CN114002277A - Three-dimensional toxic and harmful gas detection system and test method thereof - Google Patents
Three-dimensional toxic and harmful gas detection system and test method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a three-dimensional poisonous and harmful gas detection system and a test method thereof, belonging to the field of gas measurement, and providing a poisonous and harmful gas three-dimensional concentration test device and a measurement method thereof, wherein the poisonous and harmful gas three-dimensional concentration test device comprises a poisonous and harmful gas sensing module used for measuring concentration signals of poisonous and harmful gases at various places in a closed space; the data conversion module is used for receiving the voltage signal of the sensor, converting the voltage signal into digital quantity and sending the digital quantity to the data processing module; the data processing module is used for calculating gas concentration data of the space to be measured by using an interpolation method; the display module is used for displaying the gas distribution state by utilizing a graphical interface; and the power supply module is used for converting voltage to supply power to each part of the system. The invention uses a plurality of poisonous and harmful gas sensing modules to be distributed in the space to detect the gas concentration, and implants interpolation method in the data processing module to calculate the gas concentration value of the space to be detected, so that the invention can effectively detect the three-dimensional distribution condition of the gas, and is suitable for the poisonous and harmful gas detection in the scenes of laboratories, chemical plants and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a three-dimensional toxic and harmful gas detection system and a test method thereof, belonging to the technical field of gas measurement.
Background
Nowadays, accidents related to chemical, biological, nuclear waste or explosive leakage frequently occur, once such dangerous substances are leaked, great threats are generated to the environment and public health, and some toxic and harmful gases are colorless and tasteless and are difficult to detect, so that how to rapidly and efficiently monitor such dangerous areas in real time becomes a technical problem which needs to be solved at present.
The common gas distribution measuring method comprises the steps that a person enters a dangerous area for detection by holding the measuring instrument with the protective equipment, the method is high in danger coefficient, casualties are easy to cause, the detection range is limited, missing reports and false reports are easy to generate, and greater economic and property losses are caused. The method has the advantages that the danger coefficient is low, the robot is subjected to path planning and is enabled to enter a dangerous area to conduct all-dimensional detection, however, due to the fact that gas diffusion is affected by various factors, such as wind speed, temperature and gas density, time is spent when the robot moves to the next position, gas distribution data of the previous position may have changed, and the robot sends data before the change to an upper computer, and therefore real-time performance and accuracy of the measured data cannot be guaranteed. A plurality of sensor nodes are arranged in an area, and an upper computer which transmits data to the sensor nodes simultaneously can ensure the real-time performance of the data, but the three methods are two-dimensional gas distribution measurement methods, the gas diffusion direction cannot be distributed along a single plane, and if the gas distribution condition is accurately known, the gas is measured in three dimensions.
In order to realize three-dimensional gas distribution measurement, gas concentration data in the Z-axis direction needs to be acquired, and the gas concentration data can be realized by carrying a mechanical arm and other devices on a robot, but the method still cannot change the defect of poor real-time data transmission.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is to solve the above technical problems, and further provides a three-dimensional toxic and harmful gas measurement system and method.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a three-dimensional poisonous and harmful gas measuring system and its test method, including poisonous and harmful gas perception module, is used for obtaining the poisonous and harmful gas concentration information in the dangerous area; the data conversion module is used for receiving the analog signal of the gas sensor, converting the analog signal into a digital signal and sending the digital signal to the data processing module; the data processing module is used for receiving the digital signals sent by the data conversion module, simultaneously calculating, and calculating the distribution condition of the gas at each position in the space based on the calculation result, and the data display module is used for displaying the gas concentration of the gas distribution condition, the concentration exceeding alarm and other information.
Further, the toxic and harmful gas sensing module comprises an MQ-3 ethanol sensor, a six-pin sensor replacement socket and an MP2359 voltage conversion chip; the gas-sensitive material used by the MQ-3 ethanol sensor is tin dioxide with lower conductivity in the air; when alcohol vapor is present in the environment in which the sensor is located, the sensor conductivity increases as the alcohol gas concentration increases. The six-pin sensor socket can replace gas sensors of different models, so that the detection range of the system is not limited to one gas, corresponding sensors can be selected according to different scenes, and the flexibility of the system is improved. The MP2359 voltage conversion chip can convert the 12V power supply voltage into 3.3V power supply for the sensor, and the chip has high conversion efficiency and has overcurrent protection and temperature protection, so that a loop is more stable.
