CN113999982B - Smelting process of GH4169 alloy cast ingot - Google Patents
Smelting process of GH4169 alloy cast ingot Download PDFInfo
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- CN113999982B CN113999982B CN202111292106.XA CN202111292106A CN113999982B CN 113999982 B CN113999982 B CN 113999982B CN 202111292106 A CN202111292106 A CN 202111292106A CN 113999982 B CN113999982 B CN 113999982B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/04—Refining by applying a vacuum
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
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- B22D7/005—Casting ingots, e.g. from ferrous metals from non-ferrous metals
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/16—Remelting metals
- C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
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- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
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- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/056—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of high-temperature alloy smelting, in particular to a smelting process of a GH4169 alloy ingot, which comprises the following steps: carrying out vacuum induction melting, electroslag remelting and vacuum arc remelting on a raw material of GH4169 alloy to obtain a GH4169 consumable ingot; annealing the VIM electrode bar obtained by vacuum induction melting, and then carrying out electroslag remelting melting; annealing the P-ESR electrode bar obtained by electroslag remelting and smelting, and then carrying out vacuum arc remelting; the annealing treatment of the VIM electrode rod comprises the following steps: preserving the heat for more than 4 hours at 940-1130 ℃; the annealing treatment of the P-ESR electrode rod comprises the following steps: preserving the heat for more than 4 hours at 940-1130 ℃. According to the invention, the VIM electrode bar and the P-ESR electrode bar are subjected to high-temperature section annealing treatment within the range of 940-1130 ℃, so that the problems of metallurgical defects, cast ingot non-coaxiality and the like in the remelting process are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of high-temperature alloy smelting, in particular to a smelting process of a GH4169 alloy ingot.
Background
The GH4169 alloy has excellent high-temperature comprehensive mechanical properties, and is particularly widely applied in the field of aerospace. The turbine disk is a key hot end component of an aircraft engine, the metallurgical quality and performance level of which are critical to the reliability, safe life and performance improvements of the engine and aircraft.
At present, the smelting modes of GH4169 alloy ingots comprise a duplex smelting process and a duplex smelting process. The GH4169 alloy smelting for the turbine disc is mainly a triple smelting process, namely vacuum induction smelting, electroslag remelting and vacuum arc remelting. However, when the alloy ingot is prepared by the existing triple smelting process, metallurgical defects, the condition of non-coaxiality of the whole ingot and the like occur occasionally, the product quality is influenced, and the subsequent production process is unstable.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a smelting process of a GH4169 alloy ingot, which aims to solve the technical problems of metallurgical defects, non-coaxiality of the whole ingot and the like in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:
the smelting process of the GH4169 alloy ingot comprises the following steps:
carrying out vacuum induction melting, electroslag remelting and vacuum arc remelting on a raw material of GH4169 alloy to obtain a GH4169 consumable ingot;
annealing the VIM electrode bar obtained by vacuum induction melting, and then carrying out electroslag remelting melting; annealing the P-ESR electrode bar obtained by electroslag remelting and smelting, and then carrying out vacuum arc remelting;
the annealing treatment of the VIM electrode rod comprises the following steps: preserving the heat for more than 4 hours at 940-1130 ℃;
the annealing treatment of the P-ESR electrode rod comprises the following steps: preserving the heat for more than 4 hours at 940-1130 ℃.
In the triple smelting process of the GH4169 alloy ingot, an electrode obtained by vacuum induction smelting and electroslag remelting is a subsequently remelted electrode, internal stress can be generated in the electrode in the solidification process, and the electrode is easy to crack due to stress release in the next remelting process, so that the remelting process is unstable, and metallurgical defects are generated. In addition, the cast ingot is cooled to be placed horizontally, if no proper annealing process exists, the stress is large, deformation is easily caused in the cooling process, the whole verticality deviates, the whole cast ingot is not coaxial, and the subsequent production process is unstable.
