CN114001273A - Hydrogen liquefaction and hydrogen storage system - Google Patents

Hydrogen liquefaction and hydrogen storage system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114001273A
CN114001273A CN202111446219.0A CN202111446219A CN114001273A CN 114001273 A CN114001273 A CN 114001273A CN 202111446219 A CN202111446219 A CN 202111446219A CN 114001273 A CN114001273 A CN 114001273A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
cooling
storage tank
liquid
catalytic converter
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Pending
Application number
CN202111446219.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陈宇
张小玉
张荣沛
邵澍晖
高文宽
谢小挺
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China Shipbuilding Power Engineering Institute Co Ltd
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China Shipbuilding Power Engineering Institute Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202111446219.0A priority Critical patent/CN114001273A/en
Publication of CN114001273A publication Critical patent/CN114001273A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F17C9/04—Recovery of thermal energy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/0089—Ortho-para conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
    • F25J1/001—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0042—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by liquid expansion with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0052—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0626—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/07—Actions triggered by measured parameters
    • F17C2250/072—Action when predefined value is reached
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
    • F25J2240/40—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/90—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being boil-off gas from storage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage, and discloses a hydrogen liquefying and storing system which comprises a hydrogen liquefying system and a hydrogen storing system, wherein the hydrogen liquefying system comprises a hydrogen source, a precooling system, a first catalytic converter and a cooling system which are sequentially communicated along the flowing direction of hydrogen, the hydrogen storing system comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank and a gas hydrogen storage tank, the liquid hydrogen storage tank can store liquid hydrogen, vaporized hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank can be stored in the gas hydrogen storage tank through a recovery pipeline, and the recovery pipeline penetrates through the precooling system. According to the hydrogen liquefying and storing system provided by the invention, part of vaporized hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank can be stored in the gas hydrogen storage tank through the recovery pipeline, so that the waste of the part of hydrogen is avoided, and the precooling system is arranged through the recovery pipeline, so that the vaporized hydrogen can cool the hydrogen to be liquefied in the precooling system, and further, the cold energy in the part of hydrogen is fully utilized.

Description

Hydrogen liquefaction and hydrogen storage system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage, in particular to a hydrogen liquefying and storing system.
Background
With the increasing shortage of energy supply in various regions of the world and the excessive exploitation of fossil energy, the collection and utilization of renewable energy becomes the focus of attention at home and abroad, and hydrogen is taken as renewable energy independent of any fossil energy, is green, environment-friendly and easy to prepare, and gradually plays an important role in the fields of energy storage batteries, aerospace, automobile manufacturing and the like.
In the prior art, gaseous hydrogen is generally cooled and liquefied by a cooling device and then is converted into liquid hydrogen to be stored in a storage tank, the storage temperature required by the liquid hydrogen is lower than-252.87 ℃, the existing storage tank cannot completely insulate heat, and the proportion of parahydrogen in the liquid hydrogen cannot reach 100%, so that part of the liquid hydrogen in the storage tank is vaporized into hydrogen, the part of the hydrogen is generally directly discharged from the storage tank, the vaporized hydrogen and the cold energy of the part of the vaporized hydrogen cannot be fully used, and the part of the vaporized hydrogen is directly wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hydrogen liquefying and storing system, which solves the problem that in the prior art, gas generated after partial vaporization of liquid hydrogen is directly wasted.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a hydrogen liquefaction and storage system comprising:
the hydrogen liquefaction system comprises a hydrogen source, a precooling system, a first catalytic converter and a cooling system which are sequentially communicated along the flowing direction of hydrogen, wherein a refrigerant is arranged in the precooling system, the refrigerant can precool the hydrogen, the first catalytic converter can carry out a positive-secondary catalytic conversion reaction on the hydrogen, and the cooling system can cool the hydrogen so as to liquefy the hydrogen into liquid hydrogen;
the hydrogen storage system comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank and a gas hydrogen storage tank, wherein the liquid hydrogen storage tank is connected with the cooling system, the liquid hydrogen storage tank can store liquid hydrogen, vaporized hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank can be stored in the gas hydrogen storage tank through a recovery pipeline, the recovery pipeline is arranged in a penetrating way in the pre-cooling system, and the vaporized hydrogen can pass through the pre-cooling system and can be liquefied in the pre-cooling system to cool the hydrogen.
Optionally, the liquid hydrogen storage tank with the link of retrieving the pipeline is provided with discharge valve, be provided with pressure sensor in the liquid hydrogen storage tank, pressure sensor with the discharge valve electricity is connected, pressure sensor can measure the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and control the discharge valve switching.
