CN114007714A

CN114007714A - Compact containerization system and method for jet evaporation of water

Info

Publication number: CN114007714A
Application number: CN202080044440.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 斯蒂芬·M·夏纳; 查克·哈内布特
Original assignee: Ews LLC
Current assignee: Ews LLC
Priority date: 2019-04-26
Filing date: 2020-03-17
Publication date: 2022-02-01
Anticipated expiration: 2040-03-17
Also published as: GB202115709D0; DE112020002113T5; GB2597168A; AU2020264111A1; BR112021020531A2; CN114007714B; WO2020219188A1; GB2597168B; CA3136248A1

Abstract

A wastewater evaporation system for evaporating a water spray, comprising: a wastewater feed inlet; a pump, wherein an outlet of the wastewater inlet is fluidly connected to the pump, and wherein the pump is fluidly connected to a manifold; a weep hole, wherein the manifold is fluidly connected to the weep hole; a container, wherein an upper portion of the container is capped with a defogging element; a packing and/or tray system disposed within the vessel, wherein the weep holes discharge water droplets onto the packing and/or tray system; a drain outlet, wherein a bottom of the container is fluidly connected to the drain outlet; and an air system, wherein the air system discharges an air flow in opposition to water droplets from the drip holes. A method of water-jet vaporization that limits emissions of regulated particles as contaminants is also disclosed.

Description

Compact containerization system and method for jet evaporation of water

Prior related application

This application is PCT international patent application No. 16/395,376 of U.S. patent application serial No. 16/395,376 filed on 26.4.9.2016, continuation-in-part of U.S. non-provisional patent application serial No. 15/177,519 filed on 9.6.2016, which claims the benefit of 62/173,509 of U.S. provisional patent application entitled "containerization system and method for jet evaporation of water" filed on 10.6.2015.

Technical Field

The present invention relates generally to spray evaporation of water and, more particularly, to containerization (containerized) systems and methods for spray evaporation of water by controlling pump pressure and/or controlling the size of water droplets sprayed into a closed container by optimizing the volumetric flow rates of air and water and the size of water droplets sprayed into the container.

Background

Current methods of evaporating undesirable water (e.g., landfill leachate, produced water, mining wastewater, and wastewater) typically involve large surface area ponds, floating or land-based atomizing sprayers (which spray back into the pond), or multi-stage flash evaporation (MSF). These methods have a number of problems. Large surface area solar evaporation or jet ponds remove water more slowly, require a large capital investment, and present a leakage risk. Floating or land-based atomizing sprayers increase the efficiency of the pond, but allow water droplets and misted dissolved solids (e.g., salt) to be carried away by the wind and contaminate other areas. MSF is a complex, energy intensive process, with the resulting high capital and operating costs, and air emissions are problematic. An alternative method of not evaporating water at or near the production site is via vacuum truck removal. Vacuum trucks remove water from tanks or ponds, but need to be transported in order to dispose of or treat the undesired water elsewhere. This can be very expensive.

Accordingly, there is a need for a compact containerization system and method for spraying undesirable water for evaporation to accelerate water removal, to contain water droplets during evaporation, and to reduce the transportation and disposal costs of the water.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention relates generally to spray evaporation of water and, more particularly, to a compact containerization system and method for efficient spray evaporation of water by controlling pump pressure and/or controlling the size of water droplets sprayed into a closed container by optimizing the volumetric flow rate of the water and the size of the water droplets sprayed into the container.

The present invention permits the vaporization of large volumes of undesirable water in containerized mobile systems, which eliminates the need for large vaporization ponds or vacuum truck disposal. More specifically, the present invention maximizes the evaporation rate of the undesired water by reducing the size of the water droplets sprayed into the enclosed container and by optimizing the size and volume of the water droplets sprayed into the container. The evaporated water leaves the vessel as water vapour through the mist trap system, leaving behind droplets of non-evaporated water and dissolved minerals to be collected in a sump (sump) (bottom) of the vessel. The condensed water is recirculated through the system and once sufficiently concentrated, the concentrated water is diverted to an external waste disposal reservoir.

A system for water-jet evaporation, comprising: a wastewater inlet; a pump, wherein an outlet of the wastewater inlet is fluidly connected to an inlet of the pump, and wherein an outlet of the pump is fluidly connected to an inlet of a manifold; a spray nozzle, wherein an outlet of the manifold is fluidly connected to an inlet of the spray nozzle; a container, wherein the upper and side portions of the container are capped with a demister element, and wherein the outlet of the spray nozzle discharges into the container; and a drain outlet, wherein the bottom of the container is fluidly connected to the drain outlet.

In embodiments, the pump produces a water flow rate of about 50 Gallons Per Minute (GPM) to about 800GPM (and any range or value therebetween). In embodiments, the pump produces a water flow rate of about 15GPM to about 100 GPM.

A system for water-jet evaporation, comprising: a wastewater inlet comprising wastewater; a first valve, wherein an outlet of the wastewater inlet is fluidly connected to an inlet of the first valve; a first pump, wherein an outlet of the first valve is fluidly connected to an inlet of the first pump; a container, wherein the upper and side portions of the container are capped with a demister element, and wherein the demister element retains non-evaporated water inside the container; a spray nozzle, wherein an outlet of the first pump is fluidly connected to a first inlet of a manifold, wherein an outlet of the manifold is fluidly connected to an inlet of the spray nozzle, and wherein an outlet of the spray nozzle discharges into the vessel; a second pump, wherein an outlet of the sump pit is fluidly connected to an inlet of the second pump; a second valve, wherein an outlet of the second pump is fluidly connected to a second inlet of the manifold, and wherein a first outlet of the manifold is fluidly connected to an inlet of the spray nozzle; and a third valve, wherein the second outlet of the manifold is fluidly connected to the inlet of the third valve, and wherein the outlet of the third valve is fluidly connected to a drain outlet.

In an embodiment, the system further comprises a blower, wherein the air flow from the blower disperses the water droplets from the spray nozzle. In an embodiment, the blower is arranged through the wall of the container such that the air flow from the blower is counter-directed to the water droplets from the spray nozzles. In an embodiment, the blower is arranged through the wall of the container such that the air flow from the blower intersects the water droplets from the spray nozzles. In an embodiment, the blower generates an air flow rate of about 60,000 cubic feet per minute (CFM) to about 150,000CFM (and any range or value therebetween).

In an embodiment, the system further comprises an air heater, wherein an air flow outlet of the air heater is fluidly connected to an air flow inlet of the blower.

In an embodiment, the injection system comprises: an injection manifold, wherein an outlet of the pump is fluidly connected to an inlet of the injection manifold; and a spray nozzle, wherein an inlet of the spray nozzle is connected to an outlet of the spray manifold, and wherein an outlet of the spray nozzle discharges into a vessel. In an embodiment, the spray nozzle is selected from the group consisting of: flat orifice nozzles, profiled orifice nozzles, surface impingement spray nozzles, spiral spray nozzles, and pressure swirl spray nozzles. In embodiments, the spray nozzles produce water droplets having a size of about 50 μm to about 1,000 μm (and any range or value therebetween).

In an embodiment, the system further comprises a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) or other computing device, wherein the PLC or other computing device controls the air flow from the blower and the water droplet size from the spray nozzle.

In an embodiment, the system further comprises an acid conditioning system, wherein the acid conditioning system adds an acid solution to the wastewater.

In an embodiment, the system further comprises a biocide conditioning system, wherein the biocide conditioning system adds a biocide to the wastewater.

In an embodiment, the system further comprises a scale inhibition regulation system, wherein the scale inhibition regulation system adds a scale inhibitor to the wastewater.

In an embodiment, the system further comprises a defoamer system, wherein the defoamer system adds a defoamer to the wastewater.

In an embodiment, the first pump produces a water flow rate of about 50 Gallons Per Minute (GPM) to about 100GPM (and any range or value therebetween).

In an embodiment, the second pump produces a water flow rate of about 500GPM to about 800GPM (and any range or value therebetween).

In an embodiment, the demister element retains non-evaporated water inside the container.

A wastewater evaporation system for evaporating a water spray comprising: a wastewater inlet; a pump, wherein an outlet of the wastewater inlet is fluidly connected to an inlet of the pump, and wherein an outlet of the pump is fluidly connected to an inlet of a manifold; a spray nozzle, wherein an outlet of the manifold is fluidly connected to an inlet of the spray nozzle; a horizontal vessel, wherein an upper portion of the vessel is capped with a demister element, and wherein an outlet of the spray nozzle discharges water droplets into the vessel; a drain outlet, wherein a bottom of the container is fluidly connected to the drain outlet; an air system comprising a blower and optionally an air heater, wherein the air system is arranged through a wall of the container, and wherein the air system discharges an air flow in opposition to the water droplets from the spray nozzle; and a deflector or diffuser, wherein the deflector or diffuser is disposed within the vessel to redirect air flow from a central region of the vessel to a wall of the vessel.

In an embodiment, the system further comprises a tapered insert, wherein the tapered insert is disposed within the vessel to redirect air flow from a wall of the vessel to a central region of the vessel.

In an embodiment, the system further comprises a vane, wherein the vane is arranged within the vessel to redirect the air flow in the vessel. In an embodiment, the blade extends across a cross-section of the vessel.

A wastewater evaporation system for evaporating a water spray comprising: a wastewater feed inlet; a pump, wherein an outlet of the wastewater inlet is fluidly connected to an inlet of the pump, and wherein an outlet of the pump is fluidly connected to an inlet of a manifold (manifold); a drip port (grip orifice), wherein the outlet of the manifold is fluidly connected to the inlet of the drip port; a container, wherein an upper portion of the container is capped with a defogging element; a packing system and/or a tray system disposed within the vessel, wherein an outlet of the weep hole discharges water droplets onto the packing system and/or tray system; a drain outlet, wherein a bottom of the container is fluidly connected to the drain outlet; and an air system comprising a blower and optionally an air preheater, wherein the air system is arranged through a wall of the container, and wherein the air system discharges an air flow in opposition to water droplets from the weep hole.

In embodiments, the system is capable of evaporating about 30 to about 1000 barrels of wastewater per day. In embodiments, the system is capable of evaporating about 30 to about 60 barrels of wastewater per day.

In embodiments, the pump produces a flow of water into the system of about 15GPM to about 100 GPM.

In an embodiment, the demister element is about 4 inches to about 12 inches thick. In an embodiment, the demister element is about 10 inches thick.

In embodiments, the packing system (packing system) and/or tray system (tray system) comprises random packing, structured packing, or a combination thereof. In an embodiment, the packing system and/or tray system comprises containerized packing. In an embodiment, the packing system and/or tray system comprises pall rings.

In embodiments, the filler is made of a different material (e.g., ceramic, plastic, stainless steel, etc.) to improve performance at high temperatures.

In an embodiment, the packing system and/or tray system comprises perforated trays.

In an embodiment, the packing system comprises: a porous column plate; and a packing, wherein the packing is disposed on the perforated tray. In embodiments, the packing is selected from random packing, structured packing, and combinations thereof. In embodiments, the filler is a random filler. In an embodiment, the packing is structured packing. In an embodiment, the packing is containerized packing. In an embodiment, the packing is a pall ring.

In an embodiment, the tray system comprises: a first perforated tray; and a second perforated tray, wherein the first perforated tray discharges water droplets onto the second perforated tray.

In an embodiment, the air preheater comprises a natural gas burner. In an embodiment, the air preheater comprises a natural gas burner, wherein the natural gas burner is adapted to move relative to the weep hole.

In an embodiment, the air preheater comprises a natural gas burner and a natural gas powered generator.

In an embodiment, the air preheater includes a natural gas burner and a natural gas control valve, wherein the natural gas control valve is capable of providing a fixed flow rate or a modulated flow rate.

In an embodiment, the air flow from the blower disperses the waste water droplets and/or water droplets from the drip holes.

In an embodiment, the blower generates an air flow of about 2,500CFM to about 6,500 CFM.

In an embodiment, the air flow inlet of the air preheater is fluidly connected to the air flow outlet of the blower.

In embodiments, the air preheater produces an air heating rate of about 0BTU per hour to about 210 ten thousand BTU per hour.

In embodiments, the air preheater produces air at a temperature of about 50 ° F to about 400 ° F.

In an embodiment, the air system is arranged through a wall of the container upstream of the demister element.

In an embodiment, the air system is arranged downstream of the demister element through a wall of the container.

In an embodiment, the system further comprises a deflector or diffuser, wherein the deflector or diffuser is arranged within the vessel to redirect the air flow in the vessel.

In an embodiment, the system further comprises a vane, wherein the vane is arranged in the air duct between the air discharge outlet of the air system and the air inlet to the container.

In an embodiment, the system further comprises a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) or other computing device, wherein the PLC or other computing device controls the air flow from the blower.

In an embodiment, the system further comprises a skid (ski), wherein the wastewater evaporation system is mounted on the skid.

In an embodiment, the system further comprises a skid mounted on or removably secured to the trailer or truck, wherein the wastewater evaporation system is mounted on the skid.

In an embodiment, the system further comprises an enclosure system (containment system), wherein the enclosure system comprises a skid surrounded by a liner, and wherein the wastewater evaporation system is mounted on the skid. In an embodiment, the system further comprises a draw line, wherein an inlet of the draw line is disposed in the liner and an outlet of the draw line is fluidly connected to the inlet of the vessel. In an embodiment, the system further comprises a draw line, wherein an inlet of the draw line is arranged in the liner and an outlet of the draw line is fluidly connected to an inlet of the pump.

In an embodiment, the system further comprises insulation and/or heat tracing arranged around the pump. In an embodiment, the system further comprises insulation and/or heat tracing surrounding the pump, the first valve, the second valve, the third valve, and the fourth valve.

In an embodiment, the system further comprises a heated enclosure (enclosure) arranged around the pump.

In an embodiment, the system further comprises a nitrogen purge system comprising an air, argon, or nitrogen source, wherein an outlet of the air, argon, or nitrogen system is fluidly connected to an inlet of the pump.

A method for water-jet evaporation comprising: selecting predetermined parameters for the system for water injection vaporization; pumping wastewater from an external water source into the system using a pump; diverting the wastewater to a spray nozzle; spraying the wastewater through the spray nozzle to produce water droplets; dispersing water droplets into a container of the system; collecting the condensed water in the container sump; recycling the condensed water from the vessel sump; and diverting the concentrated waste to a waste outlet.

In an embodiment, the method further comprises monitoring the conductivity of the condensed water using a conductivity meter.

In an embodiment, the predetermined parameters include an air flow rate, an air heating rate, a maximum conductivity, and a water flow rate, and wherein when the conductivity of the condensed water reaches the maximum conductivity, the concentrated water is discharged to the waste outlet.

In an embodiment, the air flow rate is about 60,000CFM to about 150,000CFM (and any range or value therebetween).

In an embodiment, the pump produces a water flow rate of about 50GPM to about 800GPM (and any range or value therebetween). In embodiments, the pump produces a water flow rate of about 15GPM to about 100 GPM.

In embodiments, the water droplet size is from 50 μm to about 1,000 μm (and any range or value therebetween).

In an embodiment, the method further comprises monitoring the ambient air temperature using a temperature sensor, wherein the predetermined parameters further comprise a minimum air temperature. In an embodiment, the system is turned off when the ambient air temperature reaches the minimum air temperature.

In an embodiment, the method further comprises monitoring the pH of the condensed water using a pH meter and, if desired, adding an acid solution to the condensed water to maintain the pH at about 6.5 or below based on the wastewater quality.

In an embodiment, the method further comprises adding a biocide to the condensed water.

In an embodiment, the method further comprises adding a scale inhibitor to the condensed water. In an embodiment, the method further comprises monitoring the pH of the condensed water using a pH meter and, if desired, adding an acid solution to the condensed water to maintain the pH at about 6.5 or below based on the wastewater quality.

In an embodiment, the method further comprises adding a defoamer to the condensed water.

In an embodiment, the method further comprises controlling the system using a programmable logic controller or other computing device.

A method for water-jet evaporation, comprising: providing a wastewater evaporation system as discussed herein; selecting predetermined parameters for the system; pumping wastewater from an external water source into the system using a pump; diverting the wastewater to a drip hole; passing the wastewater through the drip holes to produce water droplets; allowing the water droplets to drip onto a packing system and/or a tray system arranged within the container of the system; blowing air into the container using a blower in opposition to the water droplets from the drip holes; collecting condensed water at the bottom of the container; recycling the condensed water at the bottom of the vessel; and diverting the concentrated waste to a drain outlet.

In an embodiment, the predetermined parameters include an air flow rate, an air heating rate, a maximum conductivity, and a water flow rate, and wherein the concentrate is discharged to the drain outlet when the conductivity of the condensate reaches the maximum conductivity.

In an embodiment, the method further comprises monitoring the pH of the condensed water using a pH meter, and adding an acid solution to the condensed water to maintain the pH at about 6.5 or below.

In an embodiment, the method further comprises adding a scale inhibitor to the condensed water. In an embodiment, the method further comprises monitoring the pH of the condensed water using a pH meter, and adding an acid solution to the condensed water to maintain the pH at about 6.5 or below.

In an embodiment, the method further comprises pretreating the wastewater upstream of the wastewater inlet of the system to reduce or remove volatile organic compounds.

In an embodiment, the method further comprises discharging the evaporated water through the evaporated water outlet. In an embodiment, the method further comprises collecting the evaporated water from the evaporated water outlet and condensing the evaporated water in a low pressure tube.

In an embodiment, the method further comprises discharging the evaporated water through the evaporated water outlet. In an embodiment, the method further comprises heating the evaporated water upstream of the evaporated water outlet.

In an embodiment, the method further comprises discharging the evaporated water through the evaporated water outlet. In an embodiment, the method further comprises heating the evaporated water downstream of the evaporated water outlet.

These and other objects, features and advantages will become apparent by reference to the following detailed description, preferred embodiments and examples, which are given for purposes of disclosure and are considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and appended claims.

Drawings

For a further understanding of the nature and objects of the present invention, reference should be made to the following detailed disclosure, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like parts bear like reference numerals, and wherein:

FIG. 1A illustrates a schematic diagram of an exemplary system for jet evaporation of water according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 1B illustrates a schematic diagram of a front view of the exemplary system of FIG. 1A;

FIG. 1C illustrates a schematic diagram of a rear view of the exemplary system of FIG. 1A;

FIG. 2A illustrates a diagram of a front view of an exemplary system for spray evaporation of water, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2B illustrates a diagram of a front left perspective view of the exemplary system of FIG. 2A;

FIG. 2C illustrates a diagram of a right front perspective view of the exemplary system of FIG. 2A;

FIG. 2D illustrates a diagram of a front left perspective view of an exemplary system for spray evaporation of water according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2E illustrates a diagram of a left side view of an exemplary system for spray evaporation of water according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2F illustrates a diagram of a rear view of an exemplary system for spray evaporation of water, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 illustrates a left front perspective view of an exemplary system for spray evaporation of water, showing an internal spray system, according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4A illustrates a schematic diagram of an exemplary system for jet evaporation of water according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4B illustrates a schematic diagram of a front portion of the exemplary system of FIG. 4A;

FIG. 4C illustrates a schematic diagram of a rear portion of the exemplary system of FIG. 4A;

FIG. 5A illustrates a left front perspective view of an exemplary system for spray evaporation of water showing inlet, recirculation and drain lines in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5B illustrates a diagram of a front left perspective view of an exemplary system for spray evaporation of water, showing a hydraulic blower having a hydraulic drive system and a reservoir, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5C illustrates a left front perspective view of an exemplary system for spray evaporation of water showing an air channel plenum for forcing blower inlet air through a heater in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5D illustrates a top left perspective view of an exemplary system for spray evaporation of water showing an optional walkway and ladder for accessing a defogging system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram of a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) or computing device of an exemplary system for spray evaporation of water, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7A illustrates a method of using an exemplary system for spray evaporation of water according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7B illustrates additional optional steps of the method of FIG. 7A;

FIG. 8A illustrates a method of using an exemplary system for spray evaporation of water according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8B illustrates additional optional steps of the method of FIG. 8A;

FIG. 9 illustrates a flow chart of a PLC or computing device of an exemplary system for jet evaporation of water according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10A illustrates a schematic diagram of an exemplary system for jet evaporation of water, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10B illustrates a schematic diagram of a front view of the exemplary system of FIG. 10A;

FIG. 10C illustrates a schematic diagram of a downstream rear view of the exemplary system of FIGS. 10A-10B;

FIG. 11A illustrates a diagram of an upper view of an exemplary system for spray evaporation of water according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11B illustrates a diagram of a left side view of the exemplary system of FIG. 11A;

FIG. 11C illustrates a diagram of a front view of the exemplary system of FIGS. 11A-11B;

FIG. 11D illustrates a diagram of a rear view of the exemplary system of FIGS. 11A-11C;

FIG. 11E illustrates a diagram of an upper right rear perspective view of the exemplary system of FIGS. 11A-11D;

FIG. 11F illustrates a diagram of an upper left rear perspective view of the exemplary system of FIGS. 11A-11E;

FIG. 12A illustrates a method of using an exemplary system for spray evaporation of water according to an embodiment of the present invention; and

fig. 12B illustrates additional optional steps of the method of fig. 12A.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of various embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate specific embodiments that can be used to practice the invention. While exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it should be understood that various other modifications will be apparent to and can be readily made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the appended claims is not intended to be limited to the examples and descriptions set forth herein but rather the claims are to be construed as encompassing all the features of patentable novelty which reside in the present invention, including all features which would be treated as equivalents thereof by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.

System for jet evaporation of water

Fig. 1A to 3 show schematic diagrams of exemplary

alternative systems

100, 200, 300 for jet evaporation of water according to embodiments of the present invention. The

system

100, 200, 300 includes a wastewater inlet 104, 204, a first (feed)

pump

118, 218, a first manifold 128, 228, a

spray system

136, 236, 336, a

container

139, 239, 339, a

demister element

145, 245, 345, a blower 142, 242, and a drain outlet 176, 276.

In an embodiment, the

system

100, 200, 300 is capable of evaporating about 2,000 to about 10,000 gallons of wastewater per day (see fig. 1A-3). If higher throughput is desired,

multiple systems

100, 200, 300 may be used in parallel to treat wastewater.

Inlet system

In an embodiment, the

system

100, 200 may further include a first (feed) shut-off

valve

106, 206 and/or a first (feed)

valve

112, 212. The waste water inlet 104 may be connected to an inlet of a first shut-off valve 106 via a line 108. The outlet of the first shut-off valve 106 may be connected to the inlet of a pump 118 via a line 116.

The waste water inlet 104 may be any suitable waste water inlet capable of handling up to about 40 psi. Suitable waste inlets include, but are not limited to, flange connectors, cam lock fittings, and hammer-type fittings. In an embodiment, the waste water inlet 104 is a flanged connection (see fig. 1A-3). The waste water inlet 104 permits connection to an external waste water source via the waste water suction header 102. The water inlet 104 may be connected to an external source of wastewater via a hose, pipe, or other means commonly used in the art.

In an embodiment, the

system

100, 200 may further include a first (feed)

valve

112, 212. The first (feed) valve 112 may be any suitable switching valve. Suitable first (feed) valves 112 include, but are not limited to, ball valves. For example, suitable first (feed) valves 112 are available from GF Piping Systems (GF ping Systems), inc. In an embodiment, the first (feed) valve 112 may be a GF pipe system 546 type electrically actuated ball valve from GF pipe system company. In embodiments, the first (feed) valve 112 may be automatic or manual. In embodiments, the first (feed) valve 112 may be electrically or pneumatically actuated. In an embodiment, the first (feed) valve 112 may be normally closed.

In an embodiment, the system 100 may further include a first limit switch 113 and a second limit switch 114. In an embodiment, the first limit switch 113 confirms that the first (feed) valve 112 is open; while the second limit switch 114 confirms that the first (feed) valve 112 is closed.

In an embodiment, the first (feed) valve 112 may have a 2 inch connection.

In an embodiment, the

system

100, 200, 300 may further comprise a first (feed) shut-off

valve

106, 206, 306. The first (feed) shut-off valve 106 may be any suitable shut-off valve. Suitable first (feed) shutoff valves 106 include, but are not limited to, ball valves and butterfly valves. For example, a suitable first (feed) shut-off valve 106 is available from GF pipe systems, inc. In an embodiment, the first (feed) stop valve 106 may be a GF pipe system 546 type ball valve from GF pipe system company. In an embodiment, the first (feed) shut-off valve 106 may be automatic or manual. In an embodiment, the first (feed) shut-off valve 106 may be normally closed.

In an embodiment, first (feed) shut-off valve 106 may have a 2 inch connection.

First (feed) shut-off valve 106 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant material. First (feed) shut-off valve 106 may be made of any suitable corrosion-resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: carbon steel, stainless steel coated with plastics,

Alloy, Al,

Alloys, and combinations thereof; and suitable plastics include, but are not limited to: polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymers, chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) polymers, Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics (FRP),

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymers, polyethylene polymers, polypropylene polymers,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymers, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the first (feed) shut-off valve 106 (wetted part) may be made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) rubber.

The outlet of the first (feed) shut-off valve 106 may be connected to the inlet of a first (feed) valve 112 via a line 108. The outlet of the first (feed) valve 112 may be connected to the inlet of a first (feed) pump 118 via a line 116.

The

lines

108, 116 may be constructed of any suitable corrosion protection line. The

conduits

108, 116 may be any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: carbon steel coated with plastics, stainless steel, super duplex stainless steel, Al-6XN alloy, Ni-Al-Brz alloy,

Alloy, Al,

Alloys, and combinations thereof; and suitable plastics include, but are not limited to: chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) polymers, glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP),

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymers, polyethylene polymers, polypropylene polymers, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymers, poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), poly (vinyl chloride) (PVDF), poly (propylene) (PVDF), poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC), poly (vinylidene chloride) (PVDF), poly (vinylidene chloride) (PVDF), Poly (PVC), poly (vinylidene chloride) (PVDF), poly (vinylidene chloride) (PVC), poly (vinylidene chloride) (PVDF), poly (vinylidene chloride) (PVC), poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), poly (vinylidene chloride) (PVDF), poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), poly (vinylidene chloride) (PVDF), poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), poly (vinylidene chloride) (,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymers, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the

tubes

108, 116 may be made of carbon steel coated with plastic. In an embodiment, the

tubing

108, 116 may be made of carbon steel coated with plate 7159 HAR. In an embodiment, the

tubing

108, 116 may be made of 316 stainless steel.

In an embodiment, the

tubing

108, 116 may be 2 inch tubing.

The first (feed) pump 118 may be any suitable pump. Suitable first (feed) pumps 118 include, but are not limited to, centrifugal pumps. For example, a suitable first (feed) pump 118 is available from MP pump company (MP Pumps Inc.). In an embodiment, the first (feed) pump 118 may be from MP pumps, Inc

Self-priming centrifugal pump.In an embodiment, the first (feed) pump 118 may be about a 3 to about a 5HP centrifugal pump.

In an embodiment, the first (feed) pump 118 may have a 2 inch connection.

The first (feed) pump 118 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant material. The first (feed) pump 118 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: cast iron, stainless steel, super duplex stainless steel, Al-6XN alloy, Ni-Al-Brz alloy,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymers, and combinations thereof. For example, the first (feed) pump 118 (wetted parts) may be made of stainless steel, super duplex stainless steel, AL-6XN alloy, Ni-Al-Brz alloy, or combinations thereof,

Alloy, Al,

Alloy, or FRD. In an embodiment, the first (feed) pump 118 (including the internal wetted parts) is made of 316 stainless steel. In an embodiment, if a shorter useful life is acceptable, thenThe first (feed) pump 118 may be made of cast iron.

In embodiments, the

system

100, 200, 300 may further include a

basket strainer

124, 224 and an optional pressure sensor (not shown). An inlet of basket strainer 124 may be fluidly connected to an outlet of conduit 120, and an outlet of basket strainer 124 may be fluidly connected to an inlet of conduit 126. Basket strainer 124 retains debris in the feedwater to prevent clogging of the

spray nozzles

138, 338. Obstructions in the basket strainer 124 may be detected via a reduced feed rate at the first flow meter 122.

Basket strainer 124 may be any suitable basket strainer and may comprise a reusable or disposable mesh or synthetic fiber bag. Suitable basket strainers 124 include, but are not limited to, 1/8 inch perforated baskets contained within a single or double housing. For example, suitable basket strainers 124 are available from Hayward or Rosedale Inc. In an embodiment, the basket strainer 124 may be an 1/8 inch perforated basket from Hayward or Rosedale corporation.

The basket strainer 124 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant material. The basket strainer 124 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. Basket strainer 124 can be any suitable metal or plastic basket strainer. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: stainless steel,

Alloy, Al,

Alloys, and combinations thereof; and suitable plastics include, but are not limited to: chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) polymers,

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymers, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymers, and processes for their preparation,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymers, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the basket strainer 124 (basket) may be made of 316 stainless steel.

In an embodiment, an optional pressure sensor (not shown) may be fluidly connected to the conduit 120 or to an inlet of the basket strainer 124. Obstructions in basket strainer 124 may also be detected via a pressure increase at an optional pressure sensor (not shown).

The optional pressure sensor (not shown) may be any suitable pressure sensor. For example, suitable pressure sensors are available from Rosemount, inc. In an embodiment, the pressure sensor may be a Rosemount 2088 absolute and gauge pressure transmitter from Rosemount corporation.

The outlet of the first (feed) pump 118 may be connected to the inlet of a basket strainer 124 via a line 120. An outlet of basket strainer 124 may be connected to a first inlet of a first manifold 128 via line 126.

The

conduits

120, 126, 128 may be constructed of any suitable corrosion resistant conduit. The

tubing

120, 126, 128 may be any suitable metal or plastic tubing. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: carbon steel coated with plastics, stainless steel, super duplex stainless steel, Al-6XN alloy, Ni-Al-Brz alloy,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

tubes

120, 126, 128 may be made of carbon steel coated with plastic. In an embodiment, the

tubing

120, 126, 128 may be made of carbon steel coated with plate 7159 HAR. In an embodiment, the

tubing

120, 126, 128 may be made of 316 stainless steel.

In an embodiment, the

tubing

120, 126, 128 may be 2 inch tubing.

The outlet of the first manifold 128 may be connected to an inlet of the

injection system

134, 334. In an embodiment, the

injection system

134, 334 comprises an

injection manifold

136, 336 and an

injection nozzle

138, 338, wherein the

injection nozzle

138, 338 may be connected to an outlet of the

injection manifold

136, 336. In an embodiment, the

injection system

134, 334 is disposed within a

container

139, 339.

The outlet of the

spray nozzle

138, 338 discharges water droplets into the interior of the

vessel

139, 339. The upper or top side of the

container

139, 339 is capped with a

demister element

145, 345 to retain water droplets inside the

container

139, 339. In an embodiment, the side portions of the

containers

139, 339 are also capped with

demister elements

145, 345 to retain water droplets inside the

containers

139, 339. The

defogging elements

145, 345 are secured to and supported by the

containers

139, 339 in a manner conventional in the art.