Further, the data conversion module uses an AD7076 conversion chip, which is a low-power consumption, charge redistribution successive approximation type analog-to-digital converter having up to 8 high-speed AD sampling channels, and when performing analog-to-digital conversion, the RANGE pin is connected to a logic low level, at this time, the input RANGE of the chip is 5V, and then the pins CONVST a and CONVST B are shorted together to apply a conversion start signal to allow all channels to simultaneously acquire. Each data conversion module has 32 paths of acquisition channels including 4 AD7606, and the whole system needs 192 paths of data conversion channels including 6 data conversion modules to acquire analog signals of each sensor.
Furthermore, the data conversion module is also provided with a 2-line-4-line decoder, the chip is 74HC139 and is used for high-performance storage decoding or a data transmission system requiring short transmission delay time, and the chip selection is carried out. Each data conversion module comprises 4 AD7606 chips, 4 states are needed for chip selection, namely 00, 01, 10 and 11, only chip pins 2A0 and 2A1 are needed to be used as input ends, pins 1A0 and 1A1 are connected with logic high level, the output ends can sequentially control the 4 AD chips to perform data conversion, and the data processing module can conveniently process data.
Furthermore, the data conversion module comprises a logic or gate, the type of the chip is 74HC32, when the AD chip works, the pin BUSY can generate a high level, only when all the AD chips stop working, the logic or gate can output a sleep signal to inform the main control chip that all the acquisition actions are stopped, and the system enters a sleep state.
Further, the data processing module, the main control chip is STM32F429, and is configured to receive a digital quantity sent by the data conversion module, calculate a blank area after obtaining concentration output data of each gas sensor, grid a space, select a point to be measured and 8 sensors around the point to be measured to form a cube, assume that a left-hand coordinate system Z axis is upward, calculate a position weight of the point to be measured and each sensor on a coordinate axis, and adopt a formula (1):
four times of interpolation is carried out on the four edges in the x direction, and four points C on each edge are calculated00、C01、C10、C11Using formula (2):
wherein V [ x ]n，yn，zn](n is an integer) is represented byn，yn，zn) And (3) interpolating the concentration value of the treated gas along the y-axis direction, and adopting a formula (3):
and finally, interpolating along the z axis by adopting a formula (4):
C＝c0(1-zd)+c1zd (4)
according to the derivation, the complete formula of the gas concentration value C of the point to be measured is as follows:
C＝V[x0，y0，z0](1-xd)(1-yd)(1-zd)+V[x1，y0，z0]xd(1-yd)(1-zd) +V[x0，y0，z1](1-xd)(1-yd)zd+V[x1，y0，z1]xd(1-yd)zd +V[x0，y1，z0](1-xd)yd(1-zd)+V[x1，y1，z0]xdyd(1-zd) +V[x0，y1，z1](1-xd)ydzd+V[x0，y1，z1]xdydzd
the arrangement mode is periodic, and all the points to be measured except the boundary position have the same arrangement mode, so that the gas concentration values of all the points to be measured except the boundary can be calculated according to the formula, for the space to be measured with the boundary in the X-axis direction, the gas concentration values of the points to be measured can be obtained by interpolating in the X-axis direction by adopting the formula (2), and by analogy, the spaces to be measured in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction can be calculated by adopting the formula (3) and the formula (4) respectively.
And after the distribution condition of the gas in the space is obtained, the data processing module drives the display module to display, and after the dormancy signal is received, the power supply and the display module are controlled to enter a standby mode, so that the power consumption of the system is reduced.
Furthermore, the size of the display module is 800mm by 480mm liquid crystal display screen, a 400M SOC processor is adopted, the screen running speed is higher, and the built-in vector anti-aliasing font can run after the display module is electrified. The data processing module corresponds the gas concentration value and the color depth one to one and sends the gas concentration value and the color depth to the display module, and the display module displays the current gas distribution condition by using a graphical interface, and can display the gas concentration, the temperature and the humidity and an alarm signal besides the gas distribution condition.