In the process of solidifying the GH4169 alloy and the high-temperature alloy ingot, the main sources of internal stress are thermal stress in the solidification process and structural stress in structural transformation, and the main purpose of annealing treatment is to remove residual stress in the ingot forming process. The gamma phase is the most main phase influencing the strength of the GH4169 alloy, the volume fraction of the gamma phase in the alloy is gradually reduced along with the temperature rise, the gamma phase is slowly precipitated after the temperature reaches a certain value, the stress is reduced, and when the temperature is too low, the gamma phase exists too much, the stress in the ingot is not completely released, and the stress relief effect is low. According to calculation and test, the content of the gamma' phase is about 2% when the temperature is 940 ℃, the strength is less than or equal to 50MPa, and therefore, the temperature of the high-temperature section of the annealing treatment needs to be more than 940 ℃. When the temperature of the annealing treatment high-temperature section exceeds 1130 ℃, no change is caused, the stress removal effect is consistent due to the overhigh temperature, but the energy consumption is higher, the slow cooling process time is longer, and the production efficiency is reduced.
Therefore, the VIM electrode bar and the P-ESR electrode bar are subjected to high-temperature section annealing treatment within the temperature range of 940-1130 ℃, so that stress is effectively removed, and the problems of metallurgical defects, cast ingot non-coaxiality and the like in the remelting process are solved.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the annealing process of the VIM electrode rod comprises: charging and preserving heat for more than 3h at the furnace temperature of 600 +/-25 ℃, heating to 940-1130 ℃, preserving heat for more than 4h, cooling the furnace to less than 600 ℃, and then cooling by avoiding wind.
In actual operation, the furnace can be subjected to subsequent wind-shielding air cooling after being cooled to less than 600 ℃. In order to take production efficiency into consideration, the furnace can be immediately cooled by wind and air after being cooled to less than 600 ℃.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, in the annealing treatment of the VIM electrode bar, the temperature rise time is more than 4 h. Further, the temperature rising rate is less than 85 ℃/h.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, in the annealing treatment of the VIM electrode bar, the furnace cooling time is more than or equal to 7 h. Further, the cooling rate k of the furnace cooling 1 Satisfies the following conditions: k is more than 0 ℃/h 1 ＜50℃/h。
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the annealing process of the VIM electrode bar, the annealing process may be performed by cooling the VIM electrode bar in the air.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the annealing treatment of the P-ESR electrode rod comprises: charging and preserving heat for more than 3h at the furnace temperature of 200 +/-25 ℃, preserving heat for more than 3h when the temperature is increased to 600 +/-25 ℃ for the first time, preserving heat for more than 4h when the temperature is increased to 940-1130 ℃ for the second time, and cooling the furnace to less than 600 ℃ in a wind-shielding air cooling mode.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the time of the primary temperature rise is more than 4 h. Further, the rate of the primary heating is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the time of the secondary temperature rise is more than 4 h. Further, the rate of the secondary heating is less than 85 ℃/h.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, in the annealing treatment of the P-ESR electrode bar, the furnace cooling time is more than or equal to 7 h. Further, the cooling rate k of the furnace cooling 2 Satisfies the following conditions: k is more than 0 ℃/h 2 ＜50℃/h。
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the annealing treatment of the P-ESR electrode rod, the rod may be cooled normally in air in a wind-shielded manner.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the VIM electrode bar obtained by vacuum induction melting is immediately charged into a furnace for annealing treatment after being demoulded; and (3) demoulding the P-ESR electrode bar obtained by electroslag remelting and smelting, and immediately charging the electrode bar into a furnace for annealing treatment.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the vacuum induction melting comprises:
(a) proportioning components of GH4169 alloy, and smelting the GH4169 alloy raw material in a vacuum induction furnace;
(b) pouring the mixture into an ingot mould at a pouring temperature of 1480 +/-20 ℃ and preserving heat for more than 2h, and then breaking the cavity and demoulding to obtain a red high-temperature ingot.
In actual operation, the obtained red high-temperature ingot is immediately transferred to an annealing furnace with a preset annealing furnace temperature curve.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the electroslag remelting melting comprises:
and (3) polishing the annealed VIM electrode bar, and then carrying out electroslag remelting in a protective atmosphere at the melting speed of 4-5 kg/min to obtain the P-ESR electrode bar.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the vacuum arc remelting comprises:
and (3) polishing the annealed P-ESR electrode bar, and then carrying out vacuum arc remelting at the melting speed of 3-4 kg/min to obtain the GH4169 consumable ingot.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the GH4169 alloy comprises, by mass: 0.012-0.036% of C, 0.007-0.015% of P, 5.2-5.55% of Nb, 52-55% of Ni, 17-19% of Cr, 16-19% of Fe, 0.75-1.15% of Ti, 2.8-3.15% of Mo and 0.35-0.65% of Al.
