CN114002068A - Water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device - Google Patents

Water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114002068A
CN114002068A CN202111454836.5A CN202111454836A CN114002068A CN 114002068 A CN114002068 A CN 114002068A CN 202111454836 A CN202111454836 A CN 202111454836A CN 114002068 A CN114002068 A CN 114002068A
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plate
sample container
test device
water
dowel
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朱瑜劼
徐琛
卢波
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Changjiang Institute of Survey Planning Design and Research Co Ltd
Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute Changjiang Water Resources Commission
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Changjiang Institute of Survey Planning Design and Research Co Ltd
Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute Changjiang Water Resources Commission
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Priority to CN202111454836.5A priority Critical patent/CN114002068A/en
Publication of CN114002068A publication Critical patent/CN114002068A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
    • G01N3/068—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means with optical indicating or recording means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
    • G01N2203/0003—Steady
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0019—Compressive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
    • G01N2203/0236—Other environments
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
    • G01N2203/0244—Tests performed "in situ" or after "in situ" use
    • G01N2203/0246—Special simulation of "in situ" conditions, scale models or dummies
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
    • G01N2203/0258—Non axial, i.e. the forces not being applied along an axis of symmetry of the specimen
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/026—Specifications of the specimen
    • G01N2203/0298—Manufacturing or preparing specimens
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
    • G01N2203/0647—Image analysis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
    • G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
    • G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
    • G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
    • G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device, and belongs to the technical field of rock-soil mechanics. The device comprises a sample container and a force application unit, wherein the shape of an accommodating cavity of the sample container is matched with the external shape of a test model sample, and a simulation tunnel is excavated on the test model sample; the test model sample is contained in the sample container; the force applying unit is capable of applying a force to the test pattern in a radial direction of the specimen container; and at least one surface of the sample container is provided with a liquid inlet hole, and the sample container is also provided with a liquid outlet hole. The method is used for researching the supporting mode and the supporting characteristic in the tunnel excavation, supporting and lining finishing processes under the working conditions of rainfall, groundwater level lifting or water inrush and the like, comprehensively reflects the deformation and stress characteristics of surrounding rocks of the tunnel under the action of a stress field and a seepage field, and monitors the long-term deformation rule of the supporting structure in real time through a monitoring system.

Description

Water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock-soil mechanics, in particular to a water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device.
Background
With the development of urban construction and transportation modes such as high-speed rail, the construction requirements of underground engineering such as tunnels are increasing day by day. However, the breadth of our country is broad, the geological conditions are complex and changeable, and model tests need to be carried out on tunnel surrounding rocks to determine relevant design parameters and research the deformation mechanism of the tunnel surrounding rocks to provide prevention measures. Most of the models commonly used in the prior art are planar models, and the influence caused by the interaction between the fluid and the solid cannot be known through experiments.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device, which is used for researching a supporting mode and supporting characteristics in the tunnel excavation, supporting and lining finishing processes under working conditions of rainfall, groundwater level lifting or water inrush and the like, comprehensively reflecting the deformation and stress characteristics of surrounding rocks of a tunnel under the action of a stress field and a seepage field, and monitoring the long-term deformation rule of a supporting structure in real time through a monitoring system, so that the water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device is more practical.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device which comprises a sample container and a force application unit,
the shape of the containing cavity of the sample container is matched with the external shape of the test model sample, wherein a simulation tunnel is excavated on the test model sample;
the test model sample is contained in the sample container;
the force applying unit is capable of applying a force to the test pattern in a radial direction of the specimen container;
and at least one surface of the sample container is provided with a liquid inlet hole, and the sample container is also provided with a liquid outlet hole.
The water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device provided by the invention can be further realized by adopting the following technical measures.
As a preference, the first and second liquid crystal compositions are,
the sample container comprises a front side pressing plate, a rear side pressing plate, a left side pressing plate, a right side pressing plate, a supporting plate and a top plate, and a space enclosed by the front side pressing plate, the rear side pressing plate, the left side pressing plate, the right side pressing plate, the supporting plate and the top plate is the accommodating cavity.
Preferably, a door is provided on the front side platen of the sample container, and the door is hinged to the front side platen.
Preferably, the three-dimensional tunnel model test device of water rock coupling further comprises a handle, the handle is fixedly connected to the door, and the connecting position of the handle on the door is far away from the hinge.
