CN114009523A - Processing technology of black tea rich in polyester catechin - Google Patents
Processing technology of black tea rich in polyester catechin Download PDFInfo
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- CN114009523A CN114009523A CN202111375266.0A CN202111375266A CN114009523A CN 114009523 A CN114009523 A CN 114009523A CN 202111375266 A CN202111375266 A CN 202111375266A CN 114009523 A CN114009523 A CN 114009523A
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- black tea
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/06—Treating tea before extraction; Preparations produced thereby
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/06—Treating tea before extraction; Preparations produced thereby
- A23F3/08—Oxidation; Fermentation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/06—Treating tea before extraction; Preparations produced thereby
- A23F3/12—Rolling or shredding tea leaves
Abstract
The invention relates to a processing technology of black tea enriched with polyester catechin, belonging to the technical field of tea processing. The method adopts fresh leaf varieties with high EGCG content and low EC and ECG content as raw materials, and the black tea rich in polyester catechin is processed by 7 steps of withering, quick freezing, heating, rolling, deblocking, fermenting and drying. The method of the invention prepares the black tea enriched with polyester catechin by controlling raw materials, adding the procedures of refrigeration and temperature rise after the black tea is withered and changing the temperature regulation, rolling pressure regulation and drying mode in the tea processing process. The invention is a new black tea processing technology, can be used for high-activity black tea rich in ester catechin, and the content of the polyester catechin of the black tea exceeds 0.50 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tea processing, and particularly relates to a processing technology of black tea enriched in polyester catechin.
Background
Polyester catechin is a new catechin dimer discovered in recent years, and in tea, polyester catechin is mainly polyester catechin A (TSA), and TSA is formed by oxidative polymerization of 2 EGCG molecules. During the fermentation process of black tea, EGCG, EC and ECG are oxidized and polymerized to form theaflavin, and EGCG is oxidized and polymerized to form TSA by self. Therefore, TSA and theaflavin form a competitive substrate relationship during black tea processing. The content of polyester catechin in the black tea is about 0.1-0.4%, the polyester catechin has strong effects of resisting oxidation, resisting tumors, diminishing inflammation, sterilizing, reducing blood sugar and losing weight, and is an important substance influencing the quality of the black tea, at present, most researches on functional components of the tea are concentrated on tea polyphenol, catechin, theaflavin and the like, and the attention on the polyester catechin is relatively less, so that the researches on a processing technology of the black tea are necessary to ensure that the finally prepared black tea product contains high polyester catechin.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned existing research progress, the present invention aims to provide a processing technology of black tea rich in polyester catechin. The invention takes fresh leaf varieties with high EGCG content and low EC and ECG content as raw materials, and the black tea rich in polyester catechin is processed and formed through 7 steps of withering, quick freezing, heating, rolling, deblocking, fermenting and drying. The withered tea is quickly frozen, heated and slightly pressed to roll so as to effectively crush leaf cells, and the rolling and fermentation temperatures are adjusted so as to effectively enrich polyester catechin in the rolling and fermentation processes of the black tea and prepare black tea enriched with polyester catechin, and in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the processing technology of the black tea enriched with polyester catechin specifically comprises the following steps:
1) picking fresh leaves: selecting a variety of fresh tea leaves, wherein the selected variety has the requirements of high EGCG content, low EC and ECG content and EGCG content higher than 4.00%, picking raw materials with single bud, one bud and one leaf and two buds, ensuring the substrate requirement for forming polyester catechin by the variety with high EGCG content, and increasing the probability of generating the polyester catechin by the self reaction of the EGCG due to the low ECG and EC content;
2) withering: indoor natural withering is adopted, and the withering temperature is set to be 20-30 ℃;
3) quick-freezing: immediately carrying out quick-freezing treatment on the withered leaves after the withering is finished, setting the temperature to be-20 to-60 ℃, and the time to be 20-50 min, wherein in the step, the withered leaves are quickly frozen, so that free water in the withered leaf cells is frozen, and cell membranes are damaged;
4) and (3) heating: after the quick freezing, quickly heating the quick-frozen leaves, setting the environmental temperature to be 35-50 ℃, and the time to be 30-60 min, wherein the temperature is increased to ensure that frozen water in leaf cells is melted and polyphenol oxidase and catechin are fully contacted for reaction, and the leaf quality is returned to be soft and elastic for subsequent rolling;
5) rolling: rolling by adopting a rolling machine, setting the rolling temperature to be 35-40 ℃, the rolling time to be 80-120 min, and setting the pressurizing mode to be a non-pressurizing-light-pressurizing-non-pressurizing mode, wherein the non-pressurizing time is 5-15 min, the light-pressurizing time is 10-30 min, and the non-pressurizing time is 30-90 min finally;
6) deblocking: deblocking the rolled leaves by a deblocking machine;