Optionally, a hydrogen compressor is disposed on the recovery pipeline between the pre-cooling system and the gas-hydrogen storage tank.
Optionally, the hydrogen purification system is further included, and the hydrogen purification system is disposed between the hydrogen source and the pre-cooling system.
Optionally, the pre-cooling system includes a first pre-cooling device and a second pre-cooling device, the first pre-cooling device is connected to the second pre-cooling device, the recovery pipeline penetrates through the first pre-cooling device, and the refrigerant is disposed in the second pre-cooling device.
Optionally, the cooling system further comprises a cooling medium cooling device, wherein the cooling medium cooling device can cool the cooling medium.
Optionally, the cooling system comprises a cooling heat exchanger connected with the first catalytic converter, and the cooling heat exchanger can absorb heat of the hydrogen output from the first catalytic converter.
Optionally, the cooling system further includes a turbo expander, the turbo expander is connected to the cooling heat exchanger, and the turbo expander can perform expansion cooling on the hydrogen output from the cooling heat exchanger.
Optionally, the cooling system further includes an expansion valve, the expansion valve is connected to the turbo expander, and the expansion valve is capable of expanding and cooling the hydrogen gas output from the turbo expander, so as to liquefy the hydrogen gas into the liquid hydrogen.
Optionally, the system further comprises a second catalytic converter, the second catalytic converter is arranged between the cooling system and the liquid hydrogen storage tank, and the second catalytic converter can perform a positive-secondary catalytic conversion reaction on the liquid hydrogen.
Has the advantages that:
according to the hydrogen liquefying and storing system provided by the invention, the liquid hydrogen storage tank and the gas hydrogen storage tank are arranged, part of vaporized hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank can be stored in the gas hydrogen storage tank through the recovery pipeline, so that the vaporized hydrogen can be filled and used by an external hydrogen application end, the waste of the part of hydrogen is avoided, and the recovery pipeline penetrates through the precooling system, the vaporized hydrogen can be used for cooling the hydrogen to be liquefied in the precooling system together with a refrigerant when passing through the precooling system, so that the cold energy in the part of hydrogen can be fully utilized, and the waste of the cold energy in the part of hydrogen is avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the hydrogen liquefying and storing system of the present invention.
In the figure:
100. a source of hydrogen gas;
200. a pre-cooling system; 210. a first pre-cooling device; 220. a second pre-cooling device; 230. a refrigerant cooling device;
310. a first catalytic converter; 320. a second catalytic converter;
400. a cooling system; 410. cooling the heat exchanger; 420. a turbo expander; 430. an expansion valve;
500. a liquid hydrogen storage tank; 600. a gas hydrogen storage tank; 700. a recovery pipeline; 800. a hydrogen compressor; 900. a hydrogen purification system.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures.
In the description of the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning permanently connected, removably connected, or integral to one another; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description of the present embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", etc. are used in an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings only for convenience of description and simplicity of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes and are not intended to have a special meaning.
This embodiment provides a hydrogen liquefying and hydrogen storing system, as shown in fig. 1, the hydrogen liquefying and hydrogen storing system includes a hydrogen liquefying system and a hydrogen storing system, wherein the hydrogen liquefying system comprises a hydrogen source 100, a precooling system 200, a first catalytic converter 310 and a cooling system 400 which are sequentially communicated along the flow direction of the hydrogen, wherein a refrigerant is arranged in the precooling system 200, the refrigerant can precool hydrogen gas, the first catalytic converter 310 can perform a positive-secondary catalytic conversion reaction on the hydrogen gas, the cooling system 400 can cool the hydrogen gas so as to liquefy the hydrogen gas into liquid hydrogen, the hydrogen storage system comprises a liquid hydrogen storage tank 500 and a gas hydrogen storage tank 600, the liquid hydrogen storage tank 500 is connected with the cooling system 400, the liquid hydrogen storage tank 500 can store the liquid hydrogen, vaporized hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 500 can be stored in the gas hydrogen storage tank 600 through a recovery pipeline 700, the recycling pipeline 700 penetrates through the pre-cooling system 200, and the gasified hydrogen can cool the hydrogen to be liquefied in the pre-cooling system 200 when passing through the pre-cooling system 200.
