CN114001763A - 一种基于dwdm的多通道解调系统及解调方法 - Google Patents

一种基于dwdm的多通道解调系统及解调方法 Download PDF

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CN114001763A
CN114001763A CN202111269004.6A CN202111269004A CN114001763A CN 114001763 A CN114001763 A CN 114001763A CN 202111269004 A CN202111269004 A CN 202111269004A CN 114001763 A CN114001763 A CN 114001763A
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dwdm
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朱宇柔
张建新
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Zhejiang Sci Tech University ZSTU
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    • G01D5/26Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/268Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light using optical fibres
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    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/26Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
    • G01D5/32Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
    • G01D5/34Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
    • G01D5/35306Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
    • G01D5/35309Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer
    • G01D5/35316Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer using a Bragg gratings
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    • G01D5/34Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
    • G01D5/353Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
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    • G01D5/35387Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using multiple sensor devices using multiplexing techniques using wavelength division multiplexing

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Abstract

本发明提供一种基于DWDM的多通道解调系统及解调方法,涉及光纤解调领域,包括光源、光纤类传感器阵列和基于DWDM的多通道解调仪组成;所述基于DWDM的多通道解调仪包括:光信号解调部分和电信号处理部分;所述光信号解调部分,包括:六通道分波复用器;所述电信号处理部分,包括:光电转换电路、信号调理电路、A/D采样电路;解决了现有解调系统结构相对复杂,造价颇高,不适用于工程监测的问题。

