectively added into the cyanidation tailing slurry according to 10%, 2%, 5%, 1% and 0.5% of the dry weight of cyanidation tailing, and are fully and uniformly stirred, wherein the polyacrylamide is prepared into a solution with the mass concentration of 0.1% and is added; placing the evenly mixed cyanidation tailing pulp into a filter press for filter pressing, placing filter-pressed filter residues into an oven for drying at the temperature of 80 ℃, placing the dried filter residues into a pulverizer for grinding until the fineness is below 0.2mm, and then placing the filter residues into a disc granulator for granulation to prepare raw material particles with the particle size of 3-5 mm; placing the raw material particles in a roasting furnace for roasting, firstly preheating for 1h at 400 ℃, then heating to 1100 ℃, roasting for 1h to obtain clinker, and naturally cooling to room temperature. Cleaning clinker particles with water, placing the clinker particles into a biofilter reaction column as a filler, adding cyanide-containing wastewater, cyanide-reducing bacteria liquid and a nutrient for aeration biofilm formation of strains for 30 days, diluting the cyanide-containing wastewater, gradually increasing the cyanide concentration from 5mg/L to 35mg/L, wherein the inoculation amount of the cyanide-reducing bacteria liquid is 30%, the nutrient is a mixture of glucose and disodium hydrogen phosphate, a microbial film is attached to the surface layer of the filler, and after the cyanide treatment effect is stable, pumping the cyanide-containing wastewater to be treated into the biofilter reaction column for treatment, wherein the concentrations of pollutants in inlet water and outlet water of the cyanide-containing wastewater are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 1 cyanided tailings multielement analysis results
TABLE 2 contaminant concentrations of influent and effluent of a biofilter reaction column
Note: the data in the table are in mg/L, pH is dimensionless.
Example 2
Adopting a full-mud cyanidation gold extraction process to generate cyanidation tailing slurry with the solid mass concentration of 35%, wherein the result of multi-element analysis of filter residue after filter pressing is shown in table 1, and straw powder, bentonite, iron powder, sodium silicate and polyacrylamide are respectively added into the cyanidation tailing slurry according to 8%, 5%, 3.5%, 1.5% and 0.5% of the dry weight of cyanidation tailing, and are fully and uniformly stirred, wherein the polyacrylamide is prepared into a solution with the mass concentration of 0.1% and is added; placing the evenly mixed cyanidation tailing pulp into a filter press for filter pressing, placing filter-pressed filter residues into an oven for drying at the temperature of 80 ℃, placing the dried filter residues into a pulverizer for grinding until the fineness is below 0.2mm, and then placing the filter residues into a disc granulator for granulation to prepare raw material particles with the particle size of 3-5 mm; placing the raw material particles in a roasting furnace for roasting, firstly preheating for 1h at 400 ℃, then heating to 1100 ℃, roasting for 1h to obtain clinker, and naturally cooling to room temperature. Cleaning clinker particles with water, placing the clinker particles into a biofilter reaction column as a filler, adding cyanide-containing wastewater, cyanide-reducing bacteria liquid and a nutrient for aeration biofilm formation of strains for 30 days, diluting the cyanide-containing wastewater, gradually increasing the cyanide concentration from 5mg/L to 150mg/L, wherein the inoculation amount of the cyanide-reducing bacteria liquid is 30%, the nutrient is a mixture of glucose, ammonium carbonate and disodium hydrogen phosphate, after a microbial film is attached to the surface layer of the filler, and after the cyanide treatment effect is stable, pumping the cyanide-containing wastewater to be treated into the biofilter reaction column for treatment, wherein the concentrations of water pollutants in and out of the cyanide-containing wastewater are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 contaminant concentrations of influent and effluent of a biofilter reaction column
Note: the data in the table are in mg/L, pH is dimensionless.