Preferably, the front side pressing plate and the rear side pressing plate are made of tempered glass.
Preferably, the force application unit comprises a loading frame, a vertical force application mechanism and a transverse force application mechanism,
the loading frame comprises a vertical limiting component and a transverse limiting assembly component, the vertical limiting component comprises a bottom plate, a top plate and a vertical limiting component, the transverse limiting component comprises a left side plate, a right side plate and a transverse limiting component, the vertical limiting component is arranged at the periphery of the transverse limiting assembly component, the sample container is arranged in the transverse limiting component, or the transverse limiting component is arranged at the periphery of the vertical limiting component, the sample container is arranged in the vertical limiting component, wherein,
the vertical force application mechanism can apply vertical force to the test model under the limitation of the vertical limiting assembly;
the transverse force applying mechanism can apply transverse acting force to the test model under the limitation of the transverse limiting assembly.
As a preference, the first and second liquid crystal compositions are,
one end of the vertical limiting part is connected to the bottom plate, and the other end of the vertical limiting part is connected to the top plate, so that the distance between the top surface of the bottom plate and the bottom surface of the top plate is limited by the vertical limiting part.
As a preference, the first and second liquid crystal compositions are,
one end of the transverse limiting part is connected to the left side plate, and the other end of the transverse limiting part is connected to the right side plate, so that the distance between the right side face of the left side plate and the left side face of the right side plate is limited by the transverse limiting part.
Preferably, the vertical force application mechanism comprises a lifting mechanism, the lifting mechanism comprises a first fixed end and a first free end, a first moving pair is formed between the first fixed end and the first free end,
the lifting mechanism is disposed between the bottom plate and the bottom surface of the sample container support plate.
Preferably, the vertical force application mechanism further comprises a first force transmission plate and an object stage,
the vertical limiting assembly penetrates through the first force transmission plate,
the lifting mechanism is arranged between the bottom plate and the first transmission plate,
the stage is disposed between the first force transfer plate and the bottom surface of the sample vessel support plate.
Preferably, the vertical force application mechanism further comprises a first force transmission rod and a second force transmission plate,
the first force transfer rod is arranged between the top plate of the sample container and the bottom surface of the second force transfer plate;
the second dowel plate is arranged between the top plate of the vertical limiting assembly and the first dowel bar.
Preferably, the water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device further comprises a first pressure sensor,
the first pressure sensor is arranged between the top plate of the vertical limiting assembly and the second dowel plate and used for sensing vertical pressure data.
Preferably, the first force transmission rods are provided in plural numbers, and the first force transmission rods are uniformly distributed between the top plate of the sample container and the bottom surface of the second force transmission plate.
Preferably, the transverse force application mechanism comprises a horizontal telescopic mechanism, the horizontal telescopic mechanism comprises a second fixed end and a second movable end, a second sliding pair is formed between the second fixed end and the second movable end,
the horizontal telescopic mechanism is arranged between the left side plate and the left side surface of the left side pressing plate of the sample container; or the horizontal telescopic mechanism is arranged between the right side plate and the right side surface of the sample container right side pressing plate.
Preferably, the water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device further comprises a third dowel plate, a second dowel bar, a fourth dowel plate and a third dowel bar,
the second dowel bar is arranged between the left side surface of the left pressure plate of the sample container and the right side surface of the third dowel plate, and the third dowel bar is arranged between the right side surface of the right pressure plate of the sample container and the left side surface of the fourth dowel plate;
the horizontal telescopic mechanism is arranged between the left side plate of the transverse limiting assembly and the third force transmission plate, and the right side of the fourth force transmission plate is abutted against the right side plate of the transverse limiting assembly; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the horizontal telescopic mechanism is arranged between the right side plate of the transverse limiting assembly and the fourth dowel plate, and the left side of the third dowel plate abuts against the left side plate of the transverse limiting assembly.
Preferably, the water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device further comprises a second pressure sensor,
the second pressure sensor is arranged between the fourth dowel steel and the right side plate of the transverse limiting assembly; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the second pressure sensor is arranged between the third dowel plate and the left side plate of the transverse limiting assembly;
the second pressure sensor is for sensing lateral pressure data.