Description

一种基于DWDM的多通道解调系统及解调方法
技术领域
本发明涉及光纤解调仪技术领域,具体为一种基于DWDM的多通道解调系统及解调方法。
背景技术
光纤类传感器集信息传递和传感功能于一身,且具有纤细、质轻、可宽带和高速率传输,抗电磁干扰、抗腐蚀能力强等特点,易于实现远程传感,非常适用于建筑物(桥梁、高层建筑、大坝等)和智能蒙皮健康监测。在公路、桥梁等健康监测的实际应用场合中,需要对震动引起的结构应变变化进行实时动态监测,待测量既有大幅度缓慢变化,也会有小幅度快速变化,所以静态和动态监测结合法在解调技术发展中显得极为重要。实现静态测量,需要有较好的稳定性及较大的量程;实现动态测量,要求光路解调器件有较快的相应时间,同时光纤类解调仪也要有较高的采样速度。目前市场上商用的解调速度一般在几赫兹到几百赫兹左右,仅能满足静态或准静态的检测,不能满足震动、地质监测等动态环境所要求的高速度采样。
光纤类传感器是通过中心波长的变化来反映外界物理参量的变化,因此在光纤类传感系统中,最为重要的部分就是对光纤类传感器波长的解调方法,目前光纤类传感器的波长解调方法有很多,主要有光谱仪检测法、匹配滤波法、衍射解调法和边缘滤波法等。
不同的解调方法其都有各自的特点,但是这些系统相对复杂,造价颇高,在工程监测的应用中,往往需要设备结构简单且成本低廉的波长检测方案,另外在工程监测中,往往对系统的解调速度和精度有很高的要求。
发明内容
(一)解决的技术问题
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种基于DWDM的多通道解调系统及解调方法,解决了上述背景技术中提出的现有解调系统结构相对复杂,造价颇高,不适用于工程监测的问题。
(二)技术方案
为实现以上目的,本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现:一种基于DWDM的多通道解调系统,包括:光源1-1、光纤类传感器阵列1-3和基于DWDM的多通道解调仪组成;
所述基于DWDM的多通道解调仪包括:光信号解调部分和电信号处理部分;
所述光信号解调部分,包括:六通道分波复用器1-5;
所述电信号处理部分,包括:光电转换电路1-6、信号调理电路1-8、A/D采样电路1-12。
优选地,所述光源1-1采用宽谱SLED光源。
优选地,所述系统还包括三端口环形器1-2、光纤耦合器1-4。
优选地,所述光纤耦合器1-4采用99:1的光纤耦合器,99%的反射光作为被测光,1%的反射光作为参考光。
优选地,所述信号调理电路1-8包括:I/V转换电路1-9、线性放大电路1-10和低通滤波电路1-11,所述I/V转换电路1-9对电流信号先进行对数放大再转化为电压信号,所述线性放大电路1-10对转化后的电压进行二级放大,所述低通滤波电路进行信号过滤;所述I/V转换电路可选用AD8304芯片,所述低通滤波器可选用MAX275ACWP芯片。
优选地,所述基于DWDM的多通道解调仪采用六通道密集型波分复用器作为无源比例滤波器。
优选地,所述光电转换电路1-6由PIN光电二极管1-7,型号可以选用北京敏光科技有限公司的LSIPD-UL0.3-PIN铟镓砷光电二极管。
优选地,所述光纤类传感器阵列1-3由六个光纤Bragg光栅组成的光纤传感阵列。
本发明还提供一种基于DWDM的多通道解调方法,所述方法包括:
光源1-1作为激励信号源经三端口环形器1-2入射到所述光纤类传感器阵列1-3上;
经过所述光纤类传感器阵列1-3反射的光束经三端口环形器1-2再经光纤耦合器1-4入射到所述六通道密集型波分复用器1-5中对反射光进行解调;
经过所述六通道密集型波分复用器1-5各通道透射出的透射光强进入所述电信号处理部分,所述电信号处理部分通过所述光电转换电路1-6将光强转化为电信号,再通过所述信号调理电路1-8转化为电压信号,最后通过A/D采样电路1-12转化为可供上位机1-15处理的数字信号;
当光纤类传感器阵列1-3受外界应力或温度变化的影响导致反射光的中心波长发生变化时,通过所述六通道密集型波分复用器1-5的透射光强就会相应的变化,通过检测透射光强的变化从而得出反射光中心波长的漂移量。
有益效果
本发明提供了一种基于DWDM的多通道解调系统及解调方法。具备以下有益效果:
本发明提供一种基于DWDM的多通道解调系统及解调方法,采用边缘滤波法实现对波长的解调,其解调精确度只与滤波器件的斜率有关,消除了由于光源的波动性对解调系统的影响,因此可以选用廉价的SLED光源有效降低成本;同时,多通道解调系统的设计实现了多通道高速检测,从而提高了检测精度,本发明解决了对光纤类传感器监测值无法进行动态监测的问题,达到了满足静态和动态高速检测的目的;同时,多通道的设计实现了多点同时检测,从而提高检测精度。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的一种基于DWDM的多通道解调系统结构图;
图2为本发明提供的一种基于DWDM的多通道解调方法流程图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。
本发明实施例提供一种基于DWDM的多通道解调系统结构图,如图1所示,包括:光源1-1、光纤类传感器阵列1-3和基于DWDM的多通道解调仪组成;
所述基于DWDM的多通道解调仪包括:光信号解调部分和电信号处理部分;
所述光信号解调部分,包括:六通道分波复用器1-5;
由于,若密集型波分复用器的透射率与波长的关系为线性,即
F(λ0)-F(λ)=A(λ0-λ) (1-1)
其中A为密集型波分复用器的斜率,λ0为参考波长,即F(λ0)为参考光强,λ为待测中心波长。
若密集型波分复用器的透射率与波长的关系为线性的,经密集型波分复用器透射的光强与反射光的中心波长λ0的关系也是线性的,当光纤类传感器受到外界影响,其反射光中心波长变为(λ0+Δλ),其中中心波长变化量Δλ与反射光强变化量ΔI之间的关系也是线性的。
所述电信号处理部分,包括:光电转换电路1-6、信号调理电路1-8、A/D采样电路1-12。
优选地,所述光源1-1采用宽谱SLED光源。
优选地,所述系统还包括三端口环形器1-2、光纤耦合器1-4。
优选地,所述光纤耦合器1-4采用99:1的光纤耦合器,99%的反射光作为被测光,1%的反射光作为参考光。
优选地,所述信号调理电路1-8包括:I/V转换电路1-9、线性放大电路1-10和低通滤波电路1-11,所述I/V转换电路1-9对电流信号先进行对数放大再转化为电压信号,所述线性放大电路1-10对转化后的电压进行二级放大,所述低通滤波电路进行信号过滤;所述I/V转换电路可选用AD8304芯片,所述低通滤波器可选用MAX275ACWP芯片。
优选地,所述基于DWDM的多通道解调仪采用六通道密集型波分复用器作为无源比例滤波器。
优选地,所述光电转换电路1-6由PIN光电二极管1-7,型号可以选用北京敏光科技有限公司的LSIPD-UL0.3-PIN铟镓砷光电二极管。