At least a portion of the water droplets evaporate to form water vapor. The water vapor passes through the

demister elements

145, 345 and exits the evaporated

water outlets

146, 346. Any water that does not evaporate is retained by the

demister elements

145, 345 and falls into the sump (bottom) of the

containers

139, 339.

In an embodiment, the

injection system

134, 334 comprises an

injection manifold

136, 336 and a plurality of injection nozzles 138 ', 138 ", wherein each injection nozzle of the plurality of injection nozzles 138', 138" may be connected to an outlet of the

injection manifold

136, 336. The outlets of the plurality of spray nozzles 138', 138 "discharge water droplets into the interior of the

vessels

139, 339. The upper or top side of the

container

139, 339 is covered with a demister element 145', 145 "to retain water droplets inside the

container

139, 339. In an embodiment, the side portions of the

containers

139, 339 are also capped with

demister elements

145, 345 to retain water droplets inside the

containers

139, 339. The plurality of demister elements 145', 145 "are secured to and supported by the

containers

139, 339 in a manner common in the art.

At least a portion of the water droplets evaporate to form water vapor. The water vapor passes through the pores (tortuous paths) in the plurality of demister elements 145', 145 "and exits from the evaporated

water outlets

146, 346. Any water that is not evaporated is retained by the plurality of demister elements 145', 145 "and falls into the sump (bottom) of the

container

139, 339.

The evaporated

water outlet

146, 346 comprises a plurality of outlet apertures (not shown) in the plurality of demister elements 145', 145 ".

The spray nozzles 138, 338 may be any suitable spray nozzles.

Suitable spray nozzles

138, 338 include, but are not limited to: flat orifice nozzles, profiled orifice nozzles, surface impingement spray nozzles, spiral spray nozzles, and pressure swirl spray nozzles. For example,

suitable spray nozzles

138, 338 may be available from BETE Fog Nozzle, Inc. In an embodiment, the

spray nozzles

138, 338 may be TF-type spiral spray nozzles from the BETE mist nozzle company. In embodiments, the

spiral spray nozzles

138, 338 may be 30 degrees, 60 degrees, 90 degrees, 120 degrees, 150 degrees, and 170 degrees. In an embodiment, each spray head of the spiral spray nozzle may be capable of spraying about 50 Gallons Per Minute (GPM) to about 70GPM (and any range or value therebetween). In embodiments, the rotary atomizer produces water droplets having a size of about 50 μm to about 1,000 μm. In an embodiment, the

spray nozzles

138, 338 are positioned inside the vessel.

The spray nozzles 138, 338 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant material. The spray nozzles 138, 338 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: brass, cobalt alloy 6, Reaction Bonded Silicon Carbide (RBSC) ceramic, stainless steel,

Alloy, Al,

Alloys, and combinations thereof; while suitable plastics include, but are not limited to, polypropylene, Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the spray nozzles 138, 338 (spray heads) may be made of PVC. In an embodiment, the spray nozzles 138, 338 (wetted parts) may be made of PVC. In an embodiment, the spray nozzles 138, 338 (wetted parts) may be made of cobalt alloy 6 and/or RBSC ceramic.

The

containers

139, 339 may be any suitable container. The

containers

139, 339 may be mobile or stationary.

Suitable containers

139, 339 include, but are not limited to: intermodal containers and fracturing fluid tanks (frac tanks) (see fig. 2A-2F). For example, suitable fracturing

fluid tank vessels

139, 339 are available from PCI Manufacturing, inc (PCI Manufacturing, LLC). In an embodiment, the

vessels

139, 339 may be V-bottom fracturing fluid tanks of 500BBL from PCI manufacturing, inc. For example, suitable

intermodal containers

139, 339 are available from West Gulf Container Company. In an embodiment, the

containers

139, 339 may be bay containers 40 feet tall from west bay container, inc.

Alternatively, the

containers

139, 339 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant material. The

containers

139, 339 may be made of coated metal, corrosion-resistant metal, or plastic. Suitable coated metals include, but are not limited to: epoxy coated carbon steel, plastic coated carbon steel, and combinations thereof; suitable corrosion-resistant metals include, but are not limited to: stainless steel,

Alloy, Al,

Alloys, and combinations thereof; while suitable plastics include, but are not limited to: polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the

containers

139, 339 may be made of carbon steel coated with epoxy and/or carbon steel coated with plastic. In the embodiment, the container139. 339 may be made of carbon steel coated with plate 7159 HAR.

The

containers

139, 339 may be of any suitable shape. Suitable shapes include, but are not limited to: cylindrical, cubic, cuboid, prismatic, pyramidal, spherical, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the

containers

139, 339 may be substantially rectangular parallelepiped in shape.

The

defogging elements

145, 345 may be any suitable defogging elements.

Suitable defogging elements

145, 345 include, but are not limited to: a cross-flow honeycomb-type drift eliminator (see fig. 2A to 2F). For example, a

suitable defogging element

145, 345 may be obtained from Bredwood Industries, Inc. In an embodiment, the

defogging elements

145, 345 may be Accu-

A cross-flow honeycomb type drift eliminator.

Alternatively, the

demister elements

145, 345 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant material. The

defogging elements

145, 345 may be any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. The

demister elements

145, 345 may be made of metal or plastic mesh, or a tortuous path chevron with baffles. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: stainless steel,

Alloy, Al,

Alloys, and combinations thereof; suitable plastic webs include, but are not limited to: chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) polymers, glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP),

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymers, and combinations thereof; and suitable chevron plates include, but are not limited to, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), stainless steel, or the like,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymers. In an embodiment, the

defogging elements

145, 345 may be made of 316 stainless steel. In an embodiment, the

defogging elements

145, 345 may be made of PVC.

The

defogging elements

145, 345 may be any shape suitable for capping the upper and/or side portions of the

containers

139, 339. Suitable shapes include, but are not limited to: cylindrical, cubic, cuboid, prismatic, pyramidal, spherical, and portions and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the defogging elements 145, 345 (e.g., upper and/or side portions) may be rectangular parallelepiped shaped about 4 feet wide by about 8 feet long and about 4 inches to about 6 inches thick.

As shown in fig. 1, the

defogging elements

145, 345 form upper and side portions of the rectangular parallelepiped shape of the

containers

139, 339. In an embodiment, the defogging elements 145, 345 (e.g., upper portion) may be rectangular parallelepiped shaped about 8 feet wide by about 16 feet long and about 6 inches to about 12 inches thick (and any range or value therebetween). In an embodiment, the defogging elements 145, 345 (e.g., side portions) may be rectangular parallelepiped shapes that are about 6 feet wide by about 8 feet long and about 6 inches to about 12 inches thick (and any range or value therebetween).

In an embodiment, the defogging elements 145, 345 (e.g., upper portion) may be rectangular parallelepiped shaped about 8 feet wide by about 16 feet long and about 6 inches thick. In an embodiment, the defogging elements 145, 345 (e.g., side portions) may be rectangular parallelepiped shaped about 6 feet wide by about 8 feet long and about 6 inches thick.

The evaporated

water outlet

146, 346 comprises a plurality of outlet apertures (not shown) in the

demister elements

145, 345.

In an embodiment, the system 100 may further include a first sacrificial anode 197 and a second sacrificial anode 198 for galvanic cathodic (corrosion) protection of the

vessels

139, 339. The first and second

sacrificial anodes

197, 198 may be disposed in a sump (bottom) of the

vessels

139, 339.

The first sacrificial anode 197 and the second sacrificial anode 198 may be made of any suitable electroplating anode material. For example, suitable electroplating anode materials include, but are not limited to, aluminum, magnesium, and zinc. In an embodiment, the first sacrificial anode 197 and the second sacrificial anode 198 may be made of aluminum and/or zinc.

Blower and heater system

In an embodiment, the

system

100, 200, 300 may further include a blower 142, 242. In an embodiment, the air flow from the blower 142 disperses water droplets from the

spray nozzles

138, 338. In an embodiment, the blower 142 is disposed through the walls of the

containers

139, 339 such that the air flow from the blower 142 is opposite the water droplets from the

spray nozzles

138, 338.

In an embodiment, the blower 142 is disposed through the walls of the

containers

139, 339 such that the air flow from the blower 142 intersects the water droplets from the

spray nozzles

138, 338. In an embodiment, the ratio of wastewater to air may be in the range of about 550 Gallons Per Minute (GPM)/about 150,000 cubic feet per minute (CFM) to about 800GPM/60,000CFM (and any range or value therebetween).

The blower 142 may be any suitable axial flow blower. For example, a suitable blower 142 is available from l.c.eldridge Sales co. In an embodiment, the blower 142 may be a 95 inch Eldridge model IC92S-3GD310-R3A fan from l.c. Eldridge Sales co. In embodiments, the blower 142 may be a fixed or variable speed blower. In an embodiment, the blower 142 may provide about 60,000CFM to about 150,000CFM (and any range or value therebetween). In an embodiment, the blower 142 may provide approximately 100,000 CFM.

In an embodiment, the

system

100, 200, 300 may further comprise a blower and

heater system

141, 241, 341. For example, the blower and

heater system

141, 241, 341 may be disposed through the rear wall of the

container

139, 339 when the spray nozzles 138', 138 "of the

spray system

134, 334 discharge toward the rear of the

container

139, 339.

In an embodiment, the blower and

heater system

141, 241, 341 includes a blower 142 and an air heater 143. In an embodiment, an air flow outlet of the air heater 143 is fluidly connected to an air flow inlet of the blower 142.

The air heater 143 may be any suitable heater. For example, air heaters are available from Maxon corporation. In an embodiment, the air heater 143 may be a Maxon APX Line Burner from Maxon corporation. In an embodiment, the air heater 143 may provide an air heating rate of about 0BTU per hour to about 400 ten thousand BTU per hour (and any range or value therebetween).

In an embodiment, the air heater 143 may have one or more combustion blowers. In an embodiment, the combustion blower may be about 1.5 Horsepower (HP).

Optional air deflector, diffuser, tapered insert, and vane

When the hot air from the blower and preheater 141 is introduced into the air inlet of the vessel 139 (i.e., the evaporation module), the air flow may not be evenly distributed in the vessel 139. In addition, the water spray in the vessel 139 may not be uniform, and thus the saturation of the air may be reduced. To increase the evaporation rate, the mixing of air with water droplets must be increased to ensure complete conversion of the water from the liquid phase to the gas phase. One way to achieve this is to use a series of deflectors, diffusers, tapered inserts, and/or vanes to promote mixing.

In an embodiment, the system 100 may further comprise a deflector and/or diffuser, wherein the deflector and/or diffuser may be disposed within the vessel 139.

The deflector and/or diffuser may be any suitable deflector or diffuser capable of achieving the desired degree of mixing in the vessel 139. For example, suitable deflectors or diffusers include, but are not limited to: flat metal sheets, angled metal sheets, perforated metal sheets, solid metal sheets, and combinations thereof to create a hybrid blade effect.

The deflector and/or diffuser may be of any suitable size and shape.

In embodiments, the deflector and/or diffuser may be sized and positioned based on air temperature, altitude, humidity, and other factors to achieve optimal performance. In embodiments, the deflector and/or diffuser is positioned to redirect the flow of air from the center of the vessel 139 to the walls of the vessel 139.

In an embodiment, deflectors and/or diffusers may be installed in the container 139 to allow for adjustments during operation based on air temperature, altitude, humidity, and other factors to achieve optimal performance.

In an embodiment, the system 100 further comprises a conical insert, wherein the conical insert may be arranged within the container 139.

The tapered insert may be any suitable tapered insert capable of achieving a desired degree of mixing in the vessel 139. For example, suitable tapered inserts include, but are not limited to: flat metal sheets, angled metal sheets, perforated metal sheets, solid metal sheets, and combinations thereof to create a hybrid blade effect.

The tapered insert may be of any suitable size and shape.

In an embodiment, the size and location of the tapered insert may be adjusted based on air temperature, altitude, humidity, and other factors to achieve optimal performance. In an embodiment, the tapered inserts are positioned to redirect air flow from the walls of the vessel 139 to the center of the vessel 139.

In an embodiment, a tapered insert may be installed in the container 139 to allow for adjustments during operation based on air temperature, altitude, humidity, and other factors to achieve optimal performance.

In an embodiment, the system 100 further comprises a blade, wherein the blade may be arranged within the vessel 139.

The blades may be any suitable blades capable of achieving the desired degree of mixing in the vessel 139. For example, suitable blades include, but are not limited to: flat metal and/or wood pieces, angled metal and/or wood pieces, perforated metal and/or wood pieces, solid metal and/or wood pieces, and combinations thereof to create a hybrid blade effect.

The vanes may be of any suitable size and shape.

In an embodiment, the size and position of the blades may be adjusted based on air temperature, altitude, humidity, and other factors to achieve optimal performance. In an embodiment, the blades extend across a cross-section (e.g., diameter) of the vessel 139.

Recirculation system

In an embodiment, the

system

100, 200 may further include a second (recirculation) stop valve 153, 253, a second (recirculation)

pump

156, 256, and a second (recirculation)

valve

166, 266. The outlet of the sump (bottom) of the

vessels

139, 339 may be connected via line 154 to the inlet of a second (recirculation) pump 156. The outlet of the second (recirculation) pump 156 may be connected to the inlet of a second manifold 162 via line 158. A first outlet of the second manifold 162 may be connected to a second (recirculation) valve 166 discussed below.

In an embodiment, the

system

100, 200 may further comprise a second (recirculation) shut-off valve 153, 253. The second (recirculation) shut-off valve 153 may be any suitable shut-off valve. Suitable second (recirculation) shutoff valves 153 include, but are not limited to, ball valves and butterfly valves. For example, a suitable second (recirculation) shutoff valve 153 is available from GF pipe systems, inc. In an embodiment, the second (recirculation) stop valve 153 may be a GF tubing PVC wafer type butterfly valve from GF tubing systems, inc. In embodiments, the second (recirculation) shut-off valve 153 may be automatic or manual. In an embodiment, the second (recirculation) shut-off valve 153 may be normally closed.

In an embodiment, the second (recirculation) shut-off valve 153 has a 4 inch connection.

The second (recirculation) shut-off valve 153 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant material. The second (recirculation) stop valve 153 may be composed ofAny suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: carbon steel, stainless steel coated with plastics,

Alloy, Al,

Alloys, and combinations thereof; while suitable plastics include, but are not limited to: ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) rubber, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the second (recycle) shut-off valve 153 (wetted part) may be made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) rubber.

In an embodiment, the

system

100, 200 may further include a second (recirculation)

pump

156, 256. The second (recirculation) pump 156 may be any suitable pump. Suitable second (recirculation) pumps 156 include, but are not limited to, centrifugal pumps. For example, a suitable second (recirculation) pump 156 is available from Ampco Pumps Inc (Ampco Pumps Inc.). In an embodiment, the second (recirculation) pump 156 may be an Ampco Z series centrifugal pump from Ampco pumps. In an embodiment, the second (recirculation) pump 156 may be a 15HP centrifugal pump.

In an embodiment, the second (recirculation) pump 156 may have a 4 inch inlet (suction) connection and a 3 inch outlet (discharge) connection.

The second (recirculation) pump 156 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant material. The second (recirculation) pump 156 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: stainless steel, super duplex stainless steel, Al-6XN alloy, Ni-Al-Brz alloy,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymers, and combinations thereof. For example, the second (recirculation) pump 156 (including the internal wetted parts) may be made of stainless steel, super duplex stainless steel, AL-6XN alloy, Ni-Al-Brz alloy, Al-B-C alloy, and C-C alloy,

Alloy, Al,

Alloy, or FRD. In an embodiment, the second (recirculation) pump 156 (wetted parts) may be made of Ni-Al-Brz alloy.

The outlet of the second (recirculation) pump 156 may be connected to the inlet of a second manifold 162 via line 158.

In an embodiment, the

system

100, 200 may further include a second (recirculation)

valve

166, 266. The second (recirculation) valve 166 may be any suitable switching valve. Suitable secondary (recirculation) valves 166 include, but are not limited to, ball valves and butterfly valves. For example, a suitable second (recirculation) valve 166 is available from GF piping systems, inc. In an embodiment, the second (recirculation) valve 166 may be a GF pipe system 563 type electrically actuated butterfly valve from GF pipe system, inc. In embodiments, the second (recirculation) valve 166 may be automatic or manual. In embodiments, the second (recirculation) valve 166 may be electrically or pneumatically actuated. In an embodiment, the second (recirculation) valve 166 may be normally closed.

In an embodiment, the second (recirculation) valve 166 has a 4 inch connection.

In an embodiment, the

system

100, 200 may further include a third limit switch 167, 267 and a fourth limit switch 168, 268. In an embodiment, the third limit switch 167 confirms that the second (recirculation) valve 166 is closed; and the fourth limit switch 168 confirms that the second (recirculation) valve 166 is open.

A first outlet of second manifold 162 may be connected to a second inlet of first manifold 128.

The

conduits

128, 158, 162 may be formed from any suitable corrosion protection conduit. The

conduits

128, 158, 162 may be any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: carbon steel coated with plastics, stainless steel, super duplex stainless steel, Al-6XN alloy, Ni-Al-Brz alloy,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

conduits

128, 158, 162 may be made of carbon steel coated with plastic. In an embodiment, the

tubing

128, 158, 162 may be made of carbon steel coated with plate 7159 HAR. In an embodiment, the

tubing

128, 158, 162 may be made of 316 stainless steel.

In an embodiment, the

tubing

128, 158, 162 may be 4 inch tubing.

Discharge system

In an embodiment, the

system

100, 200 may further include a

check valve

164, 264, a

third drain valve

169, 269, and a third (drain) shut-off

valve

174, 274. A second outlet of second manifold 162 may be connected to an inlet of check valve 164 or to an inlet of third (drain) valve 169.

In embodiments, the

system

100, 200 may further include a

check valve

164, 264. The check valve 164 may be any suitable check valve. Suitable check valves 164 include, but are not limited to, one-way valves. A second outlet of second manifold 162 may be connected to an inlet of check valve 164; and the outlet of the check valve 164 may be connected to the inlet of a third (discharge) valve 169.

In an embodiment, the

system

100, 200 may further comprise a third (vent)

valve

169, 269. The third (drain) valve 169 may be any suitable switching valve. Suitable drain valves include, but are not limited to, ball valves. For example, a suitable third (drain) valve 169 is available from GF piping systems, inc. In an embodiment, the third (drain) valve 169 may be a GF tubing system 546 type electrically actuated ball valve from GF tubing systems, inc. In embodiments, the third (drain) valve 169 may be automatic or manual. In embodiments, the third (drain) valve 169 may be electrically or pneumatically actuated. In an embodiment, the third (drain) valve 169 may be normally closed.

In an embodiment, the third (drain) valve 169 may have a 2 inch connection.

In an embodiment, the

system

100, 200 may further comprise a fifth limit switch 170, 270 and a sixth limit switch 171, 271. In an embodiment, the fifth limit switch 170, 270 confirms that the third (drain) valve 169 is open; and the sixth limit switches 171, 271 confirm that the third (drain) valve 169 is closed.

A second outlet of second manifold 162 may be connected to an inlet of a third (drain) valve 169; while the outlet of the third (drain) valve 169 may be connected to the inlet of a second (drain) shut-off valve 174 via line 172.

In an embodiment, the

system

100, 200 may further include a third (drain) shut-off

valve

174, 274. The third (drain) shut-off valve 174 may be any suitable shut-off valve. Suitable third (drain) shutoff valves 174 include, but are not limited to, ball valves and butterfly valves. For example, a suitable third (drain) shut-off valve 174 is available from GF pipe systems, inc. In an embodiment, the third (drain) stop valve 174 may be a GF piping system 546PVC type ball valve from GF piping systems, inc. In embodiments, the third (drain) shut-off valve 174 may be automatic or manual. In an embodiment, the third (drain) shut-off valve 174 may be normally closed.

In an embodiment, the third (drain) shut-off valve 174 may have a 2 inch connection.

The third (drain) shut-off valve 174 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant material. The third (drain) shut-off valve 174 may be made of any suitable corrosion-resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: carbon steel, stainless steel coated with plastics,

Alloy, Al,

Alloys, and combinations thereof; while suitable plastics include, but are not limited to: ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) rubber, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the third (drain) shut-off valve 174 (wetted part) may be made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) rubber.

The outlet of the third (drain) valve 169 may be connected via a line 172 to the inlet of a third (drain) shut-off valve 174. The outlet of the third (drain) shut-off valve 174 may be connected to a drain outlet 176 via a line 175.

The

conduits

172, 175 may be constructed of any suitable corrosion resistant conduit. The

conduits

172, 175 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: carbon steel coated with plastics, stainless steel, super duplex stainless steel, Al-6XN alloy, Ni-Al-Brz alloy,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

conduits

172, 175 may be made of carbon steel coated with plastic. In an embodiment, the

conduits

172, 175 may be made of carbon steel coated with plate 7159 HAR. In an embodiment, the

conduits

172, 175 may be made of 316 stainless steel.

In an embodiment, the

conduits

172, 175 may be 2 inch conduits.

Alternative sensors and meters

In embodiments, the

system

100, 200 may further include a

first flow meter

122, 222, a

first temperature sensor

130, 230, a

first conductivity meter

131, 231, an optional second conductivity meter 132, 232 (not shown), and/or a

second flow meter

173, 273.

A first flow meter 122 may be fluidly connected to the conduit 120.

The first flow meter 122 may be any suitable flow meter. Suitable first flow meters 122 include, but are not limited to: magnetic flowmeters, paddle wheel flowmeters, ultrasonic vortex flowmeters, and plug-in vortex flowmeters. For example, a suitable first flow meter 122 may be obtained from georgi Fischer printing company (Georg Fischer Signet LLC). In an embodiment, the first flow meter 122 may be a Signet 2536 rotor-X paddlewheel flow sensor from Geoerfhel, Inc. In an embodiment, the first flow sensor 122 may be electrically connected to the PLC or computing device 600.

A first temperature sensor 130 may be fluidly connected to the first manifold 128.

The first temperature sensor 130 may be any suitable temperature measuring device. For example, a suitable first temperature sensor 130 may be obtained from jascow corporation (Ashcroft Inc.). In an embodiment, the first temperature sensor 130 may be a bi-metal dial thermometer from jasco. In embodiments, the first temperature sensor 130 may be electrically or manually powered.

The first conductivity meter 131 may be fluidly connected to the first manifold 128; and an optional second conductivity meter 132 (not shown) may be fluidly connected to first manifold 128.

The first conductivity meter 131 monitors the conductivity of inlet (feed) wastewater or condensed (recycled) wastewater from an external wastewater source. If the first conductivity meter 131 measures a predetermined minimum conductivity (e.g., indicating the presence of oil in the feed water), the system 100 is shut down.

The first conductivity meter 131 may be any suitable conductivity meter. For example, a suitable first conductivity meter 131 is available from Cole-Parmer Instrument Company. In an embodiment, the first conductivity meter 131 may be a model ML-19504-04 annular conductivity sensor from Keelamer instruments, Inc. In an embodiment, the first conductivity sensor 131 may be electrically connected to the PLC or computing device 600. In an embodiment, the first conductivity sensor 131 may have a range of about 0 μ S/cm to about 1,000,000 μ S/cm (and any range or value therebetween).

An optional second conductivity meter 132 (not shown) monitors the conductivity of the inlet (feed) or condensed (recycled) wastewater from an external wastewater source. If the second conductivity meter 132 indicates that the condensed wastewater (brine) has reached a predetermined maximum conductivity, the third (discharge) valve 169 is switched to an open position, the third (discharge) stop valve 174 is switched to an open position, and the second (recycle) valve 166 is switched to a closed position.

Optional second conductivity meter 132 may be any suitable conductivity meter. For example, a suitable first conductivity meter 132 is available from Keeeemer instruments, Inc. (Cole-Parmer Instrument Company). In an embodiment, the first conductivity meter 132 may be a model ML-19504-04 annular conductivity sensor from Keelamer instruments, Inc. that is electrically connected to a model ML-94785-12 process meter. In an embodiment, the second conductivity sensor 132 may be electrically connected to the PLC or computing device 600. In an embodiment, the second conductivity sensor 132 may have a range (and any range or value therebetween) of about 0 μ S/cm to about 1,000,000 μ S/cm.

A second flow meter 173 may be fluidly connected to the conduit 172. The second flow meter 173 monitors the discharge flow at the discharge outlet 176.

The second flow meter 173 may be any suitable flow meter. Suitable second flow meters 173 include, but are not limited to: magnetic flowmeters, paddle wheel flowmeters, ultrasonic vortex flowmeters, and plug-in vortex flowmeters. For example, a suitable second flow meter 173 is available from geoffel schel print. In an embodiment, the second flow meter 173 may be a Signet 2536 rotor-X paddle wheel flow sensor from geoffel fisher print. In an embodiment, the second flow meter 173 may be electrically connected to the PLC or computing device 600.

Selectable limit/level switch, pressure switch, and temperature switch

In an embodiment, the

system

100, 200 may further include a

first pressure switch

110, 210, an air temperature sensor 140, 240, a first high differential pressure switch 147, 247, a second high-high differential pressure switch 148, 248, a first high-

high limit switch

149, 249, a

low limit switch

150, 250, a

high limit switch

151, 251, a second high-high limit switch 152, 252, and a

second pressure switch

159, 259.

The first pressure switch 110 monitors the pressure of the inlet wastewater to the first (feed) pump 118. The first pressure switch 110 may be any suitable pressure switch. For example, a suitable first pressure switch 110 is available from AutomationDirect. In an embodiment, the first pressure switch 110 may be from AutomationDirect

MPS25 series mechanical pressure switch.

A first pressure switch 110 may be fluidly connected to the line 108.

The first high differential pressure switch 147 monitors the air pressure in the

vessels

139, 339. If the first high differential pressure switch 147 is activated, the blower 142 operates. In an embodiment, first high differential pressure switch 147 may be set to +/-0.15 inches of water.

First high differential pressure switch 147 may be any suitable differential pressure sensor. For example, a suitable first high differential pressure switch 147 is available from Deville Instruments Inc. In an embodiment, first high differential pressure switch 147 may be a 3000 series differential pressure gauge from de wiler instruments. In an embodiment, first high differential pressure switch 147 has a range of about 0 to about 0.5 inches of water.

The first high differential pressure switch 147 may be fluidly connected to the

vessels

139, 339.

The second high-to-high differential pressure switch 148 also monitors the air pressure in the vessel. If the second high-to-high differential pressure switch 148 is activated, the mist trap system 144 may become blocked due to flooding or fouling. In an embodiment, the second high-to-high differential pressure switch 148 may be set to +/-0.40 inches of water.

Second high-to-high differential pressure switch 148 may be any suitable differential pressure sensor. For example, a suitable second high-to-high differential pressure switch 148 is available from DeWill instruments, Inc. In an embodiment, the second high-to-high differential pressure sensor 148 may be a 3000MR series differential pressure gauge from dove instruments. In an embodiment, the second high-to-high differential pressure switch 148 may have a range of about 0 to about 0.5 inches of water.

A second high-to-high differential pressure switch 148 may be fluidly connected to the

vessels

139, 339.

The first high-high limit switch 149, the low limit switch 150, and the high limit switch 151 monitor the respective water levels in the troughs (bottoms) of the

containers

139, 339. The second high-high limit switch 152 monitors the water level in the secondary enclosure (containment).

The high-

high limit switches

149, 152, the low limit switch 150, and the high limit switch 151 may be any suitable level switches. Suitable water level switches include, but are not limited to: capacitive proximity switches, floating switches, magnetic switches, and vibrating tine switches. For example, high-

high limit switches

149, 152, low limit switch 150, and high limit switch 151 are available from AutomationDirect. In an embodiment, high-

high limit switches

149, 152, low limit switch 150, and high limit switch 151 may be TU series model M18 circular proximity sensing sensors from automation direct.

A first high-high limit switch 149, a low limit switch 150, and a high limit switch 151 may be fluidly connected near the sump (bottom) of the

containers

139, 339.

A second high-high limit switch 152 may be fluidly connected outside of the

containers

139, 339 to monitor the water level in the secondary enclosure.

A second pressure switch 159 monitors the pressure of the condensed (recycled) wastewater from the second (recycle) pump 156. The second pressure switch 159 may be any suitable pressure switch. Suitable second pressure switches 159 are available from AutomationDirect. In an embodiment, the first pressure switch 159 may be from AutomationDirect

MPS25 series mechanical pressure switch.

A second pressure switch 159 may be fluidly connected to the line 158.

In an embodiment, the pressure gauge 160 displays the pressure of the condensed (recycled) wastewater from the second (recycle) pump 156. Pressure gauge 160 may be fluidly connected to line 158.

Optional acid conditioning system

In embodiments, the system 100 may further include an optional acid conditioning system 177. The acid conditioning system 177 includes an acid tank (acid tote)178 and an acid metering pump 180.

The acid may be any suitable acid. Suitable acids include, but are not limited to, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. In an embodiment, the acid may be hydrochloric acid (20 baume degrees). In an embodiment, the acid may be sulfuric acid (98%). In an embodiment, the desired pH of the wastewater is about 6.5 or below to minimize calcium carbonate scaling. In an embodiment, if scale inhibitors are added to minimize carbonate and non-carbonate scaling, the desired pH of the wastewater may be above 6.5. In embodiments, the amount of acid solution added varies depending on the inlet water conditions (e.g., pH, alkalinity).

In an embodiment, if scale inhibitors are added to minimize carbonate and non-carbonate scaling, the desired pH of the wastewater may be above 6.5.

The outlet of the acid tank 178 may be fluidly connected to the inlet of an acid metering pump 180 via a conduit 179; and the outlet of the acid metering pump 180 is fluidly connected to the

vessels

139, 339 or the conduit 154 (shown) via a conduit 181.

Acid tank 178 may be any suitable acid tank or other bulk chemical storage unit. Suitable acid tanks include, but are not limited to, industry standard shipping tanks. For example, a suitable acid Tank 178 is available from National Tank Outlet (National Tank Outlet). In an embodiment, the acid tank 178 may be a 275 gallon or 330 gallon industry standard shipping tank. In an embodiment, the acid tank 178 may be a 55 gallon drum.

The acid metering pump 180 can be any suitable acid metering pump. Suitable acid metering pumps include, but are not limited to: electronic diaphragm pumps, peristaltic pumps, and positive displacement pumps. For example, a suitable acid metering pump 180 is available from Anko products. In an embodiment, the acid metering pump 180 may be a self priming peristaltic pump from Anko products. In an embodiment, the acid metering pump 180 may be a Mityflex model 907 self-priming peristaltic pump from Anko products.

The

conduits

179, 181 may be comprised of any suitable corrosion resistant conduit. The

conduits

179, 181 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: al-6XN alloy,

Alloy, Al,

Alloy, Al,And combinations thereof; and suitable plastics include, but are not limited to: chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) polymers, glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP),

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymers, and combinations thereof. For example,

suitable conduits

179, 181 may be constructed from

PFA or PTFE.