The annealing treatment process can obviously reduce the stress of the GH4169 alloy ingot, and reduce the problems of metallurgical defects, ingot non-coaxiality and the like in the remelting process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the electrodes obtained after vacuum induction melting and electroslag remelting in the GH4169 alloy triple smelting process are respectively annealed, so that the stress is obviously reduced, the problems of metallurgical defects, cast ingot non-coaxiality and the like in the remelting process are reduced, the product quality is improved, and the stability of the subsequent production process is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is an annealing curve of a VIM electrode rod obtained by vacuum induction melting provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is an annealing curve of the P-ESR electrode bar obtained by electroslag remelting provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, but those skilled in the art will understand that the following described embodiments are some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention, and are only used for illustrating the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The smelting process of the GH4169 alloy ingot comprises the following steps:
carrying out vacuum induction melting, electroslag remelting and vacuum arc remelting on a raw material of GH4169 alloy to obtain a GH4169 consumable ingot;
annealing the VIM electrode bar obtained by vacuum induction melting, and then carrying out electroslag remelting melting; annealing the P-ESR electrode bar obtained by electroslag remelting and smelting, and then carrying out vacuum arc remelting;
the annealing treatment of the VIM electrode rod comprises the following steps: preserving the heat for more than 4 hours at 940-1130 ℃;
the annealing treatment of the P-ESR electrode rod comprises the following steps: preserving the heat for more than 4 hours at 940-1130 ℃.
In the triple smelting process of the GH4169 alloy ingot, an electrode obtained by vacuum induction smelting and electroslag remelting is a subsequently remelted electrode, internal stress can be generated in the electrode in the solidification process, and the electrode is easy to crack due to stress release in the next remelting process, so that the remelting process is unstable, and metallurgical defects are generated. In addition, the cast ingot is cooled to be placed horizontally, if no proper annealing process exists, the stress is large, deformation is easily caused in the cooling process, the whole verticality deviates, the whole cast ingot is not coaxial, and the subsequent production process is unstable.
In the process of solidifying the GH4169 alloy and the high-temperature alloy ingot, the main sources of internal stress are thermal stress in the solidification process and structural stress in structural transformation, and the main purpose of annealing treatment is to remove residual stress in the ingot forming process. The gamma phase is the most main phase influencing the strength of the GH4169 alloy, the volume fraction of the gamma phase in the alloy is gradually reduced along with the temperature rise, the gamma phase is slowly precipitated after the temperature reaches a certain value, the stress is reduced, and when the temperature is too low, the gamma phase exists too much, the stress in the ingot is not completely released, and the stress relief effect is low. According to calculation and test, the content of the gamma' phase is about 2% when the temperature is 940 ℃, the strength is less than or equal to 50MPa, and therefore, the temperature of the high-temperature section of the annealing treatment needs to be more than 940 ℃. When the temperature of the annealing treatment high-temperature section exceeds 1130 ℃, no change is caused, the stress removal effect is consistent due to the overhigh temperature, but the energy consumption is higher, the slow cooling process time is longer, and the production efficiency is reduced.
Therefore, the VIM electrode bar and the P-ESR electrode bar are subjected to high-temperature section annealing treatment within the temperature range of 940-1130 ℃, so that stress is effectively removed, and the problems of metallurgical defects, cast ingot non-coaxiality and the like in the remelting process are solved.
In the annealing treatment of the VIM electrode bar, the temperature of the high temperature section may be 940 ℃, 945 ℃, 950 ℃, 955 ℃, 960 ℃, 965 ℃, 970 ℃, 975 ℃, 980 ℃, 985 ℃, 990 ℃, 995 ℃, 1000 ℃, 1050 ℃, 1100 ℃, 1130 ℃ and the like, as in various embodiments; in the annealing treatment of the P-ESR electrode bar, the temperature of the high-temperature section may be 940 ℃, 945 ℃, 950 ℃, 955 ℃, 960 ℃, 965 ℃, 970 ℃, 975 ℃, 980 ℃, 985 ℃, 990 ℃, 995 ℃, 1000 ℃, 1050 ℃, 1100 ℃, 1130 ℃ and the like.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, in the annealing treatment of the VIM electrode bar, the temperature is kept at 940-1130 ℃ for 4-7 h; and (3) in the annealing treatment of the P-ESR electrode bar, preserving the heat for 4-7 hours at 940-1130 ℃.