As a preference, the first and second liquid crystal compositions are,
the second dowel bars are uniformly distributed in front of a left pressure plate and a third dowel plate of the sample container;
the third dowel bar includes many, the third dowel bar is in the equipartition between sample container's right side clamp plate and the fourth dowel plate.
Preferably, the excavation angle of the simulated tunnel is adjustable.
Preferably, the water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device further comprises a liquid discharge pipe,
the liquid discharge pipe comprises a main path and a plurality of branch paths, the branch paths are communicated with the liquid discharge hole of the sample container, and the branch paths are respectively communicated with the main path.
Preferably, a stop valve is arranged on the branch road and/or the main road.
Preferably, the vertical limiting part comprises a bearing column and a connecting rod, the bottom of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the bearing column, and the diameter of the bearing column is larger than that of the through hole of the first force transmission plate.
Preferably, the diameter of the bearing column increases from top to bottom.
Preferably, the water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model testing device further comprises a distributed optical fiber, and the distributed optical fiber is used for sensing deformation data in the simulated tunnel.
Preferably, the water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device further comprises an industrial camera or an industrial video camera, and the industrial camera or the industrial video camera is used for monitoring the section of the simulated tunnel in real time, wherein the real-time monitoring method comprises the following steps:
acquiring a real-time image of the section of the simulated tunnel by the industrial camera or the industrial video camera;
obtaining digital speckles according to the real-time image of the end face of the simulated tunnel;
and obtaining a real-time stress and strain analysis conclusion of the simulated tunnel according to the digital speckles.
Preferably, the water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device further comprises an intelligent terminal, and the intelligent terminal is used for controlling the force application unit and/or the liquid inlet hole and/or the liquid outlet hole.
Preferably, the three-dimensional tunnel model test device of water rock coupling still includes intelligent terminal, intelligent terminal includes:
the image acquisition module is used for acquiring a real-time image of the section of the simulated tunnel;
the digital speckle acquisition module is used for acquiring digital speckles according to the real-time image of the end face of the simulated tunnel;
and the analysis module is used for obtaining a real-time stress and strain analysis conclusion of the simulated tunnel according to the digital speckles.
Preferably, the intelligent terminal is installed with an application program, and the application program includes:
the image acquisition module is used for acquiring a real-time image of the section of the simulated tunnel;
the digital speckle acquisition module is used for acquiring digital speckles according to the real-time image of the end face of the simulated tunnel;
and the analysis module is used for obtaining a real-time stress and strain analysis conclusion of the simulated tunnel according to the digital speckles.
The three-dimensional tunnel model test device for water-rock coupling provided by the invention adopts the three-dimensional tunnel model test device, can study the deformation and stress change rule of surrounding rocks of tunnels with different tendencies and inclination angles under the action of a constructed stress field and a seepage field, provides reliable scientific basis for disclosing the deformation mechanism of the tunnel, and provides important parameters for the treatment and support of tunnel deformation.
Drawings
Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the preferred embodiments and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Also, like reference numerals are used to refer to like parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a front view of a water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a left side view of a water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a top view of a water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a drainage mechanism applied to a water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a top water inlet mechanism applied to a water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is an application scene schematic diagram of a water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device provided by the embodiment of the invention;
description of reference numerals:
1-test model sample, 2-sample container, 3-simulation tunnel, 4-door, 5-hinge, 6-handle, 7-vertical force application mechanism, 8-horizontal force application mechanism, 9-bottom plate, 10-top plate, 11-vertical limit piece, 12-left side plate, 13-right side plate, 14-horizontal limit piece, 15-first transmission plate, 16-objective table, 17-first transmission rod, 18-second transmission plate, 19-first pressure sensor, 20-third transmission plate, 21-second transmission rod, 22-fourth transmission plate, 23-third transmission rod, 24-second pressure sensor, 25-drain pipe, 26-bearing column, 27-connecting rod, 28-liquid inlet hole, 34-industrial camera or industrial video camera, 35-water pump, 36-flowmeter, 37-booster pneumatic pump and 38-intelligent terminal.
Detailed Description
In view of the above, the invention provides a water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device, which is used for researching a supporting mode and supporting characteristics in the tunnel excavation, supporting and lining finishing processes under working conditions of rainfall, groundwater level lifting or water inrush and the like, comprehensively reflecting the deformation and stress characteristics of surrounding rocks of a tunnel under the action of a stress field and a seepage field, and monitoring the long-term deformation rule of a supporting structure in real time through a monitoring system, so that the water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device is more practical.