7) fermentation: after deblocking, placing the tea leaves in a fermentation chamber or a fermentation machine for fermentation in a light fermentation mode, wherein the fermentation temperature is 20-26 ℃, the fermentation time is 2-4 h, and the low-temperature and short-time fermentation mainly aims at slowing down the continuous oxidation process of the polyester catechin so that the polyester catechin can be further accumulated;
8) and (3) drying: the method comprises the steps of adopting a two-step drying method, firstly carrying out microwave drying and then carrying out hot air drying, wherein the microwave drying power is 10-15 KW, the time is 5-20 min, the hot air drying temperature is 50-80 ℃, the time is 60-90 min, polyester catechin can be rapidly generated under the high-temperature condition, the microwave drying can rapidly form a high-temperature environment by using the moisture of leaf cells, the temperature is uniform, the generation of the polyester catechin is facilitated, and then carrying out low-temperature drying to form the black tea enriched with the polyester catechin.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method takes fresh tea leaves with high EGCG content and low ECG and EC content as raw materials to provide substrates for forming polyester catechin, the process also adjusts the temperature before and after rolling and fermentation, and the rolling and light pressing treatment are matched to achieve the purpose of effectively breaking leaf cells, the high-temperature rolling enables the content of the polyester catechin to be rapidly increased in the black tea processing process, the formation of the polyester catechin is reduced through light fermentation, the continuous oxidation of the polyester catechin is reduced, the polyester catechin can be enriched in the fermentation process, and the polyester catechin is rapidly generated from the polyester catechin precursor substances through a microwave drying mode, so that the black tea enriched with the ester catechin is processed, wherein the content of the polyester catechin in the black tea is higher than 0.50% and is 30-150% higher than that in the market.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sample of polyester catechin-enriched black tea of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a black tea sample enriched with polyester catechins of example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1:
1) picking fresh leaves: selecting Zhenong 117 (EGCG content 4.79%, EC content 0.62%, ECG content 1.19%) or Zhenong 113 (EGCG content 4.91%, EC content 1.03%, ECG content 1.28%) tea tree species, picking tea tree with one bud and one second leaf material;
2) withering: indoor natural withering is adopted, and the withering temperature is set to be 24-27 ℃;
3) quick-freezing: immediately carrying out quick-freezing treatment on the withered leaves after the withering is finished, wherein the set temperature is-20 to-50 ℃, and the time is 30 to 50 min;
4) and (3) heating: after the quick freezing, quickly heating the quick-frozen leaves, setting the ambient temperature to be 42-50 ℃ and the time to be 40-60 min;
5) rolling: rolling by using a rolling machine, wherein the rolling temperature is set to be 35-40 ℃, the rolling time is 80-90 min, and the pressurizing mode is a non-pressurizing-light-pressurizing-non-pressurizing mode, wherein the non-pressurizing time is 10-15 min, the light-pressurizing time is 20-30 min, and the non-pressurizing time is 60-80 min;
6) deblocking: deblocking the rolled leaves by a deblocking machine;
7) fermentation: after deblocking, placing the tea leaves in a fermentation chamber or a fermentation machine for fermentation in a light fermentation mode, wherein the fermentation temperature is 20-24 ℃, and the fermentation time is 3-4 h;
8) and (3) drying: the method comprises the steps of a two-step drying method, namely microwave drying and hot air drying, wherein the microwave drying power is 12-15 KW, the time is 10-15 min, the hot air drying temperature is 60-70 ℃, and the time is 70-80 min.
As shown in FIG. 1, the black tea sample processed in this example had a content of 0.55 to 0.68% polyester catechin.
Example 2:
1) picking fresh leaves: selecting tea varieties of political and white (EGCG content is 4.50%, EC content is 0.69%, ECG content is 1.32%) or broussonetia papyrifera (EGCG content is 2.28%, EC content is 0.47%, ECG content is 1.19%), and picking tea varieties with tenderness of one bud and one leaf;
2) withering: indoor natural withering is adopted, and the withering temperature is set to be 24-27 ℃;
3) quick-freezing: immediately carrying out quick-freezing treatment on the withered leaves after the withering is finished, wherein the set temperature is-40 to-60 ℃, and the time is 20 to 40 min;
4) and (3) heating: after the quick freezing, quickly heating the quick-frozen leaves, setting the environmental temperature to be 35-42 ℃ and the time to be 40-60 min;
5) rolling: rolling by using a rolling machine, setting the rolling temperature to be 35-40 ℃, the rolling time to be 80-100 min, and setting the pressurizing mode to be a non-pressurizing-light-pressurizing-non-pressurizing mode, wherein the non-pressurizing time is 10-15 min, the light-pressurizing time is 20-30 min, and the non-pressurizing time is 60-80 min finally;
6) deblocking: deblocking the rolled leaves by a deblocking machine;
7) fermentation: after deblocking, placing the tea leaves in a fermentation chamber or a fermentation machine for fermentation in a light fermentation mode, wherein the fermentation temperature is 22-26 ℃, and the fermentation time is 2-3 h;
8) and (3) drying: the method comprises the steps of a two-step drying method, namely microwave drying and hot air drying, wherein the microwave drying power is 12-15 KW, the time is 10-15 min, the hot air drying temperature is 60-70 ℃, and the time is 70-80 min.