In the annealing treatment of the VIM electrode bar, the high-temperature section heat preservation time can be 4h, 5h, 6h, 7h and the like; in the annealing treatment of the P-ESR electrode bar, the high-temperature section heat preservation time can be 4h, 5h, 6h, 7h and the like.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the annealing process of the VIM electrode rod comprises: charging and preserving heat for more than 3h at the furnace temperature of 600 +/-25 ℃, heating to 940-1130 ℃, preserving heat for more than 4h, cooling the furnace to less than 600 ℃, and then cooling by avoiding wind.
For example, in different embodiments, the furnace temperature is 600 ± 25 ℃, the charging and holding time can be 3h, 4h, 5h, 6h and the like, so as to make the whole temperature of the ingot uniform.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, in the annealing treatment of the VIM electrode bar, the temperature rise time is more than 4 h. Further, the temperature rising rate is less than 85 ℃/h. As in the different embodiments, the rate of temperature ramping can be 50 deg.C/h, 55 deg.C/h, 60 deg.C/h, 65 deg.C/h, 70 deg.C/h, 75 deg.C/h, 80 deg.C/h, and the like.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, in the annealing treatment of the VIM electrode bar, the furnace cooling time is more than or equal to 7 h. Further, the cooling rate k of the furnace cooling 1 Satisfies the following conditions: k is more than 0 ℃/h 1 < 50 ℃/h. As in various embodiments, the cool down rate of the furnace cold can be 45 ℃/h, 40 ℃/h, 35 ℃/h, 30 ℃/h, 25 ℃/h, 20 ℃/h, 15 ℃/h, 10 ℃/h, 5 ℃/h, and the like. Preferably, the cooling rate of the furnace cooling is 40-45 ℃/h. The annealing treatment conditions of the invention can ensure that resources are saved, the efficiency is improved and the cooling effect is ensured under the condition of relatively high cooling rate in the furnace cooling stage. In the invention, the temperature reduction rate at the stage is mainly controlled to be less than 50 ℃/h, the excessively slow temperature reduction rate needs to be controlled electrically, and the furnace cooling speed is controlled within the range.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the annealing process of the VIM electrode bar, the annealing process may be performed by cooling the VIM electrode bar in the air.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the annealing treatment of the P-ESR electrode rod comprises: charging and preserving heat for more than 3h at the furnace temperature of 200 +/-25 ℃, preserving heat for more than 3h when the temperature is increased to 600 +/-25 ℃ for the first time, preserving heat for more than 4h when the temperature is increased to 940-1130 ℃ for the second time, and cooling the furnace to less than 600 ℃ in a wind-shielding air cooling mode.
For example, in different embodiments, the furnace temperature is 600 ± 25 ℃, the charging and holding time can be 3h, 4h, 5h, 6h and the like, so as to make the whole temperature of the ingot uniform.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the time of the primary temperature rise is more than 4 h. Further, the rate of the primary heating is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h. As in the various embodiments, the rate of the one-time temperature rise may be 50 ℃/h, 55 ℃/h, 60 ℃/h, 65 ℃/h, 70 ℃/h, 75 ℃/h, 80 ℃/h, 85 ℃/h, 90 ℃/h, 95 ℃/h, and the like.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the time of the secondary temperature rise is > 4 h. Further, the rate of the secondary heating is less than 85 ℃/h. As in various embodiments, the rate of the secondary warming may be 50 ℃/h, 55 ℃/h, 60 ℃/h, 65 ℃/h, 70 ℃/h, 75 ℃/h, 80 ℃/h, and the like.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, in the annealing treatment of the P-ESR electrode bar, the furnace cooling time is more than or equal to 7 h. Further, the cooling rate k of the furnace cooling 2 Satisfies the following conditions: k is more than 0 ℃/h 2 < 50 ℃/h. As in various embodiments, the cool down rate of the furnace cold can be 45 ℃/h, 40 ℃/h, 35 ℃/h, 30 ℃/h, 25 ℃/h, 20 ℃/h, 15 ℃/h, 10 ℃/h, 5 ℃/h, and the like. Preferably, the cooling rate of the furnace cooling is 40-45 ℃/h. The annealing treatment conditions of the invention can ensure that resources are saved, the efficiency is improved and the cooling effect is ensured under the condition of relatively high cooling rate in the furnace cooling stage. In the invention, the temperature reduction rate at the stage is mainly controlled to be less than 50 ℃/h, the excessively slow temperature reduction rate needs to be controlled electrically, and the furnace cooling speed is controlled within the range.