In an embodiment, the acid conditioning system 177 may further include an acid flow meter (not shown). The acid flow meter may be fluidly connected to conduit 181. The acid flow meter measures the flow of the acid solution.

The acid flow meter may be any suitable acid flow meter. Suitable acid flow meters include, but are not limited to: paddle wheel flowmeters, ultrasonic vortex flowmeters, and plug-in vortex flowmeters. For example, a suitable acid flow meter is available from ProMinent. In an embodiment, the acid flow meter may be a model DulcoFlow DFMa of purocent, having built-in signal transmission capabilities.

Optional biocide conditioning system

In an embodiment, the system 100 may further include an optional biocide conditioning system 182. The sterilant conditioning system 182 includes a sterilant tank 183 and a sterilant metering pump 185.

The biocide may be any suitable biocide. Suitable biocides include, but are not limited to: bleach, bromine, chlorine dioxide (generated), 2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionic acid (DBNPA), glutaraldehyde, isothiazoline (1.5%), and ozone (generated). In embodiments, the biocide may be selected from the group consisting of: bleach (12.5%), bromine, chlorine dioxide (generated), DBNPA (20%), glutaraldehyde (50%), isothiazoline (1.5%), and ozone (generated). In embodiments, the desired concentration of biocide is about 10ppm to about 1000ppm (and any range or value therebetween). The amount of biocide solution added to the wastewater varies depending on the inlet water conditions.

The outlet of sterilant enclosure 183 may be fluidly connected to the inlet of sterilant metering pump 185 via conduit 184; and the outlet of the sterilant metering pump 185 can be fluidly connected to the

containers

139, 339 or the line 154 (shown) via conduit 186.

Sterilant tank 183 may be any suitable sterilant tank or other bulk chemical storage unit. Suitable sterilant containers include, but are not limited to, industry standard shipping containers. For example, a suitable biocide tank 183 is available from International tank export. In an embodiment, biocide tank 183 can be a 275 gallon or 330 gallon industry standard shipping tank. In an embodiment, the sterilant enclosure 183 may be a 55 gallon drum or a 5 gallon drum.

In an alternative embodiment, sterilant enclosure 183 may be replaced with a suitable sterilant producing apparatus (not shown). For example, suitable biocide equipment is available from the company Miox. In an embodiment, the biocide producing device (not shown) may be model AE-8 from Miox corporation.

The sterilant metering pump 185 can be any suitable sterilant metering pump. Suitable biocide dosing pumps include, but are not limited to: electronic diaphragm pumps, peristaltic pumps, and positive displacement pumps. For example, a suitable sterilant metering pump 185 is available from Anko products. In an embodiment, the sterilant metering pump 185 may be a self priming peristaltic pump from Anko products. In an embodiment, the biocide metering pump 185 can be a Mityflex model 907 self priming peristaltic pump from Anko products.

The

conduits

184, 186 may be constructed of any suitable corrosion resistant conduit. The

conduits

184, 186 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: al-6XN alloy,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

conduits

184, 186 may be formed of

Or PTFE.

In an embodiment, biocide conditioning system 182 can further comprise an optional biocide flow meter (not shown). A sterilant flow meter may be fluidly connected to conduit 186. The sterilant flow meter measures the flow of the sterilant solution.

The sterilant flow meter may be any suitable flow meter. Suitable sterilant flow meters include, but are not limited to: paddle wheel flowmeters, ultrasonic vortex flowmeters, and plug-in vortex flowmeters. For example, suitable sterilant flow meters are available from Proming corporation. In an embodiment, the biocide flow meter may be model DulcoFlow DFMa of purocent, which has built-in signal transmission capabilities.

Optional scale inhibition regulation system

In an embodiment, the system 100 may further include an optional scale inhibition conditioning system 187. The scale inhibition regulation system 187 comprises a scale inhibition tank 188 and a scale inhibition metering pump 190.

The scale inhibitor may be any suitable scale inhibitor or mixture of scale inhibitors. Suitable scale inhibitors include, but are not limited to: inorganic phosphates, organic phosphorus compounds, and organic polymers. In embodiments, the scale inhibitor may be selected from the group consisting of: organic phosphates, polyacrylates, phosphonates, polyacrylamides, polycarboxylic acids, polymaleates, polyphosphocarboxylates, polyphosphoesters, and polyvinyl sulfonates. In embodiments, the desired scale inhibitor concentration is from about 10ppm to about 100ppm (and any range or value therebetween). In embodiments, the desired scale inhibitor concentration is from about 2ppm to about 20ppm (and any range or value therebetween). The amount of antiscalant solution added to the wastewater varies depending on the inlet water conditions.

The outlet of the antisludging tank 188 may be fluidly connected to the inlet of an antisludging metering pump 190 via a conduit 189; while the outlet of the scale inhibition metering pump 190 may be fluidly connected to the vessels 139, 339 (shown) or the line 154 via conduit 191.

The scale inhibition tank 188 may be any suitable scale inhibition tank or other bulk chemical storage unit. Suitable scale inhibiting containers include, but are not limited to, industry standard shipping containers. For example, a suitable scale inhibition tank 188 is available from international tank outlet corporation. In an embodiment, the scale inhibition tank 188 may be a 275 gallon or 330 gallon industry standard transport tank. In embodiments, the antisludging tank 188 may be a 55 gallon drum or a 5 gallon drum.

The scale inhibition metering pump 190 may be any suitable scale inhibitor metering pump. Suitable scale inhibition metering pumps include, but are not limited to: electronic diaphragm pumps, peristaltic pumps, and positive displacement pumps. For example, a suitable scale inhibition metering pump 190 is available from Anko products. In an embodiment, the scale inhibition metering pump 190 may be a self-priming peristaltic pump from Anko products. In an embodiment, the scale inhibition metering pump 190 may be a Mityflex model 907 self-priming peristaltic pump from Anko products.

The

conduits

189, 191 may be comprised of any suitable corrosion resistant conduit. The

conduits

189, 191 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: carbon steel, stainless steel, super duplex stainless steel, AL-6 coated with plastic An XN alloy,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

conduits

189, 191 may be formed of

Or PTFE.

In an embodiment, the scale inhibition conditioning system 187 may further comprise an optional scale inhibition flow meter (not shown). A scale inhibiting flow meter may be fluidly connected to conduit 191. The scale inhibiting flow meter measures the flow rate of the scale inhibitor solution.

The antiscalant flow meter may be any suitable flow meter. Suitable antiscalant flow meters include, but are not limited to: paddle wheel flowmeters, ultrasonic vortex flowmeters, and plug-in vortex flowmeters. For example, suitable antiscalant flow meters are available from purofert corporation. In an embodiment, the scale inhibitor flow meter may be a model DulcoFlow DFMa of purocent, having built-in signal transmission capability.

Optional defoamer System

In an embodiment, the system 100 may further include an optional defoamer system 192. The defoamer system 192 includes a defoamer tank 193 and a defoamer pump 195.

The defoamer can be any suitable defoamer. Suitable defoamers include, but are not limited to: alcohols, glycols, insoluble oils, silicone polymers, and stearates. In embodiments, the defoamer may be selected from the group consisting of: fatty alcohols, fatty acid esters, fluorosilicones, polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, silicone glycols, and polydimethylsiloxanes. In embodiments, the desired defoamer concentration is from about 10ppm to about 100ppm (and any range or value therebetween). In embodiments, the desired defoamer concentration is from about 2ppm to about 20ppm (and any range or value therebetween). The amount of defoamer solution added to the wastewater varies depending on the inlet water conditions.

The outlet of the defoamer tank 193 can be fluidly connected to the inlet of a defoamer metering pump 195 via a conduit 194; while the outlet of the defoamer metering pump 195 may be fluidly connected to the containers 139, 339 (shown) or the line 154 via a conduit 196.

The defoamer box 193 can be any suitable defoamer box or other bulk chemical storage unit. Suitable defoamer boxes include, but are not limited to, industry standard shipping boxes. For example, a suitable defoamer tank 193 is available from international tank outlet corporation. In an embodiment, the defoamer box 193 can be a 275 gallon or 330 gallon industry standard shipping box. In embodiments, the defoamer box 193 can be a 55 gallon drum or a 5 gallon bucket.

The defoamer metering pump 195 can be any suitable defoamer metering pump. Suitable defoamer metering pumps include, but are not limited to: electronic diaphragm pumps, peristaltic pumps, and positive displacement pumps. For example, a suitable defoamer metering pump 195 is available from Anko products. In an embodiment, the defoamer metering pump 195 may be a self-priming peristaltic pump from Anko products. In an embodiment, the defoamer metering pump 195 may be a Mityflex model 907 self-priming peristaltic pump from Anko products.

The

conduits

194, 196 may be formed of any suitable corrosion resistant conduit. The

conduits

194, 196 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: carbon steel coated with plasticsStainless steel, super duplex stainless steel, AL-6XN alloy,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

conduits

194, 196 may be formed of

Or PTFE.

In an embodiment, the defoamer conditioning system 192 can further comprise an optional defoamer flow meter (not shown). A defoamer flow meter may be fluidly connected to conduit 196. A defoamer flow meter measures the flow of the defoamer solution.

The defoamer flow meter may be any suitable flow meter. Suitable defoamer flow meters include, but are not limited to: paddle wheel flowmeters, ultrasonic vortex flowmeters, and plug-in vortex flowmeters. For example, a suitable defoamer flow meter is available from purocene corporation. In an embodiment, the defoamer flow meter may be model DulcoFlow DFMa of purocent corporation, which has built-in signal transmission capability.

System for spray evaporation of water showing alternative embodiments

First alternative embodiment

Fig. 4A to 5D show schematic diagrams of

exemplary systems

400, 500 for spray evaporation of water according to another embodiment of the present invention. The

systems

400, 500 include a

waste inlet

404, 504, a

pump

420, 520, a

blower

436, 536, a manifold 439, 539, a spray nozzle 442, 542, a

container

444, 544, a

demister element

448, 548, and a

drain outlet

458, 558.

In an embodiment, the

system

400, 500 is capable of evaporating between about 2,000 to about 10,000 gallons of wastewater per day (see fig. 4A-5D). If higher throughput is desired,

multiple systems

400, 500 may be used in parallel to treat wastewater.

Inlet system

The

waste water inlets

404, 504 may be connected to an inlet of a first three-way valve 416 via

lines

408, 508. The outlet of the three-way valve 416 may be connected to the inlet of a

pump

420, 520 via a

line

418, 518.

The

wastewater inlets

404, 504 may be any suitable wastewater inlet capable of handling up to about 40 psi. Suitable waste inlets include, but are not limited to, flange connectors, cam lock fittings, and hammer-type fittings. In an embodiment, the

waste water inlets

404, 504 are flanged connections (see fig. 5A-5D). The

wastewater inlets

404, 504 permit connection to an external source of wastewater via the wastewater suction header 402. The

wastewater inlets

404, 504 may be connected to an external source of wastewater via hoses, pipes, or other means commonly used in the art.

In an embodiment, the

system

400, 500 may further include a first three-

way valve

416, 516. The first three-way valve 416 may be any suitable three-way valve. The first three-way valve 416 may be automatic or manual. The first three-way valve 416 may be electrically or pneumatically actuated. Suitable three-way valves include, but are not limited to, ball valves. For example, a suitable first three-way valve 416 is available from GF pipe systems, inc. In an embodiment, the first three-way valve 416 may be a Georg Fischer 543 type 3-way ball valve from GF pipe systems, inc.

The

pumps

420, 520 may be any suitable pumps. Suitable pumps include, but are not limited to, positive suction pumps.

Suitable pumps

420, 520 are available from Ampco, for example. In an embodiment, the

pumps

420, 520 may be 3 to 5 horsepower positive suction pumps from MP pumps, inc.

The

pumps

420, 520 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant material. The

pumps

420, 520 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: cast iron, stainless steel, super duplex stainless steel, Al-6XN alloy, Ni-Al-Brz alloy,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymers, and combinations thereof. For example, the pumps 420, 520 (including the internal wetted parts) may be formed from stainless steel, super duplex stainless steel, AL-6XN alloy, Ni-Al-Brz alloy, stainless steel,

alloy, Al,

Alloy, or FRD. In an embodiment, the pumps 420, 520 (including the internal wetted parts) may be made of super duplex stainless steel. In an embodiment, the

pumps

420, 520 may be made of cast iron if a shorter service life is acceptable.

Lines

418, 518 may be made of any suitable corrosion protectionAnd corroding the pipeline. The

conduits

418, 518 may be any suitable metal or plastic conduit. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: carbon steel coated with plastics, stainless steel, super duplex stainless steel, Al-6XN alloy, Ni-Al-Brz alloy,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

conduits

418, 518 may be made of carbon steel coated with plastic. In an embodiment, the

conduits

418, 518 may be made of carbon steel coated with plate 7159 HAR. In an embodiment, the

conduits

418, 518 may be made of 316 stainless steel.

In an embodiment, the

conduits

418, 518 may be 2 inch conduits.

The outlets of the

pumps

420, 520 may be connected to the inlets of the second three-

way valves

432, 532 via line(s) 422, 426, 522, 526. The first outlets of the second three-

way valves

432, 532 may be connected to

manifolds

439, 539 via

lines

438, 538.

A first outlet of blower 436' may be fluidly connected to a blower inlet of

manifolds

439, 539 opposite the spray outlets of

manifolds

439, 539, a second outlet of a second blower 436 "may be fluidly connected to a second blower inlet of

manifolds

439, 539 opposite the second spray outlets of

manifolds

439, 539, and so on.

In an embodiment, each outlet of the

blowers

436, 536 may be connected to its corresponding blower inlet of the manifold 439, 539 via a conduit. In an embodiment, the conduit may be made of 316 stainless steel. In an embodiment, the conduit may be an 3/8 inch conduit.

In an embodiment, each injection outlet of

conduits

438, 538 may be connected to an inlet of injection nozzle 442 via a conduit. In an embodiment, each injection outlet of the

manifolds

439, 539 comprises about 4 to about 6 conduits (see fig. 5A-5B). In an embodiment, the conduit may be made of 316 stainless steel. In an embodiment, the conduit may be an 3/8 inch conduit.

In an embodiment, system 400 may further include second three-

way valves

432, 532. The second three-

way valves

432, 532 may be any suitable three-way valves. The second three-

way valves

432, 532 may be automatic or manual. The second three-

way valves

432, 532 may be electrically or pneumatically actuated. Suitable three-way valves include, but are not limited to, ball valves. Suitable second three-

way valves

432, 532 are available from GF pipe systems, inc. In an embodiment, the second three-

way valves

432, 532 may be Georg Fischer 543 type 3-way ball valves from GF pipe systems, inc. In an embodiment, the first and second three-

way valves

416, 432, 532 may be of the same type.

In an embodiment, the second three-

way valves

432, 532 may have a 2 inch connection.

The

blowers

436, 536 may be any suitable blower. The

blowers

436, 536 may be automatic or manual. The

blowers

436, 536 may be electric or hydraulic (see fig. 4A-4C). Suitable blowers include, but are not limited to, variable speed blowers. For example, a suitable plurality of

blowers

436, 536 are available from Curtec corporation. In an embodiment, the

blowers

436, 536 may be variable speed blowers from Curtec corporation capable of achieving a range of about 1k to about 35k CFM. In an embodiment, the

blowers

436, 536 may be variable speed blowers from Curtec corporation capable of achieving a total range of about 3k to about 18k CFM. In an embodiment, the

blowers

436, 536 may be variable speed blowers from Curtec corporation capable of achieving a total range of about 15k to about 35k CFM.

The

conduits

422, 426, 438, 522, 526, 538 may be constructed of any suitable corrosion protection conduit.

Conduits

422, 426, 438, 522, 526, 538 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: carbon steel coated with plastics, stainless steel, super duplex stainless steel, Al-6XN alloy, Ni-Al-Brz alloy,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

conduits

422, 426, 438, 522, 526, 538 may be made of carbon steel coated with plastic. In an embodiment, the

conduits

422, 426, 438, 522, 526, 538 may be made of carbon steel coated with plate 7159 HAR. In an embodiment, the

tubing

422, 426, 438, 522, 526, 538 may be made of 316 stainless steel.

In an embodiment, the

conduits

422, 426, 438, 522, 526, 538 may be 2 inch conduits.

The outlets of

blowers

436, 536 may be connected to the inlets of spray nozzles 442 via

manifolds

439, 539. The outlet of the spray nozzle 442 discharges water droplets into the interior of the

containers

444, 544. The upper or top side of the

container

444, 544 is covered with a

demister element

448, 548 to retain water droplets inside the

container

444, 544. The

defogging elements

448, 548 are secured to and supported by the

containers

444, 544 in a manner conventional in the art. In embodiments, the ratio of water to air may range from about 15GPM/150,000CFM to about 100GPM/60,000CFM (and any range or value therebetween). In an embodiment, the ratio of water to air is about 16GPM/127,000 CFM.

demister elements

448, 548 and exits the evaporated water outlet 450. Any water that does not evaporate is retained by the

demister elements

448, 548 and falls into the sump (bottom) of the

containers

444, 544.

Spray nozzles 442 may be any suitable spray nozzles. Suitable spray nozzles include, but are not limited to, rotary atomizers. For example, suitable spray nozzles 442 are available from Ledebuhr industries, Inc. In an embodiment, the injection nozzles 442 may be variable speed rotary atomizers from ledebuuhr industries. In an embodiment, the rotary atomizer may be capable of high flow rates. In an embodiment, the rotary atomizer has a plurality of spray heads. In an embodiment, the flow rate per spray head of the rotary atomizer is about 8 Gallons Per Minute (GPM). In embodiments, the rotary atomizer produces water droplets having a size of about 50 μm to about 300 μm. In embodiments, the rotary atomizer may produce water droplets having a size of about 50 μm to about 150 μm. In an embodiment, the spray head is positioned at a discharge point of the blower. Alternatively, the spray head is positioned inside the container.

Spray nozzles 442 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant material. Spray nozzles 442 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant metal. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: stainless steel,

Alloy, Al,

Alloys, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, spray nozzle 442 (spray head) may be made of 316 stainless steel.

The

containers

444, 544 may be any suitable container. The

containers

444, 544 may be mobile or stationary. Suitable containers include, but are not limited to, fracturing fluid tanks (see fig. 5A-5C). For example,

suitable containers

444, 544 may be obtained from PCI manufacturing, Inc. In an embodiment, the

containers

444, 544 may be OPT FRAC, 500BBL, S/E, CIRC Line FRAC tank from PCI manufacturing limited.

Alternatively, the

containers

444, 544 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant material. The

containers

444, 544 may be made of coated metal, corrosion resistant metal, or plastic. Suitable coated metals include, but are not limited to: carbon steel coated with plastic; suitable corrosion-resistant metals include, but are not limited to: stainless steel,

Alloy, Al,

containers

444, 544 may be made of carbon steel coated with plastic. In an embodiment, the

containers

444, 544 may be made of carbon steel coated with plate 7159 HAR.

The

containers

444, 544 may be any suitable shape. Suitable shapes include, but are not limited to: cylindrical, cubic, cuboid, prismatic, pyramidal, spherical, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the

containers

444, 544 may be substantially rectangular parallelepiped in shape.

The

demister elements

448, 548 can be any suitable demister element. The

demister elements

448, 548 can be made of any suitable corrosion resistant material. The

demister elements

448, 548 can be made of any suitable corrosion-resistant metal or plastic. The

demister elements

448, 548 may be made of a metal or plastic mesh, or a tortuous path chevron plate with baffles. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: stainless steel,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymers. In an embodiment, the

demister elements

448, 548 may be made of 316 stainless steel.

The

defogging elements

448, 548 may be any shape suitable for covering the upper portion of the

containers

444, 544. Suitable shapes include, but are not limited to: cylindrical, cubic, cuboid, prismatic, pyramidal, spherical, and portions and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the

demister elements

448, 548 may be rectangular parallelepiped shapes that are about 4 feet wide by about 8 feet long, and about 3 inches to about 12 inches thick (and any range or value therebetween). In an embodiment, the

demister elements

448, 548 may be rectangular parallelepiped shaped having a width of about 4 feet by a length of about 8 feet, and a thickness of about 4 inches to about 6 inches. As shown in fig. 4, the

demister elements

448, 548 form the upper portion of the rectangular parallelepiped shape of the

containers

444, 544.

The evaporated water outlet 450 includes a plurality of outlet apertures (not shown) in the

demister elements

448, 548.

Recirculation and exhaust system

The bottoms of the

containers

444, 544 may be connected to a second inlet of the first three-way valve 416 via

lines

452, 552. The outlet of the first three-way valve 416 may be connected to the inlet of the pump via

lines

418, 518. The outlets of the

pumps

420, 520 may be connected to the inlets of the second three-way valves 432,532 via line(s) 422, 426, 522, 526. A second outlet of the second three-way valve 432,532 may be connected to drain

outlets

458, 558 via lines 454, 554.

The

discharge outlet

458, 558 may be any suitable outlet capable of handling up to about 40 psi. Suitable discharge outlets include, but are not limited to, flange connectors, cam lock fittings, and hammer-type fittings. In an embodiment, the

drain outlets

458, 558 are flange connections (see fig. 5A-5D). The

discharge outlet

458, 558 permits connection to an external waste disposal reservoir (e.g., tank, truck, pond). The

drain outlets

458, 558 are connected to an external waste disposal reservoir via a hose, line, or other means commonly used in the art.

Alternative blower, spray system, and mist capture system

In embodiments, the

systems

400, 500 may further include a blower system 434, 534, a spray system 440, 540, and a mist capture system 446, 546. The blower system 434, 534 includes a plurality of blowers 436', 436 "; injection system 440 includes a plurality of injection nozzles 442', 442 "; and the mist trap system 446 includes a plurality of mist elimination elements 448', 448 ", and

containers

444, 544.

A first outlet of the first blower 436' may be fluidly connected to a first blower inlet of the manifold 439, 539 opposite the first jet outlet of the manifold 439, 539; and a second outlet of the second blower 436 "may be fluidly connected to a second blower inlet of the

manifolds

439, 539 opposite the second jet outlet of the

manifolds

439, 539, and so on.

In an embodiment, each outlet of the plurality of blowers 436', 436 "may be connected to the blower inlet of its

corresponding manifold

439, 539 via a conduit. In an embodiment, the conduit may be made of 316 stainless steel. In an embodiment, the conduit may be an 3/8 inch conduit.

In an embodiment, the blower system 534 may further include an air heating system 586. Air heating system 586 includes an air channel plenum 588 and a heater 587 (see fig. 5C). In an embodiment, the air heating system 586 may further include a first temperature gauge 590 to measure the temperature of the inlet air, and/or a second temperature gauge 592 to measure the temperature of the outlet air (see fig. 5B-5C).

In an embodiment, each injection outlet of

conduits

439, 539 may be connected to the inlet of its corresponding injection nozzle 442 via a conduit. In an embodiment, each injection outlet of the

manifolds

The outlets of the plurality of spray nozzles 442', 442 "discharge water droplets into the interior of the

containers

444, 544. The upper or top side of the

container

444, 544 is covered with a demister element 448', 448 "to retain water droplets inside the

container

444, 544. The plurality of defogging elements 448', 448 "are secured to and supported by the

containers

444, 544 in a manner conventional in the art.

At least a portion of the water droplets evaporate to form water vapor. The water vapor passes through the pores in the plurality of demister elements 448', 448 "and exits from the evaporated water outlet 450. Any water that does not evaporate is retained by the plurality of demister elements 448', 448 "and falls into the sump (bottom) of the

container

444, 544.

The evaporated water outlet 450 includes a plurality of outlet apertures (not shown) in the plurality of demister elements 448', 448 ".

The plurality of blowers 436', 436 "may be any suitable blower. The plurality of blowers 436', 436 "may be automatic or manual. The plurality of blowers 436', 436 "may be electric or hydraulic (see fig. 4A-4C). Suitable blowers include, but are not limited to, variable speed blowers. For example, a suitable plurality of blowers 436', 436 "are available from Curtec corporation. In an embodiment, the plurality of blowers 436', 436 "may be variable speed blowers from Curtec corporation that are each capable of achieving a range of about 1k to about 6k CFM. In an embodiment, the plurality of blowers 436', 436 "may be variable speed blowers from Curtec corporation capable of moving a total range of about 1k to about 35k CFM. In an embodiment, the plurality of blowers 436', 436 "may be variable speed blowers from Curtec corporation capable of moving a total range of about 3k to about 18k CFM. In an embodiment, the plurality of blowers 436', 436 "may be variable speed blowers from Curtec corporation capable of moving a total range of about 15k to about 35k CFM.

The plurality of spray nozzles 442', 442 "may be any suitable spray nozzles. Suitable multiple spray nozzles include, but are not limited to, rotary atomizers. For example, a suitable plurality of spray nozzles 442', 442 "may be obtained from Ledebuhr industries, Inc. In an embodiment, the plurality of spray nozzles 442', 442 "are variable speed rotary atomizers from ledebuuhr industries. In an embodiment, the rotary atomizer is capable of high flow rates. In an embodiment, the rotary atomizer has a plurality of spray heads. In an embodiment, the flow rate per spray head of the rotary atomizer can be about 8 Gallons Per Minute (GPM). In an embodiment, the spray head is positioned at a discharge point of the blower. Alternatively, the spray head is positioned inside the container.

The plurality of spray nozzles 442', 442 "may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant material. The plurality of spray nozzles 442', 442 "may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant metal. Suitable corrosion-resistant metals include, but are not limited to: stainless steel,

Alloy, Al,

Alloys, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the plurality of spray nozzles 442', 442 "(spray heads) are made of 316 stainless steel.

The plurality of demister elements 448', 448 "can be any suitable demister element. The plurality of demister elements 448', 448 ″ To be made of any suitable corrosion resistant material. The plurality of demister elements 448', 448 "may be made of a metal or plastic mesh, or a tortuous path chevron plate with baffles. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: stainless steel,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymers. In an embodiment, the plurality of demister elements 448', 448 "may be made of 316 stainless steel.

In an embodiment, the

demister elements

448, 548 can have a thickness of about 4 inches to about 12 inches (and any range or value therebetween). In an embodiment, the

demister elements

448, 548 can be about 4 inches to about 6 inches thick. In an embodiment, the

demister elements

448, 548 may be about 4 feet wide by about 8 feet long.

Selectable shut-off valve

In embodiments, the

systems

400, 500 may further include an optional shut-off

valve

406, 506, and an optional drain shut-off valve (not shown). The shut-off

valves

406, 506 are arranged in

lines

408, 508 which connect the

water inlets

404, 504 to a first inlet of a first three-way valve 416. Optional drain shut-off valves are disposed in lines 454, 554 connecting the outlets of the second three-

way valves

432, 532 to drain

outlets

458, 558.

The shut-off

valves

406, 506 and the drain shut-off valve may be any suitable shut-off valve. The shut-off

valves

406, 506 and the optional drain shut-off valve may be automatic or manual. Suitable shut-off valves include, but are not limited to, ball valves and butterfly valves. Suitable shut-off

valves

406, 506 are available from GF pipe systems, inc. In an embodiment, the shut-off

valves

406, 506 may be Georg Fischer 563 type butterfly valves.

In an embodiment, shut

valves

406, 506 may have 2 inch connections.

Shut-off

valves

406, 506 and optional drain shut-off valve may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant material. The shut-off

valves

406, 506 and optional drain shut-off valve may be made of any suitable corrosion-resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: carbon steel, stainless steel coated with plastics,

Alloy, Al,

Alloys, and combinations thereof; while suitable plastics include, but are not limited to: ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) rubber, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, shut-off valves 406, 506 (wetted parts) may be made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) rubber.

Optional basket strainer

In embodiments, the

systems

400, 500 may further include

basket strainers

424, 524 and optional pressure sensors 425, 525. The inlets of

basket strainers

424, 524 can be fluidly connected to the outlets of

lines

422, 522, and the outlets of

basket strainers

424, 524 can be fluidly connected to the inlets of

lines

426, 526. In an embodiment, first pressure sensor 425 may be fluidly connected to

conduits

422, 522, or inlets of

basket strainers

424, 524.

Basket strainers

424, 524 retain debris in the feedwater to prevent clogging of spray nozzles 442.

Basket strainers

424, 524 may be any suitable basket strainers.

Suitable basket strainers

424, 524 include, but are not limited to, 1/16 inch perforated baskets contained within a single or double housing.

Suitable basket strainers

424, 524 are available from Hayward or Rosedale, for example. In an embodiment,

basket strainers

424, 524 may be 1/16 inch perforated baskets from Hayward or Rosedale, inc.

Basket strainers

424, 524 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant material.

Basket strainers

424, 524 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant metal.

Basket strainers

424, 524 may be any suitable metal or plastic basket strainers. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: stainless steel,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymers, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, basket strainers 424, 524 (baskets) may be made of 316 stainless steel.

Optional pressure sensor 425 may be any suitable pressure sensor. For example, a suitable pressure sensor 425 is available from Rosemount Inc. In an embodiment, pressure sensor 425 may be a Rosemount 2088 absolute and gauge pressure transmitter from Rosemount corporation.

Alternative sensors and meters

In an embodiment, the

system

400, 500 may further include a

first conductivity meter

410, 510, a

first flow meter

412, 512, and/or a hygrometer 414, 514. The

first conductivity meters

410, 510, and flow

meters

412, 512 may be fluidly connected to the

conduits

408, 508. The

first conductivity meter

410, 510 monitors the conductivity of the inlet wastewater or condensed wastewater from the external wastewater source; and the

first flow meters

412, 512 measure the flow rate of the inlet wastewater or condensed water.

The

first conductivity meter

410, 510 may be any suitable conductivity meter. Suitable

first conductivity meters

410, 510 may be obtained, for example, from Mettler-Toledo AG or Advanced Sensor technology Inc (Advanced Sensor Technologies, Inc.). In an embodiment, the

first conductivity meter

410, 510 may be an InPro 7100 series conductivity sensor from mettler-tollgate, inc, that is electrically connected to a multi-parameter transmitter M400 from mettler-tollgate, inc. In AN embodiment, the

first conductivity meter

410, 510 may be a model ASTX-37PP-PT1000-20-TL-1056 annular conductivity sensor from the ASTI electrically connected to a model 1056-01-21-32-AN dual channel transmitter from the ASTI.

The hygrometer 414 is fluidly exposed to ambient air near the system 400. The hygrometer 414 measures the pressure, humidity, and temperature of the ambient air near the system 400.

The hygrometer 414 may be any suitable hygrometer. For example, suitable hygrometers are available from Yankee environmental systems, inc. In an embodiment, the hygrometer 414 may be a metered temperature hygrometer model PTU-2000 from Yankee environmental systems, Inc.

The

first flow meters

412, 512 may be any suitable flow meters. Suitable first flow meters include, but are not limited to: magnetic flowmeters, paddle wheel flowmeters, ultrasonic vortex flowmeters, and plug-in vortex flowmeters. For example, suitable

first flow meters

412, 512 are available from Mettler-Toledo Thornton, Inc. In an embodiment, the

first flow meters

412, 512 may be model 8030 from Mettler-Torlington, Inc. that is electrically connected to a multi-parameter transmitter M400 from Mettler-Torlington, Inc.

