CN114000087A - Preparation method of composite hard material - Google Patents
Preparation method of composite hard material Download PDFInfo
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- CN114000087A CN114000087A CN202111296210.6A CN202111296210A CN114000087A CN 114000087 A CN114000087 A CN 114000087A CN 202111296210 A CN202111296210 A CN 202111296210A CN 114000087 A CN114000087 A CN 114000087A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/129—Flame spraying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/067—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds comprising a particular metallic binder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C29/00—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides
- C22C29/02—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides
- C22C29/06—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds
- C22C29/08—Alloys based on carbides, oxides, nitrides, borides, or silicides, e.g. cermets, or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides based on carbides or carbonitrides based on carbides, but not containing other metal compounds based on tungsten carbide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
- C23C4/06—Metallic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
- C23C4/14—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying for coating elongate material
- C23C4/16—Wires; Tubes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/18—After-treatment
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a composite hard material, and belongs to the technical field of composite materials. The method comprises the following steps: flame spraying a nickel-based alloy coating on the surface of a metal matrix; the hard alloy block and the metal matrix are fixed by fusion welding; and cladding the cermet material in the gaps among the hard alloy blocks by adopting a plasma transferred arc cladding technology to obtain the composite hard material. According to the invention, the plasma transferred arc cladding technology is adopted to clad the metal ceramic material in the gaps between the hard alloy blocks, and the hard alloy blocks and the metal base material form metallurgical bonding, so that the compounding of the metal base material, the hard alloy, the nickel-based alloy and the tungsten carbide ceramic particles is realized. The obtained composite hard material has lower porosity, fewer cracks, higher bonding strength between the plasma transfer arc cladding layer and the hard alloy block as well as the metal base material, and excellent wear resistance and impact resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a composite hard material.
Background
Cemented carbide is commonly used for the manufacture of cutting tools and is known as industrial "teeth" due to its high hardness and wear resistance. It is used in industry not only for cutting tools, but also for mining alloys and wear parts. However, the application of cemented carbide to some tool parts in some fields is greatly limited due to its brittleness, difficulty in machining and high cost, especially under severe working conditions of abrasion, impact and heat and cold cycles. For example, a radial bearing is used on a screw motor in the field of oil and gas drilling and production, a rolling guide of a high-speed wire laying head is used, and the like. With the continuous development of the technology, the composite hard material with high hardness and high impact resistance can well solve the problems.
At present, the common methods for preparing composite hard materials are as follows: vacuum brazing, laser cladding, supersonic spraying, flame spray welding and the like.
However, the matrix (metal material part) of the composite hard material prepared by vacuum brazing is in an annealed state due to high temperature in a vacuum furnace, so that the mechanical property of the matrix is rapidly reduced, and the product is easy to deform, break and the like in the using process; the surface of the composite hard material prepared by laser cladding has a lot of cracks, the thickness of single cladding is limited (generally less than 1mm), and if the thickness of the composite hard material is increased enough by multiple cladding, the cracks are many and the cost is high; the composite hard material prepared by supersonic spraying has low bonding strength between a substrate and a spraying layer (mechanical occlusion mode), so that severe impact and point-surface stress cannot be caused, and the thickness of the composite hard material is limited (generally less than 0.5 mm); the composite hard material matrix (metal material part) prepared by flame spray welding is in micro-metallurgical bonding with the wear-resistant layer, and is easy to peel off when being impacted by high load, and the dependence of the process on operators is high, and the quality stability is difficult to ensure.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a method of making a composite hard material that addresses at least one of the problems and deficiencies set forth in the background above.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of making a composite hard material, comprising the steps of:
(1) coating nickel-based alloy powder on the surface of a metal matrix by adopting a flame spraying method to form a nickel-based alloy coating;
(2) placing a hard alloy block on the surface of the nickel-based alloy coating, and then instantly applying large current between the hard alloy block and the nickel-based alloy coating to enable the hard alloy block and the nickel-based alloy coating to instantly generate heat and melt the nickel-based alloy coating;
(3) stopping current, and rapidly solidifying the melted nickel-based alloy coating to serve as a solder to fix the hard alloy block and the metal matrix together;
(4) repeating the steps (2) and (3), and fixing a plurality of hard alloy blocks on the surface of the metal substrate;
(5) and cladding the cermet material in the gaps among the hard alloy blocks by adopting a plasma transferred arc cladding technology to obtain the composite hard material.
Further, the thickness of the nickel base alloy coating is 0.05-0.15 mm.