In an embodiment of the present invention, in the annealing treatment of the P-ESR electrode rod, the rod may be cooled normally in air by wind cooling.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the VIM electrode bar obtained by vacuum induction melting is immediately charged into a furnace for annealing treatment after being demoulded; and (3) demoulding the P-ESR electrode bar obtained by electroslag remelting and smelting, and immediately charging the electrode bar into a furnace for annealing treatment.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the vacuum induction melting comprises:
(a) proportioning components of GH4169 alloy, and smelting the GH4169 alloy raw material in a vacuum induction furnace;
(b) pouring the mixture into an ingot mould at a pouring temperature of 1480 +/-20 ℃ and preserving heat for more than 2h, and then breaking the cavity and demoulding to obtain a red high-temperature ingot.
In actual operation, the obtained red high-temperature ingot is immediately transferred to an annealing furnace with a preset annealing furnace temperature curve.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the electroslag remelting melting comprises:
and (3) polishing the annealed VIM electrode bar, and then carrying out electroslag remelting in a protective atmosphere at the melting speed of 4-5 kg/min to obtain the P-ESR electrode bar.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the vacuum arc remelting comprises:
and (3) polishing the annealed P-ESR electrode bar, and then carrying out vacuum arc remelting at the melting speed of 3-4 kg/min to obtain the GH4169 consumable ingot.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the GH4169 alloy comprises, by mass: 0.012-0.036% of C, 0.007-0.015% of P, 5.2-5.55% of Nb, 52-55% of Ni, 17-19% of Cr, 16-19% of Fe, 0.75-1.15% of Ti, 2.8-3.15% of Mo and 0.35-0.65% of Al.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a smelting process of a GH4169 alloy ingot, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the GH4169 alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.012-0.036% of C, 0.007-0.015% of P, 5.2-5.55% of Nb, 52-55% of Ni, 17-19% of Cr, 16-19% of Fe, 0.75-1.15% of Ti, 2.8-3.15% of Mo and 0.35-0.65% of Al; all raw materials need to be clean and free of oil stains; nickel plates and iron bars are randomly arranged at the bottom of the furnace, molybdenum bars are distributed at the middle layer of a crucible of the vacuum induction furnace, and intermediate alloy is arranged on the molybdenum bars;
vacuumizing the vacuum induction furnace to below 20Pa, and starting to perform electric melting; the full melting temperature of the alloy material is 1500-1530 ℃; after the alloy material is completely melted, the alloy material enters a refining period, power frequency stirring is carried out, alloy elements Al, Ti and Nb are added, and the refining temperature is 1450-1480 ℃. Adjusting trace alloy elements after the refining period is finished, then filling argon, adding Ni-Mg alloy into a crucible after filling the argon, and stirring and melting to obtain an alloy finished product sample; pouring the mixture into an ingot mold at a pouring temperature of 1480 +/-20 ℃ for more than 2h, breaking the mold, demolding, and immediately transferring a red high-temperature ingot (VIM electrode bar with the size of phi 330mm) into an annealing furnace with a preset temperature;
(2) referring to fig. 1 (post-temperature ± refers to furnace accuracy in the figure and in the present example), the annealing curve of the annealing furnace is specifically: charging the VIM electrode rod at the furnace temperature of 600 +/-25 ℃ and preserving heat for 4h, heating to 940 ℃ at the heating rate of 60 ℃/h and preserving heat for 5h, cooling to less than 600 ℃ at the cooling rate of 45 ℃/h, and then, carrying out air cooling by avoiding wind to obtain the annealed VIM electrode rod;
(3) cutting the head and removing the tail of the annealed VIM electrode bar obtained in the step (2), polishing, carrying out electroslag remelting, setting the melting speed of a stabilizer to be 4-5 kg/min, carrying out heat preservation for 2 hours after remelting, then demoulding, and transferring the demoulded P-ESR electrode bar into an annealing furnace with a preset temperature;
(4) referring to fig. 2 (post-temperature ± referred to in the figure and in this example is furnace accuracy), the annealing curve of the annealing furnace is specifically: charging and keeping the temperature for 3h at the furnace temperature of 200 +/-25 ℃, heating to 600 +/-25 ℃ at the heating rate of 100 ℃/h and keeping the temperature for 4h, heating to 940 ℃ at the heating rate of 60 ℃/h and keeping the temperature for 5h, cooling to less than 600 ℃ at the cooling rate of 45 ℃/h, and then, cooling by wind to obtain the annealed P-ESR electrode rod;
(5) and (4) removing the tail of the annealed P-ESR electrode bar obtained in the step (4), polishing, performing vacuum arc remelting, setting the stable melting speed to be 3-4 kg/min, setting the molten drop to be 4-8/s, preserving heat for 2 hours after remelting, demolding, and performing a homogenization process to obtain the GH4169 consumable ingot.