To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention for achieving the predetermined objects, the following detailed description of the three-dimensional tunnel model test device for water-rock coupling according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments will be made with reference to the following detailed description of the specific embodiments, structures, features and effects thereof. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" refers to not necessarily the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
The term "and/or" herein is merely an association describing an associated object, meaning that three relationships may exist, e.g., a and/or B, with the specific understanding that: both a and B may be included, a may be present alone, or B may be present alone, and any of the three cases can be provided.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a sample container 2 and a force application unit. The shape of the containing cavity of the sample container 2 is matched with the external shape of the test model sample 1, wherein a simulation tunnel 3 is excavated on the test model sample 1; the test model sample 1 is contained in the sample container 2; the urging unit is capable of applying an urging force to the test pattern in the radial direction of the sample container 2; at least one surface of the sample container 2 is provided with a liquid inlet hole 28, and the sample container 2 is also provided with a liquid outlet hole.
The three-dimensional tunnel model test device for water-rock coupling provided by the invention adopts the three-dimensional tunnel model test device, can study the deformation and stress change rule of tunnel surrounding rocks under the action of a constructed stress field and a seepage field of tunnels with different tendencies and inclination angles, provides reliable scientific basis for disclosing the deformation mechanism of the tunnels, and provides important parameters for the treatment and support of tunnel deformation.
The sample container 2 comprises a front side pressing plate, a rear side pressing plate, a left side pressing plate, a right side pressing plate, a supporting plate and a top plate, and a space enclosed by the front side pressing plate, the rear side pressing plate, the left side pressing plate, the right side pressing plate, the supporting plate and the top plate is an accommodating cavity. In this case, when the test simulation sample 1 is contained in the sample container, the test simulation sample can be made to fit better to the sample container 2, so that the stress of the test simulation sample can be effectively controlled.
Wherein, the front side pressure plate of the sample container 2 is provided with a door 4, and the door 4 is hinged with the front side pressure plate. In this case, the excavation of the simulation tunnel 3 and the laying of the optical fibers by the test simulation specimen 1 through the door 4 are facilitated.
The three-dimensional tunnel model test device for water rock coupling further comprises a handle 6, the handle 6 is fixedly connected to the door 4, and the connecting position of the handle 6 on the door 4 is far away from the hinge 5. In this case, the door 4 can be opened easily with a small force, and the use is more convenient.
Wherein, the front side pressure plate and the rear side pressure plate are made of toughened glass. In this case, the visibility of both the front and rear sides of the simulated tunnel 3 can be increased.
The force application unit comprises a loading frame, a vertical force application mechanism 7 and a horizontal force application mechanism 8. The loading frame comprises a vertical limiting assembly and a transverse limiting assembly, the vertical limiting assembly comprises a bottom plate 9, a top plate 10 and a vertical limiting piece 11, the transverse limiting assembly comprises a left side plate 12, a right side plate 13 and a transverse limiting piece 14, the vertical limiting assembly is positioned at the periphery of the transverse limiting group assembly, the sample container 2 is positioned in the transverse limiting assembly, or the transverse limiting assembly is positioned at the periphery of the vertical limiting assembly, and the sample container 2 is positioned in the vertical limiting assembly, wherein the vertical force application mechanism 7 can apply vertical acting force to the test model under the limitation of the vertical limiting assembly; the transverse force applying mechanism 8 can apply transverse force to the test model under the limitation of the transverse limiting assembly. In this case, the loading force of the test simulation sample 1 can be realized by the loading frame which is simple in structure and low in cost.
One end of the vertical limiting part 11 is connected to the bottom plate 9, and the other end of the vertical limiting part is connected to the top plate 10, so that the distance between the top surface of the bottom plate 9 and the bottom surface of the top plate 10 is limited by the vertical limiting part 11. In this case, it is more convenient for the vertical force applied by the vertical force application mechanism 7 to act in the vertical direction of the test simulation sample 1.
One end of the horizontal limiting member 14 is connected to the left side plate 12, and the other end of the horizontal limiting member 14 is connected to the right side plate 13, so that the distance between the right side surface of the left side plate 12 and the left side surface of the right side plate 13 is limited by the horizontal limiting member 14. In this case, it is more convenient for the vertical force applied by the transverse force application mechanism 8 to act on the test simulation sample 1 in the transverse direction.