As shown in FIG. 2, the black tea sample processed in this example had a content of 0.50 to 0.65% polyester catechin.
Comparative example 1:
1) picking fresh leaves: selecting Zhenong 117 (EGCG content 4.79%, EC content 0.62%, ECG content 1.19%) or Zhenong 113 (EGCG content 4.91%, EC content 1.03%, ECG content 1.28%) tea tree species, picking tea tree with one bud and one second leaf material;
2) withering: indoor natural withering is adopted, and the withering temperature is set to be 24-27 ℃;
3) rolling: rolling by using a rolling machine, wherein the rolling temperature is set to be 35-40 ℃, the rolling time is 80-90 min, and the pressurizing mode is a non-pressurizing-light-pressurizing-non-pressurizing mode, wherein the non-pressurizing time is 10-15 min, the light-pressurizing time is 20-30 min, and the non-pressurizing time is 60-80 min;
4) deblocking: deblocking the rolled leaves by a deblocking machine;
5) fermentation: after deblocking, placing the tea leaves in a fermentation chamber or a fermentation machine for fermentation in a light fermentation mode, wherein the fermentation temperature is 20-24 ℃, and the fermentation time is 3-4 h;
6) and (3) drying: the method comprises the steps of a two-step drying method, namely microwave drying and hot air drying, wherein the microwave drying power is 12-15 KW, the time is 10-15 min, the hot air drying temperature is 60-70 ℃, and the time is 70-80 min.
The content of the polyester catechin in the black tea processed in the embodiment is 0.30-0.45%.
Comparative example 2:
1) picking fresh leaves: picking one-bud one-leaf raw materials with tender degrees of group species (the EGCG content is 3.71%, the EC content is 1.12%, and the ECG content is 1.16%);
2) withering: indoor natural withering is adopted, the withering temperature is set to be 24-27 ℃, and the withering degree is 62-65% of the moisture content of the withered leaves;
3) rolling: rolling by using a rolling machine for 50-70 min, wherein the pressurizing mode is a light-heavy-light mode, the light pressing time is 5-10 min, the light pressing time is 30-50 min, and the light pressing time is 5-10 min;
4) deblocking: deblocking the rolled leaves by a deblocking machine;
5) fermentation: after deblocking, placing the tea leaves in a fermentation chamber or a fermentation machine for fermentation, wherein the fermentation temperature is 26-35 ℃, and the fermentation time is 4-6 h;
6) and (3) drying: the primary drying temperature is 110-130 ℃, and the time is 10-20 min; the redrying temperature is 70-90 ℃, and the time is 40-60 min.
The black tea processed in the embodiment has a polyester catechin content of 0.25-0.35%.
Claims (7)
1. The processing technology of the black tea enriched in polyester catechin is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) picking fresh leaves: picking single buds, one bud and one leaf and two buds and two leaves;
2) withering: indoor natural withering is adopted, and the withering temperature is set to be 20-30 ℃;
3) quick-freezing: immediately carrying out quick-freezing treatment on the withered leaves after the withering is finished;
4) and (3) heating: after the quick freezing is finished, quickly heating the quick-frozen leaves;
5) rolling: rolling by using a rolling machine for 80-120 min;
6) deblocking: deblocking the rolled leaves by a deblocking machine;
7) fermentation: after deblocking, placing the tea leaves in a fermentation chamber or a fermentation machine for fermentation;
8) and (3) drying: adopts a two-step drying method, namely microwave drying and hot air drying.
2. The processing technology of black tea enriched in polyester catechin according to claim 1, wherein the variety of the fresh tea leaves in step 1) requires that the content of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is higher than 4.00%, and the content of Epicatechin (EC) and epicatechin gallate (ECG) is low.
3. The processing technology of black tea rich in polyester catechin according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the freezing technology in the step 3) is set to be-20 to-60 ℃ and the time is 20 to 50 min.
4. The processing technology of black tea rich in polyester catechin according to claim 1, wherein the temperature rise in the step 4) is set to 35-50 ℃ for 30-60 min.
5. The processing technology of black tea rich in polyester catechin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rolling in step 5) is performed at a high temperature, the rolling temperature is 35-40 ℃, the rolling time is 80-120 min, and the pressurizing mode is a non-pressurizing, light-pressurizing and non-pressurizing mode, wherein the non-pressurizing time is 5-15 min, the light-pressurizing time is 10-30 min, and the non-pressurizing time is 30-90 min.
6. The processing technology of black tea rich in polyester catechin as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fermentation in step 7) is performed in a light fermentation mode, the fermentation temperature is 20-26 ℃, and the fermentation time is 2-4 h.
7. The processing technology of black tea rich in polyester catechin according to claim 1, wherein the microwave drying power in step 8) is 10KW to 15KW for 5 to 20min, and the hot air drying temperature is 50 ℃ to 80 ℃ for 60 to 90 min.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114617173A (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2022-06-14 | 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Processing method for improving polyester catechin A in black tea |
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