Further, the current applied between the cemented carbide piece and the nickel-based alloy coating in the process of fixing the cemented carbide piece and the metal substrate is 7000-9000A.
Further, the upper surface of the hard alloy block is in one of a rectangle shape, a circle shape, an ellipse shape and a diamond shape.
Further, the metal alloy material comprises nickel-based alloy powder and tungsten carbide particles, and the mass ratio of the nickel-based alloy powder to the tungsten carbide particles is (30-60): (40-70).
Further, the nickel-based alloy powder has a composition including 1.5-2.5 wt% of B, 3-4 wt% of Si, 88.5.5-95.5 wt% of Ni, and Fe in an amount of less than 5 wt%, is spherical in shape, and has a particle size of 60-200 mesh.
Further, the composition of the hard alloy block comprises 88-90 wt% of WC and 10-12 wt% of Co, and the grain size is 3-4 microns.
Further, after the metal alloy material is cladded in gaps among the hard alloy blocks through plasma transfer arc, the surface of the composite hard material is ground by a diamond grinding wheel or a metal matrix is processed by a turning and milling mode, so that the composite hard material is processed into industrial equipment parts with composite design of structure and size.
The invention provides a composite hard material prepared by the method in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
the metal substrate is made of one of carbon steel, stainless steel and nickel-based high-temperature alloy;
a nickel-based alloy coating formed on the surface of the metal matrix through flame spraying;
welding a plurality of uniformly dispersed and distributed hard alloy blocks on the surface of the metal matrix by using solder;
cermet material cladded between the cemented carbide pieces by plasma transferred arc, the cermet material comprising nickel-based alloy powder and tungsten carbide particles.
Furthermore, the prepared metal matrix of the composite hard material is tubular or planar, and a plurality of hard alloy blocks are uniformly arranged on the surface of the metal matrix.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, a plasma transferred arc cladding technology is adopted to clad metal alloy materials in gaps among the hard alloy blocks, and the hard alloy blocks and the metal base material form metallurgical bonding, so that the compounding of the metal base material, the hard alloy, the nickel-based alloy and tungsten carbide particles is realized, and the obtained composite hard material has lower porosity, fewer cracks and better wear resistance;
the bonding strength between the hard alloy block, the plasma transfer arc cladding layer and the metal base material is higher;
the automatic rapid discharge technology and the plasma transferred arc cladding process have the advantages that the production process is simpler and faster, the mold is not needed, a large amount of time for carving and arranging the mold is saved, the efficiency is higher, the highly automatic process is executed, and the quality is more stable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a composite hard material part prepared by the method provided in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a composite hard material part prepared by the method provided in example 2 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a gold phase diagram of a composite hard material obtained by the method provided in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention are further specifically described below by examples. A method for preparing a composite hard material.
Furthermore, in the following detailed description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the disclosure. It may be evident, however, that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details.
According to one general technical concept of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, there is provided a method of manufacturing a composite hard material, including the steps of:
according to the design requirement, the metal base material can be made of steel, the grade, the performance, the shape and the size of the base steel and the distribution of the hard alloy blocks on the surface of the steel are selected, and the shape of the steel can be a plane or a curved surface;
coating a nickel-based alloy coating on the surface of the steel in a flame spraying mode;
the method is characterized in that customized automatic 'fast discharge' equipment is adopted, a hard alloy block is placed on the surface of the nickel-based alloy coating, then the hard alloy block and the nickel-based alloy coating are heated instantly by applying large current instantly, and the temperature is higher than the melting point of the nickel-based alloy coating and lower than the liquid phase point of the hard alloy. At this time, the melted nickel-based alloy coating wets the lower surface of the cemented carbide piece. After the current stops, the melted nickel-based alloy coating is rapidly solidified to serve as a solder, the hard alloy block and the steel are firmly welded and fixed together, and a certain gap is formed between the transverse direction and the longitudinal direction of the hard alloy block.
And (3) placing the steel piece with the hard alloy blocks fixed on the surface on a plasma transfer arc cladding device, wherein the plasma transfer arc cladding device is provided with an automatic powder feeder and is internally filled with mixed powder of nickel-based alloy powder and cast tungsten carbide particles. And compiling a traveling track of plasma transferred arc cladding according to the structure and the size of the workpiece. Starting a program, generating a plasma arc column by the plasma transfer arc cladding device, and carrying out plasma arc column on the mixed powder in the automatic powder feeder, wherein the temperature of the plasma arc is higher than the melting point of the nickel-based alloy powder and lower than the melting point of tungsten carbide particles. At this time, the nickel-based alloy powder is melted to form a molten pool, tungsten carbide particles are mixed in the molten pool and filled in gaps between the hard alloy blocks, and after the plasma arc leaves the molten pool, the molten pool is solidified and the steel material and the hard alloy blocks are metallurgically bonded, so that the steel material, the hard alloy, the nickel-based alloy powder and the tungsten carbide particles are composited to form the composite hard material.
