CN114000135A - Functional phosphating process for surface of cylinder sleeve of high-power diesel engine - Google Patents
Functional phosphating process for surface of cylinder sleeve of high-power diesel engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN114000135A CN114000135A CN202111161311.2A CN202111161311A CN114000135A CN 114000135 A CN114000135 A CN 114000135A CN 202111161311 A CN202111161311 A CN 202111161311A CN 114000135 A CN114000135 A CN 114000135A
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- diesel engine
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000221535 Pucciniales Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 10
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 2
- -1 iron ion Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/78—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
- C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
- C23C22/08—Orthophosphates
- C23C22/22—Orthophosphates containing alkaline earth metal cations
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/82—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/02—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with acid solutions
- C23G1/08—Iron or steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/14—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with alkaline solutions
- C23G1/19—Iron or steel
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a functional phosphating process for the surface of a cylinder sleeve of a high-power diesel engine, which is carried out according to the following processes: the invention utilizes the corrosion resistance of the phosphating film, generates a nonmetallic phosphating film layer between the cylinder sleeve and a piston ring, reduces the attraction among molecules, reduces the friction coefficient, and achieves the purposes of shortening the running-in time and reducing the cylinder pulling accidents. Meanwhile, after the phosphating film is abraded, the thickness of the lubricating oil film is ensured by utilizing regularly distributed small corrosion holes on the working surface of the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve, the anti-friction performance is continuously exerted, and the effect of prolonging the service life of the cylinder sleeve is achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a functional phosphating process for the surface of a cylinder sleeve of a high-power diesel engine, belonging to the field of surface lubrication of the cylinder sleeve of the high-power diesel engine.
Background
After a high-power diesel engine is newly built or overhauled, a plurality of microscopic bumps and dips exist on the surfaces of parts such as a cylinder sleeve, a piston ring and the like, so that a lubricating oil film is difficult to form, the friction is large, and if the parts are not in running-in or are not operated properly in the running-in process, cylinder pulling accidents are easily caused, and the loss is huge.
In the conventional operation at the present stage, the running-in operation is carried out on a new machine or a repaired diesel engine according to the principle that the rotating speed is changed from low to high and the load is changed from small to large under the condition of ensuring good lubrication, and then the new machine or the repaired diesel engine can be put into use formally, but not only the running-in time and the purchase cost of high oil products are increased, but also the cylinder pulling phenomenon is easily generated in the extremely standard operation process.
Disadvantages of conventional operation at this stage: the running-in test period is long, the risk is high, the operation specification requirement is strict, although the purposes of running-in and oil film formation can be achieved, the running-in time is prolonged, the efficiency is reduced, high-quality lubricating oil is required, and the manufacturing cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a functional phosphating process for the surface of a cylinder sleeve of a high-power diesel engine, which realizes the purpose that a phosphating film is used as a lubricating oil film, and has the advantages of simple operation and lower cost.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a functional phosphating process for the surface of a cylinder sleeve of a high-power diesel engine comprises the following steps:
s1, hanging: sleeving and hanging a high-power diesel engine cylinder on a hanger;
s2, alkaline chemical degreasing: cleaning the cylinder sleeve in degreasing liquid, and driving the cylinder sleeve to be repeatedly cleaned up and down in the degreasing liquid by a hanger when the cylinder sleeve enters and exits the degreasing tank; wherein the pH value of the deoiling liquid is 12-14;
s3, flowing cold water washing: repeatedly cleaning the deoiled cylinder sleeve for a plurality of times by adopting flowing cold water and a plurality of times of immersion until the cylinder sleeve is cleaned;
s4, acid washing: the cylinder sleeve is immersed into pickling solution to remove an oxidation film on the surface of the cylinder sleeve, and a plurality of activation points are formed on the working surface of the cylinder sleeve, so that a foundation is laid for generating small needle-shaped holes on the working surface;
s5, flowing cold water washing: washing residual pickling solution on the surface of the cylinder sleeve by adopting flowing cold water and a mode of immersing for multiple times until the cylinder sleeve is washed;
s6, activation: activating in an oxalic acid solution with the concentration of 2-4 g/L at the activation temperature of 30-40 ℃, removing a thin oxidation film generated in the cylinder sleeve in the process of phosphating, and eliminating the phenomena of uneven surface film layer and coarse grain of the phosphating film after phosphating; the activated cylinder sleeve is not washed by water, and directly enters the next working procedure after the excessive activating solution is completely removed;
s7, phosphorization: putting the cylinder sleeve into phosphating solution for phosphating, and reciprocating the cylinder sleeve up and down for multiple times when the cylinder sleeve enters and exits the phosphating tank;