Furthermore, the power module is a switching power supply, the on-off time of the switch is controlled by adopting the PWM wave to further achieve the purpose of voltage regulation and rectification, higher energy dissipation is achieved when the on-off of the switch is adjusted, but the time is short, so that energy is saved, waste heat is less compared with a linear power supply, the size of the switching power supply is small, and the weight is light.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a three-dimensional toxic and harmful gas measurement system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a three-dimensional toxic and noxious gas measurement system sensor arrangement diagram according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a control flow diagram;
FIG. 4 is a gas distribution diagram;
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly described below, and it should be apparent that the embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments of the present invention. Based on the design structure and the idea of the present invention, those skilled in the art can put other embodiments within the scope of the present invention without creative efforts.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the three-dimensional toxic and harmful gas detection system and the testing method thereof of the present embodiment includes a toxic and harmful gas sensing module (2), a data conversion module (7), a data processing module (8), a display module (9) and a power module (10), considering the overall power consumption and practical application of the system, the sensors can not be distributed in the whole space, relatively few sensors are used to calculate the gas distribution in the blank area by using the relationship among the sensors, a certain requirement is put forward on the arrangement mode of the sensors, the specific arrangement mode is as shown in fig. 2, a point to be measured is selected to form a cube with 8 sensors around the point, the position weight of the point to be measured and each sensor on the coordinate axis is calculated on the assumption that the Z axis of a left-hand coordinate system is upward, and a formula (1) is adopted;
four times of interpolation is carried out on four edges in the x direction, and the values c00, c01, c10 and c11 of four points on each edge are calculated by adopting the formula (2):
wherein V [ x ]n，yn，zn](n is an integer) is represented byn，yn，zn) Concentration value of process gas
Then interpolation is carried out along the y-axis direction, and a formula (3) is adopted:
and finally, interpolating along the z axis by adopting a formula (4):
C＝c0(1-zd)+c1zd (4)
according to the derivation, the complete formula of the gas concentration value C of the point to be measured is as follows:
C＝V(x0，y0，z0](1-xd)(1-yd)(1-zd)+V[x1，y0，z0]xd(1-yd)(1-zd) +V[x0，y0，z1](1-xd)(1-yd)zd+V[x1，y0，z1]xd(1-yd)zd +V[x0，y1，z0](1-xd)yd(1-zd)+V[x1，y1，z0]xdyd(1-zd) +V[x0，y1，z1](1-xd)ydzd+V[x0，y1，z1]xdydzd
because the arrangement mode is periodic, all the points to be measured except the boundary position have the same arrangement mode, the gas concentration values of all the points to be measured except the boundary can be calculated according to the formula, for the space to be measured with the boundary in the X-axis direction, the gas concentration value in the space to be measured can be calculated by interpolating in the X-axis direction by adopting the formula (2), and by analogy, the space to be measured in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction can be calculated by adopting the formula (3) and the formula (4) respectively.
In order to verify the feasibility of the method and the system, experiments are needed for testing, and the specific testing method is to place the sensor in a testing box (1) with the dimensions of 80cm long, 60cm wide and 40cm high. A round air exhaust port (4) is arranged on one side of the test box, and an air inlet (6) is arranged at the bottom of the test box. Ethanol steam is used as test gas, the flow of the ethanol steam is controlled by a flow control device, and the flow control device consists of a constant flow rate machine table (13), an injector (12) and a vaporizer (11). The injector (12) is filled with liquid ethanol and is arranged on a constant flow rate machine table (13). The sample introduction speed of the constant flow rate machine (13) is set, so that the liquid ethanol with constant volume in unit time flows into the syringe needle. The needle is externally surrounded by a vaporiser (11). The vaporizer (11) is a high-power resistor, generates heat after being electrified, and then liquid ethanol in the needle head can be vaporized and sprayed out of the needle head to enter the test box through the air inlet (6).