优选地,所述光纤类传感器阵列1-3由六个光纤Bragg光栅组成的光纤传感阵列。
如图2所示,本发明实施例还提供一种基于DWDM的多通道解调方法,所述方法包括:
S1光源1-1作为激励信号源经三端口环形器1-2入射到所述光纤类传感器阵列1-3上;
S2经过所述光纤类传感器阵列1-3反射的光束经三端口环形器1-2再经光纤耦合器1-4入射到所述六通道密集型波分复用器1-5中对反射光进行解调;
S3经过所述六通道密集型波分复用器1-5各通道透射出的透射光强进入所述电信号处理部分,所述电信号处理部分通过所述光电转换电路1-6将光强转化为电信号,再通过所述信号调理电路1-8转化为电压信号,最后通过A/D采样电路1-12转化为可供上位机1-15处理的数字信号;
在一个实施例中,SLED光源发出的激励光源经三端口环形器的一端口射入,从三端口环形器的二端口射出进入光纤Bragg光栅传感阵列;根据光纤耦合模理论,当光在光纤光栅中传播时,满足Bragg条件的光被反射,反射光的中心波长λ即为光纤Bragg光栅的中心波长λB;反射光经三端口环形器的二端口入射,由三端口环形器的三端口射出进入99:1光纤耦合器;
经过99:1光纤耦合器,99%的反射光进入密集型波分复用器,1%的反射光作为参考光强直接进入PIN光电探测器。本实施例中的六通道密集型波分复用器内置风机作为温度控制装置,降低温漂对密集型波分复用器带来的系统误差,增强了系统解调的稳定性和精确度。密集型波分复用器解调原理为:当DWDM其中一个信道端口的波长值与FBG反射光的中心波长一致时,这个信道口上就会出现最大的光功率输出,也就是说DWDM对FBG反射光的中心波长相当于一个波长选择性探测器。密集型波分复用器的最大透射光强进入PIN光电二极管进行光电转换,通过电信号处理部分从而计算出密集型波分复用器的最大透射光强。又因为密集型波分复用器的透射率为线性的,因此经密集型波分复用器的透射的光强与FBG的中心波长的关系也是线性的,以下为其因果关系的证明:
若无源比例滤波器的透射率与波长的关系为线性的,即:
F(λ0)-F(λ)=A(λ0-λ) (1-1)
其中,A为无源比例滤波器的斜率,λ0为参考波长,此时的参考波长即FBG反射光的中心波长即FBG的中心波长,即F(λ0)为参考光强,λ为待测中心波长。
而Bragg光栅的反射率R可以用高斯曲线近似表示:
R(λ,λ0)=y0+R0exp[-a(λ-λ0)2] (1-3)
其中,y0为背景反射分量;R0为峰值反射率;a=4ln2/b^2为FBG常数,b为FBG的半幅全款(FWHM);λ0为FBG的中心波长。
经99:1的光纤耦合器后,FBG反射光
Figure BDA0003327470870000061
照射到密集型波分复用器上,其透射光强为:
Figure BDA0003327470870000071
其中,T(λ)为密集型波分复用器温度与信口端口波长值的函数关系,p0为光源输出功率。
把公式(1-1)和公式(1-3)代入公式(1-4),应用
Figure BDA0003327470870000072
得:
Figure BDA0003327470870000073
其中,k为与已知量有关的常数。
所以如果密集型波分复用器的透射率为线性,经密集型波分复用器的光强与FBG的中心波长λ0也为线性的;光强变化量与中心波长变化量同样为线性的:
Figure BDA0003327470870000074
所以,通过探测无源比例滤波器光强就可以确定中心波长的变化量,实现解调。
根据线性滤波公式(1-1)可知,被检测波长λ应表示为:
Figure BDA0003327470870000075
式中λ0为参考波长,F(λ0)为其对应的光功率值,An为第n个通道对应的边缘相应系数,F(λ)为通道检测到的光功率值。
S4当光纤类传感器阵列1-3受外界应力或温度变化的影响导致反射光的中心波长发生变化时,通过所述六通道密集型波分复用器1-5的透射光强就会相应的变化,通过检测透射光强的变化从而得出反射光中心波长的漂移量。
I/V转换电路主要由AD8304组成,AD8304可提供多样、易用的极宽动态范围符合电路设计要求。由于其有专门的光电二极管接口,内部集成了温度补偿电路,所以转换精度较高。在本实施例中,6个AD8304分别将I1~I6电流转换为微弱电压信号VLOG1~VLOG6。
放大电路的放大功能主要由AD706来实现,AD706可实现精密双极性输入放大器的微伏失调电压和低噪声特性,AD706采用两级放大电路,在保证放大倍数的同时保证了电路本身的品质因数。它利用Super-beta双极性输入晶体管实现将上一级I/V转换电路输出的微弱电压量进行线性放大的功能。在本实施例中,6个AD706分别将微弱电压信号VLOG1~VLOG6放大为V1~V6。
微弱的电压信号通过线性放大电路进行放大之后再通过低通滤波电路,低通滤波电路由MAX275ACWP构成,MAX275ACWP可以根据需要实现带通和低通滤波的功能,并且能够通过外围电路阻值精确设定通频带,通过输入电阻的阻值设置滤波频率,进行滤波处理,消除杂波,抖动等高频信号的干扰。经过滤波后的电压进入A/D采样电路。
在一个实施例中,A/D采样电路采用两块四通道A/D采样芯片AD7934,以级联的方式,并行输入上位机,精度达到12位,每个通道的采样速度达到250ksps,满足高速采样和高速转化的需求。AD7934负责高速采样,之后将处理后的数据发送到上位机。
在一个实施例中,上位机采用反演计算得到DWDM的最大透射光强,进而由公式(1-2)计算出反射光的中心波长。当光纤Bragg光栅受到外界应力或温度的变化时,由透射光强的变化ΔI可得出反射光中心波长的漂移量Δλ,即得出光纤Bragg光栅中心波长的变化量。
综上所述,本发明具体实现方式如下:
宽谱SLED光源作为激励信号源经三端口环形器入射到光纤类传感器阵列上,经过光纤类传感器阵列反射的六条光束经三端口环形器再进入99:1光纤耦合器,其中99%的光进入到密集型波分复用(DWDM)中,再从DWDM的各通道透射出进入电信号处理部分,1%的反射光谱作为参考光谱直接进入到光电探测器中。根据线性滤波公式(1-1)可知,被检测波长λ应表示为:
Figure BDA0003327470870000091
式中λ0为参考波长,F(λ0)为其对应的光功率值,An为第n个通道对应的边缘相应系数,F(λ)为通道检测到的光功率值。
电信号处理部分通过PIN光电二极管将光强转化为电信号,再通过信号调理电路转化为电压信号,最后通过A/D采样电路转化为可供上位机处理的数字信号。当光纤类传感器受外界应力或温度变化的影响导致反射光的中心波长发生变化时,通过六通道密集型波分复用器的透射光强就会发生相应的变化,通过检测透射光强的变化从而得出反射光中心波长的漂移量。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (9)