In this embodiment, the hydrogen source 100 outputs hydrogen, then the hydrogen enters the pre-cooling system 200, the pre-cooling system 200 pre-cools the hydrogen, the pre-cooled hydrogen can be cooled to 80K, then when the hydrogen passes through the first catalytic converter 310, the catalyst in the first catalytic converter 310 can fully react with the hydrogen, and the positive-secondary catalytic conversion of the hydrogen is performed, the hydrogen enters the cooling system 400 after the positive-secondary catalytic conversion to be cooled, and as the temperature is gradually reduced, the normal hydrogen with the high-energy ground state is spontaneously converted into the secondary hydrogen with the low-energy ground state, so that the concentration of the secondary hydrogen is continuously increased, and when the hydrogen is finally liquefied into liquid hydrogen by cooling, the content of the secondary hydrogen can be not less than 95%. In this embodiment, the catalyst may be an iron-based catalyst, or may be other types of catalysts, which are not limited herein, and in this embodiment, the principle and process of the positive-secondary conversion of hydrogen are prior art and are not described herein in detail.
Through setting up liquid hydrogen storage tank 500 and gaseous hydrogen storage tank 600, the hydrogen of partial vaporization in liquid hydrogen storage tank 600 can be stored to gaseous hydrogen storage tank 600 through recovery pipeline 700, thereby can external hydrogen application end carry out the hydrogen filling, the waste that leads to in this part hydrogen direct emission to the atmosphere has been avoided, and because the hydrogen temperature of partial vaporization in liquid hydrogen storage tank 500 is very low, wear to establish precooling system 200 through setting up recovery pipeline 700, the hydrogen of vaporization can cool off the hydrogen of treating liquefaction in precooling system 200 simultaneously with the refrigerant when through precooling system 200, can carry out make full use of in this part hydrogen in order to avoid the waste of this part cold volume. In addition, in the embodiment, the vaporized hydrogen gas exchanges heat with the hydrogen gas to be liquefied in the pre-cooling system 200, so that the consumption of the refrigerant can be further reduced while the pre-cooling effect is further enhanced.
Specifically, the pre-cooling system 200 includes a first pre-cooling device 210 and a second pre-cooling device 220, the first pre-cooling device 210 is connected to the second pre-cooling device 220, the recycling pipeline 700 penetrates through the first pre-cooling device 210, and the refrigerant is disposed in the second pre-cooling device 220. In this embodiment, when no vaporized hydrogen passes through the recycling pipeline 700, the first pre-cooling device 210 does not function, in this case, the pre-cooling function of the pre-cooling system 200 is completely completed by the second pre-cooling device 220, and when vaporized hydrogen passes through the recycling pipeline 700, because the temperature of the vaporized hydrogen is very low, the vaporized hydrogen can serve as a temporary refrigerant to perform heat exchange on the hydrogen to be liquefied when passing through the first pre-cooling device 210, that is, the first pre-cooling device 210 and the second pre-cooling device 220 can simultaneously perform a cooling function on the hydrogen to be liquefied, so as to further improve the cooling effect, and when the first pre-cooling device 210 operates, the loss of the refrigerant in the second pre-cooling device 220 can be further reduced.
Further, the hydrogen liquefying and storing system further includes a cooling medium cooling device 230, and the cooling medium cooling device 230 can cool the cooling medium. In the working process of the precooling system 200, the coolant exchanges heat with hydrogen in the process of cooling hydrogen, so that the temperature of the coolant can gradually rise, and the coolant can be cooled to 230 by setting the coolant cooling device after the coolant works for a period of time, thereby ensuring that the coolant can ensure a reliable cooling effect in the cooling process. In the present embodiment, the refrigerant is preferably, but not limited to, low temperature liquid nitrogen.
Further, the connection end of the liquid hydrogen storage tank 500 and the recovery pipeline 700 is provided with an exhaust valve, a pressure sensor is arranged in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 500, the pressure sensor is electrically connected with the exhaust valve, and the pressure sensor can measure the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 500 and control the exhaust valve to open and close. In this embodiment, since the liquid hydrogen storage tank 500 cannot fully insulate heat and the ratio of parahydrogen in the liquid hydrogen cannot reach 100%, part of the liquid hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 500 is vaporized into hydrogen gas, when the hydrogen gas is gradually increased, the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 500 is also increased, so that by arranging the pressure sensor and the exhaust valve, the pressure sensor can monitor the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 500 in real time, when the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 500 exceeds a set threshold value, the pressure sensor sends a valve opening signal to the exhaust valve, the exhaust valve opens the valve body after receiving the valve opening signal, the hydrogen in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 500 is conveyed to the gas hydrogen storage tank 600 through the recovery pipeline 700 under the action of pressure, when the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank 500 is gradually lower than the set threshold value, the pressure sensor sends a valve closing signal to the exhaust valve, and the exhaust valve closes the valve body after receiving the valve opening signal. In this embodiment, the specific control process of the pressure sensor controlling the exhaust valve is the prior art, and is not described in detail herein.