In conclusion, by means of the technical scheme, the problems that the existing treatment method cannot reduce the stockpiling amount of cyanide tailings and the treatment cost is high can be solved, so that the aims of reducing the stockpiling amount of the cyanide tailings, purifying cyanide-containing wastewater, realizing synchronous treatment of two main pollutants in a cyanidation process, performing harmless treatment of solid wastes and recycling utilization technologies simultaneously, treating wastes with wastes and reducing the treatment cost are fulfilled.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (12)
1. A method for treating cyanide-containing wastewater by utilizing cyanide tailings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, adding pore-foaming agents, binders, cosolvents, sodium silicate and polyacrylamide into cyanide tailing pulp according to the weight percentages of 2-10%, 0.5-5%, 0.1-2% and 0.05-1% of the dry weight of cyanide tailings, and fully and uniformly stirring to ensure that the mass percentages of silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide and flux components in the prepared dry materials are 53-79%, 10-25% and 13-26% respectively;
s2, inputting the evenly mixed cyanidation tailing slurry into a plate-and-frame filter press for filter pressing, placing filter-pressed filter residues into a dryer for drying, then conveying the dried filter residues into a pulverizer for grinding, conveying the ground materials into a granulator for granulation, and preparing raw material particles;
s3, placing the raw material particles into a kiln for roasting, preheating for 0.5-2 h at 400-600 ℃, then heating to 800-1200 ℃, roasting for 0.5-2 h to obtain clinker particles, and naturally cooling the clinker particles to room temperature;
s4, cleaning the clinker particles with water, placing the cleaned clinker particles as a filler into a reaction column of a biological filter, adding cyanide-containing wastewater, cyanide-reducing bacteria liquid and a nutrient for aeration biofilm formation of strains for 7-30 days, and pumping the cyanide-containing wastewater to be treated into the reaction column of the biological filter for treatment after a microbial film is successfully attached to the surface layer of the filler.
2. The method for treating cyanide-containing wastewater by using cyanide tailings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass concentration of solids in the cyanide tailings slurry in the S1 is 35% to 55%.
3. The method for treating cyanide-containing wastewater by using cyanide tailings according to claim 1, wherein the pore-forming agent in the S1 is one of carbon powder, straw, graphite powder, fly ash, coal gangue and starch, and the particle size of the pore-forming agent is less than 0.2 mm.
4. The method for treating cyanide-containing wastewater by using cyanide tailings according to claim 1, wherein the binder in the S1 is one of kaolinite, montmorillonite, hydromica, mullite, bentonite, coal gangue, sludge and engineering slag, and the particle size of the binder is less than 0.2 mm.
5. The method for treating cyanide-containing wastewater by using cyanide tailings according to claim 1, wherein the cosolvent in the S1 is one of iron-containing waste residues, pyrite, glass powder, limestone, alumina, magnesium oxide and ferrous sulfate, and the particle size of the cosolvent is less than 0.2 mm.
6. The method for treating cyanide-containing wastewater by using cyanide tailings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polyacrylamide in the S1 is added in a manner that: polyacrylamide is prepared into a solution with the mass concentration of 0.1-1% and added into the cyaniding tailing pulp.
7. The method for treating cyanide-containing wastewater by using cyanide tailings according to claim 1, wherein the dryer in the step S2 is a drum dryer, the drying temperature is 60 to 120 ℃, the dried filter residue is ground to a fineness of less than 0.2mm, the granulator is a drum granulator or a disc granulator, and the particle size of the prepared raw material particles is 3 to 10 mm.
8. The method for treating cyanide-containing wastewater by using cyanide tailings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the kiln in the S3 is a roasting furnace or a rotary kiln.
9. The method for treating cyanide-containing wastewater by using cyanide tailings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biological filter in the S4 is an upflow reaction tank, a water distribution device and an aeration device are arranged at the bottom of the reaction tank, a clinker particle packing layer is arranged above the aeration device, and the loading amount accounts for 1/5-4/5 of the volume of the reaction tank.
10. The method for treating cyanide-containing wastewater by using cyanide tailings according to claim 1, wherein the pH value of the cyanide-containing wastewater in the S4 is 7.5-9.0, the water temperature is 15-35 ℃, and BOD is BOD5/CODcrMore than 0.3, and the concentration of heavy metal ions in the cyanide-containing wastewater is less than or equal to 5 mg/L.
11. The method for treating cyanide-containing wastewater by using cyanide tailings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nutrient in S4 is a mixture of glucose, ammonium carbonate and disodium hydrogen phosphate, and the nutrient is used for maintaining BOD in wastewater5The mass ratio of N to P is 100:5: 1.
12. The method for treating cyanide-containing wastewater by using cyanide tailings according to claim 1, wherein the strain of the cyanide-reducing bacterial solution in S4 is a combined flora of more than 2 of pseudomonas fluorescens, pseudomonas putida, pseudomonas stutzeri, nocardia and bacillus, the strain biofilm culturing mode adopts artificial addition of strain biofilm culturing, the gas-liquid ratio is set to be 1-5: 1, and the dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 2 mg/L.
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2021
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| AT118009B (en) * | 1929-06-24 | 1930-06-10 | Oesterr Alpine Montan | Process for the purification of wastewater containing cyanide. |
| CN101077443A (en) * | 2007-06-18 | 2007-11-28 | 云南高科环境保护工程有限公司 | Safety processing method for hypertoxic cyanogen and/or cyanide |
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