In an embodiment,

system

400, 500 may further include a

second conductivity meter

428, 528, and a pH meter 430, 530.

Second conductivity meters

428, 528 may be fluidly connected to

conduits

426, 526; and a pH meter 430 may be fluidly connected to

lines

426, 526. A

second conductivity meter

428, 528 monitors the conductivity of the wastewater; and a pH meter 430 measures the pH of the wastewater.

Second conductivity meter

428, 528 may be any suitable conductivity meter. For example, a suitable

second conductivity meter

428, 528 may be available from Mettler-Toriley Multi-part corporation or advanced sensor technology corporation (ASTI). In an embodiment, the

second conductivity meter

428, 528 may be an InPro 7100 series conductivity sensor from mettler-tollgate, inc, that is electrically connected to the multi-parameter transmitter M400 from mettler-tollgate, inc. In AN embodiment, the

first conductivity meter

410, 510 may be a model ASTX-37PP-PT1000-20-TL-1056 annular conductivity sensor from the ASTI electrically connected to a model 1056-01-21-32-AN dual channel transmitter from the ASTI. In an embodiment,

first conductivity meters

410, 510 and

second conductivity meters

428, 528 may be of the same type.

The pH meter 430 may be any suitable pH meter. For example, a suitable pH meter 430 is available from Mettler-Toriley Multi-part corporation or advanced sensor technology corporation (ASTI). In an embodiment, the pH meter 430 may be an InPro 3300 non-glass electrode for a pH measurement system from mettler-tolllido corporation that is electrically connected to a multi-parameter transmitter M400 from mettler-tolllido corporation. In AN embodiment, the pH meter 430 may be a type PNGR 8951-1000-20-TL-WPB immersion saturated brine resistant pH sensor from ASTI, which is electrically connected to a type 1056-01-21-32-AN dual channel transmitter from ASTI.

In an embodiment, the system 400 may further include a differential pressure sensor 445. The differential pressure sensor 445 measures a pressure drop across the

mist members

448, 548 or the plurality of mist elimination members 448', 448 ".

Differential pressure sensor 445 may be any suitable differential pressure sensor. For example, a suitable differential pressure sensor 445 is available from DeWill instruments, Inc. In an embodiment, differential pressure sensor 445 may be a series 3000 differential pressure gauge from DeWill instruments.

In an embodiment, the

system

400, 500 may further include a second flow meter 456, 556. The second flow meters 456, 556 may be fluidly connected to the conduits 454, 554. The second flow meters 456, 556 measure the flow rate of the discharged waste.

The second flow meters 456, 556 can be any suitable flow meters. Suitable second flow meters include, but are not limited to: magnetic flowmeters, paddle wheel flowmeters, ultrasonic vortex flowmeters, and plug-in vortex flowmeters. For example, suitable second flow meters 456, 556 are available from Mettler-Toriduodun, Inc. In an embodiment, the second flow meters 456, 556 may be model 8030 from Mettler-Torlington, Inc. that is electrically connected to the multi-parameter transmitter M400 from Mettler-Torlington, Inc.

Selectable limit/level switch

In an embodiment, the system 400 may further include a high level switch (not shown) and/or a low level switch (not shown).

The high level switch and the low level switch may be any suitable level switches. For example, high and low level switches are available from Magnetrol industries. In an embodiment, the high and low level switches are C24, C25 boiler and water column level switches from Magnetrol industries, inc.

Optional acid conditioning system

In an embodiment, the system 400 may further include an acid conditioning system 460. The acid conditioning system 460 includes an acid tank 462 and an acid metering pump 466.

The acid may be any suitable acid. Suitable acids include, but are not limited to, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. In an embodiment, the acid may be hydrochloric acid (20 baume degrees). In an embodiment, the acid may be sulfuric acid (98%). In an embodiment, the desired pH of the wastewater is about 6.5 or below to minimize calcium carbonate scaling. In embodiments, the amount of acid solution added varies depending on the inlet water conditions (e.g., pH, alkalinity).

The outlet of the acid tank 462 may be fluidly connected to the inlet of an acid metering pump 466 via a conduit 464; while the outlet of the acid metering pump 466 may be fluidly connected to

lines

422, 522 via conduit 472.

Acid tank 462 may be any suitable acid tank or other bulk chemical storage unit. Suitable acid tanks include, but are not limited to, industry standard shipping tanks. For example, a suitable acid tank 462 is available from International tank export. In an embodiment, the acid tank 462 may be a 275 gallon or 330 gallon industry standard shipping tank.

The acid metering pump 466 can be any suitable acid metering pump. Suitable acid metering pumps include, but are not limited to, peristaltic pumps. For example, suitable acid metering pumps 466 are available from Blue-White Industries, Inc., Cole Palmer Instrument Company, and Washington Malow, Inc. In an embodiment, the acid metering pump 466 may be a self priming peristaltic pump from blue and white industries, inc.

The

conduits

464, 472 may be constructed of any suitable corrosion resistant conduit. The

conduits

464, 472 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: al-6XN alloy,

Alloy, Al,

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer, polyethylene polymerizationPolymers of polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC),

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymers, and combinations thereof. For example,

suitable conduits

464, 472 may be made of

Or PTFE.

In an embodiment, the acid conditioning system 460 may further include an acid flow meter 470. The acid flow meter 470 may be fluidly connected to the conduit 472. The acid flow meter 470 measures the flow rate of the acid solution.

The acid flow meter 470 may be any suitable flow meter. Suitable acid flow meters include, but are not limited to: paddle wheel flowmeters, ultrasonic vortex flowmeters, and plug-in vortex flowmeters. For example, a suitable acid flow meter 470 is available from Proming. In an embodiment, the acid flow meter 470 may be a model DulcoFlow DFMa of purocent, having built-in signal transmission capabilities.

Optional biocide conditioning system

In an embodiment, the system 400 may further include a biocide conditioning system 474. The sterilant conditioning system 474 includes a sterilant tank 476 and a sterilant metering pump 480.

Sterilant tank 476 may be fluidly connected to an inlet of sterilant metering pump 480 via conduit 478; and the outlet of sterilant metering pump 480 may be fluidly connected to lines 422,522 via conduit 482.

Sterilant tank 476 may be any suitable sterilant tank or other bulk chemical storage unit. Suitable sterilant containers include, but are not limited to, industry standard shipping containers. For example, a suitable sterilant tank 476 is available from International tank export. In an embodiment, biocide tank 476 can be a 275 gallon or 330 gallon industry standard shipping tank.

In an alternative embodiment, sterilant enclosure 476 may be replaced by a suitable sterilant producing apparatus (not shown). For example, suitable biocide equipment is available from the company Miox. In an embodiment, the biocide producing device (not shown) may be model AE-8 from Miox corporation.

The sterilant metering pump 480 can be any suitable sterilant metering pump. Suitable biocide dosing pumps include, but are not limited to, peristaltic pumps. For example, suitable sterilant metering pumps 480 are available from blue and white industries, kelparmer instruments, and waldivision. In an embodiment, biocide metering pump 480 can be a self priming peristaltic pump from blue and white industries.

The

conduits

478, 482 may be constructed of any suitable corrosion resistant conduit. The

conduits

478, 482 may be any suitable metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: al-6XN alloy,

Alloy, Al,

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer, polyethylene polymer, and polyPropylene polymers, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymers,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

conduits

478, 482 may be formed of

Or PTFE.

In an embodiment, the sterilant conditioning system 474 may further include a sterilant flow meter 484. A sterilant flow meter 484 may be fluidly connected to conduit 482. The sterilant flow meter 484 measures the flow rate of the sterilant solution.

Sterilant meter 484 can be any suitable meter. Suitable sterilant flow meters include, but are not limited to: paddle wheel flowmeters, ultrasonic vortex flowmeters, and plug-in vortex flowmeters. For example, a suitable sterilant flow meter 484 is available from Proming corporation. In an embodiment, sterilant flow meter 484 may be model dulco flow DFMa of purocent, which has built-in signal transmission capability.

Second alternative embodiment

Fig. 10A to 10C and 11A to 11F show schematic diagrams of a second exemplary system 1000 for jet evaporation of water according to another embodiment of the present invention. The

systems

1000, 1100 include a waste inlet 1004, a pump 1018, a first blower 1042, a first manifold 1028, a drip port 1038, a reservoir 1039, a demister element 1045, and a drain outlet 1076.

In an embodiment, the

system

1000, 1100 is capable of evaporating about 30 to about 100 barrels of wastewater per day (i.e., about 950 to about 3170 gallons per day). In an embodiment, the

system

1000, 1100 is capable of evaporating about 30 to about 60 barrels of wastewater per day (i.e., evaporating about 950 to about 1900 gallons per day). (see fig. 10A to 10B). If higher throughput is desired,

multiple systems

1000, 1100 may be used in parallel to treat wastewater.

The waste inlet 1004 may be any suitable waste inlet capable of handling up to about 40 psi. Suitable waste inlets include, but are not limited to, flange connectors, cam lock fittings, and hammer-type fittings. In an embodiment, the waste water inlet 1004 is a hammer-type union coupling (see fig. 10A-10B). The waste water inlet 1004 permits connection to an external waste water source via the waste water suction header 1002. The water inlet 1004 may be connected to an external source of wastewater via a hose, pipe, or other means commonly used in the art.

Optional pretreatment of Volatile Organic Carbon (VOC) in wastewater

Some sources of wastewater may contain volatile organic compounds, typically measured and reported as Volatile Organic Carbons (VOCs). Due to potential temperature excursions, these VOCs may exceed air emission limits under federal and/or state environmental regulations and/or

system

1000, 1100 limits.

If the VOC content exceeds the air emission limits and/or

system

1000, 1100 limits, pretreatment methods can be used to reduce the VOC to acceptable levels or remove it from the wastewater source upstream of the wastewater inlet 1004.

Any suitable pretreatment method may be used to reduce/remove VOCs in the wastewater. For example, suitable pretreatment methods include, but are not limited to: aeration of the wastewater in a tank, stripping of the wastewater in a packed tower, flowing the wastewater through activated carbon, and combinations thereof.

Inlet system

In an embodiment, the

systems

1000, 1100 may further include a first (feed) shut-off valve 1006, a first (feed) valve 1012, and a second (feed/recycle) valve 1054. The waste water inlet 1004 may be connected to an inlet of a first (feed) stop valve 1006 via a line 1008 a.

The outlet of the first (feed) shut-off valve 1006 may be connected to the inlet of a first (feed) valve 1012 via line 1008 a.

The outlet of the first (feed) valve 1012 may be connected via line 1008b to the inlet of line 1016b or to the inlet of a pump 1018.

The outlet of line 1016b may be connected to the inlet of a pump 1018 (and the outlet of a third (pump supply) valve 1055 may be connected to the inlet of the pump 1018 via line 1016 b).

The outlet of the pump 1018 may be connected to the inlet of a second (feed/recycle) valve 1054 via a line 1020 a.

The outlet of the second (feed/recycle) valve 1054 may be connected to the inlet of the first manifold 1028 or the trickle system 1034 via lines 1026a/1026 b.

In an embodiment, the

system

1000, 1100 may further comprise a first (feed) shut-off valve 1006. The (feed) shut-off valve 1006 may be any suitable shut-off valve. Suitable first (feed) shutoff valves 1006 include, but are not limited to, ball valves and butterfly valves. For example, a suitable first (feed) stop valve 1006 is available from GF pipe systems, inc. In an embodiment, the first (feed) stop valve 1006 may be a GF pipe system 546 type ball valve from GF pipe system company. In an embodiment, the first (feed) shut-off valve 1006 may be automatic or manual. In an embodiment, the first (feed) shut-off valve 1006 may be normally closed.

In an embodiment, the first (feed) shut-off valve 1006 may have a 2 inch connection.

In an embodiment, the

systems

1000, 1100 may further include a first (feed) valve 1012 and a second (feed/recycle) valve 1054. The first (feed) valve 1012 and the second (feed/recycle) valve 1054 may be any suitable switching valves. Suitable first (feed) and second (feed/recycle)

valves

1012, 1054 include, but are not limited to, ball valves. For example, suitable first (feed) valve 1012 and second (feed/recycle) valve 1054 are available from GF pipe systems, inc. In an embodiment, the first (feed) valve 1012 and the second (feed/recycle) valve 1054 may be electrically actuated ball valves of the GF pipe system 546 type from GF pipe system company. In an embodiment, the first (feed) valve 1012 and the second (feed/recycle) valve 1054 may be automatic or manual. In an embodiment, the first (feed) valve 1012 and the second (feed/recycle) valve 1054 may be electrically or pneumatically actuated. In an embodiment, the first (feed) valve 1012 and the second (feed/recycle) valve 1054 may be normally closed.

In an embodiment, the first (feed) valve 1012 and the second (feed/recycle) valve 1054 may have 2 inch connections.

The first (feed) shut-off valve 1006, the first (feed) valve 1012, and the second (feed/recycle) valve 1054 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant material. The first (feed) shut-off valve 1006, the first (feed) valve 1012, and the second (feed/recycle) valve 1054 may be made of any suitable corrosion-resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: carbon steel, stainless steel coated with plastics,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymers, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the first (feed) shut-off valve 1006, the first (feed) valve 1012, and the second (feed/recycle) valve 1054 (wetted parts) may be made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) rubber.

In an embodiment, the

systems

1000, 1100 may further comprise an optional first limit switch (not shown) and an optional second limit switch (not shown). (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 113& 114). In an embodiment, the first limit switch confirms that the first (feed) valve 1012 is open; while the second limit switch confirms that the first (feed) valve 1012 is closed.

In an embodiment, the

systems

1000, 1100 may further include an optional third limit switch (not shown) and an optional fourth limit switch (not shown). (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 113& 114). In an embodiment, the third limit switch confirms that the second (feed/recycle) valve 1054 is open; and the fourth limit switch confirms that the second (feed/recycle) valve 1054 is closed.

The pump 1018 may be any suitable pump. Suitable pumps 1018 include, but are not limited to, centrifugal pumps. For example, a suitable pump 1018 is available from MP pump company. In an embodiment, the pump 1018 may be from MP pumps, Inc

Self-priming centrifugal pump. In an embodiment, the pump 1018 may be an about 1 to about 3HP centrifugal pump. In an embodiment, the pump 1018 may be an approximately 1.5HP variable speed pump.

In an embodiment, the pump 1018 may have a 2 inch connection.

The pump 1018 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant material. The pump 1018 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: cast iron, stainless steel, super duplex stainless steel, Al-6XN alloy, Ni-Al-Brz alloy,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymers, and combinations thereof. For example, the pump 1018 (wetted parts) may be made of stainless steel, super duplex stainless steel, AL-6XN alloy, Ni-Al-Brz alloy, stainless steel,

alloy, Al,

Alloy, or FRD. In an embodiment, the pump 1018 (including the internal wetted components) is made of 316 stainless steel. In an embodiment, the pump 1018 may be made of cast iron if a shorter service life is acceptable.

The

conduits

1008a, 1008b, 1016a, 1016b, 1020a, 1026b may be formed from any suitable corrosion protection conduit. The

conduits

1008a, 1008b, 1016a, 1016b, 1020a, 1026b may be any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: carbon steel coated with plastics, stainless steel, super duplex stainless steel, Al-6XN alloy, Ni-Al-Brz alloy,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

conduits

1008a, 1008b, 1016a, 1016b, 1020a, 1026b may be made of carbon steel coated with plastic. In an embodiment, the

conduits

1008a, 1008b, 1016a, 1016b, 1020a, 1026b may be made of carbon steel coated with plate 7159 HAR. In an embodiment, the

conduits

1008a, 1008b, 1016a, 1016b, 1020a, 1026b may be made of 316 stainless steel.

In an embodiment, the

conduits

1008a, 1008b, 1016a, 1016b, 1020a, 1026b may be 2 inch conduits.

Container and defogging element

In an embodiment, the

system

1000, 1100 may further comprise a container 1039 and a defogging element 1045.

The container 1039 can be any suitable container. The container 1039 may be mobile or stationary. Suitable containers 1039 include, but are not limited to, a tank (see fig. 10A-10B). In embodiments, the container 1039 may be an upright cylinder sealed to a plate or sled. In an embodiment, the container 1039 may be a culvert sealed to a plate or skid (discussed below).

In embodiments, the container 1039 can be any suitable size (e.g., diameter and height).

In embodiments, the container 1039 can be any suitable diameter. For example, suitable diameters may be about 4 feet to about 15 feet and any range or value therebetween. In an embodiment, the diameter may be about 4 feet.

In embodiments, the container 1039 may be any suitable height. For example, a suitable height may be about 8 feet to about 12 feet and any range or value therebetween. In an embodiment, the height may be about 12 feet.

In an embodiment, the upper portion of the container 1039 may be lowered and/or removed to reduce the ride height to a maximum of about 12 feet.

Alternatively, the container 1039 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant material. The container 1039 may be made of coated metal, corrosion resistant metal, or plastic. Suitable coated metals include, but are not limited to: coated with epoxyCarbon steel of resin, carbon steel coated with plastic, and combinations thereof; suitable corrosion-resistant metals include, but are not limited to: stainless steel,

Alloy, Al,

Alloys, and combinations thereof; while suitable plastics include, but are not limited to: polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and combinations thereof. In embodiments, the container 1039 may be made of carbon steel coated with epoxy and/or carbon steel coated with plastic. In an embodiment, the container 1039 may be made of carbon steel coated with plate 7159 HAR.

The container 1039 can be any suitable shape. Suitable shapes include, but are not limited to: cylindrical, cubic, cuboid, prismatic, pyramidal, spherical, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the container 1039 may be generally cylindrical in shape.

The defogging element 1045 may be any suitable defogging element. Suitable demister elements 1045 include, but are not limited to, cross-flow honeycomb-type drift eliminators (see fig. 2A-2F). For example, a suitable defogging element 1045 may be available from boli house industries, inc. In one embodiment, the defogging element 1045 may be Accu-

A cross-flow honeycomb type drift eliminator.

Alternatively, the defogging element 1045 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant material. The defogging element 1045 may be any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. The defogging element 1045 may be made of a metal or plastic mesh, or a serpentine shaped plate with baffles. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: stainless steel,

Alloy, Al,

Alloy, Al,And combinations thereof; suitable plastic webs include, but are not limited to: chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) polymers, glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP),

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymers. In an embodiment, the defogging element 1045 may be made of 316 stainless steel. In an embodiment, the defogging element 1045 may be made of PVC.

The defogging elements 1045 may be any shape suitable for covering the upper and/or side portions of the container 1039. Suitable shapes include, but are not limited to: cylindrical, cubic, cuboid, prismatic, pyramidal, spherical, and portions and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the defogging element 1045 (e.g., upper portion) may be cylindrical, cuboid shaped having a diameter of about 2 feet to about 16 feet and a thickness of about 4 inches to about 12 inches (and any range or value therebetween).

As shown in fig. 10A-10B, the defogging elements 1045 form an upper portion of the cylindrical shape of the container 1039. In an embodiment, the defogging element 1045 (e.g., upper portion) may be a cylindrical shape having a diameter of about 4 feet to about 16 feet and a thickness of about 4 inches to about 12 inches (and any range or value therebetween).

In an embodiment, the defogging elements 1045 (e.g., side portions) may be rectangular parallelepiped shapes that are about 2 feet wide by about 13 feet long and about 6 inches to about 12 inches thick (and any range or value therebetween). In an embodiment, the defogging elements 1045 (e.g., side portions) may be rectangular parallelepiped shapes that are about 2 feet wide by about 51 feet long and about 4 inches to about 12 inches thick (and any range or value therebetween).

The evaporated water outlet 1046 includes a plurality of outlet apertures (not shown) in the demister element 1045.

During normal operation, the evaporated water (i.e., humidified air) may be discharged into the ambient (i.e., air) through the evaporated water outlet 1046 in the defogging element 1045.

Alternatively, the evaporated water (i.e., humidified air) from the evaporated water outlet 1046 in the defogging element 1045 may be collected and condensed for use in drilling or completion operations, or collected and discharged to the surrounding environment (e.g., pond) provided the condensed water meets environmental discharge limits.

In an embodiment, the evaporated water (i.e., humidified air) from the evaporated water outlet 1046 in the defogging element 1045 may be collected in the low pressure tube. In an embodiment, the evaporated water (i.e., humidified air) from the evaporated water outlet 1046 in the defogging element 1045 may be collected in the low pressure tubes and condensed therein. In an embodiment, a portion of the tube may be cooled and/or chilled. In an embodiment, a portion of the tube may be cooled and/or chilled to a temperature equal to or below the dew point temperature of water vapor at the tube pressure.

In embodiments, the evaporative water (i.e., humidified air) recirculation method may be any suitable condensate or water recirculation method. For example, suitable evaporative water recirculation methods include, but are not limited to: the evaporated water is recirculated by condensing it on a cooled or chilled surface having a temperature at or below the dew point temperature of the water vapor at the line pressure.

In embodiments, the

system

1000, 1100 can further comprise a container 1039 comprising a sump (bottom) of the container 1039.

In an embodiment, the

system

1000, 1100 can further include a first sacrificial anode (not shown) and a second sacrificial anode (not shown) for galvanic cathodic (corrosion) protection of the container 1039. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 197& 198). The first and second sacrificial anodes may be disposed in a well (bottom) of the container 1039.

The first sacrificial anode (not shown) and the second sacrificial anode (not shown) may be made of any suitable electroplating anode material. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 197& 198). For example, suitable electroplating anode materials include, but are not limited to, aluminum, magnesium, and zinc. In an embodiment, the first and second sacrificial anodes may be made of aluminum and/or zinc.

Optional post-discharge diffuser and heater

Under certain conditions, the evaporated water (i.e., humidified air) exiting the

system

1000, 1100 may condense during cold weather conditions, thereby creating a visible plume of water vapor.

In an embodiment, the evaporated water (i.e., humidified air) may be heated (to raise the temperature of the evaporated water above the dew point) upstream of the evaporated water outlet 1046 in the defogging element 1045. In an embodiment, the evaporated water (i.e., humidified air) may be heated via the addition of preheated air upstream of the evaporated water outlet 1046 in the defogging element 1045.

In an embodiment, the evaporated water (i.e., humidified air) may be heated (to raise the temperature of the evaporated water above the dew point) downstream of the evaporated water outlet 1046 in the defogging element 1045. In an embodiment, the evaporated water (i.e., humidified air) may be heated via the addition of preheated air downstream of the evaporated water outlet 1046 in the defogging element 1045.

In embodiments, the

systems

1000, 1100 may further comprise a conduit through which preheated air from the air preheater 1043 is directed to the container 1039. In an embodiment, the

system

1000, 1100 further comprises a conduit via which preheated air from the air preheater 1043 is directed into the reservoir 1039 at or near the evaporated water outlet 1046 in the demister element 1045.

Alternative skid

In an embodiment, the

system

1000, 1100 may further comprise a skid 110018. (see, for example, fig. 11A to 11F). The

systems

1000, 1100 may be built on skids 110018 designed to enable quick, safe loading, transportation, and unloading of equipment in factories and the field. In an embodiment, skids 110018 may use an integral forklift slot (forklifts) to enable safe handling by a forklift and skids 110018 are strong enough to sit directly on the ground for retrofit after unloading from a trailer or truck. This enables fast and safe loading and unloading with minimal equipment (e.g., a forklift or winch as is common in oil fields).

In various embodiments, sled 110018 may include the following features: such as

Structural support of process piping and equipment;

grids for safe all-weather walking and access equipment;

vibration isolation of generators and other process equipment;

masts of satellite, radio or cellular signal equipment;

structural support of electrical controls and instrumentation.

In embodiments, the systems 1000, 1100 (including the sled 110018) may be any suitable size (i.e., height, length, and width).

In embodiments, the systems 1000, 1100 (including the container 1039) can be any suitable height. For example, suitable heights may be up to about 12 feet or even higher and any range or value therebetween. In an embodiment, the height may be about 12 feet.

In embodiments, an upper portion of the system 1000, 1100 (including the container 1039) may be lowered and/or removed to enhance portability. In an embodiment, the upper portion of the system 1000, 1100 (including the container 1039) may be lowered and/or removed to reduce the ride height to a maximum of about 12 feet. A height of up to about 12 feet allows the

system

1000, 1100 to move under most "low clearance" bridges and overpasses, thereby avoiding alternative time consuming routes around low clearance bridges and overpasses. Additionally, a height of up to about 12 feet allows the

systems

1000, 1100 to move on most roads without permit, thereby reducing transportation costs and enabling the

systems

1000, 1100 to reach areas where licensed loads cannot reach. The ability to reduce and/or remove the upper portion of the system 1000, 1100 (including the container 1039) reduces the ride height of the

system

1000, 1100 below the required allowable height.

In embodiments, the

systems

1000, 1100 may be any suitable length. For example, a suitable length may be up to about 12 feet and any range or value therebetween. In an embodiment, the length of the

systems

1000, 1100 may be 12 feet.

In embodiments, the

systems

1000, 1100 may be of any suitable width. For example, suitable widths may be up to about 8 feet six inches and any range or value therebetween. In an embodiment, the width may be about 8 feet six inches.

A width of up to about 8 feet 6 inches allows the

system

1000, 1100 to reach areas where licensed loads cannot reach.

The skid may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant material. The skid may be made of coated metal or corrosion resistant metal. Suitable coated metals include, but are not limited to: epoxy coated carbon steel, plastic coated carbon steel, and combinations thereof; suitable corrosion-resistant metals include, but are not limited to: stainless steel, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the skid may be made of carbon steel coated with epoxy and/or carbon steel coated with plastic.

Alternative trailers or trucks

In embodiments, the

systems

1000, 1100 may further include skids 110018 mounted on or removably secured to a trailer or truck.

Optional integrated enclosure

In an embodiment, the

system

1000, 1100 may further comprise a skid 110018. System 1000 may be built on skids 110018 designed to enable quick, safe loading, transportation, and unloading of equipment in factories and the field. In an embodiment, skids 110018 may use integrated forklift slots to enable safe handling by a forklift and skids 110018 are strong enough to sit directly on the ground for retrofit after unloading from a trailer or truck. This enables fast and safe loading and unloading with minimal equipment (e.g., a forklift or winch as is common in oil fields).

For many installations, federal and/or state environmental regulations require leak-proof enclosures to prevent potential contamination of soil, streams or other bodies of water in the event of a leak or malfunction. The size of the leak-proof enclosure must be able to accommodate all process effluents plus a safety factor. Common containment methods include earth embankments, waterproofing membranes, and impermeable clay liners. These methods have a number of disadvantages, including high capital costs, equipment or cave dwelling animals that may damage the enclosure, and excavation and lining that may damage the ground.

In an embodiment, the

systems

1000, 1100 may further include an integrated containment system 110020 including a skid 110018 surrounded by a liner 110022. In an embodiment, the

systems

1000, 1100 may further include an integrated enclosure system 110020 including a skid 110018 surrounded by a factory installed liner 110022.

Liner 110022 may be any suitable corrosion resistant material. Liner 110022 may be made of any coated metal, or any corrosion resistant metal or plastic. Suitable coated metals include, but are not limited to: carbon steel coated with epoxy resin, carbon steel coated with glass fiber, carbon steel coated with plastic, and combinations thereof; suitable corrosion-resistant metals include, but are not limited to: stainless steel, and combinations thereof; and suitable plastics include, but are not limited to: chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) polymers, glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP),

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymers, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, liner 110022 may be made of carbon steel coated with epoxy and/or carbon steel coated with plastic. In an embodiment, liner 110022 may be made of fiberglass. In an embodiment, liner 110022 may be made of carbon steel coated with glass fibers.

Once installed, liner 110022 will inevitably retain not only process wastewater but also rain water and snow melt. Since rain and snow melt is collected within liner 110022, the rain and snow melt must be treated as process wastewater.

In an embodiment, the

systems

1000, 1100 may further comprise a draw line.

The inlet of the withdrawal line is arranged in the liner.

An outlet of the extraction line may be fluidly connected to an inlet of a pump 1018 to extract accumulated water from the liner into the

system

1000, 1100 for evaporation.

An outlet of the extraction line can be fluidly connected to an inlet of the vessel 1039 to extract accumulated water from the liner into the

system

1000, 1100 for evaporation.

Such rain and snow melts are typically low in dissolved and suspended solids, thus allowing for very high evaporation rates. The ability to use the

systems

1000, 1100 to hold water and evaporate the water represents a significant benefit in terms of cost, reliability, and environmental impact.

Recirculation system

In an embodiment, the

systems

1000, 1100 may further include a third (pump supply) valve 1055, and a draw line 1055 a.

The inlet of the third (pump supply) valve 1055 can be fluidly connected to the draw line 1055a at a first elevation of the vessel 1039 via line 1016a, and/or a first (recycle) outlet of the vessel 1039.

The inlet of the draw line 1055a is fluidly disposed in the sump (bottom) of the vessel 1039.

The outlet of the draw line 1055a can be fluidly connected to a first (recycle) outlet of the vessel 1039 at a first elevation of the vessel 1039. In embodiments, the first height of the container 1039 can be about 6 inches to about 4 feet (and any range or value therebetween). In embodiments, the first height of the container 1039 can be about 6 inches to about 1 foot.

The outlet of the third (pump supply) valve 1055 may be connected to the inlet of a pump 1018 via line 1016 b.

A second (feed/recycle) valve 1054 may be connected to the inlet of the first manifold 1028 or the trickle system 1034 via line 10126a/1026 b.

In an embodiment, the

system

1000, 1100 may further comprise a third (pump supply) valve 1055. The third (pump supply) valve 1055 may be any suitable switching valve. Suitable third (pump supply) valves 1055 include, but are not limited to, ball valves. For example, a suitable third (pump supply) valve 1055 is available from GF piping systems, inc. In an embodiment, the third (pump supply) valve 1055 may be an electrically actuated ball valve of the GF tubing system 546 type from GF tubing systems, inc. In an embodiment, the third (pump supply) valve 1055 may be automatic or manual. In embodiments, the third (pump supply) valve 1055 may be electrically or pneumatically actuated. In an embodiment, the third (pump supply) valve 1055 may be normally closed.

In an embodiment, the third (pump supply) valve 1055 may have a 2 inch connection.

The third (pump supply) valve 1055 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant material. The third (pump supply) valve 1055 can be made of any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: carbon steel, stainless steel coated with plastics,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymers, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the third (pump supply) valve 1055 (wetted part) may be made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) rubber.

In an embodiment, the

systems

1000, 1100 may further include an optional fifth limit switch (not shown) and an optional sixth limit switch (not shown). (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 113& 114). In an embodiment, the fifth limit switch confirms that the third (pump supply) valve 1055 is open; and the sixth limit switch confirms that the third (pump supply) valve 1055 is closed.

In an embodiment, the pump 1018 may have a 2 inch connection.