Further, a hydrogen compressor 800 is disposed on the recycling pipeline 700 between the pre-cooling system 210 and the hydrogen gas storage tank 600. By providing the hydrogen compressor 800, the partially vaporized hydrogen can be compressed, so that the pressure of the partially vaporized hydrogen rises to satisfy the high pressure environment of the hydrogen gas storage tank 600, thereby more reliably and stably storing the hydrogen gas in the hydrogen gas storage tank 600.
Further, the hydrogen liquefying and storing system further includes a hydrogen purifying system 900, and the hydrogen purifying system 900 is disposed between the hydrogen source 100 and the pre-cooling system 200. The hydrogen purification system 900 can purify the hydrogen output from the hydrogen source 100 to remove impurities such as excess oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor, sulfur-containing compounds, etc. in the hydrogen, thereby further ensuring the purity of the hydrogen stored in the hydrogen storage system. The specific purification process is the prior art and is not expanded too much here.
In this embodiment, the cooling system 400 includes a cooling heat exchanger 410, the cooling heat exchanger 410 is connected to the first catalytic converter 310, and the cooling heat exchanger 410 can absorb heat of the hydrogen output from the first catalytic converter 310. In this embodiment, the cooling effect of the cooling system 400 on the hydrogen is stronger than that of the pre-cooling system 200, and the cooling heat exchanger 410 is arranged, so that the hydrogen passing through the first catalytic converter 310 is further cooled, and after passing through the cooling heat exchanger 410, the temperature of the hydrogen is obviously reduced. Further, the cooling system 400 further includes a turbo expander 420, the turbo expander 420 is connected to the cooling heat exchanger 410, and the turbo expander 420 can perform expansion cooling on the hydrogen output from the cooling heat exchanger 410. The turbo expander 420 utilizes the principle that the compressed gas is expanded and decompressed and mechanical work is output outwards to reduce the temperature of the gas, so that the hydrogen output from the cooling heat exchanger 410 can be further cooled. Further, the cooling system 400 further includes an expansion valve 430, the expansion valve 430 is connected to the turbo-expander 420, and the expansion valve 430 is capable of expanding and cooling the hydrogen gas output from the turbo-expander 420, so as to liquefy the hydrogen gas into liquid hydrogen. In this embodiment, the expansion valve 430 is preferably configured as a joule-thomson expansion valve, which uses the throttle expansion principle, when hydrogen passes through the joule-thomson expansion valve, the hydrogen itself will expand, then the temperature of the hydrogen will further decrease, and finally the temperature of the hydrogen passing through the expansion valve 430 will decrease to 20K, at which time the hydrogen will be successfully liquefied into liquid hydrogen. In this embodiment, the number of the expansion valves 430 may be adaptively adjusted according to the set cooling effect, and is not limited herein.
In this embodiment, the hydrogen liquefying and storing system further includes a second catalytic converter 320, the second catalytic converter 320 is disposed between the cooling system 400 and the liquid hydrogen storage tank 500, and the second catalytic converter 320 is capable of performing a positive-secondary catalytic conversion reaction on the liquid hydrogen. In this embodiment, the liquefied liquid hydrogen enters the second catalytic converter 320 and then fully reacts with the catalyst therein, so that the para-hydrogen content in the liquid hydrogen can be further ensured to be not less than 95%, and the stability of the liquid hydrogen can be further maintained.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Numerous obvious variations, adaptations and substitutions will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A hydrogen liquefaction and storage system, comprising:
the hydrogen liquefaction system comprises a hydrogen source (100), a precooling system (200), a first catalytic converter (310) and a cooling system (400) which are sequentially communicated along the flowing direction of hydrogen, wherein a refrigerant is arranged in the precooling system (200), the refrigerant can precool the hydrogen, the first catalytic converter (310) can carry out a positive-secondary catalytic conversion reaction on the hydrogen, and the cooling system (400) can cool the hydrogen so as to liquefy the hydrogen into liquid hydrogen;
hydrogen storage system, including liquid hydrogen storage tank (500) and gaseous hydrogen storage tank (600), liquid hydrogen storage tank (500) are connected cooling system (400), liquid hydrogen storage tank (500) can be stored liquid hydrogen, vaporized hydrogen in liquid hydrogen storage tank (500) can be stored extremely through recovery line (700) in gaseous hydrogen storage tank (600), recovery line (700) are worn to establish precooling system (200), vaporized hydrogen is in the process can be right when precooling system (200) wait to liquefy in precooling system (200) hydrogen cools off.