And after the composite hard material is prepared and cooled, the composite hard material is processed into industrial equipment parts with composite structures and sizes in a grinding and turning and milling mode.
In the invention, the section shape of the hard alloy block can be a polygon such as a rectangle, a circle, an ellipse, a rhombus and the like; the thickness of the hard alloy block is 3-4 mm; taking the hard alloy block with a rectangular cross section as an example, the length of the hard alloy block is 10-15mm, and the width of the hard alloy block is 3-8 mm.
In the invention, in the process of flame spraying the nickel-based alloy coating on the surface of the base steel, the combustion medium is acetylene or propane or atomized kerosene, the pressure of the jet combustion airflow is 0.5-0.8MPa, and the thickness of the formed nickel-based alloy coating is 0.05-0.15 mm.
In the present invention, the current applied between the cemented carbide piece and the nickel-based alloy coating layer during the fixation of the cemented carbide piece and the metal substrate was 7000-9000A.
In this embodiment, the metal alloy material includes nickel-based alloy powder and tungsten carbide particles, which are used as a plasma transferred arc cladding material to firmly weld and fix the hard alloy block and the steel together; in other embodiments, the metallic alloy material includes nickel-based alloy powder and cemented carbide particles; in the embodiment of the present invention, the chemical composition of the nickel-based alloy powder includes 1.5-2.5 wt% of B, (3-4 wt%) of Si, 88.5.5-95.5 wt% of Ni, and Fe with a content of less than 5 wt%; the particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 60-200 meshes, and in other embodiments, the particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 70-100 meshes; in another embodiment, the particle size of the nickel-based alloy powder is 60 mesh to 150 mesh.
In this embodiment, the tungsten carbide particles are cast tungsten carbide particles, the tungsten carbide particles are spherical or broken angular, the hardness of the tungsten carbide particles is 2200-: a eutectic of WC and W2C, wherein the C content is 3.8-4.2 wt%, the W content is 95-96 wt%, the Fe content is 0-0.3 wt%, the content of other impurities is less than 0.3 wt%, and the particle size is 60-150 meshes.
In the embodiment, the mass ratio of the nickel-based alloy powder to the tungsten carbide particles is (30-60) to (40-70); in other embodiments, the mass ratio of the nickel-based alloy powder to the tungsten carbide particles is (35-46): (54-65).
In the embodiment, the voltage in the plasma transferred arc cladding process is 75-90A, the ionic gas flow is 1.2L/min-1.8L/min, and the powder feeding rate is 30-45 g/min.
Example 1
Powdery nickel-based powder is used as a raw material to coat a nickel-based alloy coating on the outer circle surface of a tubular 40Cr substrate with the size of phi 120mm, outer diameter phi 260mm, inner diameter phi 70mm long in a flame spraying mode, and the thickness of the nickel-based alloy coating is controlled to be 0.08 mm.
And placing the 40Cr substrate coated with the nickel-based alloy coating on a clamp of automatic rapid discharge equipment. The automatic rapid discharge equipment is provided with an automatic conveying and clamping device for the hard alloy blocks, and the hard alloy blocks are WD11C provided by Weidun New Material technology Limited and have the size of 12mm in length and 5mm in width and 3mm in thickness. According to the requirements of customers, the outer diameter of the substrate is combined with the length dimension, the transverse and longitudinal distances between the hard alloy blocks are determined to be 3.3mm and 2.5mm respectively, and the distances are set in a PLC program on automatic rapid discharge equipment.
Starting the automatic quick discharge device, enabling 7500A current to act between the hard alloy block and the nickel-based alloy coating instantly, and stopping current output immediately after keeping for 0.3 second. And applying and stopping the current instantly, melting the nickel-based alloy coating by the generated heat, cooling and solidifying, spreading and wetting the melted nickel-based alloy coating on the lower surface of the hard alloy block, and brazing and fixing the hard alloy block on the outer surface of the 40Cr substrate by the solidified nickel-based alloy after the current stops. And (4) an automatic program is used for repeatedly circulating the action, so that a plurality of hard alloy blocks are uniformly distributed and fixed on the surface of the substrate.