The pump 1018 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant material. The pump 1018 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: casting ofIron, stainless steel, super duplex stainless steel, Al-6XN alloy, Ni-Al-Brz alloy,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

alloy, Al,

The

conduits

1016a, 1016b, 1020a, 1026b may be formed from any suitable corrosion protection conduit. The

conduits

1016a, 1016b, 1020a, 1026b may be any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: carbon steel coated with plastics, stainless steel, super duplex stainless steel, Al-6XN alloy, Ni-Al-Brz alloy,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

conduits

1016a, 1016b, 1020a, 1026b may be made of carbon steel coated with plastic. In an embodiment, the

conduits

1016a, 1016b, 1020a, 1026b may be made of carbon steel coated with plate 7159 HAR. In an embodiment, the

conduits

1008a, 1008b, 1016a, 1016b, 1020a, 1026b may be made of 316 stainless steel.

In an embodiment, the

conduits

1016a, 1016b, 1020a, 1026b may be 2 inch conduits.

Flow indicator or flowmeter

In an embodiment, the

system

1000, 1100 may further comprise a first flow indicator or flow meter 1022a and a second flow indicator or flow meter 1022 b.

The outlet of the first (feed) valve 1012 may be connected to the inlet of a first flow indicator or flow meter 1022a via line 1008 b.

The outlet of the first flow indicator or meter 1022a can be connected to the inlet of line 1016a or the inlet of pump 1018 via line 1008 b.

The outlet of the second (feed/recycle) valve 1054 can be connected to the inlet of a second flow indicator or flow meter 1022b via line 1026 a.

An outlet of the second flow indicator or meter 1022b may be fluidly connected to an inlet of the first manifold 1028 or the trickle system 1034 via a line 1026 b.

The first and second flow indicators or flow

meters

1022, 1022b can be any suitable flow indicator or flow meter. Suitable first and second flow indicators or flow

meters

1022a and 1022b include, but are not limited to: magnetic flowmeters, paddle wheel flowmeters, ultrasonic vortex flowmeters, and plug-in vortex flowmeters. Suitable first and second flow indicators or flow

meters

1022a and 1022b are available from georgil fisher seal, inc. In an embodiment, the first and second flow indicators or flow

meters

1022a and 1022b may be the Signet2536 rotor-X paddle wheel flow sensors from geohrschill-schel. In an embodiment, the first flow indicator or flow meter 1022a and the second flow indicator or flow meter 1022b can be electrically connected to the PLC or computing device 600.

The

conduits

1008b, 1016a, 1026b may be formed from any suitable corrosion protection conduit. The

conduits

100b, 1016a, 1026b may be any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: carbon steel coated with plastics, stainless steel, super duplex stainless steel, Al-6XN alloy, Ni-Al-Brz alloy,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

conduits

1008b, 1016a, 1026b may be made of carbon steel coated with plastic. In an embodiment, the

conduits

1008b, 1016a, 1026b may be made of carbon steel coated with plate 7159 HAR. In an embodiment, the

conduits

1008b, 1016a, 1026b may be made of 316 stainless steel.

In an embodiment, the

conduits

1008b, 1016a, 1026b may be 2 inch conduits.

Optional basket strainer

In an embodiment, the

system

1000, 1100 may further comprise a basket strainer (not shown) and an optional first pressure sensor (not shown). (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 124). An inlet of a basket strainer (not shown) may be fluidly connected to the outlet of the line 1026a, and an outlet of the basket strainer (not shown) may be fluidly connected to the inlet of the line 1026 a. The basket strainer retains debris in the feedwater to prevent clogging of the weep holes 1038. Obstructions in the basket strainer may be detected via a first flow indicator or reduced feed rate at the flow meter 1022.

The basket strainer (not shown) may be any suitable basket strainer and may comprise a reusable or disposable mesh or synthetic fiber bag. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 124). Suitable basket strainers include, but are not limited to, 1/8 inch perforated baskets contained within a single or double housing. Suitable basket strainers are available from, for example, Hayward or Rosedale corporation. In an embodiment, the basket strainer may be an 1/8 inch perforated basket from Hayward or Rosedale corporation.

The basket strainer (not shown) may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant material. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 124). The basket strainer may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. The basket type coarse filter can be anySuitable are metal or plastic basket strainers. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: stainless steel,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymers, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the basket strainer (basket) may be made of 316 stainless steel.

In an embodiment, an optional first pressure sensor (not shown) may be fluidly connected to the conduit 1026a or to an inlet of a basket strainer (not shown). (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 124). Obstructions in the basket strainer may also be detected via a first pressure increase at an optional pressure sensor (not shown).

The optional first pressure sensor (not shown) may be any suitable pressure sensor. For example, a suitable first pressure sensor is available from Rosemount, inc. In an embodiment, the first pressure sensor may be a Rosemount 2088 absolute and gauge pressure transmitter from Rosemount corporation.

The outlet of pump 1018 may be connected to the inlet of a basket strainer (not shown) via lines 1020a/1026 a. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 124). The outlet of the basket strainer (not shown) may be connected to the trickle system 1034 or the inlet of the trickle holes 1038 via

lines

1020b, 1026a, 1026 b. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 124).

The

conduits

1020a, 1026a may be formed from any suitable corrosion protection conduit. The

conduits

1020a, 1026a may be any suitable metal or plastic conduit. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: carbon steel coated with plastics, stainless steel, super duplex stainless steel, Al-6XN alloy, Ni-Al-Brz alloy,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

conduits

1020a, 1026a may be made of carbon steel coated with plastic. In an embodiment, the

conduits

1020a, 1026a may be made of carbon steel coated with plate 7159 HAR. In an embodiment, the

conduits

1020a, 1026a may be made of 316 stainless steel.

In an embodiment, the

conduits

1020a, 1026a may be 2 inch conduits.

Drip system

In an embodiment, the

systems

1000, 1100 may further include a first manifold 1028 and a trickle system 1034.

The outlet of the second (feed/recycle) valve 1054 may be connected to the first manifold 1028, the inlet of the trickle system 1034, and/or a second (manifold) inlet to the vessel 1039 via lines 1020a/1026a/1026b at a second elevation of the vessel 1039. In embodiments, the second height of the container 1039 can be about 8 feet to about 12 feet (and any range or value therebetween). In embodiments, the second height of the container 1039 can be about 9 to about 10 feet.

An outlet of first manifold 1028 may be connected to an inlet of drip system 1034. In an embodiment, the drip system 1034 includes a drip manifold 1036 and drip holes 1038, wherein the drip holes 1038 may be connected to or integral with an outlet of the drip manifold 1036. In an embodiment, drip system 1034 is disposed inside container 1039.

The outlet of the drip holes 1038 discharges waste water droplets and/or water droplets into the interior of the container 1039. The upper portion or top side of the container 1039 is capped with a demister element 1045 to retain the waste water droplets and/or water droplets inside the container 1039. In embodiments, the side portions of the container 1039 may also be capped with demister elements 1045 to retain waste water droplets and/or water droplets inside the container 1039. The defogging element 1045 is secured to and supported by the container 1039 in a manner conventional in the art.

At least a portion of the waste water droplets and/or water droplets evaporate to form water vapor. The water vapor passes through the demister element 1045 and exits through the evaporated water outlet 1046. Any water that does not evaporate is retained by the demister element 1045 and falls into the sump (bottom) of the container 1039.

In an embodiment, the drip system 1034 includes a drip manifold 1036 and a plurality of drip holes 1038 ', 1038 ", wherein each of the plurality of drip holes 1038', 1038" can be connected to or integral with an outlet of the drip manifold 1036. The outlet of the plurality of drip holes 1038' 1038 "discharges waste water droplets and/or water droplets into the interior of the container 1039. The upper or top side of the container 1039 is covered with a plurality of demister elements 1045', 1045 "to retain the waste water droplets and/or water droplets inside the container 1039. In an embodiment, the side portions of the container 1039 are also capped with demister elements 1045 to retain the waste water droplets and/or water droplets inside the container 1039. The plurality of defogging elements 1045', 1045 "are secured to and supported by the container 1039 in a manner conventional in the art.

At least a portion of the waste water droplets and/or water droplets evaporate to form water vapor. The water vapor passes through the apertures (tortuous paths) in the plurality of demister elements 1045', 1045 "and exits from the evaporated water outlet 1046. Any water that is not evaporated is retained by the plurality of demister elements 1045', 1045 "and falls into the sump (bottom) of the container 1039.

The evaporated water outlet 1046 comprises a plurality of outlet apertures (not shown) in the plurality of demister elements 1045', 1045 ".

The drip port 1038 can be any suitable drip port. In an embodiment, the drip holes 1038 are disposed within the container 1039.

The weep holes 1038 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant material. The weep holes 1038 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: brass, cobalt alloy 6, Reaction Bonded Silicon Carbide (RBSC) ceramic, stainless steel,

Alloy, Al,

Alloys, and combinations thereof; while suitable plastics include, but are not limited to, polypropylene, Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the drip holes 1038 (wetted parts) may be made of PVC.

Mist catching system

In an embodiment, the

system

1000, 1100 can further comprise a mist capture system 1044 and a container 1039. In an embodiment, the mist trap system 1044 includes a plurality of defogging elements 1045', 1045 ", and a container 1039.

Evaporation system

In an embodiment, the

systems

1000, 1100 may further include an evaporation system 1056.

The performance of the vaporization system 1056 is primarily affected by two factors: the evaporation rate (in barrels per day) at which water is evaporated and the discharge rate (in tons per year) at which particulate contamination is discharged. The evaporation rate is central to the function of the evaporation system 1058, 1064. For a given capital and energy input, the more water evaporated, the more value created.

The discharge rate is central to the ability to obtain a license to install and manipulate the

system

1000, 1100. Wastewater typically contains dissolved and suspended solids. The emissions of these substances are regulated by federal and state agencies. The ability to obtain a license is based on a proven performance of the

system

1000, 1100 in its ability to limit the discharge of dissolved and suspended solids.

The techniques of

systems

1000, 1100 represent significant improvements in two performance aspects: evaporation rate and discharge rate.

In embodiments, the

systems

1000, 1100 can further include a vaporization system 1056 that includes a packing system 1058 and/or a tray system 1064 (discussed below).

The

systems

1000, 1100 provide improved vaporization performance using the packing system 1058 and/or tray system 1064 (discussed below), the recirculation system (discussed above), and the blower and preheater system 1041 (discussed below) when compared to the plurality of

injection nozzles

138, 23, 338, 442, 542 in the large

horizontal vessel

139, 239, 339, 444, 544 (discussed above). This improved performance results from a more efficient evaporation mechanism. The

systems

1000, 1100 use a vertical cascade of water through porous packing 1062 to achieve efficient conversion of water from the liquid phase to the vapor phase. Thus, the

systems

1000, 1100 discharge the evaporated water (i.e., humidified air) through the evaporated water outlet 1046 in the demisting element 1045 to the ambient environment (i.e., air) at or near the saturation level at the temperature of the blower and preheater system 1041 and the pressure of the

systems

1000, 1100 representing the peak in process efficiency.

The use of a vertical cascade of water and porous packing 1062 in the

systems

1000, 1100 provides additional benefits in terms of particle discharge. Particulate emissions may include dissolved solids (e.g., salts) and suspended solids (e.g., certain minerals). The vertical cascade of water reduces the formation of dry particles and the porous packing 1062 transfers the evaporation sites from the airborne water droplets to the surface of the porous packing 1062. A wide variety of fillers 1062 are available having different size, shape, and performance characteristics. The packing 1062 of the

systems

1000, 1100 is selected to maximize evaporation and saturate the air stream with water vapor while limiting contaminants in the air stream.

Packing system and/or tray system

In embodiments, the

systems

1000, 1100 may further include a packing system 1058 and/or a tray system 1064.

In an embodiment, the packing system 1058 includes a perforated tray 1060 mounted at the third height of the vessel 1039, and packing 1062 from the third height of the vessel 1039 to the fourth height of the vessel 1039. In embodiments, the third height of the container 1039 can be about 4 feet to about 8 feet (and any range or value therebetween). In an embodiment, the third height of the container 1039 may be about 6 feet.

In embodiments, the fourth height of the container 1039 can be about 5 feet to about 11 feet (and any range or value therebetween). In an embodiment, the fourth height of the container 1039 may be about 9 feet.

Perforated tray 1060 can be any suitable perforated tray. For example, suitable perforated trays 1060 include, but are not limited to, grills and nets. Perforated tray 1060 can be made of any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: stainless steel,

Alloy, Al,

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymers, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymers, polyethylene polymers, polypropylene polymers, polyethylene-vinyl-Polymer (PVC) polymers, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymers, polyethylene polymers, polypropylene polymers, polyethylene polymers, polypropylene polymers, polyethylene polymers, polypropylene polymers, and polymers,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymerizationAn object, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the perforated tray 1060 may be made of 316 stainless steel.

A wide variety of fillers 1062 are available having different size, shape, and performance characteristics. The packing 1062 provides a large surface area for the flowing water to interact with the heated air with minimal flow restriction to maximize evaporation while saturating the air flow with water vapor. Packing 1062 is selected to maximize evaporation (i.e., saturate the air stream with water vapor) while limiting contaminants in the air stream.

Filler 1062 may be any suitable filler. For example, suitable packing 1062 includes, but is not limited to, random packing, structured packing, and combinations thereof.

The packing 1062 should be made of a material that is relatively inert to the flowing water. The packing 1062 may be made of any suitable ceramic material, corrosion-resistant metal, plastic, and combinations thereof. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: stainless steel,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymers, and combinations thereof.

In embodiments, the filler 1062 may be made of ceramic, corrosion-resistant metal, plastic, and combinations thereof. For example, the filler 1062 may be made of ceramic and/or metal if the air temperature exceeds the temperature limit of the plastic.

In an embodiment, the filler 1062 may be made of different materials (e.g., ceramic, plastic, stainless steel, etc.) to improve performance at high temperatures.

In an embodiment, the filler 1062 may be a random filler. In embodiments, the packing 1062 may be a random packing made of ceramic, corrosion-resistant metal, plastic, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the filler 1062 may be composed of

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymer random packing. In an embodiment, the filler 1062 may be Koch-Glitch

And (3) random packing.

In an embodiment, the packing 1062 may be structured packing. In embodiments, the packing 1062 may be structured packing made of metal, plastic, and combinations thereof. In embodiments, padding 1062 may be made of corrugated metal, corrugated plastic, and combinations thereof. In embodiments, padding 1062 may be made of mesh plastic, mesh metal, and combinations thereof. In embodiments, the packing 1062 may be made of solid plastic, solid metal, and combinations thereof.

In embodiments, the packing 1062 may be loose-fill packing, cartridge packing, or another containerized form of packing. In embodiments, the packing 1062 may be a cartridge packing or another containerized form of packing that is easily removed for cleaning.

In an embodiment, the tray system 1064 includes a first cascaded tray 1066 mounted at a fifth height of the container 1039 and a second cascaded tray 1068 mounted at a sixth height of the container 1039 and offset from the first cascaded tray 1066 such that the waste water droplets and/or water droplets are transferred from the first cascaded tray 1066 to the second cascaded tray 1068. In embodiments, the fifth height of the container 1039 can be about 5 feet to about 11 feet (and any range or value therebetween). In an embodiment, the fifth height of the container 1039 may be about 9 feet.

In an embodiment, the sixth height of the container 1039 can be about 4 feet to about 10 feet (and any range or value therebetween). In an embodiment, the sixth height of the container 1039 can be about 8 feet to about 9 feet.

First cascaded tray 1066 and second cascaded tray 1068 may be any suitable cascaded trays. For example, suitable first cascaded trays 1066 and second cascaded trays 1068 include, but are not limited to, evaporative trays, and sieve trays, and combinations thereof. First cascaded tray 1066 and second cascaded tray 1068 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: stainless steel,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymers, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, first cascaded tray 1066 and second cascaded tray 1068 may be made of 316 stainless steel.

In an embodiment, the

system

1000, 1100 may further comprise a first differential pressure switch 1053. Differential pressure switch 1053 measures the pressure drop across packing system 1058 and/or tray system 1064. If the first differential pressure switch 1053 is activated, the packing system 1058 and/or the tray system 1064 may become clogged due to flooding or fouling. In an embodiment, the first differential pressure switch 148 may be set to about 0.4 inches of water.

The differential pressure switch 1053 can be any suitable differential pressure sensor. For example, a suitable differential pressure switch 1053 is available from DeWill instruments, Inc. In an embodiment, the differential pressure switch 1053 may be a series 3000 differential pressure gauge from DeWill instruments. In an embodiment, the first differential pressure switch 1053 can have a range of about 0 to about 0.5 inches of water.

The first differential pressure switch 1053 can be fluidly connected to the container 1039.

Blower and preheater system

In an embodiment, the

system

1000, 1100 may further comprise a first blower 1042 and an optional second pressure sensor 1043 c. In an embodiment, the air flow from the first blower 1042 disperses the waste water droplets and/or water droplets from the drip holes 1038. In an embodiment, the first blower 1042 is disposed through a wall of the container 1039 such that the air flow from the blower 1042 reverses and/or intersects with the waste water droplets and/or water droplets from the drip holes 1038. In an embodiment, the first blower 1042 may be disposed through the wall of the container 1039 upstream of the defogging elements 1045 as a forced air blower. In other words, the container 1039 (i.e., the evaporation chamber) can be operated at a positive pressure via the forced draft blower 1042.

The first blower 1042 can be any suitable axial blower. In an embodiment, the first blower 1042 may be a fixed or variable speed blower. In an embodiment, the first blower 1042 may provide about 4,000CFM to about 10,000CFM (and any range or value therebetween). In an embodiment, the first blower 1042 may provide about 4,500 CFM. In an embodiment, the first blower 1042 may be about 3 HP.

In an embodiment, the

systems

1000, 1100 may further include a blower and preheater system 1041. For example, the blower and preheater system 1041 may be disposed through the lower wall of the container 1039 as the drip holes 1038' 1038 "of the drip system 1034 discharge toward the top of the container 1039.

In an embodiment, the blower and heater system 1041 includes a first blower 1042 and an air preheater 1043. In an embodiment, an air flow outlet of the first blower 1042 is fluidly connected to an air flow inlet of the air preheater 143.

The air preheater 1043 may be any suitable heater. For example, suitable heaters include, but are not limited to, direct fired heaters, pipe heaters, forced air heaters, line heaters, recuperative heaters, supply air heaters, conduit heaters, and combinations thereof.

In an embodiment, the air preheater 1043 comprises a natural gas combustor. (see, for example, fig. 10A and 10B). The natural gas burner may be any suitable burner. For example, suitable burners include, but are not limited to: a dry grain burner, a combustion boiler burner, a heated air burner, a heated water burner, and combinations thereof.

In an embodiment, the air preheater 1043 includes a natural gas burner and a natural gas flow control valve. The natural gas flow control valve may be any suitable gas flow control valve. In an embodiment, the natural gas flow control valve may provide a fixed flow or a modulated flow to the natural gas burner to control the resulting air temperature based on the ambient air temperature and the desired vaporization rate. In an embodiment, the natural gas flow control valve may be modulated from a fully open position to a fully closed position, and vice versa.

In an embodiment, the burner position may be moved relative to the position of the trickle system 1034 and/or the packing system 1058 to optimize the temperature distribution in the

systems

1000, 1100 to improve efficiency and minimize particulate emissions.

In an embodiment, the preheater 1043 may also have a natural gas powered generator. The natural gas powered generator may be any suitable generator.

In an embodiment, the air heating rate of the air preheater 1043 may be about 0BTU per hour to about 500 ten thousand BTU per hour (and any range or value therebetween). In an embodiment, the air preheater 1043 may provide an air heating rate of about 210 million BTUs per hour.

In an embodiment, the air preheater 1043 may generate air at a temperature of about 50 ° F to about 400 ° F.

In an embodiment, the optional second pressure sensor 1043c may be fluidly connected to an air outlet of a blower or air preheater 1043.

The optional second pressure sensor 1043c may be any suitable pressure sensor. For example, a suitable second pressure sensor 1043c is available from Rosemount, inc. In an embodiment, optional second pressure sensor 1043c may be a Rosemount 2088 absolute and gauge pressure transmitter from Rosemount, inc.

Optional second air inlet

The efficiency of the evaporation process can be increased by mixing the hot air and the waste water to achieve a uniform temperature in the air stream and thereby promote complete saturation of the air with water vapor. Turbulent air flow promotes thorough mixing by increasing the physical contact of all elements of the hot air with the counter-flowing waste water droplets and/or water droplets. One way to promote turbulence is to arrange two or more air inlets at an angle(s) through the wall of the container 1039 such that the two or more air streams collide and mix together. This mixing creates a single turbulent hot air stream. Upon contact with the wastewater, this turbulent air flow is maximally exposed to the wastewater droplets and/or water droplets, whereby evaporation is maximized to produce saturated emissions.

The two or more air inlets may be implemented in a variety of ways, including but not limited to a tunnel, two or more blower and preheater systems 1041, and combinations thereof. The use of two or more blower and preheater systems 1041 has the following additional benefits: increasing the total energy input to the

system

1000, 1100 as well as increasing the evaporation rate, and thereby increasing efficiency without significantly enlarging the container 1039 (e.g., the evaporation chamber).

Optional second blower

In an embodiment, the

system

1000, 1100 may further comprise a second blower (not shown). In an embodiment, the air flow from the second blower disperses the waste water droplets and/or water droplets from the drip holes 1038. In an embodiment, the second blower is disposed through the walls of the container 1039 such that the air flow from the blower reverses and/or intersects the waste water droplets and/or water droplets from the drip holes 1038. In an embodiment, a second blower may be disposed through the walls of the container 1039 downstream of the defogging elements 1045 as an induced draft blower. In an embodiment, the second blower is disposed through the walls of the container 1039 such that the air flow from the second blower is reversed and/or intersected by the waste water droplets and/or water droplets from the drip holes 1038. In other words, the container 1039 (i.e., the evaporation chamber) may be operated under negative pressure via an induced draft blower.

The second blower may be any suitable axial blower. In embodiments, the second blower may be a fixed or variable speed blower. In an embodiment, the second blower may provide about 4,000CFM to about 10,000CFM (and any range or value therebetween). In an embodiment, the second blower may provide about 4,500 CFM. In an embodiment, the second blower may be about 3 HP.

Optional air deflector, diffuser, and vane

When hot air from the blower and preheater system 1041 is introduced into the air inlet of the vessel 1039 (i.e., the evaporation chamber), turbulence may be generated and thus the efficiency of the evaporation process may be compromised. The effects of turbulence may be reduced by long or tall containers 1039, but to reduce the effects of uneven air distribution without lengthening the containers 1039, deflectors and/or diffusers may be installed within the containers 1039 directly in the air flow path to redirect air to balance the low and high air pressure regions and/or to establish uniform air discharge across the containers 1039.

In embodiments, the

systems

1000, 1100 can further comprise a deflector and/or diffuser, wherein the deflector and/or diffuser can be disposed within the container 1039 at or near an air inlet to the container 1039.

The deflector and/or diffuser may be any suitable deflector or diffuser capable of redirecting air to balance the low and high air pressure zones and/or to establish a uniform air discharge across the vessel 1039. For example, suitable deflectors or diffusers include, but are not limited to: flat metal sheets, angled metal sheets, perforated metal sheets, solid metal sheets, and combinations thereof to produce a rotating blade effect.

The deflector and/or diffuser may be of any suitable size and shape.

In embodiments, the deflector and/or diffuser may be sized and positioned based on air temperature, altitude, humidity, and other factors to achieve optimal performance.

In embodiments, deflectors and/or diffusers may be mounted to the container 1039 to allow for adjustments during operation based on air temperature, altitude, humidity, and other factors to achieve optimal performance.

In embodiments, the

system

1000, 1100 can further comprise a blade, wherein the blade can be disposed in the container 1039 at or near an air inlet to the container 1039.

The vanes may be any suitable vanes capable of turning the direction of the air flow in the container 1039 by about 90 degrees (e.g., from horizontal to vertical). For example, suitable blades include, but are not limited to: flat metal sheets, angled metal sheets, perforated metal sheets, solid metal sheets, and combinations thereof to produce a rotating blade effect.

The vanes may be of any suitable size and shape.

In an embodiment, the size and position of the blades may be adjusted based on air temperature, altitude, humidity, and other factors to achieve optimal performance. In embodiments, the blades can extend across a cross-section (e.g., diameter) of the container 1039.

In embodiments, the

systems

1000, 1100 may further comprise a blade, wherein the blade may be disposed in the air conduit between the blower and the exhaust outlet of the preheating system 1041 and the air inlet to the reservoir 1039.

The vanes may be any suitable vanes capable of achieving a desired degree of mixing in the air duct. For example, suitable blades include, but are not limited to: flat metal sheets, angled metal sheets, perforated metal sheets, solid metal sheets, and combinations thereof to create a hybrid blade effect.

The vanes may be of any suitable size and shape.

In an embodiment, the size and position of the blades may be adjusted based on air temperature, altitude, humidity, and other factors to achieve optimal performance.

The air duct may be of any suitable size and shape. In an embodiment, the length of the air duct may be adjusted to achieve optimal performance.

Optional insulation and supplemental heating

In an embodiment, the

system

1000, 1100 may further include supplemental heating using waste heat from a natural gas generator or natural gas burner to prevent the

system

1000, 1100 from dropping below freezing.

As discussed above, the

systems

1000, 1100 may have an air preheater 1043 with a natural gas burner to preheat the ambient air and accelerate the water evaporation process. In some embodiments, the air preheater 1043 may also have a natural gas powered generator. The air preheater 1043 may generate waste heat that may be used to heat components (e.g., piping, pumps, valves, etc.) of the

system

1000, 1100 to prevent the

system

1000, 1100 from dropping below freezing.

The

systems

1000, 1100 may be operated continuously (i.e., 24 hours per day, 356 days per year) in remote locations with cold weather conditions (e.g., as low as about 10 ° F). For example, the ambient temperature may be below the freezing temperature (e.g., about 10 ° F to about 32 ° F) for an extended period of time. If these subfreezing temperatures last days, weeks, or even months, the water in the

unprotected system

1000, 1100 will freeze. If the water freezes, the unprotected systems 1000, 1100 (i.e., pumps and valves) may cease functioning due to freezing damage, requiring operator intervention and costly repairs to the damaged

systems

1000, 1100.

The

systems

1000, 1100 should be able to operate in cold weather conditions to maintain evaporative operation in almost all weather conditions. Cold weather outages not only reduce the efficiency of the vaporization process, but also require operator intervention to restart the

systems

1000, 1100, as frozen components must be thawed, inspected for damage, and repaired or replaced if necessary prior to restart. In addition, cold weather in certain locations may last weeks or months, making subfreezing operational reliability critical to operational efficiency.

In an embodiment, the

system

1000, 1100 may further include one or more of insulation, heat tracing (i.e., resistive heating), and supplemental heating to prevent the

system

1000, 1100 from dropping below freezing temperatures. For example, one or more of insulation, heat tracing, and supplemental heating for the

systems

1000, 1100 include, but are not limited to, the following:

insulation of the weatherproof envelope;

insulation of components (e.g., piping, pumps, valves, etc.);

supplemental heating (e.g., direct heating, heat tracing, using waste heat from a generator or burner).

In an embodiment, the

system

1000, 1100 may further comprise insulation, wherein the insulation is disposed around components (e.g., piping, pumps, valves, etc.) of the

system

1000, 1100. In embodiments, the

system

1000, 1100 may further comprise an enclosure (for one or more of a pump and a valve) and insulation, wherein the insulation is disposed around components of the system 1000, 1100 (e.g., tubing, pumps, valves, etc.) and/or inside the enclosure. Insulation provides short term protection from low temperature conditions, but requires supplemental heating to function reliably at low temperatures for long periods of time.

In an embodiment, the

system

1000, 1100 may further comprise a heat trace, wherein the heat trace is disposed around components (e.g., piping, pumps, valves, etc.) of the

system

1000, 1100. Heat tracing provides long-term protection from low temperature conditions, but consumes excessive electrical energy without increasing efficiency and does not generate heat in the event of a power outage.

In an embodiment, the

systems

1000, 1100 may further include supplemental heating using direct heating and/or using waste heat from a combustor or generator to protect components (e.g., piping, pumps, valves, etc.) of the

systems

1000, 1100 from subfreezing temperatures. For example, supplemental heating using direct heating and/or using waste heat from a combustor or generator includes, but is not limited to, the following:

directing waste heat from the burner into the enclosure via passive radiation;

directing waste heat from the generator into the enclosure via metal piping.

An infrared heater powered by natural gas is installed in the enclosure.

In embodiments, the

systems

1000, 1100 may further comprise an enclosure (for one or more of the pumps and valves), and a direct heater (e.g., a natural gas powered infrared heater), wherein the direct heater is disposed inside the enclosure.

In embodiments, the

systems

1000, 1100 may further comprise a combustor and an enclosure (for one or more of pumps and valves), wherein waste heat is directed into the enclosure via passive radiation.

In embodiments, the

systems

1000, 1100 may further comprise a conduit, an enclosure (for one or more of a pump and a valve), and a generator, wherein waste heat from the generator is directed into the enclosure via the conduit. Optional air, argon or nitrogen purge system

In the event of a power outage and/or loss of natural gas pressure, the

systems

1000, 1100 are no longer able to generate supplemental heat. The lost power interruption also deprives the

systems

1000, 1100 of the ability to purge system components (e.g., piping, pumps, valves, etc.) using an electric pump.

To provide additional freeze protection during power outages and/or loss of natural gas pressure, the

systems

1000, 1100 can further include an air, argon, or nitrogen purge system 10008 that can "blow" water from system components (e.g., piping, pumps, valves, etc.) to protect the system from freeze. In an embodiment, the air, argon, or nitrogen purge system 10008 of the

systems

1000, 1100 may be activated by an ambient temperature sensor powered by a battery-powered emergency power system. Additionally, the ability of the air, argon, or nitrogen purge system 10008 can be adjusted to "blow" water from system components (e.g., piping, pumps, valves, etc.) and feed and drain lines connecting the

system

1000, 1100 to a wastewater source or reservoir bank.

In an embodiment, the

system

1000, 1100 can further include an air, argon, or nitrogen purge system 10008 (which includes an air, argon, or nitrogen source 10010, a fifth (air, argon, or nitrogen) valve 10012, and an optional air, argon, or nitrogen shut-off valve 10014) to prevent the system from freezing.

An air, argon, or nitrogen source 10010 may be connected to an inlet of a fifth (air, argon, or nitrogen) valve 10012 via a line 10016 a.

The outlet of the fifth (air, argon or nitrogen) valve 10012 may be connected via a line 10016b to the inlet of an optional fifth (air, argon or nitrogen) stop valve 10014 or to the inlet of a line 1008 b.

The outlet of the optional (air, argon or nitrogen) shut-off valve 10014 can be connected via line 10016c to the inlet to line 1008 b.

The air, argon, or nitrogen source 10010 can be any suitable air, argon, or nitrogen source. For example, suitable air, argon, or nitrogen sources 10010 include, but are not limited to: an air compressor, a high pressure cylinder, a high pressure argon cylinder, and a high pressure nitrogen cylinder.