s8, recovery: collecting phosphating solution taken away when the cylinder sleeve is taken out of the tank in a non-flowing cold water tank, returning the phosphating solution to the phosphating tank, and simultaneously supplementing water lost by evaporation of the phosphating solution and the solution taken away when the cylinder sleeve is taken out of the tank into the phosphating tank;
s9, flowing cold water washing: adopting a multi-immersion method to clean the residual phosphating solution on the surface of the cylinder sleeve until the cylinder sleeve is cleaned;
s10, hot water washing: keeping the temperature of water to be more than 80 ℃ and neutral, soaking for 1-2 min, wherein the working procedure is no-flow hot water washing, and the cleanliness of water is kept; the cylinder sleeve has better antirust effect;
s11, drying: drying the hot-water washed cylinder sleeve by using compressed air subjected to oil-water separation;
s12, acceptance: and (4) carrying out self-inspection on the cylinder sleeve after phosphorization, unloading and hanging the cylinder sleeve qualified by self-inspection, and placing the cylinder sleeve on the pedal plate according to the production sequence.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the deoiling liquid in the step S2 comprises the following components:
the technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the composition and process specification of the pickling solution in the step S4 are as follows:
the technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the matters to be taken into consideration during pickling: the pressure cylinder sleeve adopts an upper limit value, and the non-pressure cylinder sleeve adopts a lower limit value; when the iron ion content in the pickling solution is more than 60g/L, the solution needs to be prepared again.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the composition and process specification of the phosphating solution are as follows:
the technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: after the phosphating solution is prepared, the free acidity and the total acidity of the phosphating solution need to be analyzed and adjusted.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the phosphating film generated on the surface of the cylinder sleeve is black or gray black, has uniform, compact and complete crystallization, and is not allowed to have blank places, rusts and serious precipitates;
due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the technical progress that:
1. through research and attack, the invention obtains a functional phosphating method which has low cost, simple operation, rapidness and effectiveness, and the metal substrate cylinder sleeve is put into phosphate solution containing manganese, iron and zinc for chemical treatment, so that a layer of phosphate protective film which is difficult to dissolve in water is generated on the metal surface, and the phosphate protective film is firmly combined with the substrate by utilizing the microporous structure of the phosphating film layer, has the characteristics of good adsorptivity, lubricity, corrosion resistance, non-adhesion melting metal property, higher electrical insulation property and the like, can be used as a lubricating oil film at the starting moment, so that the friction coefficient between the cylinder sleeve and a piston ring is obviously reduced, and the occurrence probability of cylinder pulling accidents is reduced.
2. The present invention utilizes the corrosion resistance of the phosphate coating, and forms one non-metal phosphate coating between the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring to reduce the attraction between molecules, reduce friction coefficient and reach the aims of shortening running-in time and reducing cylinder drawing accident. Meanwhile, after the phosphating film is abraded, the thickness of the lubricating oil film is ensured by utilizing regularly distributed small corrosion holes on the working surface of the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve, the anti-friction performance is continuously exerted, and the effect of prolonging the service life of the cylinder sleeve is achieved.
3. The method is simple and easy to operate, reduces the working procedure processing cost, reduces the use of conventional sulfuric acid, thiourea, manganese nitrate and sodium nitrite in the preparation process of the related solution, and avoids personal injury.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples:
as shown in figure 1, the functional phosphating process for the surface of the cylinder sleeve of the high-power diesel engine comprises the following steps (relevant parameters can be adjusted according to the material condition of a steel matrix):
s1, mounting and hanging
The high-power diesel engine cylinder is sleeved and hung on the hanging tool.
S2 alkaline chemical degreasing
The oil removing liquid comprises the following components in part by weight:
when the cylinder sleeve enters and exits the oil removing groove, the hanging tool drives the cylinder sleeve to reciprocate up and down in the oil removing liquid for multiple times, generally 4-5 times.
S3 flowing cold water washing
The deoiled cylinder sleeve is repeatedly cleaned for a plurality of times by a method of immersing for a plurality of times until the cylinder sleeve is cleaned. The oil removing effect of the cylinder sleeve depends on the uniform degree of wetting the surface of the cylinder sleeve. The flow rate of water is controlled according to actual conditions, the water is kept clean, and oil stains and dirt on the wall of the water tank are cleaned regularly.
S4 acid washing
4.1 the pickling solution should have the following conditions:
a) the acid washing can remove the oxide film on the surface of the cylinder sleeve and ensure the contour size of the cylinder diameter;
b) the working surface of the cylinder sleeve after acid cleaning has no corrosion residue deposition;
c) in the acid washing process, a plurality of activation points are formed on the working surface of the cylinder sleeve, and a foundation is laid for generating small needle-shaped holes on the working surface.