The vertical force application mechanism 7 comprises a lifting mechanism, the lifting mechanism comprises a first fixed end and a first free end, a first moving pair is formed between the first fixed end and the first free end, and the lifting mechanism is arranged between the bottom plate 9 and the bottom surface of the sample container 2 supporting plate. The cost is low and the realization is easy.
Wherein, the vertical force application mechanism 7 further comprises a first force transmission plate 15 and an object stage 16. The vertical limiting part 11 penetrates through the first transmission plate 15, the lifting mechanism is arranged between the bottom plate 9 and the first transmission plate 15, and the objective table 16 is arranged between the first transmission plate 15 and the bottom surface of the supporting plate of the sample container 2. In this case, the first force transfer plate 15 and the stage 16 can increase the force applied to the support plate of the sample container 2 uniformly, and the simulation effect is improved.
Wherein, the vertical force application mechanism 7 further comprises a first force transmission rod 17 and a second force transmission plate 18. The first force transmission rod 17 is arranged between the top plate of the sample container 2 and the bottom surface of the second force transmission plate 18; a second dowel plate 18 is disposed between the top plate 10 of the vertical stop assembly and the first dowel bar 17. In this case, the top plate of the sample container 2 can be subjected to a more uniform force, and the simulation effect can be improved.
The water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device provided by the embodiment further comprises a first pressure sensor 19. A first pressure sensor 19 is arranged between the top plate 10 and the second dowel plate 18 of the vertical stop assembly, and the first pressure sensor 19 is used for sensing vertical pressure data. In this case, the vertical pressure data can be made to be sensed in real time.
The first force transmission rods 17 comprise a plurality of force transmission rods 17, and the first force transmission rods 17 are uniformly distributed between the top plate of the sample container 2 and the bottom surface of the second force transmission plate 18. In this case, it is further ensured that the top plate of the sample container 2 is uniformly stressed.
The transverse force application mechanism 8 comprises a horizontal telescopic mechanism, the horizontal telescopic mechanism comprises a second fixed end and a second movable end, and a second sliding pair is formed between the second fixed end and the second movable end. The horizontal telescopic mechanism is arranged between the left side plate and the left side surface of the left side pressing plate of the sample container 2; alternatively, the horizontal telescopic mechanism is provided between the right side plate and the right side surface of the right side pressing plate of the sample container 2. The cost is low and the realization is easy.
The three-dimensional tunnel model test device for water rock coupling further comprises a third dowel plate 20, a second dowel bar 21, a fourth dowel plate 22 and a third dowel bar 23. The second dowel bar 21 is arranged between the left side surface of the left pressing plate of the sample container 2 and the right side surface of the third dowel plate 20, and the third dowel bar 23 is arranged between the right side surface of the right pressing plate of the sample container 2 and the left side surface of the fourth dowel plate 22; the horizontal telescopic mechanism is arranged between the left side plate 12 of the transverse limiting assembly and the third dowel plate 20, and the right side of the fourth dowel plate 22 abuts against the right side plate 13 of the transverse limiting assembly; or the horizontal telescopic mechanism is arranged between the right side plate 13 and the fourth force transmission plate 22 of the transverse limiting assembly, and the left side of the third force transmission plate 20 is abutted against the left side plate 12 of the transverse limiting assembly. In this case, the left and right pressing plates of the sample container 2 can be uniformly pressed.
The three-dimensional tunnel model test device for water rock coupling further comprises a second pressure sensor 24. The second pressure sensor 24 is arranged between the fourth dowel steel 22 and the right side plate 13 of the transverse limiting assembly; alternatively, the second pressure sensor 24 is disposed between the third dowel plate 20 and the left side plate 12 of the lateral restraining assembly; the second pressure sensor 24 is used to sense lateral pressure data. In this case, the lateral pressure data can be made to be sensed in real time.
The second dowel bars 21 comprise a plurality of dowel bars, and the second dowel bars 21 are uniformly distributed in front of the left pressure plate and the third dowel plate 20 of the sample container 2; the third dowel 23 comprises a plurality of third dowel bars 23, and the third dowel bars 23 are uniformly distributed between the right pressure plate of the sample container 2 and the fourth dowel plate 22. In this case, the left and right pressing plates of the sample container 2 can be uniformly pressed.