In embodiments, the air, argon, or nitrogen may have any suitable purge pressure. For example, suitable purge pressures include, but are not limited to: about 15 to 20 psig.

In an embodiment, the

system

1000, 1100 can further comprise a fifth (air, argon, or nitrogen) valve 10012. The fifth (air, argon or nitrogen) valve 10012 can be any suitable switching valve. Suitable fifth (air, argon or nitrogen) valves 10012 include, but are not limited to, ball valves. For example, a suitable fifth (air, argon, or nitrogen) valve 10012 is available from GF tubing systems, inc. In an embodiment, the fifth (air, argon, or nitrogen) valve 10012 may be a GF tubing system 546 type electrically actuated ball valve from GF tubing systems, inc. In embodiments, the fifth (air, argon, or nitrogen) valve 10012 can be automatic or manual. In embodiments, the fifth (air, argon, or nitrogen) valve 10012 can be electrically or pneumatically actuated. In an embodiment, the fifth (air, argon, or nitrogen) valve 10012 may be normally closed. In an embodiment, the fifth (air, argon, or nitrogen) valve 10012 may be normally open.

In an embodiment, the fifth (air, argon, or nitrogen) valve 10012 may have an 1/4 inch connection.

In an embodiment, the

system

1000, 1100 can further include a fifth (air, argon, or nitrogen) shut-off valve 10014. The fifth (air, argon, or nitrogen) cutoff valve 10014 can be any suitable cutoff valve. Suitable fifth (air, argon, or nitrogen) shut-off valves 10014 include, but are not limited to, ball valves and butterfly valves. For example, a suitable fifth (air, argon, or nitrogen) shut-off valve 10014 is available from GF pipe systems, inc. In an embodiment, the fifth (air, argon, or nitrogen) stop valve 10014 can be a GF tubing system 546 type ball valve from GF tubing systems, inc. In an embodiment, the fifth (air, argon, or nitrogen) cutoff valve 10014 can be automatic or manual. In an embodiment, the fifth (air, argon, or nitrogen) cutoff valve 10014 may be normally closed. In an embodiment, the fifth (air, argon, or nitrogen) cutoff valve 10014 may be normally open.

In an embodiment, the fifth (air, argon, or nitrogen) shut-off valve 10014 may have an 1/4 inch connection.

The

lines

10016a, 10016b, 10016c can be formed from any suitable corrosion resistant line. The

lines

10016a, 10016b, 10016c can be made of any suitable corrosion-resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: brass, copper, stainless steel, and combinations thereof; and suitable plastics include, but are not limited to: chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) polymers, glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP),

Deviation collectionVinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymers, polyethylene polymers, polypropylene polymers, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymers, poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDC) polymers, poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) polymers, poly (vinyl chloride) (PVDF) polymers, poly (vinyl fluoride) (PVDF) polymers, poly (vinyl chloride) (PP) polymers, poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) polymers, poly (vinyl chloride) (PP) polymers, poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) polymers, poly (vinyl chloride) (PP) polymers, PP), poly (vinyl chloride) (PP) polymers, poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) polymers, poly (vinyl chloride) (PP) polymers, poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) polymers, poly (vinyl chloride) (PP), poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) polymers, poly (vinyl chloride) (PP), poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) polymers, poly (vinyl chloride) (PP) polymers, poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) and poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) polymers), poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) and poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) polymers) and blends of (vinyl chloride) (PVC) and blends thereof) and blends of (vinyl chloride) (PVC) and blends of (vinyl chloride) (co-vinyl chloride) (co-vinyl chloride) (co-vinyl chloride) (co-co,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

lines

10016a, 10016b, 10016c may be made of 316 stainless steel.

In an embodiment, the

lines

10016a, 10016b, 10016c may be 1/4 inch lines.

Optional liquid Level Column (Level Column)

In an embodiment, the

system

1000, 1100 may further comprise a level column 10000, a third shut-off valve 10003, and a fourth shut-off valve 10004.

The lower end of the level column 10000 can be fluidly connected to the inlet of the fourth stop valve 10004 via a line 10002a and to the inlet of the third stop valve 10003 via a line 10006 b. The outlet of the third shut-off valve 10003 is fluidly connected to the fourth inlet of the vessel 1039 via a line 10006c at a seventh height of the vessel 1039. In embodiments, the seventh height of the container 1039 can be four inches to about 1 foot (and any range or value therebetween). In an embodiment, the seventh height of the container 1039 can be about 6 inches.

The level column 10000 can be any suitable level column. Suitable level columns 10000 include, but are not limited to, column level indicators.

The

pipes

10006a, 10006b, 10006c can be made of any suitable corrosion protection pipe. The

conduits

10006a, 10006b, 10006c can be any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: carbon steel coated with plastics, stainless steel, super duplex stainless steel, Al-6XN alloy, Ni-Al-Brz alloy,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

pipes

10006a, 10006b, 10006c may be made of carbon steel coated with plastic. In an embodiment, the

pipes

10006a, 10006b, 10006c may be made of carbon steel coated with plate 7159 HAR. In an embodiment, the

pipes

10006a, 10006b, 10006c can be made of 316 stainless steel.

In an embodiment, the

pipes

10006a, 10006b, 10006c can be 2 inch pipes.

Discharge system

In an embodiment, the

system

1000, 1100 may further comprise a check valve 1063, a fourth (vent) valve 1069, and a second (vent) stop valve 1074. The outlet of line 1020a may be connected to the inlet of a fourth (drain) valve 1069 via line 1020 b; and the outlet of the fourth (drain) valve 1069 may be connected via a line 1072 to the inlet of a check valve 1063 or to the inlet of a second (drain) stop valve 1074.

The outlet of the check valve 1063 or the outlet of the second (drain) stop valve 1074 is connected to the inlet of the second (drain) flange 1076 via a line 1075.

In an embodiment, the

system

1000, 1100 may further comprise a fourth (drain) valve 1069. The fourth (drain) valve 1069 may be any suitable switching valve. Suitable fourth (drain) valves 1069 include, but are not limited to, ball valves. For example, a suitable fourth (drain) valve 1069 is available from GF pipe systems, inc. In an embodiment, the fourth (drain) valve 1069 may be an electrically actuated ball valve of the GF pipe system 546 type from GF pipe system company. In embodiments, the fourth (drain) valve 1069 may be automatic or manual. In embodiments, the fourth (drain) valve 1069 may be electrically or pneumatically actuated. In an embodiment, the fourth (drain) valve 1069 may be normally closed.

In an embodiment, the fourth (drain) valve 1069 may have a 2 inch connection.

In an embodiment, the

system

1000, 1100 may further include a second (vent) shut-off valve 1074. The second (drain) shut-off valve 1074 may be any suitable shut-off valve. Suitable second (drain) shutoff valves 1074 include, but are not limited to, ball valves and butterfly valves. For example, a suitable second (drain) stop valve 1074 is available from GF pipe systems, inc. In an embodiment, the second (bleed) stop valve 1074 may be a GF pipe system 546 type ball valve from GF pipe system company. In an embodiment, the second (drain) shut-off valve 1074 may be automatic or manual. In an embodiment, the second (drain) shut-off valve 1074 may be normally closed.

In an embodiment, the second (drain) shut-off valve 1074 may have a 2 inch connection.

The fourth (drain) valve 1069 and the second (drain) cut-off valve 1074 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant material. The fourth (drain) valve 1069 and the second (drain) shut-off valve 1074 may be made of any suitable corrosion-resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: carbon steel, stainless steel coated with plastics,

Alloy, Al,

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer, and polyEthylene polymer, polypropylene polymer,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymers, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the fourth (drain) valve 1069 and the second (drain) shut-off valve 1074 (wetted parts) may be made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) rubber.

In an embodiment, the

system

1000, 1100 may further comprise a check valve 1063. Check valve 1063 may be any suitable check valve. Suitable check valves 1063 include, but are not limited to, one-way valves. The outlet of the fourth (drain) valve 1069 may be connected to the inlet of the check valve 1063; and the outlet of the check valve 1063 may be connected to the inlet of the second (discharge) cut-off valve 1074.

In an embodiment, the

systems

1000, 1100 may further include a seventh limit switch (not shown) and an eighth limit switch (not shown). (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 113& 114). In an embodiment, a seventh limit switch (not shown) confirms that the fourth (drain) valve 1069 is open; and an eighth limit switch (not shown) confirms that the fourth (drain) valve 1069 is closed.

The

lines

1072, 1075 may be constructed of any suitable corrosion resistant line. The

lines

1072, 1075 may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: carbon steel coated with plastics, stainless steel, super duplex stainless steel, Al-6XN alloy, Ni-Al-Brz alloy,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

lines

1072, 1075 may be made of carbon steel coated with plastic. In an embodiment, the

pipes

1072, 1075 may be made of carbon steel coated with plate 7159 HAR. In an embodiment, the

lines

1072, 1075 may be made of 316 stainless steel.

In an embodiment, the

lines

1072, 1075 may be 2 inch lines.

Alternative sensors and meters

In an embodiment, the

system

1000, 1100 may further comprise a first temperature sensor (not shown), a second temperature sensor 1043a, a third temperature sensor 1043b, a first conductivity meter (not shown), an optional second conductivity meter (not shown), and/or a third flow indicator or flow meter 1073. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 130, 131, 132& 173).

A first temperature sensor (not shown) may be fluidly connected to first manifold 1028.

The second temperature sensor 1043a may be fluidly connected to an air outlet of the air preheater 1043.

A third temperature sensor 1043b may be fluidly connected to the headspace in the container 1039, above the trickle system 1034 and adjacent to the demister element 1045.

The first temperature sensor (not shown) may be any suitable temperature measuring device. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 130). For example, the first temperature sensor may be available from jascow corporation. In an embodiment, the first temperature sensor may be a bi-metal dial thermometer from jascow. In embodiments, the first temperature sensor may be electrically powered or manual.

The second temperature sensor 1043a and the third temperature sensor 1043b may be any suitable temperature measuring device. For example, suitable second temperature sensors 1043a and third temperature sensors 1043b are available from Pyromation corporation. In an embodiment, the second temperature sensor 1043a and the third temperature sensor 1043b may be Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) temperature sensors from Pyromation, inc. In an embodiment, the second temperature sensor 1043a and the third temperature sensor 1043b may be electric or manual.

A first conductivity meter (not shown) may be fluidly connected to the first manifold 1028; and an optional second conductivity meter (not shown) may be fluidly connected to first manifold 1028. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 131& 132).

A first conductivity meter (not shown) monitors the conductivity of the inlet (feed) wastewater and/or the condensed (recycled) wastewater from the external wastewater source. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 131). If the first conductivity meter measures a predetermined minimum conductivity (e.g., indicating the presence of oil in the feed water), the system 1000 is shut down.

The first conductivity meter (not shown) may be any suitable conductivity meter. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 131). For example, a suitable first conductivity meter is available from the chemer meter limited. In an embodiment, the first conductivity meter may be a model ML-19504-04 annular conductivity sensor from Keelamer instruments, Inc. In an embodiment, the first conductivity sensor may be electrically connected to the PLC or computing device 600. In an embodiment, the first conductivity sensor may have a range of about 0 μ S/cm to about 1,000,000 μ S/cm (and any range or value therebetween).

An optional second conductivity meter (not shown) monitors the conductivity of the inlet (feed) or condensed (recycled) wastewater from an external wastewater source. If the second conductivity meter indicates that the condensed wastewater (brine) has reached a predetermined maximum conductivity, the third (discharge) cut-off valve 1074 switches to an open position.

The optional second conductivity meter (not shown) may be any suitable conductivity meter. For example, a suitable first conductivity meter (not shown) is available from the coreparmer meter limited. In an embodiment, the first conductivity meter (not shown) may be a model ML-19504-04 annular conductivity sensor from Keelamer instruments, Inc. that is electrically connected to a model ML-94785-12 process meter. In an embodiment, a second conductivity sensor (not shown) may be electrically connected to the PLC or computing device 600. In an embodiment, the second conductivity sensor (not shown) may have a range of about 0 μ S/cm to about 1,000,000 μ S/cm (and any range or value therebetween).

A third flow indicator or flow meter 1073 may be fluidly connected to the line 1072. A third flow indicator or flow meter 1073 monitors the discharge flow of the discharge outlet 1076.

The third flow indicator or flow meter 1073 may be any suitable flow indicator or flow meter. Suitable third flow indicators or flow meters 1073 include, but are not limited to: magnetic flowmeters, paddle wheel flowmeters, ultrasonic vortex flowmeters, and plug-in vortex flowmeters. For example, a suitable third flow indicator or flow meter 1073 is available from geoffel fisher prints. In an embodiment, the third flow indicator or flow meter 1073 may be a Signet 2536 rotor-X paddle wheel flow sensor from geoffel fisher prints. In an embodiment, a third flow indicator or flow meter 1073 can be electrically connected to the PLC or computing device 600.

Selectable limit/level switch, pressure switch, and temperature switch

In an embodiment, the

systems

1000, 1100 may further include a first pressure switch (not shown), an air temperature sensor (not shown), a second differential-high pressure switch (not shown), a third differential-high pressure switch (not shown), a first high-high limit switch 1049, a low limit switch (not shown), a high limit switch (not shown), a second high-high limit switch (not shown), and a second pressure switch (not shown). (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 110, 140, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, and 159).

A first pressure switch (not shown) monitors the pressure of the inlet wastewater to the pump 1018. (see, for example, FIGS. 1A-11B: 110). The first pressure switch may be any suitable pressure switch. For example, a suitable first pressure switch is available from AutomationDirect. In an embodiment, the first pressure switch may be from AutomationDirect

MPS25 series mechanical pressure switch.

A first pressure switch (not shown) may be fluidly connected to the conduit 1008. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 110).

A second differential-pressure-high switch (not shown) monitors the air pressure in the container 1039. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 147). If the second high differential pressure switch is activated, the first blower 1042 and/or the second blower operate. In an embodiment, the second high differential pressure switch may be set to +/-0.15 inches of water.

The second differential pressure high switch (not shown) may be any suitable differential pressure sensor. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 147). For example, a suitable second high differential pressure switch is available from DeWill instruments. In an embodiment, the second high differential pressure switch may be a 3000 series differential pressure gauge from de wiler instruments. In an embodiment, the second high differential pressure switch has a range of about 0 to about 0.5 inches of water.

A second high differential pressure switch (not shown) may be fluidly connected to the container 1039. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 147).

A third high-to-high differential pressure switch (not shown) also monitors the air pressure in the vessel. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 148). If the third high-to-high differential pressure switch is activated, the mist trap system 1044 can be blocked due to flooding or fouling. In an embodiment, the third high-to-high differential pressure switch may be set to about +/-0.40 inches of water.

The third high-to-high differential pressure switch (not shown) may be any suitable differential pressure sensor. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 148). For example, a suitable third high-to-high differential pressure switch is available from DeWill instruments. In an embodiment, the third high-to-high differential pressure switch may be a 3000MR series differential pressure gauge from dove instruments. In an embodiment, the third high-to-high differential pressure switch may have a range of about 0 to about 0.5 inches of water.

A third high-to-high differential pressure switch (not shown) may be fluidly connected to the vessel 1039. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 148).

A first high-high limit switch (not shown), a low limit switch (not shown), and a high limit switch (not shown) monitor the respective water levels in the sump (bottom) of the container 1039. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 149, 150& 151). A second high-high limit switch (not shown) monitors the water level in the secondary enclosure. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 152).

The high-high limit switch 1049, low limit switch (not shown), and high limit switch (not shown) may be any suitable level switch. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 149, 150, 151& 152). Suitable water level switches include, but are not limited to: capacitive proximity switches, floating switches, magnetic switches, and vibrating tine switches. Com, high-high limit switch 1049, low limit switch, and high limit switch are available from automation direct. In an embodiment, high-high limit switch 1049, low limit switch, and high limit switch may be TU series model M18 circular proximity sensor from automation direct.

A first high-high limit switch 1049, a low limit switch (not shown), and a high limit switch (not shown) may be fluidly connected near the sump (bottom) of the container 1039. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 149, 150, 151).

A second high-high limit switch (not shown) may be fluidly connected outside the container 1039 to monitor the water level in the secondary enclosure. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 152).

Optional first acid Conditioning System

In embodiments, the

systems

1000, 1100 may further include an optional acid conditioning system (not shown). (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 177). The acid conditioning system (not shown) includes an acid tank (not shown) and an acid metering pump (not shown). (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 177, 178& 180).

The outlet of the acid tank (not shown) may be fluidly connected to the inlet of an acid metering pump (not shown) via a conduit (not shown); while the outlet of the acid metering pump (not shown) is fluidly connected to the container 1039 or the line 1008 via a conduit. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 178, 179, 180& 181).

The acid tank (not shown) may be any suitable acid tank or other bulk chemical storage unit. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 178). Suitable acid tanks include, but are not limited to, industry standard shipping tanks. For example, suitable acid tanks are available from international tank export companies. In an embodiment, the acid tank may be a 275 gallon or 330 gallon industry standard shipping tank. In an embodiment, the acid tank may be a 55 gallon drum.

The acid dosing pump (not shown) may be any suitable acid dosing pump. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 180). Suitable acid metering pumps include, but are not limited to: electronic diaphragm pumps, peristaltic pumps, and positive displacement pumps. For example, suitable acid metering pumps are available from Anko products. In an embodiment, the acid metering pump may be a self priming peristaltic pump from Anko products. In an embodiment, the acid metering pump may be a Mityflex model 907 self-priming peristaltic pump from Anko products.

The conduit (not shown) may be comprised of any suitable corrosion resistant conduit. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 179&181). The conduit may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. Is suitable forMetals include, but are not limited to: al-6XN alloy,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymers, and combinations thereof. For example, a suitable catheter may be made of

Or PTFE.

In an embodiment, the acid conditioning system (not shown) may further comprise an acid flow meter (not shown). (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 177). The acid flow meter (not shown) may be fluidly connected to a conduit (not shown). (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 181). The acid flow meter measures the flow of the acid solution.

Optional second acid Conditioning System

In an embodiment, the

systems

1000, 1100 may further include an acid conditioning system (not shown). (see, e.g., FIG. 4: 460). The acid conditioning system (not shown) includes an acid tank (not shown) and an acid metering pump (not shown). (see, e.g., FIGS. 4:460, 462& 466).

The outlet of the acid tank (not shown) may be fluidly connected to the inlet of an acid metering pump (not shown) via a conduit (not shown); and the outlet of the acid metering pump (not shown) may be fluidly connected to a conduit (not shown) via a conduit (not shown). (see, e.g., FIGS. 4: 422, 462, 464, 466& 472).

The acid tank (not shown) may be any suitable acid tank or other bulk chemical storage unit. (see, e.g., FIG. 4: 462). Suitable acid tanks include, but are not limited to, industry standard shipping tanks. For example, suitable acid tanks are available from international tank export companies. In an embodiment, the acid tank may be a 275 gallon or 330 gallon industry standard shipping tank.

The acid dosing pump (not shown) may be any suitable acid dosing pump. (see, e.g., FIG. 4: 466). Suitable acid metering pumps include, but are not limited to, peristaltic pumps. For example, suitable acid metering pumps are available from blue and white industries, kelparmer instruments, and walamalo. In an embodiment, the acid metering pump may be a self priming peristaltic pump from blue and white industries, inc.

The conduit (not shown) may be comprised of any suitable corrosion resistant conduit. (see, e.g., FIG. 4: 464)&472). The conduit may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: al-6XN alloy,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

Or PTFE.

In an embodiment, the acid conditioning system (not shown) may further comprise an acid flow meter (not shown). (see, e.g., FIG. 4: 460& 470). The acid flow meter (not shown) may be fluidly connected to a conduit (not shown). (see, e.g., FIG. 4: 470& 472). The acid flow meter measures the flow of the acid solution.

The acid flow meter (not shown) may be any suitable acid flow meter. (see, e.g., FIG. 4: 470). Suitable acid flow meters include, but are not limited to: paddle wheel flowmeters, ultrasonic vortex flowmeters, and plug-in vortex flowmeters. For example, a suitable acid flow meter is available from ProMinent. In an embodiment, the acid flow meter may be a model DulcoFlow DFMa of purocent, having built-in signal transmission capabilities.

Optional first sterilant conditioning system

In an embodiment, the

systems

1000, 1100 may further include an optional biocide conditioning system (not shown). (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 182). The sterilant conditioning system (not shown) includes a sterilant tank (not shown) and a sterilant metering pump (not shown). (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 182, 183& 185).

The outlet of the sterilant tank (not shown) may be fluidly connected to the inlet of a sterilant metering pump (not shown) via a conduit (not shown); and the outlet of a biocide metering pump (not shown) can be fluidly connected to the container 1039 or the line 1008 via a conduit. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 183, 184, 185& 186).

The sterilant tank (not shown) may be any suitable sterilant tank or other bulk chemical storage unit. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 183). Suitable sterilant containers include, but are not limited to, industry standard shipping containers. For example, suitable biocide tanks are available from international tank outlet companies. In an embodiment, the sterilant tank may be a 275 gallon or 330 gallon industry standard shipping tank. In embodiments, the sterilant tank may be a 55 gallon drum or a 5 gallon drum.

In an alternative embodiment, the sterilant enclosure (not shown) may be replaced by a suitable sterilant producing apparatus (not shown). (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 183). For example, suitable biocide equipment is available from the company Miox. In an embodiment, the biocide producing device (not shown) may be model AE-8 from Miox corporation.

The biocide dosing pump (not shown) can be any suitable biocide dosing pump. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 185). Suitable biocide dosing pumps include, but are not limited to: electronic diaphragm pumps, peristaltic pumps, and positive displacement pumps. For example, suitable biocide metering pumps are available from Anko products. In an embodiment, the biocide metering pump may be a self priming peristaltic pump from Anko products. In an embodiment, the biocide metering pump may be a Mityflex model 907 self priming peristaltic pump from Anko products.

The conduit (not shown) may be comprised of any suitable corrosion resistant conduit. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 184&186). The conduit may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: al-6XN alloy,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymers, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the conduit may be made of

Or PTFE.

In an embodiment, the biocide conditioning system (not shown) may further comprise an optional biocide flow meter (not shown). (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 182). The sterilant flow meter (not shown) may be fluidly connected to a conduit (not shown). (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 186). The sterilant flow meter measures the flow of the sterilant solution.

Optional second sterilant conditioning system

In an embodiment, the

systems

1000, 1100 may further include a biocide conditioning system (not shown). (see, e.g., FIG. 4: 474). The sterilant conditioning system (not shown) includes a sterilant tank (not shown) and a sterilant metering pump (not shown). (see, e.g., FIGS. 4:474, 476& 480).

The outlet of the sterilant tank (not shown) may be fluidly connected to the inlet of a sterilant metering pump (not shown) via a conduit (not shown); while the outlet of the sterilant metering pump (not shown) may be fluidly connected to a line (not shown) via a conduit (not shown). (see, e.g., FIGS. 4: 422, 476, 478, 480& 482).

The sterilant tank (not shown) may be any suitable sterilant tank or other bulk chemical storage unit. (see, e.g., FIG. 4: 476). Suitable sterilant containers include, but are not limited to, industry standard shipping containers. For example, suitable biocide tanks are available from international tank outlet companies. In an embodiment, the sterilant tank may be a 275 gallon or 330 gallon industry standard shipping tank.

In an alternative embodiment, the sterilant enclosure (not shown) may be replaced by a suitable sterilant producing apparatus (not shown). For example, suitable biocide equipment is available from the company Miox. In an embodiment, the biocide producing device (not shown) may be model AE-8 from Miox corporation.

The biocide dosing pump (not shown) can be any suitable biocide dosing pump. (see, e.g., FIG. 4: 480). Suitable biocide dosing pumps include, but are not limited to, peristaltic pumps. For example, suitable sterilant metering pumps are available from blue and white industries, kelparmer instruments, and waldivision. In an embodiment, the biocide metering pump can be a self priming peristaltic pump from blue and white industries, inc.

The conduit (not shown) may be comprised of any suitable corrosion resistant conduit. (see, e.g., FIG. 478 &482). The conduit may be of any suitable metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: al-6XN alloy,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polymers, and combinations thereof. In an embodiment, the catheterCan be prepared from

Or PTFE.

In an embodiment, the biocide conditioning system (not shown) may further comprise a biocide flow meter (not shown). (see, e.g., FIG. 4: 474& 484). The sterilant flow meter (not shown) may be fluidly connected to a conduit (not shown). (see, e.g., FIGS. 4: 482& 484). The sterilant flow meter measures the flow of the sterilant solution.

The sterilant flow meter (not shown) may be any suitable acid flow meter. (see, e.g., FIG. 4: 484). Suitable sterilant flow meters include, but are not limited to: paddle wheel flowmeters, ultrasonic vortex flowmeters, and plug-in vortex flowmeters. For example, suitable sterilant flow meters are available from Proming corporation. In an embodiment, the biocide flow meter may be model DulcoFlow DFMa of purocent, which has built-in signal transmission capabilities.

Optional scale inhibition regulation system

In embodiments, the

systems

1000, 1100 may further include an optional scale inhibition conditioning system (not shown). (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 187). The scale inhibition regulation system (not shown) includes a scale inhibition tank (not shown) and a scale inhibition metering pump (not shown). (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 187, 188& 190).

An outlet of the antisludging tank (not shown) may be fluidly connected to an inlet of an antisludging metering pump (not shown) via a conduit (not shown); while the outlet of the anti-scal metering pump (not shown) may be fluidly connected to the vessel 1039 via a conduit (not shown). (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 188, 190, 191).

The scale inhibition tank (not shown) may be any suitable scale inhibition tank or other bulk chemical storage unit. Suitable scale inhibiting containers include, but are not limited to, industry standard shipping containers. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 188). For example, suitable scale inhibiting tanks are available from international tank outlet companies. In an embodiment, the scale inhibition tank may be a 275 gallon or 330 gallon industry standard transport tank. In embodiments, the scale inhibition tank may be a 55 gallon drum or a 5 gallon drum.

The scale inhibition metering pump (not shown) may be any suitable scale inhibitor metering pump. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 190). Suitable scale inhibitor metering pumps include, but are not limited to: electronic diaphragm pumps, peristaltic pumps, and positive displacement pumps. For example, suitable scale inhibition metering pumps are available from Anko products. In an embodiment, the scale inhibition metering pump may be a self-priming peristaltic pump from Anko products. In an embodiment, the scale inhibition metering pump may be a Mityflex model 907 self-priming peristaltic pump from Anko products.

The conduit (not shown) may be comprised of any suitable corrosion resistant conduit. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 189)&191). The conduit may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: carbon steel coated with plastics, stainless steel, super duplex stainless steel, AL-6XN alloy,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

Or PTFE.

In an embodiment, the scale inhibition regulation system (not shown) may further comprise an optional scale inhibition flow meter (not shown). (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 187). The anti-scal flow meter may be fluidly connected to a conduit (not shown). (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 191). The scale inhibiting flow meter measures the flow rate of the scale inhibitor solution.

Optional defoamer System

In an embodiment, the

systems

1000, 1100 may further include an optional defoamer system (not shown). (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 192). The defoamer system (not shown) includes a defoamer tank (not shown) and a defoamer pump (not shown). (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 192, 193& 195).

An outlet of the defoamer tank (not shown) may be fluidly connected to an inlet of a defoamer metering pump (not shown) via a conduit (not shown); while the outlet of the defoamer metering pump (not shown) may be fluidly connected to the container 1039 via a conduit (not shown). (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 193, 194, 195, 196).

The defoamer box (not shown) can be any suitable defoamer box or other bulk chemical storage unit. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 193). Suitable defoamer boxes include, but are not limited to, industry standard shipping boxes. For example, suitable defoamer boxes are available from international tank outlet companies. In an embodiment, the defoamer box may be a 275 gallon or 330 gallon industry standard shipping box. In embodiments, the defoamer box may be a 55 gallon drum or a 5 gallon bucket.

The defoamer metering pump can be any suitable defoamer metering pump. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 195). Suitable defoamer metering pumps include, but are not limited to: electronic diaphragm pumps, peristaltic pumps, and positive displacement pumps. For example, suitable defoamer metering pumps are available from Anko products. In an embodiment, the defoamer metering pump may be a self-priming peristaltic pump from Anko products. In an embodiment, the defoamer metering pump may be a Mityflex model 907 self-priming peristaltic pump from Anko products.

The conduit (not shown) may be comprised of any suitable corrosion resistant conduit. (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 194&196). The conduit may be made of any suitable corrosion resistant metal or plastic. Suitable metals include, but are not limited to: carbon steel coated with plastics, stainless steel, super duplex stainless steel, AL-6XN alloy,

Alloy, Al,

A Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) polymer,

Or PTFE.

In an embodiment, the defoamer conditioning system (not shown) may further comprise an optional defoamer flow meter (not shown). (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 192). The defoamer flow meter may be fluidly connected to a conduit (not shown). (see, e.g., FIGS. 1A-1B: 196). A defoamer flow meter measures the flow of the defoamer solution.

Programmable logic controller or other computing device for a system for jet evaporation of water

In embodiments, the

systems

100, 400, 1000, 1100 may further include a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) or other computing device 600. PLC or computing device 600 may be any suitable PLC or other computing device. For example, a suitable PLC or other computing device 600 may be an Allan Bradley logic controller, an Automation Direct logic controller, a Seimens logic controller, or a WAGO logic controller. Alternatively, the PLC or other computing device 600 may be an engineered circuit board.

In an embodiment, the

system

100, 400, 1000, 1100 may have a central Programmed Logic Controller (PLC) or other computing device 600 that controls all functions of the unit in an autonomous manner from a central remote location. The PLC or other computing device 600 may be able to open and close all valves, turn all pumps on and off, monitor all sensors, and take all logical actions during normal operation without human intervention. The PLC or other computing device 600 may be able to fill the

system

100, 400, 1000, 1100 with wastewater, operate the

system

100, 400, 1000, 1100 to evaporate water, switch the

system

100, 400, 1000, 1100 to divert concentrated waste to a waste outlet, refill the

system

100, 400, 1000, 1100 with a new batch of water, and operate the

system

100, 400, 1000, 1100 to continue this cycle. The PLC or other computing device 600 may be capable of operating the

system

100, 400, 1000, 1100 in a batch mode or a "feed and drain" mode. The PLC or other computing device 600 may also be capable of automatically shutting down the

system

100, 400, 1000, 1100 during adverse conditions, and in some cases, automatically restarting the

system

100, 400, 1000, 1100.

For example, the PLC or other computing device 600 may automatically shut down the

system

100, 400, 1000 during adverse conditions, including, but not limited to, the following:

high-high sump level;

high-high containment system level;

high-high customer tank level;

no wastewater feed from the customer;

no water flow while the feed pump or recirculation pump is running;

no water pressure when the feed pump or recirculation pump is running;

no air flow while the fan is running;

overload failure of the motor;

occurrence of a VFD failure;

a power loss occurs;

the occurrence of natural gas pressure loss;

an emergency stop (Estop) is initiated;

extremely low ambient temperature.