1.一种基于DWDM的多通道解调系统,其特征在于,包括:光源(1-1)、光纤类传感器阵列(1-3)和基于DWDM的多通道解调仪组成;
所述基于DWDM的多通道解调仪包括:光信号解调部分和电信号处理部分;
所述光信号解调部分,包括:六通道分波复用器(1-5);
所述电信号处理部分,包括:光电转换电路(1-6)、信号调理电路(1-8)、A/D采样电路(1-12)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于DWDM的多通道解调系统,其特征在于,所述光源(1-1)采用宽谱SLED光源。
3.根据权利要求2所述一种基于DWDM的多通道解调系统,其特征在于,所述系统还包括三端口环形器(1-2)、光纤耦合器(1-4)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种基于DWDM的多通道解调系统,其特征在于,所述光纤耦合器(1-4)采用99:1的光纤耦合器,99%的反射光作为被测光,1%的反射光作为参考光。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种基于DWDM的多通道解调系统,其特征在于,所述信号调理电路(1-8)包括I/V转换电路(1-9)、线性放大电路(1-10)和低通滤波电路(1-11),所述I/V转换电路(1-9)对电流信号先进行对数放大再转化为电压信号,所述线性放大电路(1-10)对转化后的电压进行二级放大,所述低通滤波电路进行信号过滤;所述I/V转换电路可选用AD8304芯片,所述低通滤波器可选用MAX275ACWP芯片。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种基于DWDM的多通道解调系统,其特征在于,所述基于DWDM的多通道解调仪采用六通道密集型波分复用器作为无源比例滤波器。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种基于DWDM的多通道解调系统,其特征在于,所述光电转换电路(1-6)由PIN光电二极管(1-7),型号可以选用北京敏光科技有限公司的LSIPD-UL0.3-PIN铟镓砷光电二极管。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种基于DWDM的多通道解调系统,其特征在于,所述光纤类传感器阵列(1-3)由六个光纤Bragg光栅组成的光纤传感阵列。
9.一种基于DWDM的多通道解调方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:
光源(1-1)作为激励信号源经三端口环形器(1-2)入射到所述光纤类传感器阵列(1-3)上,经过所述光纤类传感器阵列(1-3)反射的光束经三端口环形器(1-2)再经光纤耦合器(1-4)入射到所述六通道密集型波分复用器(1-5)中对反射光进行解调;经过所述六通道密集型波分复用器(1-5)各通道透射出的透射光强进入所述电信号处理部分,所述电信号处理部分通过所述光电转换电路(1-6)将光强转化为电信号,再通过所述信号调理电路(1-8)转化为电压信号,最后通过A/D采样电路(1-12)转化为可供上位机(1-15)处理的数字信号;
当光纤类传感器阵列(1-3)受外界应力或温度变化的影响导致反射光的中心波长发生变化时,通过所述六通道密集型波分复用器(1-5)的透射光强就会相应的变化,通过检测透射光强的变化从而得出反射光中心波长的漂移量。
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