Example 2
This example refers to the preparation of example 1, with the only difference that:
in the step (2), the annealing curves are different. The annealing curve of this embodiment is specifically: and charging the VIM electrode rod at the furnace temperature of 600 +/-25 ℃ and preserving heat for 4h, heating to 960 ℃ at the heating rate of 60 ℃/h and preserving heat for 5h, cooling to less than 600 ℃ at the cooling rate of 45 ℃/h, and then, carrying out air cooling by avoiding wind to obtain the annealed VIM electrode rod.
Example 3
This example refers to the preparation of example 1, with the only difference that:
in the step (2), the annealing curves are different. The annealing curve of the present embodiment is specifically: and charging the VIM electrode rod into a furnace at the furnace temperature of 600 +/-25 ℃ and preserving heat for 4h, heating to 1020 ℃ at the heating rate of 60 ℃/h and preserving heat for 5h, cooling to less than 600 ℃ at the cooling rate of 45 ℃/h, and then, carrying out air cooling by avoiding wind to obtain the annealed VIM electrode rod.
Example 4
This example refers to the preparation of example 1, with the only difference that:
in the step (2), the annealing curves are different. The annealing curve of this embodiment is specifically: and charging the VIM electrode rod at the furnace temperature of 600 +/-25 ℃ and preserving heat for 4h, heating to 1130 ℃ at the heating rate of 60 ℃/h and preserving heat for 5h, cooling to less than 600 ℃ at the cooling rate of 45 ℃/h, and then, carrying out air cooling by avoiding wind to obtain the annealed VIM electrode rod.
Example 5
This example refers to the preparation of example 1, with the only difference that:
in the step (2), the annealing curves are different. The annealing curve of the present embodiment is specifically: and charging the VIM electrode rod into a furnace at the furnace temperature of 960 +/-25 ℃ and preserving heat for 4h, cooling the VIM electrode rod in the furnace at the cooling rate of 45 ℃/h to be less than 600 ℃, and then, cooling the VIM electrode rod in a wind-shielding manner to obtain the annealed VIM electrode rod.
Example 6
This example refers to the preparation of example 1, with the only difference that:
in the step (2), the annealing curves are different. The annealing curve of the present embodiment is specifically: and charging the VIM electrode rod into a furnace at the furnace temperature of 600 +/-25 ℃ and preserving heat for 4h, heating to 940 ℃ at the heating rate of 60 ℃/h and preserving heat for 5h, cooling to less than 600 ℃ at the cooling rate of 35 ℃/h, and then, carrying out air cooling by avoiding wind to obtain the annealed VIM electrode rod.
Example 7
This example refers to the preparation of example 1, with the only difference that:
in the step (4), the annealing curves are different. The annealing curve of the present embodiment is specifically: and charging and keeping the temperature for 3h at the furnace temperature of 200 +/-25 ℃, heating to 600 +/-25 ℃ at the heating rate of 100 ℃/h and keeping the temperature for 4h, heating to 960 ℃ at the heating rate of 60 ℃/h and keeping the temperature for 5h, cooling to less than 600 ℃ at the cooling rate of 45 ℃/h, and then, cooling by wind to obtain the annealed P-ESR electrode rod.