For example, the PLC or other computing device 600 may also automatically restart the

system

100, 400, 1000, 1100 during certain conditions, including, but not limited to, the following:

the loss of natural gas pressure is only temporary;

the generator set is stopped;

if the genset is shut down, the PLC or other computing device 600 may attempt to restart the genset; and if the genset is restarted, the PLC or other computing device 600 can attempt to restart the

system

100, 400, 1000, 1100.

Additionally, an operator may use the PLC or other computing device 600 to manually override the programmed functionality of the

system

100, 400, 1000, 1100 to allow any aspect of the

system

100, 400, 1000, 1100 to be manually controlled (e.g., open and close valves, or start and stop pumps) for maintenance and troubleshooting purposes.

In embodiments, the

system

100, 400, 1000, 1100 may have the capability to remotely read and write to a central PLC or other computing device 600 to allow the operating conditions of the

system

100, 400, 1000, 1100 to be fully reported to a central remote location and/or to allow the operating conditions of the

system

100, 400, 1000, 1100 to be fully controlled from a central remote location. In embodiments, the

systems

100, 400, 1000, 1100 may have the capability to send information/communication content to a PLC or other computing device 600 located at a central remote location. In embodiments, the

systems

100, 400, 1000, 1100 may have the capability to communicate (e.g., to report error codes, entry volumes, exit volumes, etc.) with a PLC or other computing device 600 located at a central remote location via a satellite antenna and a modulation modulator or other communication technology.

In embodiments, the

systems

100, 400, 1000, 1100 may have the capability to receive command/communication content from a PLC or other computing device 600 located at a central remote location. In embodiments, the

system

100, 400, 1000, 1100 may have the ability to receive commands/communication content (e.g., to change the operational behavior of the

system

100, 400, 1000, 1100) from a PLC or other computing device 600 located at a central remote location via a satellite antenna and modulation regulator or other communication technology.

Any suitable satellite antenna and modulation modulator may be used. For example, suitable satellite antennas and modulation modulators are available from Inmarsat.

Other communication techniques include, but are not limited to: any other satellite-based communication technology, any mobile data mode (e.g., LTE/4G), any communication array for radio or laser transmissions, or any hardwired internet connection.

For example, the

systems

100, 400, 1000, 1100 can send the following communications to the PLC or other computing device 600, including but not limited to:

the number of wastewater barrels pumped into the system;

the number of barrels of concentrated waste pumped from the system;

ambient temperature and/or ambient humidity conditions in which the system is located;

system abnormal behavior alert;

the current mode of operation;

natural gas inlet pressure;

customer tank level;

current system settings (e.g., burner settings, cold weather set point, target evaporation percentage, minimum water level, maximum water level, etc.).

For example, the

systems

100, 400, 1000, 1100 can receive the following commands/communications from the PLC or other computing device 600, including but not limited to:

a stop command;

an open command;

a clear alarm command;

Air, argon, or nitrogen purge commands for cold weather conditions;

command of increase or decrease of the burner temperature setpoint;

(ii) increase or decrease command(s) of dosing rate of acid pump, bactericide pump, defoamer pump and/or scale inhibitor pump;

command of increase or decrease of evaporation percentage (i.e. number of buckets evaporated divided by number of buckets available);

increase or decrease command(s) of water level setting (e.g., low-low, operate high, high-high).

Referring to fig. 6, the PLC or computing device 600 of the

system

100, 400, 1000, 1100 may include a bus 610 that directly or indirectly couples the following devices: memory 612, one or more processors 614, one or more presentation components 616, one or more input/output (I/O) ports 618, I/O components 620, user interface 622 and illustrative power supply 624, and a battery backup (not shown). In an embodiment, the following devices are coupled directly or indirectly to the signal conditioning device: a shut-off valve 106, a first pressure switch 110, a first (feed) valve 112, a first limit switch 113, a second limit switch 114, a first pump 118, a first flow meter 122, a first temperature sensor 130, a first conductivity meter 131, a second conductivity meter 132 (not shown), an air temperature sensor 140, a blower 142, an air heater with fan 143, a first high differential pressure switch 147, a second high-high differential pressure switch 148, a first high-high limit switch 149, a low limit switch 150, a high limit switch 151, a second high-high limit switch 152, a second pump 156, a second pressure switch 159, a pH meter 161, a second (recirculation) valve 166, a third limit switch 167, a fourth limit switch 168, a third (discharge) valve 169, a fifth limit switch 170, a sixth limit switch 171, a second flow meter 173, a third shut-off valve 174, an acid metering pump 180, an acid flow meter (not shown), A sterilant metering pump 185, a sterilant flow meter (not shown), a scale inhibition metering pump 190, a scale inhibition flow meter (not shown), a defoamer pump 195, and/or a defoamer flow meter (not shown). If the raw signals of a component must be processed to provide the appropriate signals for the I/O system, the component will be indirectly coupled to the signal conditioning device.

In another embodiment, the following devices are connected, directly or indirectly, to the signal conditioning device: shut-off

valves

406, 506,

first conductivity meters

410, 510,

first flow meters

412, 512, a hygrometer 414, a first three-way valve 416, pumps 420, 520, a pressure sensor 425,

second conductivity meters

428, 528, a pH meter 430, second three-

way valves

432, 532, blowers 436, 536 (or multiple blowers 436', 436 "), a differential pressure sensor 445, a first temperature sensor 590, a second temperature sensor 592, a low water level switch (not shown), a high water level switch (not shown), a second flow meter 456, an acid metering pump 466, a computational flow meter 470, a sterilant metering pump 480, and/or a sterilant flow meter 484. If the raw signals of a component must be processed to provide the appropriate signals for the I/O system, the component will be indirectly coupled to the signal conditioning device.

In an embodiment, the following devices are coupled directly or indirectly to the signal conditioning device: a shut-off valve 1006, a first pressure switch (not shown) (see fig. 1A-1B: 110), a first (feed) valve 1012, a first limit switch (not shown) (see fig. 1A-1B: 113), a second limit switch (not shown) (see fig. 1A-1B: 114), a pump 1018, a flow indicator or meter 1022, a first temperature sensor (not shown) (see fig. 1A-1B: 130), a first conductivity meter (not shown) (see fig. 1A-1B: 131), a second conductivity meter (not shown), an air temperature sensor (not shown) (see fig. 1A-1B: 140), a first blower 1042, a second blower (not shown), an air preheater 1043, a first high differential pressure switch 1053, a second high differential pressure switch (not shown) (see fig. 1A-1B: 147), a third high-high differential pressure switch (not shown) (see fig. 1A-1B: 148), A first high-high limit switch 1049 (see fig. 1A-1B:149), a low limit switch (not shown) (see fig. 1A-1B: 150), a high limit switch (not shown) (see fig. 1A-1B: 151), a second high-high limit switch (not shown) (see fig. 1A-1B: 152), a pH meter (not shown) (see fig. 1A-1B:161, a third (drain) valve 1069, a third limit switch (not shown) (see fig. 1A-1B: 170), a fourth limit switch (not shown) (see fig. 1A-1B: 171), a third flow indicator or flow meter 1073 (see fig. 1A-1B: 173), a third shut-off valve (not shown) (see fig. 1A-1B:174), an acid metering pump (not shown) (see fig. 1A-1B: 180&4:466), An acid flow meter (not shown) (see fig. 4:470), a bactericide metering pump (not shown) (see fig. 1A to 1B:185&4:480), a bactericide flow meter (not shown) (see fig. 4:484), a scale inhibition metering pump (not shown) (see fig. 1A to 1B:190), a scale inhibition flow meter (not shown), a defoamer pump (not shown) (see fig. 1A to 1B:195), and/or a defoamer flow meter (not shown). If the raw signals of a component must be processed to provide the appropriate signals for the I/O system, the component will be indirectly coupled to the signal conditioning device.

Bus 610 represents what may be one or more busses (such as an address bus, data bus, or combination thereof). Although the various blocks of FIG. 6 are shown with lines for the sake of clarity, in reality, delineating various components is not so clear, and metaphorically, the lines would more accurately be obscured. For example, a presentation component such as a display device may be considered an I/O component. In addition, many processors have memory. The inventors recognize that such is the nature of the art, and reiterate that the diagram of FIG. 6 is merely illustrative of an exemplary computing device that can be used in connection with one or more embodiments of the present invention. Additionally, no distinction is made between the categories "workstation," server, "" laptop, "" mobile device, "etc., as these are all encompassed within the scope of FIG. 6 and are referred to as" computing devices.

The PLC or computing device 600 of the

systems

100, 400, 1000, 1100 typically includes a variety of computer-readable media. Computer readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by the PLC or computing device 600 and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer readable media may comprise computer storage media and communication media. By way of further example, and not limitation, computer-readable media can also include radio, cellular, or satellite communication media for remotely collecting and/or manipulating data contained within the PLC or computing device 600. Computer storage media includes volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, Digital Versatile Disks (DVD) or other holographic storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to encode desired information and which can be accessed by PLC or computing device 600.

The memory 612 includes computer storage media in the form of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory. The memory 612 may be removable, non-removable, or a combination thereof. Suitable hardware devices include solid state memory, hard disk drives, optical disk drives, and the like. PLC or computing device 600 includes one or more processors 614 that read data from various entities such as memory 612 or I/O components 620.

Presentation component(s) 616 present data indications to a user or other device. In an embodiment, PLC or computing device 600 outputs current data indications including conductivity(s), differential pressure(s), flow rate(s), humidity, pH, pressure, and/or temperature, etc. to presentation component 616. Suitable presentation components 616 include a display device, speakers, a printing component, a vibrating component, and the like.

The user interface 622 allows a user to input/output information to/from the PLC or computing device 600. Suitable user interfaces 622 include keyboards, keypads, touch pads, graphical touch screens, and the like. In some embodiments, the user interface 622 may be combined with a presentation component 616, such as a display and a graphical touch screen. In some embodiments, the user interface 622 may be a portable handheld device. The use of such devices is well known in the art.

In an embodiment, the one or more I/O ports 618 allow the PLC or computing device 600 to be logically coupled to other devices, including: a shut-off valve 106, a first pressure switch 110, a first (feed) valve 112, a first limit switch 113, a second limit switch 114, a first pump 118, a first flow meter 122, a first temperature sensor 130, a first conductivity meter 131, a second conductivity meter 132 (not shown), an air temperature sensor 140, a blower 142, an air heater with fan 143, a first high differential pressure switch 147, a second high-high differential pressure switch 148, a first high-high limit switch 149, a low limit switch 150, a high limit switch 151, a second high-high limit switch 152, a second pump 156, a second pressure switch 159, a pH meter 161, a second (recirculation) valve 166, a third limit switch 167, a fourth limit switch 168, a third (discharge) valve 169, a fifth limit switch 170, a sixth limit switch 171, a second flow meter 173, a third shut-off valve 174, an acid metering pump 180, an acid flow meter (not shown), A biocide metering pump 185, a biocide flow meter (not shown), a scale inhibition metering pump 190, a scale inhibition flow meter (not shown), a defoamer pump 195, and/or a defoamer flow meter (not shown), and other I/O components 620, some of which may be built-in. Examples of other I/O components 620 include printers, scanners, wireless devices, and the like.

In another embodiment, the one or more I/O ports 618 allow the PLC or computing device 600 to be logically coupled to other devices, including: shut-off

valves

406, 506,

first conductivity meters

410, 510,

first flow meters

second conductivity meters

428, 528, a pH meter 430, second three-

way valves

432, 532, blowers 436, 536 (or multiple blowers 436', 436 "), a differential pressure sensor 445, a first temperature sensor 590, a second temperature sensor 592, a high water level switch (not shown), a low water level switch (not shown), a second flow meter 456, an acid metering pump 466, an acid flow meter 470, a sterilant metering pump 480 and/or a sterilant flow meter 484, and other I/O components 620, some of which may be built-in. Examples of other I/O components 620 include printers, scanners, wireless devices, and the like.

In an embodiment, the one or more I/O ports 618 allow the PLC or computing device 600 to be logically coupled to other devices, including: a shut valve 1006, a first pressure switch (not shown) (see fig. 1A-1B: 110), a first (feed) valve 1012, a first limit switch (not shown) (see fig. 1A-1B: 113), a second limit switch (not shown) (see fig. 1A-1B: 114), a pump 1018, a first flow indicator or flow meter 1022, a first temperature sensor (not shown) (see fig. 1A-1B:130), a first conductivity meter (not shown) (see fig. 1A-1B:131), a second conductivity meter (not shown), an air temperature sensor 1040 (see fig. 1A-1B:140), a first blower 1042, a second blower (not shown), an air preheater 1043, a first high differential pressure switch 1053, a second high differential pressure switch (not shown) (see fig. 1A-1B: 147), a second high-high differential pressure switch (not shown) (see fig. 1A-1B: 148), A first high-high limit switch (not shown) (see fig. 1A to 1B: 149), a low limit switch (see fig. 1A to 1B: 150), a high limit switch (not shown) (see fig. 1A to 1B: 151), a second high-high limit switch (not shown) (see fig. 1A to 1B: 152), a pH meter (not shown) (see fig. 1A to 1B: 161), a third (drain) valve 1069, a third limit switch (not shown) (see fig. 1A to 1B: 170), a fourth limit switch (not shown) (see fig. 1A to 1B: 171), a third flow indicator or flow meter 1073 (see fig. 1A to 1B: 173), a second stop valve (not shown) (see fig. 1A to 1B: 174), an acid metering pump (not shown) (see fig. 1A to 1B: 180& 4: 466), An acid flow meter (not shown) (see fig. 4:470), a bactericide metering pump (not shown) (see fig. 1A to 1B: 185& 4: 480), a bactericide flow meter (not shown) (see fig. 4:484), a scale inhibition metering pump (not shown) (see fig. 1A to 1B: 190), a scale inhibition flow meter (not shown), a defoamer pump (not shown) (see fig. 1A to 1B: 195) and/or a defoamer flow meter (not shown), and other I/O components 620, some of which may be built-in. Examples of other I/O components 620 include printers, scanners, wireless devices, and the like.

In an embodiment (see fig. 1A-3), the PLC or computing device 600 controls the dual pump system 100 according to:

for the start-up procedure, the following will occur:

initially, the air temperature sensor 140 is set to a predetermined minimum air temperature (e.g. typically about 25 ° F to about 35 ° F). If the air temperature sensor 140 is activated, the system 100 stops operating because the air heater 143 with the fan cannot raise the temperature of the wastewater in the sump (bottom) of the

containers

139, 339 above freezing.

Initially, the first (feed) valve 112 is in a closed position. To begin processing wastewater, first (feed) valve 112 is switched to an open position to allow feed water to enter first pump 118. In an embodiment, the first limit switch 113 confirms that the first (feed) valve 112 is open; while the second limit switch 114 confirms that the first (feed) valve 112 is closed.

O activate the first pump 118 to fill the sump (bottom) of the

container

139, 339 with the initial fill volume of wastewater. To assist the second (recirculation) pump 156, the

vessels

139, 339 are arranged forwardly inclined to allow maximum depth at the suction (front) end of the

vessels

139, 339 to provide minimum sump volume. If the first conductivity meter 131 measures a predetermined minimum conductivity (e.g., indicating the presence of oil in the feed water), the system 100 is shut down.

When the high limit switch 151 (at the operating level) is activated, then the first (feed) valve 112 is switched to the closed position; and the first pump 118 is turned off. In an embodiment, the second limit switch 114 confirms that the first (feed) valve 112 is closed. If the first high-high limit switch 149 (at the primary enclosure level) is activated, the first (feed) valve 112 and the second (recycle) valve 166 are switched to the closed position; and the first pump 118 and the second pump 156 are turned off to prevent the sump (bottom) of the

containers

139, 339 from being overfilled. In an embodiment, the second limit switch 114 confirms that the first (feed) valve 112 is closed; and the third limit switch 167 confirms that the second (recirculation) valve is closed. If the second high-high limit switch 152 (at the secondary enclosure level) is activated, an alarm is sent to the PLC or computing device 600. Further, the first (feed) valve 112 and the second (recirculation) valve 166 are switched to the closed position; and the first pump 118 and the second pump 156 are turned off to prevent the sump (bottom) of the

containers

139, 339 from being overfilled. In an embodiment, the second limit switch 114 confirms that the first (feed) valve 112 is closed; and the third limit switch 167 confirms that the second (recirculation) valve is closed.

Optionally, based on the initial fill volume, acid may be added to sump (bottom) or line 154 of

containers

139, 339 via acid conditioning system 177, biocide may be added to sump (bottom) or line 154 of

containers

139, 339 via biocide conditioning system 182, scale inhibitor may be added to sump or line 154 of containers via scale inhibition system and/or defoamer may be added to sump (bottom) or line 154 of

containers

139, 339 via defoamer system 192.

O turn on the blower 142. If the first high differential pressure switch 147 is activated, the blower 142 operates. If a flame is stored in the natural gas burner, the air heater 143 having a fan is turned on.

Initially, the second (recirculation) valve 166 is in a closed position. To allow the recycled wastewater to enter the

injection system

134, 334, the second (recycle) valve 166 is switched to an open position. In an embodiment, the third limit switch 167 confirms that the second (recirculation) valve 166 is closed; and the fourth limit switch 168 confirms that the second (recirculation) valve 166 is open.

Initially, the third (drain) valve 169 is in a closed position. In an embodiment, the fifth limit switch 170 confirms that the third (drain) valve 169 is open; and the sixth limit switch 171 confirms that the third (drain) valve 169 is closed.

The second pump 156 is activated to recirculate the waste water from the sump (bottom) of the

container

139, 339 through the

injection system

134, 334. If the second pressure switch 159 is activated, the minimum pressure has been achieved. If the first conductivity sensor/meter 131 measures a predetermined low conductivity (e.g., indicating the presence of oil in the recycled wastewater), the system 100 is shut down.

Optionally, based on the wastewater conditions indicated by the pH meter 161, the first conductivity meter 131, and/or the second conductivity meter 132 (not shown), acid may be added to the sump (bottom) or line 154 of the

vessel

139, 339 via the acid conditioning system 177, a biocide may be added to the sump (bottom) or line 154 of the

vessel

139, 339 via the biocide conditioning system 182, a scale inhibitor may be added to the sump or line 154 of the

vessel

139, 339 via the scale inhibitor system, and/or a defoamer may be added to the sump (bottom) or line 154 of the

vessel

139, 339 via the defoamer system 192.

If the low limit switch 150 is activated, the following occurs:

to continue treating the wastewater, the first (feed) valve 112 is switched to an open position to allow raw water to enter the first pump 118. In an embodiment, the first limit switch 113 confirms that the first (feed) valve 112 is open.

O activate the first pump 118 to fill the sump (bottom) of the

container

139, 339 with the initial fill volume of wastewater. If the first thermal conductivity sensor/meter 131 measures a predetermined minimum conductivity (e.g., indicating the presence of oil in the feedwater), the system 100 is shut down.

When the high limit switch 151 (at the operating level) is activated, then the first (feed) valve 112 is switched to the closed position; and the first pump 118 is turned off. In an embodiment, the second limit switch 114 confirms that the first (feed) valve 112 is closed.

Optionally, based on the initial fill volume, acid may be added to the sump (bottom) or line 154 of the

vessel

139, 339 via an acid conditioning system 177, a biocide may be added to the sump (bottom) or line 154 of the

vessel

139, 339 via a biocide conditioning system 182, a scale inhibitor may be added to the sump (bottom) or line 154 of the

vessel

139, 339 via a scale inhibition system, and/or a defoamer may be added to the sump (bottom) or line 154 of the

vessel

139, 339 via a defoamer system 192.

If the second conductivity meter 132 indicates that the saline has reached the predetermined maximum conductivity, the following occurs:

to start the discharge of brine, the third (discharge) valve 169 is switched to an open position to allow the brine to be discharged from the waste outlet 176. In an embodiment, the fifth limit switch 170 confirms that the third (drain) valve 169 is open.

To prevent recirculation of brine, the second (recirculation) valve 166 is switched to a closed position. In an embodiment, the third limit switch 167 confirms that the second (recirculation) valve 166 is closed.

When the second pressure switch 159 indicates a pressure loss due to almost complete discharge of saline from the discharge outlet 176, the second pump 156 begins to lose self-priming force.

To allow recirculation of the residual brine, the second (recirculation) valve 166 is switched to an open position. In an embodiment, the fourth limit switch 168 confirms that the second (recirculation) valve 166 is open.

To stop discharging brine, the third (discharge) valve 169 is switched to the closed position. In an embodiment, the fifth limit switch 171 confirms that the third (drain) valve 169 is closed.

O activate the first pump 118 to fill the sump (bottom) of the

container

vessel

139, 339 via a defoamer system 192.

The system 100 continues to run until shut down by the PLC or computing device 600 due to one of the situations discussed above.

In an embodiment, the PLC or computing device 600 monitors the hygrometers 414 (e.g., air pressure, humidity, temperature), and controls the operating conditions of the system 100 to maximize evaporation by controlling the droplet size generated by the

spray systems

134, 334 and the volume of air provided by the blower and

heater systems

141, 241, 341, as discussed below.

In an embodiment, the PLC or computing device 600 monitors the pH meter 161 and controls the addition of acid introduced into the water to adjust it to prevent scaling (scaling), as discussed below.

In an embodiment, the PLC or computing device 600 controls the addition of a biocide introduced into the water to condition it to prevent microbial (e.g., algae, details) growth, as discussed below.

In an embodiment, the PLC or computing device 600 controls the addition of scale inhibitors introduced into the water to adjust it to prevent scale (e.g., mineral) build-up, as discussed below.

In an embodiment, the PLC or computing device 600 controls the addition of a defoamer introduced into the water to adjust it to prevent foaming, as discussed below.

In another embodiment (see fig. 4A-5D), the PLC or computing device 600 controls the first three-way valve 416 of the single pump system 400 according to:

if a low level switch (not shown) in the

reservoir

444, 544 is activated, the first three way valve 416 diverts the suction of the

pump

420, 520 to the

water inlet

404, 504 to allow connection to the waste water suction header 402. The first three-way valve 416 will remain in this state until a high level switch (not shown) in the

reservoir

444, 544 is activated.

When a high water level switch (not shown) in the

containers

444, 544 is activated, the first three-way valve 416 diverts the suction of the

pumps

420, 520 to the

extraction lines

452, 552 of the

containers

444, 544, thereby recirculating the water in the

containers

444, 544 through the injection system 440.

In addition, the PLC or computing device 600 controls the second three-

way valves

432, 532 on the discharge side of the

pumps

420, 520 according to:

by default, the second three-

way valve

432, 532 diverts the discharge of water to the injection system 440.

If the conductivity of the water in the

conductivity meter

428, 528 reaches a predetermined maximum conductivity, the second three-

way valve

432, 532 diverts the discharge of concentrated waste to the

waste outlet

458, 558 of the

container

444, 544 to allow connection to an external waste disposal reservoir (e.g., tank, truck or pond) (not shown). The second three-

way valve

432, 532 remains in this position until a low level switch (not shown) in the

container

444, 544 is activated. At this point, the second three-

way valves

432, 532 return to their default positions.

In an embodiment, the PLC or computing device 600 monitors the hygrometer 414 (e.g., air pressure, humidity, temperature), and controls the operating conditions of the system 400 to maximize evaporation by controlling the amount of liquid produced by the spray system 440 and the volume of air provided by the blower systems 434, 534, as discussed below.

In an embodiment, the PLC or computing device 600 monitors the pH meter and controls the addition of acid introduced into the water to adjust it to prevent scale (e.g., mineral) build-up, as discussed below.

In another embodiment (see fig. 10A-10C & 11A-11F), the PLC or computing device 600 controls the first (feed) stop valve 1006, the first (feed) valve 1012, and the second (feed/recycle) valve 1054 of the

single pump system

1000, 1100 according to:

if an optional low water level (not shown) in the tank 1039 is activated, or if the first (feed) shut-off valve 1006 and the first (feed) valve 1012 are switched to an open position (and the third (pump supply) valve 1055 is switched to a closed position), the first (feed) shut-off valve 1006 and the first (feed) valve 1012 divert the suction of the pump 1018 to a flange leading to the water source or water inlet 1004 for connection to the waste water suction header 1002. The first (feed) shut-off valve 1006 and the first (feed) valve 1012 remain in this state until an optional high level switch (not shown) is activated, or until the first (feed) shut-off valve 1006 and the first (feed) valve 1012 are switched to a closed state.

In addition, the PLC or computing device 600 controls the second (feed/recycle) valve 1054 of the

single pump system

1000, 1100 according to:

if the second (feed/recycle) valve 1054 switches to an open position (and the fourth (drain) valve 1069 switches to a closed position), the second (feed/recycle) valve 1054 diverts the discharge of water from the pump 1018 to the manifold 1028 or the drip system 1034. The second (feed/recycle) valve 1054 maintains this state until the second (feed/recycle) valve 1054 is switched to the closed state.

In addition, the PLC or computing device 600 controls the third (pump supply) valve 1055 of the

single pump system

1000, 1100 according to:

if the third (pump supply) valve 1055 is switched to the open position (and the first (feed) valve 1012 and the fourth (drain) valve 1069 are switched to the closed position, the third (pump supply) valve 1055 diverts the suction of the pump 1018 to the extraction line 1055a, thereby recirculating the condensed water in the container 1039 through the trickle system 1034. the third (pump supply) valve 1055 maintains this state until the third (pump supply) valve 1055 is switched to the closed position.

In addition, the PLC or computing device 600 controls the fourth (discharge) valve 1069 of the

single pump system

1000, 1100 according to:

If the conductivity of the water in the optional second conductivity meter (not shown) reaches a predetermined maximum conductivity, the fourth (discharge) valve 1069 is switched to an open position to divert the discharge of concentrated waste to a waste flange or discharge outlet 1076 to allow connection to an external waste disposal reservoir (e.g., tank, truck, or pond). (see, e.g., fig. 10A and 10C). The fourth (drain) valve 1069 remains in this position until an optional low level switch (not shown) in the container 1039 is activated. At this time, the fourth (drain) valve 1069 is switched to the closed position.

If the fourth (drain) valve 1069 is switched to an open position, the fourth (drain) valve 1069 diverts the discharge of concentrated waste to a waste flange or discharge outlet 1076 to allow connection to an external waste disposal reservoir (e.g., a tank, truck, or pond). (see, e.g., fig. 10A and 10C). The fourth (drain) valve 1069 remains in this position until the fourth (drain) valve 1069 is switched to the closed position.

In an embodiment, the PLC or computing device 600 controls the natural gas flow to the air preheater 1043 burner to control the resulting air temperature based on the ambient air temperature and the desired vaporization rate. In an embodiment, the natural gas flow control valve may be modulated from a fully open position to a fully closed position, and vice versa.

In an embodiment, the PLC or computing device 600 monitors the hygrometers (e.g., air pressure, humidity, temperature), and controls the operating conditions of the

systems

1000, 1100 to maximize evaporation by controlling the droplet size produced by the trickle system 1034 and the volume of air provided by the blower and preheater system 1041, as discussed below.

In an embodiment, the PLC or computing device 600 monitors the pH meter and controls the addition of acid introduced into the water to adjust it to prevent scaling (fouling), as discussed below.

Method for a system using jet evaporation of water

Fig. 7A-7B illustrate a flow chart of a method 700 of a system using jet evaporation of water. In an embodiment, method 700 includes: selecting predetermined parameters (e.g., air flow rate, air heating rate, maximum conductivity, maximum humidity, maximum pH, minimum air temperature, minimum pH, water flow rate, water droplet size) for a system for jet evaporation of water, using a first pump and a first valve to draw wastewater from an external water source into the system, diverting the wastewater to a jet nozzle; spraying the wastewater through a spray nozzle to produce water droplets; spraying water droplets into a container of the system together with a volume of air, collecting condensate in a sump (bottom) of the container, recirculating the condensate from the bottom of the container using a second pump and a second valve; and using a third valve to divert the concentrated waste to a waste outlet, as shown in fig. 7A-7B.

In an embodiment, method 700 includes the following step 702: the predetermined parameters (e.g., maximum conductivity, water droplet size, air flow rate, air heating rate, water flow rate, maximum humidity) are selected for the system for jet evaporation of water. In embodiments, the maximum conductivity can be about 1,000micro μ S/cm to about 400,000 μ S/cm (and any range or value therebetween). In embodiments, the water droplet size may be about 50 μm to about 1,000 μm (and any range or value therebetween). In embodiments, the air flow rate may be about 60,000 cubic feet per minute (CFM) to about 150,000CFM (and any range or value therebetween). In an embodiment, the air heating rate may be about 0BTU per hour to about 400 ten thousand BTU per hour (and any range or value therebetween). In an embodiment, the water flow rate may be about 50 Gallons Per Minute (GPM) to about 800GPM (and any range or value therebetween).

In an embodiment, method 700 includes the following step 704: a first pump and a first valve are used to draw wastewater from an external water source into the system. In an embodiment, the wastewater inlet permits connection to an external wastewater source. The water inlet may be connected to an external source of wastewater via a hose, pipe, or other means commonly used in the art.

In an embodiment, method 700 includes the following step 706: diverting inlet wastewater or condensate to a spray nozzle; and spraying the inlet wastewater through a spray nozzle to produce water droplets. In an embodiment, the size of the water droplets may be determined to produce an optimal surface area for water evaporation, but large enough to minimize the amount of penetration through the pores of the demister pad.

In an embodiment, method 700 includes the following step 708: the water droplets are sprayed into the vessel of the system. In an embodiment, water droplets may be sprayed furthest into the container to prolong air contact and enhance water evaporation. In an embodiment, air may be blown against the sprayed water droplets to increase air contact and improve water evaporation.

In an embodiment, method 700 includes the following step 710: the condensed water is collected in the sump (bottom) of the container. In an embodiment, the non-evaporated water is condensed in a demister element of the system, and the condensed water is collected in a sump (bottom) of the container.

In an embodiment, method 700 includes the following step 712: a second pump and a second valve are used to recycle the condensed water from the vessel sump (bottom). In an embodiment, when the condensate reaches a predetermined high level, the second pump draws the condensate from the sump (bottom) of the container and the second pump diverts the condensate to the spray nozzles. In an embodiment, the second pump continues to recirculate the condensate water until the condensate water in the sump (bottom) of the vessel reaches a predetermined low level or a predetermined maximum conductivity (as measured by a conductivity meter). In an embodiment, when the condensate in the sump (bottom) of the container reaches a predetermined low level, a first pump draws the wastewater from the external water source into the system.

In an embodiment, method 700 includes the following step 714: a third valve is used to divert concentrate water to a waste outlet. In an embodiment, the third valve diverts the concentrated waste to the waste outlet when the condensed waste water reaches a predetermined maximum conductivity. In an embodiment, the waste outlet permits connection to an external waste disposal reservoir (e.g., tank, truck, pond). The waste outlet is connected to an external waste disposal reservoir via a hose, tubing, or other means commonly used in the art.

In an embodiment, the method 700 may further include the following step 716: an air temperature sensor is used to monitor the ambient temperature. In an embodiment, the system is turned off when the ambient temperature hinders water evaporation, as discussed below.