And mechanically mixing 40 wt% of atomized spherical nickel-based alloy powder particles with 60 wt% of spherical cast WC particles to obtain the composite powder for plasma transferred arc cladding. To avoid uneven mixing due to density differences between the nickel-base alloy powder particles and the spherical cast WC particles, the weight of a single container mix does not exceed 1 kg.
2 kg of the composite powder is loaded into a powder feeder of an automatic plasma transfer arc cladding device, and a 40Cr matrix with a hard alloy block fixed on the surface is placed on a chuck of the automatic plasma transfer arc cladding device for fixation. According to the outer diameter and length of the 40Cr substrate and the technical process requirements, the rotating speed of the chuck is determined to be 4 min/rotation, the swing arc width of a plasma transfer arc is 20mm, the distance between a gun nozzle of the plasma transfer arc and the surface of the 40Cr substrate is 10mm, the current of a plasma transfer arc generator is 78A, the ionic gas flow is 1.5L/min, the protective gas flow is 12L/min, and the powder feeding speed is 45g/min, and the method is set in a PLC program on automatic plasma transfer arc cladding equipment.
And starting the plasma transfer arc cladding equipment to generate a plasma transfer arc column, conveying the composite powder into the plasma transfer arc column by the powder feeder, wherein the temperature of the plasma transfer arc column is higher than the melting point of the nickel-based alloy in the composite powder and lower than the melting point of the spherical WC. The nickel-based alloy is melted at the high temperature of the plasma transfer arc column to form a molten pool, and transverse gaps between the hard alloy blocks are filled, and spherical WC particles enter the molten pool along with the melting of the nickel-based alloy. Under the rotation of a chuck of the plasma transferred arc cladding device, the molten pool can slowly leave the plasma transferred arc and solidify. In this case, the 40Cr matrix, the cemented carbide block, the nickel-based alloy and the spherical WC particles are compounded into a single body to form a composite hard material having both high wear resistance and impact toughness.
And grinding the plasma transferred arc cladding layer by using a resin bond or ceramic bond diamond cylindrical grinding wheel produced by Zhengzhou grinding tool abrasive grinding research institute, and processing the 40Cr substrate position by using turn-milling processing equipment so as to obtain the part prepared from the composite hard material.
The metallographic structure of the composite material prepared in example 1 of the invention is shown in fig. 1. The hard composite material is made of steel, hard alloy block, Ni-base alloy and spherical WC grains. In this example, the components made of the composite hard material are shown in fig. 1.
Example 2
The inner wall surface of a tubular 40Cr substrate with the size of phi 150mm, outer diameter phi 70mm, inner diameter phi 165mm is coated with a nickel-based alloy coating with the thickness controlled at 0.1mm by taking powdery nickel-based powder as a raw material and adopting a flame spraying mode.
And placing the 40Cr substrate coated with the nickel-based alloy coating on a clamp of automatic rapid discharge equipment. The automatic rapid discharge equipment is provided with an automatic conveying and clamping device for the hard alloy blocks, and the hard alloy blocks are WD11C provided by Weidun New Material technology Limited and have the size of 12mm in length and 5mm in width and 3mm in thickness. According to the requirements of customers, the outer diameter of the substrate is combined with the length dimension, the transverse and longitudinal distances between the hard alloy blocks are determined to be 3.5mm and 3mm respectively, and the distances are set in a PLC program on automatic rapid discharge equipment.
Starting the automatic quick discharge device, enabling 8000A of current to act between the hard alloy block and the nickel-based alloy coating instantly, and stopping current output immediately after keeping for 0.5 second. And applying and stopping the current instantly, melting the nickel-based alloy coating by the generated heat, cooling and solidifying, spreading and wetting the melted nickel-based alloy coating on the lower surface of the hard alloy block, and brazing and fixing the hard alloy block on the outer surface of the 40Cr substrate by the solidified nickel-based alloy after the current stops. And (4) an automatic program is used for repeatedly circulating the action, so that a plurality of hard alloy blocks are uniformly distributed and fixed on the surface of the substrate.
And mechanically mixing 45 wt% of atomized spherical nickel-based alloy powder particles with 55 wt% of spherical cast WC particles to obtain the composite powder for plasma transferred arc cladding. To avoid uneven mixing due to density differences between the nickel-base alloy powder particles and the spherical cast WC particles, the weight of a single container mix does not exceed 1 kg.