Example 8
This example refers to the preparation of example 1, with the only difference that:
in the step (4), the annealing curves are different. The annealing curve of the present embodiment is specifically: and charging and keeping the temperature for 3h at the furnace temperature of 200 +/-25 ℃, heating to 600 +/-25 ℃ at the heating rate of 100 ℃/h, keeping the temperature for 4h, heating to 1020 ℃ at the heating rate of 60 ℃/h, keeping the temperature for 5h, cooling to less than 600 ℃ at the cooling rate of 45 ℃/h, and then, cooling by wind to obtain the annealed P-ESR electrode rod.
Example 9
This example refers to the preparation of example 1, with the only difference that:
in the step (4), the annealing curves are different. The annealing curve of the present embodiment is specifically: and charging and keeping the temperature for 3h at the furnace temperature of 200 +/-25 ℃, heating to 600 +/-25 ℃ at the heating rate of 100 ℃/h and keeping the temperature for 4h, heating to 1130 ℃ at the heating rate of 60 ℃/h and keeping the temperature for 5h, cooling to less than 600 ℃ at the cooling rate of 45 ℃/h, and then, cooling by wind to obtain the annealed P-ESR electrode rod.
Example 10
This example refers to the preparation of example 1, with the only difference that:
in the step (4), the annealing curves are different. The annealing curve of the present embodiment is specifically: and (3) charging the P-ESR electrode rod at the furnace temperature of 960 +/-25 ℃ and keeping the temperature for 4h, cooling the P-ESR electrode rod to be less than 600 ℃ at the cooling rate of 40 ℃/h, and then, carrying out air cooling in a wind-shielding manner to obtain the P-ESR electrode rod after annealing treatment.
Example 11
This example refers to the preparation of example 1, with the only difference that:
in the step (4), the annealing curves are different. The annealing curve of the present embodiment is specifically: and charging and preserving heat for 3h at the furnace temperature of 200 +/-25 ℃, heating to 600 +/-25 ℃ at the heating rate of 100 ℃/h and preserving heat for 4h, heating to 940 ℃ at the heating rate of 60 ℃/h and preserving heat for 5h, cooling to less than 600 ℃ at the cooling rate of 35 ℃/h, and then, cooling by wind to obtain the annealed P-ESR electrode rod.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 the preparation process of example 1 was referenced, with the following differences:
and (3) directly carrying out the operation of the step (3) on the VIM electrode rod demolded in the step (1) and directly carrying out the operation of the step (5) on the P-ESR electrode rod demolded in the step (3) without steps (2) and (4).
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 the preparation process of example 1 was referenced, with the following differences:
in the step (2), the annealing curves are different. The annealing curve of comparative example 2 is specifically: and charging the VIM electrode rod into a furnace at the furnace temperature of 600 +/-25 ℃ and preserving heat for 4h, heating to 800 ℃ at the heating rate of 60 ℃/h and preserving heat for 5h, cooling to less than 600 ℃ at the cooling rate of 45 ℃/h, and then, carrying out air cooling by avoiding wind to obtain the annealed VIM electrode rod.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 the preparation process of example 1 was referenced, with the following differences:
in the step (4), the annealing curves are different. The annealing curve of comparative example 3 is specifically: and charging and keeping the temperature of the furnace at 200 +/-25 ℃ for 3h, heating to 600 +/-25 ℃ at the heating rate of 100 ℃/h and keeping the temperature for 4h, heating to 800 ℃ at the heating rate of 60 ℃/h and keeping the temperature for 5h, cooling to less than 600 ℃ at the cooling rate of 45 ℃/h, and then, cooling by wind to obtain the annealed P-ESR electrode rod.
Comparative example 4
Comparative example 4 the preparation process of example 1 was referenced, with the following differences:
in the step (2) and the step (4), the annealing curves are different.