In an embodiment, the method 700 may further include the following step 718: monitoring the pH of the inlet wastewater or condensate using a pH meter; and adding an acid solution to the inlet wastewater or condensed water to maintain the pH at about 6.5 or below to minimize calcium carbonate scaling. In an embodiment, if scale inhibitors are added to minimize carbonate and non-carbonate scaling, the desired pH of the wastewater may be above 6.5.

The acid may be any suitable acid. Suitable acids include, but are not limited to, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. In an embodiment, the acid may be hydrochloric acid (20 baume degrees). In an embodiment, the acid may be sulfuric acid (98%). In an embodiment, the desired pH of the wastewater is about 6.5 or below to minimize carbonate fouling. In an embodiment, if scale inhibitors are added to minimize carbonate and non-carbonate scaling, the desired pH of the wastewater may be above 6.5. In an embodiment, the amount of acid solution added to the wastewater varies depending on the inlet water conditions (e.g., pH).

In an embodiment, the method 700 may further include the following step 720: maintaining the biocide in the inlet wastewater or condensate. In an embodiment, a predetermined amount of a biocide solution may be added to the inlet wastewater or condensate to prevent microbial growth.

In an embodiment, the method 700 may further include the following step 722: maintaining the scale inhibitor in the inlet wastewater or condensate. In an embodiment, a predetermined amount of scale inhibitor solution may be added to the inlet wastewater or condensate to prevent scale growth.

In an embodiment, the method 700 may further include the following step 724: the defoamer in the inlet water or condensed water is maintained. In an embodiment, a predetermined amount of a defoaming agent may be added to the inlet wastewater or condensed water to prevent foaming.

In an embodiment, the method 700 may further comprise the following step 726: the method 700 is automated using a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) or computing device. In an embodiment, predetermined parameters (e.g., air flow rate, air heating rate, maximum conductivity, maximum humidity, maximum pH, minimum air temperature, minimum pH, water flow rate, water droplet size) are input into a PLC or computing device.

In an embodiment, when the ambient air temperature is above a predetermined minimum air temperature, the PLC or computing device controls the system in an "external source" mode according to:

the first valve diverts the suction of the first pump to the water inlet, thereby directing the discharge of waste water to the spray nozzle.

The first pump and blower and heater system are running.

The spray nozzle disperses the waste water into droplets into the container.

Any non-evaporated water droplets are retained by the pores of the demister element(s) and fall by gravity to the bottom of the container.

In an embodiment, the PLC or computing device monitors the pH of the inlet wastewater or condensed water via a pH meter and automatically adds an acid solution to the pump discharge using an acid metering pump in an acid adjustment system to maintain the pH at or below about 6.5pH to minimize calcium carbonate structure. In an embodiment, the PLC or computing device may use an acid metering pump and an acid flow meter to add a quantity of acid solution to the pump discharge.

In an embodiment, when the condensate in the sump (bottom) of the container reaches a predetermined high level, the PLC or computing device controls the system in "recirculation" mode:

the first valve diverts the suction of the second pump to a suction line connected to the bottom of the container.

The second valve diverts the discharge of condensed water to the injection nozzle.

The second pump and blower and heater system continue to run.

Spray nozzles spray condensed water into the vessel.

Any non-evaporated water droplets are retained by the pores of the demister element(s) and fall by gravity into the sump (bottom) of the container.

The PLC or computing device continues to operate the system in "recirculation" mode until the level of condensate in the sump (bottom) of the vessel is at or below the low level switch, or until the condensate reaches a predetermined maximum conductivity.

In an embodiment, the PLC or computing device monitors the pH of the inlet wastewater or condensed water via a pH meter and automatically adds an acid solution to the pump discharge using an acid metering pump in an acid adjustment system to maintain the pH at or below about 6.5pH to minimize calcium carbonate structure. In an embodiment, if scale inhibitors are added to minimize carbonate and non-carbonate scaling, the desired pH of the wastewater may be above 6.5.

In an embodiment, the PLC or computing device uses a conductivity meter to monitor the conductivity of the inlet wastewater or condensed water.

In an embodiment, when the condensed water reaches a predetermined maximum conductivity, the PLC or computing device controls the system in a "waste discharge" manner according to:

the first valve continues to divert the suction of the second pump to the suction line connected to the bottom of the container.

A third valve diverts the discharge of concentrated waste to a waste outlet.

The second pump continues to run; however, the blower and heater system and acid pump are turned off.

Conductivity and pH could not be monitored.

The PLC or other computing device continues to operate the system in the "drain" mode until the water level in the sump (bottom) of the vessel is at or below the low level switch. At this point, the PLC or other computing device resumes operating the system in the "external source" mode and proceeds as described above.

In an embodiment, when the ambient air temperature reaches a predetermined minimum air temperature, the PLC or computing device controls the system in "hover" mode according to the following:

the pump(s), and blower and heater system are shut down.

The first valve diverts the suction of the second pump to an extraction line connected to the sump (bottom) of the container.

The second valve diverts the discharge of waste water to the spray nozzle.

In an embodiment, when the ambient air temperature reaches a level above a predetermined minimum level, the PLC or computing device resumes operating the system in "external source" mode and proceeds as described above.

Method of system using jet evaporation of water demonstrating an alternative embodiment

First alternative embodiment

Fig. 8A-8B illustrate a flow chart of a method 800 of a first alternative system using jet evaporation of water. In an embodiment, method 800 includes: selecting predetermined parameters for the system for spray evaporation of water (e.g., air flow rate, air heating rate, maximum conductivity, maximum humidity, maximum pH, minimum air temperature, minimum pH, water flow rate, water droplet size); pumping wastewater from an external water source into the system using a pump; diverting the wastewater to a spray nozzle; spraying the wastewater through a spray nozzle to produce water droplets, using a blower to blow the water droplets and air into a vessel of the system; collecting the condensed water in a sump (bottom) of the vessel; using a pump to recycle the condensed water at the bottom of the vessel; and diverting the concentrated waste to a waste outlet, as shown in fig. 8A-8B.

In an embodiment, method 800 includes the following step 802: the predetermined parameters (e.g., maximum conductivity, water droplet size, air flow rate, air heating rate, water flow rate, maximum humidity) are selected for the system for jet evaporation of water. In embodiments, the maximum conductivity can be about 1,000micro μ S/cm to about 400,000 μ S/cm (and any range or value therebetween). In embodiments, the water droplet size may be about 50 μm to about 1,000 μm (and any range or value therebetween). In embodiments, the air flow rate may be about 60,000 cubic feet per minute (CFM) to about 150,000CFM (and any range or value therebetween). In an embodiment, the water flow rate may be about 50 Gallons Per Minute (GPM) to about 800GPM (and any range or value therebetween). In embodiments, the water flow rate may be about 15GPM to about 100GPM (and any range or value therebetween).

In an embodiment, the method 800 includes the following steps 804: a pump is used to draw wastewater from an external water source into the system. In an embodiment, the wastewater inlet permits connection to an external wastewater source. The water inlet may be connected to an external source of wastewater via a hose, pipe, or other means commonly used in the art.

In an embodiment, method 800 includes the following step 806: using a three-way valve to divert inlet wastewater or condensate to the spray nozzle; and spraying the inlet wastewater or condensate through the spray nozzle to produce water droplets. In an embodiment, the size of the water droplets may be determined to produce an optimal surface area for water evaporation.

In an embodiment, the method 800 includes the following steps 808: water droplets and air are blown into the system's container. In an embodiment, water droplets may be blown to the furthest in the container to prolong air contact and enhance water evaporation.

In an embodiment, method 800 includes the following steps 810: the condensed water is collected in the sump (bottom) of the container. In an embodiment, the non-evaporated water is condensed in a demister element of the system, and the condensed water is collected in a sump (bottom) of the container.

In an embodiment, method 800 includes the following step 812: the condensed water from the vessel sump (bottom) is recycled. In an embodiment, when the condensate reaches a predetermined high level, the pump draws the condensate from the sump (bottom) of the container, rather than drawing the wastewater from an external source into the system. In an embodiment, the pump continues to recirculate the condensate until the condensate in the sump (bottom) of the vessel reaches a predetermined low level or a predetermined maximum conductivity (as measured by a conductivity meter). In an embodiment, when the condensate in the sump (bottom) of the container reaches a predetermined low level, a pump draws the wastewater from the external water into the system.

In an embodiment, method 800 includes the following step 814: a three-way valve is used to divert concentrate water to a waste outlet. In an embodiment, the three-way valve diverts the concentrated waste to the waste outlet when the condensed waste water reaches a predetermined maximum conductivity. In an embodiment, the waste outlet permits connection to an external waste disposal reservoir (e.g., tank, truck, pond). The waste outlet is connected to an external waste disposal reservoir via a hose, tubing, or other means commonly used in the art.

In an embodiment, the method 800 may further include the following step 816: a hygrometer is used to monitor the weather conditions. In an embodiment, the system is turned off when weather conditions (e.g., air pressure, humidity, temperature) prevent water evaporation, as discussed below.

In an embodiment, the method 800 may further include the following step 818: monitoring the pH of the inlet wastewater or condensate using a pH meter; and adding an acid solution to the inlet wastewater or condensed water to maintain the pH at about 6.5 or below to minimize calcium carbonate scaling. In an embodiment, if scale inhibitors are added to minimize carbonate and non-carbonate scaling, the desired pH of the wastewater may be above 6.5.

The acid may be any suitable acid. Suitable acids include, but are not limited to, hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid. In an embodiment, the acid may be hydrochloric acid (20 baume degrees). In an embodiment, the acid may be sulfuric acid (98%). In an embodiment, the desired pH of the wastewater is about 6.5 or below to minimize calcium carbide scaling. In an embodiment, the amount of acid solution added to the wastewater varies depending on the inlet water conditions (e.g., pH, alkalinity).

In an embodiment, the method 800 may further include the following step 820: a predetermined amount of a biocide solution is added to the inlet of the wastewater or condensed water to minimize microbial growth.

The biocide may be any suitable biocide. Suitable biocides include, but are not limited to: bleach, bromine, chlorine dioxide (generated), 2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionic acid (DBNPA), glutaraldehyde, isothiazoline (1.5%), and ozone (generated). In embodiments, the biocide may be selected from the group consisting of: bleach (12.5%), bromine, chlorine dioxide (generated), DBNPA (20%), glutaraldehyde (50%), isothiazoline (1.5%), and ozone (generated). In embodiments, the desired concentration of biocide is about 10ppm to about 1000ppm (and ranges or values therebetween). The amount of biocide solution added to the wastewater varies depending on the inlet water conditions.

In an embodiment, the method 800 may further include the following step 822: the method 800 is automated using a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) or computing device. In an embodiment, predetermined parameters (e.g., air flow rate, air heating rate, maximum conductivity, maximum humidity, maximum pH, minimum air temperature, minimum pH, water flow rate, water droplet size) are input into a PLC or computing device.

In an embodiment, when the ambient humidity is below a predetermined maximum humidity, the PLC or computing device controls the system in an "external source" mode according to:

a first three-way valve diverts the suction of the pump to the water inlet.

The second three-way valve diverts the discharge of waste water to the injection nozzle.

The pump and blower are running.

The spray nozzles atomize the wastewater into water droplets, and the blower blows the water droplets and air into the vessel.

a first three-way valve diverts the suction of the pump to a suction line connected to the bottom of the container.

The second three-way valve continues to divert the discharge of condensed water to the injection nozzle.

The pump and blower continue to run.

Condensed water is atomized by the injection nozzles and blown by the blower from the front to the rear of the container according to predetermined parameters (e.g. water droplet size, air flow rate).

In an embodiment, the PLC or computing device monitors the pH of the inlet wastewater or condensed water via a pH meter and, if desired, based on the wastewater quality, automatically adds an acid solution to the pump discharge using an acid metering pump in an acid conditioning system to maintain the pH at or below about 6.5 pH.

the first three-way valve continues to divert the suction of the pump to the suction line connected to the bottom of the container.

A second three-way valve diverts the discharge of concentrated waste to a waste outlet.

The pump continues to run; however, the blower and acid pump were turned off.

Conductivity and pH could not be monitored.

In an embodiment, when the ambient humidity reaches a predetermined maximum humidity, the PLC or computing device controls the system in "hover" mode according to:

the pump(s) and blower are turned off.

A first three-way valve diverts the suction of the pump to a suction line connected to the sump (bottom) of the container.

In an embodiment, when the ambient humidity reaches a level below a predetermined maximum level, the PLC or computing device resumes operating the system in "external source" mode and proceeds as described above.

Second alternative embodiment

Fig. 12A-12B illustrate a flow chart of a method 1200 of a second alternative system using jet evaporation of water. In an embodiment, the method 1200 includes: selecting predetermined parameters for the system for spray evaporation of water (e.g., air flow rate, air heating rate, ambient temperature, discharge air temperature, maximum conductivity, maximum humidity, maximum pH, minimum air temperature, minimum pH, total suspended solids, Volatile Organic Carbon (VOC), water flow rate at the feed inlet, water flow rate at the discharge outlet, water droplet size); pumping wastewater from an external water source into the system using a pump; diverting the wastewater to a manifold, trickle system, packing system, or tray system; passing the wastewater or water droplets through a packing system or tray system disposed within the vessel of the system; using a blower and heater system to blow air into the vessel in opposition to the waste water droplets or water droplets from the trickle system; collecting the condensed water in a sump (bottom) of the vessel; using a pump to recirculate the condensed water from the bottom of the vessel to the top of the vessel; and diverting the concentrated waste to a waste outlet, as shown in fig. 12A-12B.

In an embodiment, the method 1200 includes the following step 1202: predetermined parameters (e.g., air flow rate, air heating rate, ambient temperature, exhaust air temperature, maximum conductivity, maximum humidity, maximum pH, minimum air temperature, minimum pH, total suspended solids, Volatile Organic Carbon (VOC), water flow rate at the feed inlet, water flow rate at the exhaust outlet, water droplet size) are selected for the system for jet evaporation of water. In embodiments, the maximum conductivity can be about 1,000micro μ S/cm to about 400,000 μ S/cm (and any range or value therebetween). In an embodiment, the air flow rate may be about 5,000 cubic feet per minute (CFM) to about 28,000CFM (and any range or value therebetween). In an embodiment, the air flow rate may be about 5,400 CFM.

In an embodiment, the water flow rate may be about 15 Gallons Per Minute (GPM) to about 100GPM (and any range or value therebetween). In an embodiment, the water flow rate may be about 50GPM at about 20psi pressure.

In an embodiment, method 1200 includes the following step 1204: a pump is used to draw wastewater from an external water source into the system. In an embodiment, the wastewater inlet permits connection to an external wastewater source. The water inlet may be connected to an external source of wastewater via a hose, pipe, or other means commonly used in the art.

In an embodiment, method 1200 includes the following step 1206: using a 2-way valve to divert inlet wastewater or condensate to a manifold, trickle system, packing system, or tray system; and flowing inlet wastewater or condensate through the drip holes to produce a wastewater stream and/or water droplets.

In an embodiment, the method 1200 includes the following step 1208 a: flowing the waste water droplets and/or water droplets through a packing system and/or a tray system arranged within the system vessel; and step 1208 b: a blower and heater system is used to blow air into the container. In an embodiment, air may be blown against the flowing water droplets to increase air contact and improve water evaporation.

In an embodiment, method 1200 includes the following step 1210: the condensed water is collected in the sump (bottom) of the container. In an embodiment, the non-evaporated water is condensed in a demister element of the system, and the condensed water is collected in a sump (bottom) of the container.

In an embodiment, method 1200 includes the following steps 1212: the condensed water from the vessel sump (bottom) is recycled using a pump. In an embodiment, when the condensate reaches a predetermined high level, the pump draws the condensate from the sump (bottom) of the container, rather than drawing the wastewater from an external source into the system. In an embodiment, the pump continues to recirculate the condensate until the condensate in the sump (bottom) of the vessel reaches a predetermined low level or a predetermined maximum conductivity (as measured by a conductivity meter). In an embodiment, when the condensate in the sump (bottom) of the container reaches a predetermined low level, a pump draws the wastewater from the external water into the system.

In an embodiment, method 1200 includes the following steps 1214: a 2-way valve is used to divert concentrate water to a waste outlet. In an embodiment, the 2-way valve diverts the concentrated waste to the waste outlet when the condensed waste water reaches a predetermined maximum conductivity. In an embodiment, the waste outlet permits connection to an external waste disposal reservoir (e.g., tank, truck, pond). (see, e.g., fig. 10A and 10C). The waste outlet is connected to an external waste disposal reservoir via a hose, tubing, or other means commonly used in the art.

In an embodiment, the method 1200 may further include the optional step 1216: a hygrometer is used to monitor the weather conditions. In an embodiment, the system is turned off when weather conditions (e.g., air pressure, humidity, temperature) prevent water evaporation, as discussed below.

In an embodiment, the method 1200 may further include the following optional step 1218: monitoring the pH of the inlet wastewater or condensate using a pH meter; and adding an acid solution to the inlet wastewater or condensed water to maintain the pH at about 6.5 or below to minimize calcium carbonate scaling. In an embodiment, if scale inhibitors are added to minimize carbonate and non-carbonate scaling, the desired pH of the wastewater may be above 6.5.

In an embodiment, the method 1200 may further comprise the following optional step 1220: a predetermined amount of a biocide solution is added to the inlet wastewater or condensed water to minimize microbial growth.

In an embodiment, the method 1200 may further include the optional step 1222 of: the method 1200 is automated using a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) or computing device. In an embodiment, predetermined parameters (e.g., air flow rate, air heating rate, maximum conductivity, maximum humidity, maximum pH, minimum air temperature, minimum pH, water flow rate, water droplet size) are input into a PLC or computing device.

a first (shut off) valve and a first (feed) valve divert the suction of the pump to the water inlet.

A second (feed/recycle) valve diverts the discharge of waste water via the pump to the drip hole.

The pump and blower are running.

The outlet of the drip hole discharges water droplets, and the blower blows the water droplets and air into the container.

a second (feed/recycle) valve and a third (recycle) valve divert the discharge of the condensed water via the pump to the drip hole.

The pump and blower continue to run.

According to predetermined parameters (e.g. water droplet size, air flow rate), the condensed water is distributed through the drip holes and blown by the blower from the bottom to the top of the container.

the pump, blower, and acid pump were turned off.

A fourth (discharge) valve diverts the discharge of concentrated waste to a waste outlet.

Conductivity and pH could not be monitored.

The PLC or other computing device continues to operate the system in "waste dump" mode until the water level in the sump (bottom) of the vessel is at or below the low level switch. At this point, the PLC or other computing device resumes operating the system in the "external source" mode and proceeds as described above.

pump and blower off.

The embodiments set forth herein are presented to best explain the present invention and its practical application and to thereby enable those skilled in the art to make and utilize the invention. Those skilled in the art, however, will recognize that the foregoing description has been presented for the purpose of illustration and example only. The description as set forth is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching without departing from the spirit and scope of the following claims. It is specifically intended that the invention be as broad as the following claims and their equivalents.

Definition of

As used herein, the terms "a", "an", "the" and "the" mean one or more, unless the context indicates otherwise.

As used herein, the term "about" refers to a specified value plus or minus an error magnitude, or plus or minus 10% if no method of measurement is indicated.

As used herein, the term "or" means "and/or" unless explicitly indicated to refer only to alternatives or alternatives are mutually exclusive.

As used herein, the term "comprising" is an open transition term used to transition from a subject recited before the term to one or more elements recited after the term, wherein the one or more elements listed after the transition term are not necessarily the only elements that make up the subject.

As used herein, the term "comprising" has the same open-ended meaning as "comprising" provided above.

As used herein, the term "having" has the same open-ended meaning as "comprising" provided above.

As used herein, the phrase "consisting of … …" is a closed transition term used to transition from a subject recited before the term to one or more material elements recited after the term, where the one or more material elements listed after the transition term are the only material elements that make up the subject.

As used herein, the term "simultaneously" refers to simultaneous or about simultaneous, including parallel.

Is incorporated by referenceAll patents and patent applications, articles, reports and other documents cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety to the extent they are not inconsistent with this invention.

Claims

1. A wastewater evaporation system for evaporating a water spray, comprising:

a. a wastewater feed inlet;

b. a pump, wherein an outlet of the wastewater inlet is fluidly connected to an inlet of the pump, and wherein an outlet of the pump is fluidly connected to an inlet of a manifold;

c. a weep hole, wherein an outlet of the manifold is fluidly connected to an inlet of the weep hole;

d. a container, wherein an upper portion of the container is capped with a defogging element;

e. A packing system and/or a tray system disposed within the vessel, wherein the outlet of the weep hole discharges waste water droplets and/or water droplets onto the packing system and/or tray system;

f. a drain outlet, wherein a bottom of the container is fluidly connected to the drain outlet; and

g. an air system comprising a blower and optionally an air preheater, wherein the air system is arranged through a wall of the container, and wherein the air system discharges an air flow in counter-current to the waste water droplets and/or water droplets from the drip hole.

2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:

a. a first valve, wherein the wastewater feed inlet is fluidly connected to an inlet of the first valve, and an outlet of the first valve is fluidly connected to an inlet of the pump;

b. a second valve, wherein an outlet of the pump is fluidly connected to an inlet of the second valve, and wherein an outlet of the second valve is fluidly connected to an inlet of the manifold;

c. a third valve, wherein the bottom of the vessel is fluidly connected to an inlet of the third valve, and wherein an outlet of the third valve is fluidly connected to an inlet of the pump;

d. a fourth valve, wherein an outlet of the pump is fluidly connected to an inlet of the fourth valve, and wherein an outlet of the fourth valve is fluidly connected to the drain outlet.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the system is capable of evaporating about 30 to about 100 barrels of wastewater per day.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the pump produces a flow of water into the system of about 15GPM to about 100 GPM.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the demister element has a thickness of about 4 inches to about 12 inches.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the demister element has a thickness of about 10 inches.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein the packing system and/or tray system comprises random packing, structured packing, or a combination thereof.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the packing system and/or tray system comprises perforated trays.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein the packing system comprises:

a. a porous column plate; and

b. a packing, wherein the packing is disposed on the perforated deck.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein the packing system comprises random packing, structured packing, or a combination thereof.

11. The system of claim 9, wherein the filler is a random filler, wherein the filler is made of ceramic, plastic, metal, or a combination thereof.

12. The system of claim 9, wherein the packing is structured packing, wherein the packing is made of ceramic, plastic, metal, or a combination thereof.

13. The system of claim 9, wherein the packing is containerized packing.

14. The system of claim 1, wherein the tray system comprises:

a. a first perforated tray; and

b. a second perforated tray, wherein the first perforated tray discharges water droplets onto the second perforated tray.

15. The system of claim 1, wherein the air preheater comprises a natural gas burner.

16. The system of claim 1, wherein the air preheater comprises a natural gas burner, wherein the natural gas burner is adapted to move relative to the packing system.

17. The system of claim 1, wherein the air preheater comprises a natural gas burner and a natural gas powered generator.

18. The system of claim 1, wherein the air preheater comprises a natural gas burner and a natural gas control valve, and wherein the natural gas control valve is capable of providing a fixed flow rate or a modulated flow rate.

19. The system of claim 1, wherein the air flow from the blower disperses water droplets from the drip orifice.

20. The system of claim 1, wherein the blower generates an air flow rate of about 2,500CFM to about 6,500 CFM.

21. The system of claim 1, wherein an air flow inlet of the air preheater is fluidly connected to an air flow outlet of the blower.

22. The system of claim 1, wherein the air preheater generates an air heating rate of about 0BTU per hour to about 210 ten thousand BTU per hour.

23. The system of claim 1, wherein the air preheater generates air at a temperature of about 50 ° F to about 400 ° F.

24. The system of claim 1, wherein the air system is disposed through a wall of the container upstream of the defogging element.

25. The system of claim 1, wherein the air system is disposed downstream of the defogging element through a wall of the container.

26. The system of claim 1, further comprising a deflector or diffuser, wherein the deflector or diffuser is disposed within the vessel to redirect the air flow in the vessel.

27. The system of claim 1, further comprising a vane, wherein the vane is disposed within the vessel to redirect the flow of air in the vessel.

28. The system of claim 27, wherein the blade extends across a cross-section of the vessel.

29. The system of claim 1, further comprising a vane, wherein the vane is disposed in the air conduit between the air discharge outlet of the air system and the air inlet to the container.

30. The system of claim 1, further comprising a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) or other computing device, wherein the PLC or other computing device controls the air flow rate from the blower.

31. The system of claim 1, further comprising an acid conditioning system, wherein the acid conditioning system adds an acid solution to the wastewater.

32. The system of claim 1, further comprising a biocide conditioning system, wherein the biocide conditioning system adds a biocide to the wastewater.

33. The system of claim 1, further comprising a scale inhibition regulation system, wherein the scale inhibition regulation system adds a scale inhibitor to the wastewater.

34. The system of claim 1, further comprising a defoamer system, wherein the defoamer system adds a defoamer to the wastewater.

35. The system of claim 1, further comprising a skid, wherein the wastewater evaporation system is mounted on the skid.

36. The system of claim 1, further comprising a skid mounted on or removably secured to a trailer or truck, wherein the wastewater evaporation system is mounted on the skid.

37. The system of claim 1, further comprising an enclosure system, wherein the enclosure system comprises a liner surrounded by a skid, and wherein the wastewater evaporation system is mounted on the skid.

38. The system of claim 37, further comprising an extraction line, wherein an inlet of the extraction line is disposed within a footprint of the liner and an outlet of the extraction line is fluidly connected to an inlet of the vessel.

39. The system of claim 37, further comprising a draw line, wherein an inlet of the draw line is disposed in the liner and an outlet of the draw line is fluidly connected to an inlet of the pump.

40. The system of claim 1, further comprising insulation and/or heat tracing disposed about the pump.

41. The system of claim 2, further comprising insulation and/or heat tracing disposed about the pump, the first valve, the second valve, the third valve, and the fourth valve.

42. The system of claim 1, further comprising a heated enclosure disposed about the pump, optionally about a lower portion of the vessel, optionally about a generator, and optionally about a nitrogen purge system.

43. The system of claim 1, further comprising an air, argon, or nitrogen purge system comprising an air, argon, or nitrogen source, wherein an outlet of the air, argon, or nitrogen purge system is fluidly connected to an inlet of the pump.

44. A method for water-jet evaporation, comprising:

a. providing the wastewater evaporation system of claim 1;

b. selecting predetermined parameters for water injection evaporation for a wastewater evaporation system;

c. pumping wastewater from an external water source into the wastewater evaporation system using a pump;

d. diverting the wastewater to a drip hole;

e. passing the wastewater through the drip holes to produce water droplets;

f. allowing the water droplets to drip onto a packing system and/or a tray system arranged within the vessel of the wastewater evaporation system;

g. blowing air into the container using a blower in opposition to the water droplets from the drip holes;

h. collecting condensed water at the bottom of the container;

i. recycling the condensed water at the bottom of the vessel; and

j. Diverting concentrated waste to the discharge outlet.

45. The method of claim 44, further comprising monitoring the conductivity of the condensed water using a conductivity meter.

46. The method of claim 44, wherein the predetermined parameters include air flow rate, air heating rate, maximum conductivity, and water flow rate, and wherein concentrated water is discharged to the drain outlet when the conductivity of the condensed water reaches maximum conductivity.

47. The method of claim 44, further comprising monitoring ambient air temperature using a temperature sensor, wherein the predetermined parameters further include a minimum air temperature.

48. The method of claim 47, wherein the system is turned off when the ambient air temperature reaches the minimum air temperature.

49. The method of claim 44, further comprising monitoring the pH of the condensed water using a pH meter and adding an acid solution to the condensed water to maintain the pH at or below about 6.5.

50. The method of claim 44, further comprising adding a bactericide to the condensed water.

51. The method of claim 44, further comprising adding a scale inhibitor to the condensed water.

52. The method of claim 44, further comprising adding a defoamer to the condensed water.

53. The method of claim 50, further comprising monitoring the pH of the condensed water using a pH meter and adding an acid solution to the condensed water to maintain the pH at or below about 6.5.

54. The method of claim 44, further comprising controlling the system using a programmable logic controller or other computing device.

55. The method of claim 44, wherein the system is capable of evaporating about 30 to about 100 barrels of wastewater per day.

56. The method of claim 44, wherein the pump produces a water flow rate into the system of about 15GPM to about 100 GPM.

57. The method of claim 44, wherein the demister element has a thickness of about 4 inches to about 12 inches.

58. The method of claim 44, wherein the packing system and/or the tray system comprises pall rings, random packing, or a combination thereof.

59. The process of claim 44, wherein the packing system and/or the tray system comprises perforated trays.

60. The method of claim 44, wherein the packing system comprises:

a. a porous column plate; and

b. A packing, wherein the packing is disposed on the perforated deck.

61. The method of claim 60, wherein the packing is selected from random packing, structured packing, and combinations thereof.

62. The method of claim 44, wherein the tray system comprises:

a. a first perforated tray; and

63. The method of claim 44, wherein the blower generates an air flow rate of about 2,500CFM to about 6,500 CFM.

64. The method of claim 44, wherein an air flow inlet of the air preheater is fluidly connected to an air flow outlet of the blower.

65. The method of claim 44, wherein the air preheater generates an air heating rate of about 0BTU per hour to about 210 ten thousand BTU per hour.

66. The method of claim 44, wherein the air preheater generates air at a temperature of about 50 ° F to about 400 ° F.

67. The method of claim 44, further comprising pretreating the wastewater upstream of the wastewater inlet of the wastewater evaporation system to reduce or remove volatile organic compounds.

68. The method of claim 44, further comprising discharging evaporated water through the evaporated water outlet.

69. The method of claim 68, further comprising collecting the evaporated water from the evaporated water outlet and condensing the evaporated water in a low pressure tube.

70. The method of claim 68, further comprising heating the evaporated water upstream of the evaporated water outlet.

71. The method of claim 68, further comprising heating the evaporated water downstream of the evaporated water outlet.

72. A wastewater evaporation system for evaporating a water spray, comprising:

a. a wastewater inlet;

c. a spray nozzle, wherein an outlet of the manifold is fluidly connected to an inlet of the spray nozzle;

d. a horizontal vessel, wherein an upper portion of the vessel is capped with a demister element, and wherein an outlet of the spray nozzle discharges water droplets into the vessel;

e. a drain outlet, wherein a bottom of the container is fluidly connected to the drain outlet;

f. an air system comprising a blower and optionally an air heater, wherein the air system is arranged through a wall of the container, and wherein the air system discharges an air flow in opposition to the water droplets from the spray nozzle; and

g. A deflector or diffuser, wherein the deflector or diffuser is disposed within the vessel to redirect air flow from a central region of the vessel to a wall of the vessel.

73. The system of claim 72, further comprising a tapered insert, wherein the tapered insert is disposed within the vessel to redirect air flow from a wall of the vessel to a central region of the vessel.

74. The system of claim 72, further comprising a vane, wherein the vane is disposed within the vessel to redirect the flow of air in the vessel.

75. The system of claim 74, wherein the vane extends across a cross-section of the vessel.