Wherein, the excavation angle of the simulation tunnel 3 is adjustable. Under the condition, the tunnel under various conditions can be simulated, so that the water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device provided by the embodiment of the invention has a wider application range.
The three-dimensional tunnel model test device for water rock coupling further comprises a liquid discharge pipe 25. The liquid discharge pipe comprises a trunk and a plurality of branches, the branches are communicated with a liquid discharge hole of the sample container, and the branches are respectively communicated with the trunk. In this case, the liquid entering the test simulation sample can be led out in a controlled manner according to the actual situation.
Wherein, a stop valve is arranged on the branch and/or the main road. In this case, it is more convenient to control the discharge of the liquid into the test simulation specimen.
The vertical limiting member 11 includes a bearing column 26 and a connecting rod 27, the bottom of the connecting rod 27 is fixedly connected to the bearing column 26, and the diameter of the bearing column 26 is greater than the diameter of the through hole of the first transmission plate 15. In this case, the first force transfer plate 15 can be made to be restricted by the shape of the load-bearing column 26 itself, so that the action of the first force transfer plate 15 is made more stable.
Wherein the diameter of the bearing column 26 is increased from top to bottom. In this case, the bearing range of the bearing column 26 can be further increased, so that the water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel simulation test device provided by the embodiment of the invention is more reliable, and the service life is prolonged.
The three-dimensional tunnel model test device for water rock coupling further comprises a distributed optical fiber, and the distributed optical fiber is used for sensing deformation data in the simulation tunnel 3. In this case, deformation data within the simulated tunnel 3 can be made to be sensed in real time.
The three-dimensional tunnel model test device for water rock coupling further comprises an industrial camera or an industrial video camera 34, wherein the industrial camera or the industrial video camera 34 is used for monitoring the section of the simulated tunnel 3 in real time, and the real-time monitoring method comprises the following steps:
step S1: acquiring a real-time image of the cross section of the simulated tunnel 3 through an industrial camera or an industrial video camera 34;
step S2: obtaining digital speckles according to the real-time image of the end face of the simulated tunnel 3;
step S3: and obtaining a real-time stress and strain analysis conclusion of the simulated tunnel 3 according to the digital speckles.
Under the condition, the real-time stress and strain analysis conclusion of the simulated tunnel 3 can be obtained through a simple and feasible method, and the human resources are saved.
The three-dimensional tunnel model test device for water rock coupling further comprises an intelligent terminal 38, and the intelligent terminal 38 is used for controlling the force application unit and/or the liquid inlet hole and/or the liquid outlet hole. Under the condition, unattended operation can be achieved, and human resources are further saved.
Wherein, three-dimensional tunnel model test device of water rock coupling still includes intelligent terminal 38, and intelligent terminal includes:
the image acquisition module is used for acquiring a real-time image of the section of the simulation tunnel 3;
the digital speckle acquisition module is used for acquiring digital speckles according to the real-time image of the end face of the simulation tunnel 3;
and the analysis module is used for obtaining a real-time stress and strain analysis conclusion of the simulated tunnel 3 according to the digital speckles.
In this case, the real-time stress and strain analysis conclusion of the simulated tunnel 3 can be obtained only by the terminal, and the human resources are saved.
Wherein, install application on the intelligent terminal, application includes:
the image acquisition module is used for acquiring a real-time image of the section of the simulation tunnel 3;
the digital speckle acquisition module is used for acquiring digital speckles according to the real-time image of the end face of the simulation tunnel 3;
and the analysis module is used for obtaining a real-time stress and strain analysis conclusion of the simulated tunnel 3 according to the digital speckles.
In this case, only the application program needs to be downloaded, and the existing terminal equipment can be utilized, so that the cost is further saved.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.

Claims (10)

1. A water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device is characterized by comprising a sample container and a force application unit,
the shape of the containing cavity of the sample container is matched with the external shape of the test model sample, wherein a simulation tunnel is excavated on the test model sample;
the test model sample is contained in the sample container;
the force applying unit is capable of applying a force to the test pattern in a radial direction of the specimen container;
and at least one surface of the sample container is provided with a liquid inlet hole, and the sample container is also provided with a liquid outlet hole.