3 kg of the composite powder is loaded into a powder feeder of an automatic plasma transfer arc cladding device, and a 40Cr matrix with a hard alloy block fixed on the surface is placed on a chuck of the automatic plasma transfer arc cladding device for fixation. According to the outer diameter and length of a 40Cr substrate and the technical process requirements, the rotating speed of a chuck is determined to be 4 min/rotation, the swing arc width of a plasma transfer arc is 18mm, the distance between a gun nozzle of the plasma transfer arc and the surface of the 40Cr substrate is 10mm, the current of a plasma transfer arc generator is 75A, the ionic gas flow is 1.5L/min, the protective gas flow is 12L/min, and the powder feeding speed is 40g/min, and the method is set in a PLC program on automatic plasma transfer arc cladding equipment.
And starting the plasma transfer arc cladding equipment to generate a plasma transfer arc column, conveying the composite powder into the plasma transfer arc column by the powder feeder, wherein the temperature of the plasma transfer arc column is higher than the melting point of the nickel-based alloy in the composite powder and lower than the melting point of the spherical WC. The nickel-based alloy is melted at the high temperature of the plasma transfer arc column to form a molten pool, and transverse gaps between the hard alloy blocks are filled, and spherical WC particles enter the molten pool along with the melting of the nickel-based alloy. Under the rotation of a chuck of the plasma transferred arc cladding device, the molten pool can slowly leave the plasma transferred arc and solidify. In this case, the 40Cr matrix, the cemented carbide block, the nickel-based alloy and the spherical WC particles are compounded into a single body to form a composite hard material having both high wear resistance and impact toughness.
And grinding the plasma transferred arc cladding layer by using a resin bond or ceramic bond diamond inner hole grinding wheel produced by Zhengzhou grinding tool abrasive grinding research institute, and processing the 40Cr substrate position by using turn-milling processing equipment, thereby obtaining the part prepared from the composite hard material.
The components and parts made of the composite hard material according to example 2 of the present invention are shown in FIG. 2.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a composite hard material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) coating nickel-based alloy powder on the surface of a metal matrix by adopting a flame spraying method to form a nickel-based alloy coating;
(2) placing a hard alloy block on the surface of the nickel-based alloy coating, and then instantly applying large current between the hard alloy block and the nickel-based alloy coating to enable the hard alloy block and the nickel-based alloy coating to instantly generate heat and melt the nickel-based alloy coating;
(3) stopping current, and rapidly solidifying the melted nickel-based alloy coating to serve as a solder to fix the hard alloy block and the metal matrix together;
(4) repeating the steps (2) and (3), and fixing a plurality of hard alloy blocks on the surface of the metal matrix;
(5) and cladding the cermet material in the gaps among the hard alloy blocks by adopting a plasma transferred arc cladding technology to obtain the composite hard material.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the ni-based alloy coating thickness is 0.05 mm to 0.15 mm.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the current applied between the cemented carbide piece and the nickel-based alloy coating during the process of fixing the cemented carbide piece and the metal substrate is 7000-9000A.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the upper surface of the cemented carbide piece is one of rectangular, circular, oval, and diamond shaped.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the cermet material comprises nickel-based alloy powder and tungsten carbide particles in a mass ratio of (30-60) to (40-70).
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the composition of the nickel-based alloy powder includes 1.5-2.5 wt% of B, 3-4 wt% of Si, 88.5.5-95.5 wt% of Ni, and less than 5 wt% of Fe, and the nickel-based alloy powder is spherical in shape and has a particle size of 60-200 mesh.
7. A method of producing a composite hard material according to claim 6, characterised in that the composition of the cemented carbide pieces comprises 88-90 wt% WC and 10-12 wt% Co, grain size 3-4 μm.
8. The method of making a composite hard material of claim 7, further comprising: after the metal alloy material is cladded in the gaps among the hard alloy blocks through plasma transfer arc, the surface of the composite hard material is ground by a diamond grinding wheel or a metal matrix is processed by a turning and milling mode, and the composite hard material is processed into industrial equipment parts with composite design of structure and size.
9. A method of making a composite hard material according to any of claims 1-8, wherein the composite hard material is made comprising:
the metal substrate is made of one of carbon steel, stainless steel and nickel-based high-temperature alloy;
a nickel-based alloy coating formed on the surface of the metal matrix through flame spraying;
welding a plurality of uniformly dispersed and distributed hard alloy blocks on the surface of the metal matrix by using solder;
cermet material cladded between the cemented carbide pieces by plasma transferred arc, the cermet material comprising nickel-based alloy powder and tungsten carbide particles.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the metal matrix of the hard composite material is tubular or planar, and the plurality of hard alloy pieces are uniformly arranged on the surface of the metal matrix.
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