4.2 solution composition and Process specifications
4.3 Pickling solution notes
a) Under general conditions, the pressure cylinder sleeve adopts an upper limit value, and the non-pressure cylinder sleeve adopts a lower limit value;
b) the prepared pickling solution is analyzed and adjusted, and the pickling solution is analyzed and adjusted once every quarter during normal production;
c) dirt on the tank wall and the liquid surface of the pickling tank needs to be cleaned in time;
d) when the iron ion content in the acid washing solution is more than 60g/L, the solution needs to be prepared again.
S5 flowing cold water washing
And (4) cleaning the residual pickling solution on the surface of the cylinder sleeve by adopting a multi-immersion method until the cylinder sleeve is cleaned. (Note: control of the flow of water, keeping the water clean.)
S6, activation
Oxalic acid (H) with the concentration of 2-4 g/L2C2O4) Activating in the solution at the activation temperature of 30-40 ℃, removing a thin oxidation film generated in the cylinder sleeve to-be-phosphated process, and eliminating the phenomenon of uneven surface film layer and coarse grains of the phosphating film after phosphating. The activated cylinder sleeve is not washed by water, and directly enters a phosphorization process after the excessive activating solution is completely removed.
S7 phosphating
7.1 solution composition and Process specifications
7.2 phosphating solution notes
a) Controlling the temperature of the phosphating solution at any time, and reciprocating the cylinder sleeve up and down for 4-5 times when the cylinder sleeve enters the phosphating tank so as to ensure that the cylinder sleeve is heated uniformly and uniformly after entering the phosphating solution;
b) after the phosphating tank solution is prepared, analyzing and adjusting the free acidity and the total acidity of the phosphating solution;
c) when the function of the phosphating solution is reduced or harmful impurities are serious, the phosphating solution needs to be prepared again.
S8, recovery
In order to control the excessive discharge of heavy metal, cause environmental pollution and recycle the effective components in the solution, the phosphating solution taken away when the cylinder sleeve is taken out of the tank is collected in a non-flowing cold water tank and returned to the phosphating tank, and meanwhile, the water lost due to evaporation of the phosphating solution and the solution taken away when the cylinder sleeve is taken out of the tank are supplemented to the phosphating tank; the collection cold water tank is used for irregular cleaning as required.
S9 flowing cold water washing
And (4) cleaning the residual phosphating solution on the surface of the cylinder sleeve by adopting a multi-immersion method until the cylinder sleeve is cleaned. (Note: control of the flow of water, keeping the water clean.)
S10, washing with hot water
The purpose of hot water washing is to make the cylinder sleeve have better antirust effect. Keeping the temperature of water to be more than 80 ℃ and neutral, soaking for 1-2 min, wherein the working procedure is no-flow hot water washing, and the water is required to be kept clean and replaced at any time according to actual conditions.
S11, drying
The cylinder sleeve which is scalded by hot water is dried by compressed air which is subjected to oil-water separation as soon as possible.
S12, acceptance inspection
And (4) checking:
the self-checking of the phosphated cylinder sleeve is an important ring for improving the product quality. Therefore, the phosphated cylinder liners must be carefully inspected and the appearance of the unsatisfactory cylinder liners must not be passed on to the next process. (Note: self-test should wear clean gloves, not allow bare hands to touch the cylinder liner.)
Unloading and hanging:
and (4) hanging the cylinder sleeves qualified by self-inspection, and placing the cylinder sleeves on a special pedal according to a production sequence.
The phosphating film obtained by the invention is black or gray black, has uniform, compact and complete crystallization, and is not allowed to have blank places, rusts and serious precipitates.
Through research and attack, the invention obtains a functional phosphating method which has low cost, simple operation, rapidness and effectiveness, and the metal substrate cylinder sleeve is put into phosphate solution containing manganese, iron and zinc for chemical treatment, so that a layer of phosphate protective film which is difficult to dissolve in water is generated on the metal surface, and the phosphate protective film is firmly combined with the substrate by utilizing the microporous structure of the phosphating film layer, has the characteristics of good adsorptivity, lubricity, corrosion resistance, non-adhesion melting metal property, higher electrical insulation property and the like, can be used as a lubricating oil film at the starting moment, so that the friction coefficient between the cylinder sleeve and a piston ring is obviously reduced, and the occurrence probability of cylinder pulling accidents is reduced.