2. The water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device of claim 1,
the sample container comprises a front side pressing plate, a rear side pressing plate, a left side pressing plate, a right side pressing plate, a supporting plate and a top plate, and a space enclosed by the front side pressing plate, the rear side pressing plate, the left side pressing plate, the right side pressing plate, the supporting plate and the top plate is the accommodating cavity.
3. The water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device of claim 2, wherein a door is arranged on a front side pressure plate of the sample container, and the door is hinged with the front side pressure plate.
4. The water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device of claim 3, further comprising a handle fixedly connected to the door, wherein the handle is connected to the door at a position remote from the hinge.
5. The water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device of claim 2, wherein the front side pressing plate and the rear side pressing plate are made of tempered glass.
6. The water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device of claim 1, wherein the force application unit comprises a loading frame, a vertical force application mechanism and a transverse force application mechanism,
the loading frame comprises a vertical limiting component and a transverse limiting assembly component, the vertical limiting component comprises a bottom plate, a top plate and a vertical limiting component, the transverse limiting component comprises a left side plate, a right side plate and a transverse limiting component, the vertical limiting component is arranged at the periphery of the transverse limiting assembly component, the sample container is arranged in the transverse limiting component, or the transverse limiting component is arranged at the periphery of the vertical limiting component, the sample container is arranged in the vertical limiting component, wherein,
the vertical force application mechanism can apply vertical force to the test model under the limitation of the vertical limiting assembly;
the transverse force applying mechanism can apply transverse acting force to the test model under the limitation of the transverse limiting assembly.
7. The water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device of claim 6,
one end of the vertical limiting part is connected to the bottom plate, and the other end of the vertical limiting part is connected to the top plate, so that the distance between the top surface of the bottom plate and the bottom surface of the top plate is limited by the vertical limiting part.
8. The water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device of claim 6,
one end of the transverse limiting part is connected to the left side plate, and the other end of the transverse limiting part is connected to the right side plate, so that the distance between the right side face of the left side plate and the left side face of the right side plate is limited by the transverse limiting part.
9. The water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device of claim 6, wherein the vertical force application mechanism comprises a lifting mechanism, the lifting mechanism comprises a first fixed end and a first free end, a first moving pair is formed between the first fixed end and the first free end,
the lifting mechanism is disposed between the bottom plate and the bottom surface of the sample container support plate.
10. The water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device of claim 9, wherein the vertical force application mechanism further comprises a first force transmission plate and an object stage,
the vertical limiting assembly penetrates through the first force transmission plate,
the lifting mechanism is arranged between the bottom plate and the first transmission plate,
the stage is disposed between the first force transfer plate and the bottom surface of the sample vessel support plate;
preferably, the vertical force application mechanism further comprises a first force transmission rod and a second force transmission plate,
the first force transfer rod is arranged between the top plate of the sample container and the bottom surface of the second force transfer plate;
the second dowel plate is arranged between the top plate of the vertical limiting assembly and the first dowel bar;
preferably, the water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device further comprises a first pressure sensor,
the first pressure sensor is arranged between the top plate of the vertical limiting assembly and the second dowel plate and used for sensing vertical pressure data;
preferably, the first force transmission rods comprise a plurality of force transmission rods, and the first force transmission rods are uniformly distributed between the top plate of the sample container and the bottom surface of the second force transmission plate;
preferably, the transverse force application mechanism comprises a horizontal telescopic mechanism, the horizontal telescopic mechanism comprises a second fixed end and a second movable end, a second sliding pair is formed between the second fixed end and the second movable end,
the horizontal telescopic mechanism is arranged between the left side plate and the left side surface of the left side pressing plate of the sample container; or the horizontal telescopic mechanism is arranged between the right side plate and the right side surface of the right side pressing plate of the sample container;
preferably, the water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device further comprises a third dowel plate, a second dowel bar, a fourth dowel plate and a third dowel bar,
the second dowel bar is arranged between the left side surface of the left pressure plate of the sample container and the right side surface of the third dowel plate, and the third dowel bar is arranged between the right side surface of the right pressure plate of the sample container and the left side surface of the fourth dowel plate;