The ethanol sensor (3) used was of MQ-3 type. The gas-sensitive material used by the sensor is SnO dioxide2The conductivity of the alcohol vapor in the air is low, the ethanol vapor can obviously improve the conductivity of the alcohol vapor and shows that the resistance value of the alcohol vapor is reduced, and therefore the alcohol vapor concentration can be measured.
Because the number of the sensors used in the grid is large, the performance consistency of the sensors (3) has a large influence on the measurement result, and therefore all the sensors (3) are aged and calibrated before actual measurement. Firstly, all the sensors (3) are installed in the test box (1), the maximum ventilation quantity of the test box is kept, all the sensors (3) are electrified and stand for three days, and the aging process of the sensors (3) is completed.
When the experiment begins, blow in the air, check gas test case (1) sealing condition, confirm that gas test case (1) does not have to leak the back and for system power-on, preheat for sensor (3), observe sensor (3) output value, start constant velocity of flow board (13) and vaporizer (11) after waiting to stabilize, let in quantitative ethanol steam in test case (1), read out sensor (3) value, after the reading is accomplished, open ventilation equipment (5) and discharge residual ethanol steam in test case (1), observe sensor (3) reading, wait to carry out the experiment next time after it recovers completely.
The gas distribution diagram 4 shows that the light-colored grids represent that the gas concentration is high, the darker the color is, the lower the gas concentration is, and the distribution of the gas in the space can be clearly and intuitively understood through the gas distribution diagram.
This embodiment is only illustrative of the patent and does not limit the scope of protection thereof, and those skilled in the art can make modifications to its part without departing from the spirit of the patent.
Claims (8)
1. A three-dimensional poisonous and harmful gas detection system and a test method thereof are characterized by comprising the following steps:
the poisonous and harmful gas sensing module is used for measuring concentration signals of poisonous and harmful gas in the closed space and sending the sensor data to the data conversion module;
the data conversion module is used for receiving the analog signals measured by the gas sensor, converting the obtained analog signals into digital signals, performing chip selection on the AD chip, and sending a state instruction to the data processing module according to the working condition of the AD chip;
the data processing module receives the gas concentration digital quantity sent by the data conversion module, performs data processing by using an interpolation method, calculates the gas concentration in the area to be detected and obtains the distribution condition of the gas in the closed space;
the data display module is used for displaying the gas distribution state more clearly by utilizing a graphical interface;
and the power supply module converts the voltage into different voltages required by each chip to supply power for the system.
2. The three-dimensional toxic and harmful gas detection system and the test method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the toxic and harmful gas sensing module comprises an MQ-3 ethanol sensor, a six-pin sensor replacement socket and an MP2359 voltage conversion chip; the gas-sensitive material used by the MQ-3 ethanol sensor is tin dioxide with lower conductivity in the air; when alcohol vapor is present in the environment in which the sensor is located, the sensor conductivity increases as the alcohol gas concentration increases. The six-pin sensor socket can replace gas sensors of different models, so that the detection range of the system is not limited to one gas, corresponding sensors can be selected according to different scenes, and the flexibility of the system is improved. The MP2359 voltage conversion chip can convert the 12V power supply voltage into 3.3V power supply for the sensor, and the chip has high conversion efficiency and has overcurrent protection and temperature protection, so that a loop is more stable.
3. The three-dimensional toxic and harmful gas detection system and the test method thereof according to claim 1, characterized in that the data conversion module converts the sensor analog signal into a digital signal, the used conversion chip is AD7076, the chip is a low power consumption, charge redistribution successive approximation type analog-to-digital converter, the highest has 8 high-speed AD sampling channels, when analog-to-digital conversion is performed, the RANGE pin is firstly connected with a logic low level, at this time, the input RANGE of the chip is 5V, and then the pins CONVST A and CONVST B are short-circuited together to apply a conversion start signal to allow all channels to simultaneously collect. Each data conversion module has 32 paths of acquisition channels including 4 AD7606, and the whole system needs 192 paths of data conversion channels including 6 data conversion modules to acquire analog signals of each sensor.