2. The system for liquefying and storing hydrogen of hydrogen gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the connection end of the liquid hydrogen storage tank (500) and the recycling pipeline (700) is provided with an exhaust valve, a pressure sensor is arranged in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (500), the pressure sensor is electrically connected with the exhaust valve, and the pressure sensor can measure the pressure in the liquid hydrogen storage tank (500) and control the exhaust valve to open and close.
3. A hydrogen gas liquefaction and storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that a hydrogen gas compressor (800) is provided on the recovery pipeline (700) between the pre-cooling system (200) and the gas-hydrogen storage tank (600).
4. A hydrogen liquefaction and storage system according to claim 1, further comprising a hydrogen purification system (900), the hydrogen purification system (900) being disposed between the hydrogen source (100) and the pre-cooling system (200).
5. The system for liquefying and storing hydrogen of claim 1, wherein the pre-cooling system (200) comprises a first pre-cooling device (210) and a second pre-cooling device (220), the first pre-cooling device (210) is connected to the second pre-cooling device (220), the recovery pipeline (700) penetrates through the first pre-cooling device (210), and the refrigerant is disposed in the second pre-cooling device (220).
6. The system of claim 5, further comprising a coolant cooling device (230), wherein the coolant cooling device (230) is capable of cooling the coolant.
7. A hydrogen gas liquefaction and storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that said cooling system (400) comprises a cooling heat exchanger (410), said cooling heat exchanger (410) is connected to said first catalytic converter (310), said cooling heat exchanger (410) is capable of absorbing heat from said hydrogen gas output from said first catalytic converter (310).
8. A hydrogen liquefaction and storage system according to claim 7, characterized in that the cooling system (400) further comprises a turboexpander (420), the turboexpander (420) being connected to the cooling heat exchanger (410), the turboexpander (420) being capable of expansion cooling the hydrogen output from the cooling heat exchanger (410).
9. A hydrogen liquefaction and storage system according to claim 8, wherein said cooling system (400) further comprises an expansion valve (430), said expansion valve (430) being connected to said turboexpander (420), said expansion valve (430) being capable of expanding and cooling said hydrogen gas output from said turboexpander (420) so as to liquefy said hydrogen gas to said liquid hydrogen.
10. A hydrogen gas liquefaction and storage system according to any of claims 1-9, further comprising a second catalytic converter (320), said second catalytic converter (320) being arranged between said cooling system (400) and said liquid hydrogen storage tank (500), said second catalytic converter (320) being capable of performing a positive-secondary catalytic conversion reaction on said liquid hydrogen.
CN202111446219.0A 2021-11-30 2021-11-30 Hydrogen liquefaction and hydrogen storage system Pending CN114001273A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114704765A (en) * 2022-03-31 2022-07-05 浙江大学 Hydrogen liquefaction and boil-off gas recondensation system based on cryocooler
CN115854651A (en) * 2022-11-25 2023-03-28 浙江大学 Hydrogen liquefaction method and device for precooling by using refrigerating machine
CN116090264A (en) * 2023-04-10 2023-05-09 中国科学院理化技术研究所 Heat exchange amount calculation method of hydrogen liquefaction system
EP4335815A1 (en) * 2022-08-25 2024-03-13 Purem GmbH Hydrogen storage arrangement

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114704765A (en) * 2022-03-31 2022-07-05 浙江大学 Hydrogen liquefaction and boil-off gas recondensation system based on cryocooler
EP4335815A1 (en) * 2022-08-25 2024-03-13 Purem GmbH Hydrogen storage arrangement
CN115854651A (en) * 2022-11-25 2023-03-28 浙江大学 Hydrogen liquefaction method and device for precooling by using refrigerating machine
CN115854651B (en) * 2022-11-25 2023-09-15 浙江大学 Hydrogen liquefaction method and device for precooling by utilizing refrigerator
CN116090264A (en) * 2023-04-10 2023-05-09 中国科学院理化技术研究所 Heat exchange amount calculation method of hydrogen liquefaction system

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