The annealing curve of step (2) of comparative example 4 is specifically: charging the VIM electrode rod at the furnace temperature of 600 +/-25 ℃ and preserving heat for 4h, heating to 800 ℃ at the heating rate of 60 ℃/h and preserving heat for 5h, cooling to less than 600 ℃ at the cooling rate of 45 ℃/h, and then, carrying out air cooling by avoiding wind to obtain the annealed VIM electrode rod;
the annealing curve of step (4) of comparative example 4 is specifically: and charging and keeping the temperature of the furnace at 200 +/-25 ℃ for 3h, heating to 600 +/-25 ℃ at the heating rate of 100 ℃/h and keeping the temperature for 4h, heating to 800 ℃ at the heating rate of 60 ℃/h and keeping the temperature for 5h, cooling to less than 600 ℃ at the cooling rate of 45 ℃/h, and then, cooling by wind to obtain the annealed P-ESR electrode rod.
Experimental example 1
In order to compare the stress removal conditions of different annealing treatments, the residual stress values of the annealed VIM electrode bar and the annealed P-ESR electrode bar of different examples and comparative examples (wherein comparative example 1 is not annealed, and the test objects are the VIM electrode bar and the P-ESR electrode bar) were shown in table 1.
Wherein, the test reference standard of the residual stress is as follows: T/CSTM 00347-.
TABLE 1 residual stress and offset test results for different process conditions
Remarking: the "-" indicated in Table 1 is because the VIM electrode bar annealing conditions were the same in this example or comparative example and other examples or comparative examples, and the test was not repeated.
According to the test results, the smelting process of the GH4169 alloy ingot provided by the invention has the advantages that according to the alloy characteristics of GH4169, the VIM electrode bar and the P-ESR electrode bar are subjected to high-temperature section annealing treatment within the range of 940-1130 ℃ by regulating and controlling the annealing treatment conditions, the stress is effectively removed by matching with the rest annealing treatment conditions, and the problems of metallurgical defects, ingot non-coaxiality and the like in the remelting process can be reduced.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
- The smelting process of the GH4169 alloy ingot is characterized by comprising the following steps:carrying out vacuum induction melting, electroslag remelting and vacuum arc remelting on a raw material of GH4169 alloy to obtain a GH4169 consumable ingot;annealing the VIM electrode bar obtained by the vacuum induction melting, and then carrying out electroslag remelting; annealing the P-ESR electrode bar obtained by electroslag remelting and smelting, and then performing vacuum arc remelting;the annealing treatment of the VIM electrode rod comprises the following steps: charging and preserving heat for more than 3h at the furnace temperature of 600 +/-25 ℃, heating to 940-1130 ℃, preserving heat for more than 4h, cooling the furnace to less than 600 ℃, and then cooling by avoiding wind;the annealing treatment of the P-ESR electrode rod comprises the following steps: charging and preserving heat for more than 3h at the furnace temperature of 200 +/-25 ℃, preserving heat for more than 3h when the temperature is increased to 600 +/-25 ℃ for the first time, preserving heat for more than 4h when the temperature is increased to 940-1130 ℃ for the second time, and cooling the furnace to less than 600 ℃ in a wind-shielding air cooling mode.
- 2. The smelting process according to claim 1, wherein in the annealing treatment of the VIM electrode bar, the temperature rise time is more than 4 h;the temperature rising speed is less than 85 ℃/h.
- 3. The smelting process according to claim 1, wherein in the annealing treatment of the VIM electrode bar, the furnace cooling time is not less than 7 h;cooling rate k of the furnace cooling 1 Satisfies the following conditions: k is more than 0 ℃/h 1 ＜50℃/h。
- 4. The smelting process according to claim 1, wherein in the annealing treatment of the VIM electrode rod, the electrode rod is cooled in air by windproof air cooling.
- 5. The smelting process according to claim 1, wherein the time for the primary heating is more than 4 h;the rate of the primary temperature rise is less than or equal to 100 ℃/h.
- 6. The smelting process according to claim 1, wherein the time of the secondary heating is more than 4 h;the rate of the secondary heating is less than 85 ℃/h.
- 7. The smelting process according to claim 1, wherein in the annealing treatment of the P-ESR electrode rod, the furnace cooling time is not less than 7 h;cooling rate k of the furnace cooling 2 Satisfies the following conditions: k is more than 0 ℃/h 2 ＜50℃/h。
- 8. The smelting process according to claim 1, wherein the VIM electrode rod obtained by the vacuum induction smelting is immediately charged into a furnace after being demoulded for the annealing treatment; and (3) demoulding the P-ESR electrode bar obtained by electroslag remelting and smelting, and immediately charging the electrode bar into a furnace for annealing treatment.
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