4. The three-dimensional toxic and harmful gas detecting system and the detecting method thereof according to claim 3, wherein each data conversion module further has a 2-line to 4-line decoder, the chip type is 74HC139, and the chip is used for high-performance storage decoding or data transmission system requiring short transmission delay time, and the function of the chip selection is performed. Each data conversion module comprises 4 AD7606, 4 states are needed for chip selection, namely 00, 01, 10 and 11, only chip pins 2A0 and 2A1 are needed to be used as input ends, pins 1A0 and 1A1 are connected with logic high level, the output ends can sequentially control the 4 AD for data conversion, and the data processing module is convenient to process data.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the data conversion module further comprises a logic or gate, the type of the chip is 74HC32, when the AD chip is working, the BUSY pin generates a high level, only when all AD chips stop working, the logic or gate outputs a sleep signal to inform the data processing module that all the collection operations have stopped, so as to enable the system to enter a sleep state.
6. The three-dimensional toxic and harmful gas detection system and the test method thereof according to claim 5, characterized in that the periphery of the main control chip used by the data processing module is STM32F429, the chip adopts a Crotex M4 kernel, the highest main frequency is 180MHz, because the sensor cannot detect the gas content of each position in the closed space, the main control chip is required to calculate the gas distribution condition of the area around the certain point or points according to the gas concentration data of the point or points measured by the sensor, grid the space, select a point to be measured and form a cube with 8 sensors around the point, assume that the Z axis of the left-hand coordinate system is upward, calculate the position weight of the point to be measured and each sensor on the coordinate axis, and adopt the formula (1):
four times of interpolation is carried out on the four edges in the x direction, and four points C on each edge are calculated00、C01、C10、C11Using formula (2):
wherein V [ x ]n，yn，zn](n is an integer) is represented byn，yn，zn) And (3) interpolating the concentration value of the treated gas along the y-axis direction, and adopting a formula (3):
and finally, interpolating along the z axis by adopting a formula (4):
C＝c0(1-zd)+c1zd (4)
according to the derivation, the complete formula of the gas concentration value C of the point to be measured is as follows:
C＝V[x0，y0，z0](1-xd)(1-yd)(1-zd)+V[x1，y0，z0]xd(1-yd)(1-zd)+V[x0，y0，z1](1-xd)(1-yd)zd+V[x1，y0，z1]xd(1-yd)zd+V[x0，y1，z0](1-xd)yd(1-zd)+V[x1，y1，z0]xdyd(1-zd)+V[x0，y1，z1](1-xd)ydzd+V[x0，y1，z1]xdydzd
because the arrangement mode is periodic, all the points to be measured except the boundary position have the same arrangement mode, the gas concentration values of all the points to be measured except the boundary can be calculated according to the formula, for the space to be measured with the boundary in the X-axis direction, the gas concentration value in the space to be measured can be calculated by interpolating in the X-axis direction by adopting the formula (2), and by analogy, the space to be measured in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction can be calculated by adopting the formula (3) and the formula (4) respectively.
And after the distribution condition of the gas in the space is obtained, the data processing module drives the display module to display, and after the dormancy signal is received, the power supply and the display module are controlled to enter a standby mode, so that the power consumption of the system is reduced.
7. The system and method for detecting three-dimensional toxic and harmful gases according to claim 6, wherein the size of the display module is 800mm x 480mm liquid crystal display screen, the screen has a 400M SOC processor, the screen runs faster, and the built-in vector antialiasing fonts can run when the system is powered on. The data processing module corresponds the gas concentration value and the color depth one to one and sends the gas concentration value and the color depth to the display module, and the display module displays the current gas distribution condition by using a graphical interface, and can display the gas concentration, the temperature and the humidity and an alarm signal besides the gas distribution condition.
8. The three-dimensional toxic and harmful gas detection system and the test method thereof according to claim 1, wherein the power module is a switching power supply, the switching time is controlled by PWM (pulse width modulation) waves to achieve the purpose of voltage regulation and rectification, and the switching time is adjusted to have higher energy dissipation but shorter time, so that energy is saved, waste heat is less, the size of the switching power supply is smaller, and the weight of the switching power supply is lighter compared with a linear power supply.
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