The present invention utilizes the corrosion resistance of the phosphate coating, and forms one non-metal phosphate coating between the cylinder sleeve and the piston ring to reduce the attraction between molecules, reduce friction coefficient and reach the aims of shortening running-in time and reducing cylinder drawing accident. Meanwhile, after the phosphating film is abraded, the thickness of the lubricating oil film is ensured by utilizing regularly distributed small corrosion holes on the working surface of the inner wall of the cylinder sleeve, the anti-friction performance is continuously exerted, and the effect of prolonging the service life of the cylinder sleeve is achieved.
The method is simple and easy to operate, reduces the working procedure processing cost, reduces the use of conventional sulfuric acid, thiourea, manganese nitrate and sodium nitrite in the preparation process of the related solution, and avoids personal injury.
Claims (7)
1. A functional phosphating process for the surface of a cylinder sleeve of a high-power diesel engine is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, hanging: sleeving and hanging a high-power diesel engine cylinder on a hanger;
s2, alkaline chemical degreasing: cleaning the cylinder sleeve in degreasing liquid, and driving the cylinder sleeve to be repeatedly cleaned up and down in the degreasing liquid by a hanger when the cylinder sleeve enters and exits the degreasing tank; wherein the pH value of the deoiling liquid is 12-14;
s3, flowing cold water washing: repeatedly cleaning the deoiled cylinder sleeve for a plurality of times by adopting flowing cold water and a plurality of times of immersion until the cylinder sleeve is cleaned;
s4, acid washing: the cylinder sleeve is immersed into pickling solution to remove an oxidation film on the surface of the cylinder sleeve, and a plurality of activation points are formed on the working surface of the cylinder sleeve, so that a foundation is laid for generating small needle-shaped holes on the working surface;
s5, flowing cold water washing: washing residual pickling solution on the surface of the cylinder sleeve by adopting flowing cold water and a mode of immersing for multiple times until the cylinder sleeve is washed;
s6, activation: activating in an oxalic acid solution with the concentration of 2-4 g/L at the activation temperature of 30-40 ℃, removing a thin oxidation film generated in the cylinder sleeve in the process of phosphating, and eliminating the phenomena of uneven surface film layer and coarse grain of the phosphating film after phosphating; the activated cylinder sleeve is not washed by water, and directly enters the next working procedure after the excessive activating solution is completely removed;
s7, phosphorization: putting the cylinder sleeve into phosphating solution for phosphating, and reciprocating the cylinder sleeve up and down for multiple times when the cylinder sleeve enters and exits the phosphating tank;
s8, recovery: collecting phosphating solution taken away when the cylinder sleeve is taken out of the tank in a non-flowing cold water tank, returning the phosphating solution to the phosphating tank, and simultaneously supplementing water lost by evaporation of the phosphating solution and the solution taken away when the cylinder sleeve is taken out of the tank into the phosphating tank;
s9, flowing cold water washing: adopting a multi-immersion method to clean the residual phosphating solution on the surface of the cylinder sleeve until the cylinder sleeve is cleaned;
s10, hot water washing: keeping the temperature of water to be more than 80 ℃ and neutral, soaking for 1-2 min, wherein the working procedure is no-flow hot water washing, and the cleanliness of water is kept; the cylinder sleeve has better antirust effect;
s11, drying: drying the hot-water washed cylinder sleeve by using compressed air subjected to oil-water separation;
s12, acceptance: and (4) carrying out self-inspection on the cylinder sleeve after phosphorization, unloading and hanging the cylinder sleeve qualified by self-inspection, and placing the cylinder sleeve on the pedal plate according to the production sequence.
2. The functional phosphating process for the surface of the cylinder sleeve of the high-power diesel engine as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the deoiling liquid in the step S2 comprises the following components:
3. the functional phosphating process for the surface of the cylinder sleeve of the high-power diesel engine as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the composition and process specification of the pickling solution in the step S4 are as follows:
4. the functional phosphating process for the surface of the cylinder sleeve of the high-power diesel engine as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: the matters to be taken into consideration during pickling: the pressure cylinder sleeve adopts an upper limit value, and the non-pressure cylinder sleeve adopts a lower limit value; when the iron ion content in the pickling solution is more than 60g/L, the solution needs to be prepared again.
5. The functional phosphating process for the surface of the cylinder sleeve of the high-power diesel engine as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the composition and process specification of the phosphating solution are as follows:
6. the functional phosphating process for the surface of the cylinder sleeve of the high-power diesel engine as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: after the phosphating solution is prepared, the free acidity and the total acidity of the phosphating solution need to be analyzed and adjusted.
7. The functional phosphating process for the surface of the cylinder sleeve of the high-power diesel engine as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the phosphating film generated on the surface of the cylinder sleeve is black or gray black, has uniform, compact and complete crystallization, and is not allowed to have blank places, rusts and serious precipitates;
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