the horizontal telescopic mechanism is arranged between the left side plate of the transverse limiting assembly and the third force transmission plate, and the right side of the fourth force transmission plate is abutted against the right side plate of the transverse limiting assembly; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the horizontal telescopic mechanism is arranged between the right side plate of the transverse limiting assembly and the fourth dowel plate, and the left side of the third dowel plate abuts against the left side plate of the transverse limiting assembly;
preferably, the water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device further comprises a second pressure sensor,
the second pressure sensor is arranged between the fourth dowel steel and the right side plate of the transverse limiting assembly; alternatively, the first and second electrodes may be,
the second pressure sensor is arranged between the third dowel plate and the left side plate of the transverse limiting assembly;
the second pressure sensor is for sensing lateral pressure data;
as a preference, the first and second liquid crystal compositions are,
the second dowel bars are uniformly distributed in front of a left pressure plate and a third dowel plate of the sample container;
the third dowel bars are uniformly distributed between the right pressure plate and the fourth dowel plate of the sample container;
preferably, the excavation angle of the simulated tunnel is adjustable;
preferably, the water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device further comprises a liquid discharge pipe,
the liquid discharge pipe comprises a main path and a plurality of branch paths, the branch paths are communicated with the liquid discharge hole of the sample container, and the branch paths are respectively communicated with the main path;
preferably, a stop valve is arranged on the branch and/or the main road;
preferably, the vertical limiting part comprises a bearing column and a connecting rod, the bottom of the connecting rod is fixedly connected to the bearing column, and the diameter of the bearing column is larger than that of the through hole of the first transmission plate;
preferably, the diameter of the bearing column is increased from top to bottom;
preferably, the water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device is characterized by further comprising a distributed optical fiber, wherein the distributed optical fiber is used for sensing deformation data in the simulated tunnel;
preferably, the water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device further comprises an industrial camera or an industrial video camera, and the industrial camera or the industrial video camera is used for monitoring the section of the simulated tunnel in real time, wherein the real-time monitoring method comprises the following steps:
acquiring a real-time image of the section of the simulated tunnel through the camera or the video camera;
obtaining digital speckles according to the real-time image of the end face of the simulated tunnel;
obtaining a real-time stress and strain analysis conclusion of the simulated tunnel according to the digital speckles;
preferably, the water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device further comprises an intelligent terminal, and the intelligent terminal is used for controlling the force application unit and/or the liquid inlet hole and/or the liquid outlet hole;
preferably, the three-dimensional tunnel model test device of water rock coupling still includes intelligent terminal, intelligent terminal includes:
the image acquisition module is used for acquiring a real-time image of the section of the simulated tunnel;
the digital speckle acquisition module is used for acquiring digital speckles according to the real-time image of the end face of the simulated tunnel;
the analysis module is used for obtaining a real-time stress and strain analysis conclusion of the simulated tunnel according to the digital speckles;
preferably, the intelligent terminal is installed with an application program, and the application program includes:
the image acquisition module is used for acquiring a real-time image of the section of the simulated tunnel;
the digital speckle acquisition module is used for acquiring digital speckles according to the real-time image of the end face of the simulated tunnel;
and the analysis module is used for obtaining a real-time stress and strain analysis conclusion of the simulated tunnel according to the digital speckles.
CN202111454836.5A 2021-12-01 2021-12-01 Water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device Pending CN114002068A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111454836.5A CN114002068A (en) 2021-12-01 2021-12-01 Water-rock coupled three-dimensional tunnel model test device

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117074168A (en) * 2023-07-05 2023-11-17 中国矿业大学(北京) Surrounding rock deformation experimental device and method for horizontal and vertical linkage mechanics simulation
CN117589970A (en) * 2024-01-19 2024-02-23 北京交通大学 Tunnel excavation test device capable of simulating fluid-solid coupling effect
CN117074168B (en) * 2023-07-05 2024-05-24 中国矿业大学(北京) Surrounding rock deformation experimental device and method for horizontal and vertical linkage mechanics simulation

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117074168A (en) * 2023-07-05 2023-11-17 中国矿业大学(北京) Surrounding rock deformation experimental device and method for horizontal and vertical linkage mechanics simulation
CN117074168B (en) * 2023-07-05 2024-05-24 中国矿业大学(北京) Surrounding rock deformation experimental device and method for horizontal and vertical linkage mechanics simulation
CN117589970A (en) * 2024-01-19 2024-02-23 北京交通大学 Tunnel excavation test device capable of simulating fluid-solid coupling effect
CN117589970B (en) * 2024-01-19 2024-03-29 北京交通大学 Tunnel excavation test device capable of simulating fluid-solid coupling effect

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