CN113996342B - Ag/AgIO 3 Preparation method of/CTF Z type heterojunction photocatalyst - Google Patents
Ag/AgIO 3 Preparation method of/CTF Z type heterojunction photocatalyst Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
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- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- BHXFKXOIODIUJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,4-dicarbonitrile Chemical compound N#CC1=CC=C(C#N)C=C1 BHXFKXOIODIUJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
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- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 239000013311 covalent triazine framework Substances 0.000 description 40
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- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010757 Reduction Activity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CLWRFNUKIFTVHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].C1=CC=NC=C1 Chemical group [N].C1=CC=NC=C1 CLWRFNUKIFTVHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical class OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013032 photocatalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/02—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides
- B01J31/06—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing organic compounds or metal hydrides containing polymers
- B01J31/063—Polymers comprising a characteristic microstructure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/20—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state
- B01J35/23—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state in a colloidal state
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/60—Reduction reactions, e.g. hydrogenation
- B01J2231/62—Reductions in general of inorganic substrates, e.g. formal hydrogenation, e.g. of N2
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to an Ag/AgIO 3 The preparation method of the CTF Z heterojunction photocatalyst comprises the following steps: 1) Preparing a block CTF; 2) Preparing nano-sheet CTF; 3) AgIO (Global positioning System) 3 CTF preparation: agNO 3 、KIO 3 Mixing with CTF nanosheets, grinding, adding water, stirring, repeatedly centrifuging, and drying to obtain AgIO 3 /CTF;4)Ag/AgIO 3 CTF preparation: get AgIO 3 NaBH addition to CTF 4 Stirring the solution, washing with deionized water, centrifuging and drying to obtain Ag/AgIO 3 CTF. The method of the invention builds the adsorption-photocatalysis difunctional Z-type heterojunction photocatalysis material based on the covalent triazine organic frame framework with easily modulated surface, and solves the problem that a single photocatalyst adsorbs CO 2 Poor performance and high photon-generated carrier recombination rate, and effectively improves CO 2 Is rotated by (a)Conversion efficiency of CO 2 Thoroughly, efficiently and with low energy consumption, into useful chemicals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to preparation of a photocatalyst, in particular to an Ag/AgIO 3 A preparation method of a CTF Z heterojunction photocatalyst.
Background
In the carbon capturing, utilizing and sealing technology, CO 2 Can be used as an important technical reserve for the conversion and utilization of low-concentration CO in the flue gas after desulfurization of a thermal power plant 2 Conversion as a carbon source to additional value chemicals (methane, methanol, formic acid, CO, etc.) can provide a solution to the two global problems of "greenhouse effect" and "energy shortage". But CO 2 Extremely stable and complex conversion pathways, diversity of reduced products and H 2 The existence of competing reaction of O reduction and hydrogen production makes the activity and selectivity of the target product poor. Thus, regulating the photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 The product selectivity in the reaction process has very important research value and industrial application potential for obtaining more valuable hydrocarbon products, and deserves intensive research.
The effective absorption of light, efficient separation of photogenerated charges, rapid oxidation/reduction surface interface catalytic reactions, etc. are strongly dependent on the intrinsic structure of the photocatalytic material. However, the relatively weak light absorption capacity, low charge separation efficiency and insufficient surface active sites of current photocatalysts greatly limit photocatalytic CO 2 The reduction activity and the construction of a novel photocatalyst realize the efficient photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 Is an effective way of (a) is provided. Based on metallic catalytic materials (e.g. TiO 2 、ZnO、BiVO 4 And CdS, etc) The photocatalytic technology of (2) is realized by limited CO of the photocatalytic material 2 Adsorption capacity and catalytic efficiency, leading to its reduction of CO in photocatalysis 2 There are certain limitations in application. The construction of the composite photocatalytic system realizes the efficient photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 Is an effective way of (a) is provided. By selecting a proper narrow bandgap semiconductor, the energy band structure of the semiconductor needs to meet the generation potential of free radicals, and the spectral response range of the semiconductor can be widened, so that sunlight is effectively utilized. And the Z-shaped heterogeneous composite structure formed by energy band structure matching has been proved to be an effective way for optimizing the photocatalytic reaction activity. The establishment of the Z-shaped heterogeneous composite structure is not only beneficial to the formation of photo-generated charges and promotes the separation and transfer of photo-generated carriers, but also can maximize the redox capacity of electron-hole pairs. Therefore, reasonably combining the photocatalysts is key to preparing heterojunction composite photocatalysts with high catalytic activity.
Covalent Triazine Frameworks (CTFs) are a class of Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) that has been of great interest in recent years. COFs reported by research are various and can be classified into boroxine, borate, triazine, hydrazone and the like according to the covalent bond formed. The covalent triazine framework has good visible light absorption, large specific surface area and high porosity. The triazine ring structure of the epoxy resin has more outstanding visible light response capability and chemical and thermal stability than that of the boroxine and boric acid esters. In addition, the triazine ring structure contains rich pyridine nitrogen atoms, so that rich active centers can be provided in the catalytic process, and a large specific surface area also provides more adsorption sites for pre-adsorption of pollutants, so that diffusion and circulation of pollutant molecules in the triazine ring structure are promoted, and the catalytic efficiency is improved. However, the CTFs alone still have problems of high photon-generated carrier recombination rate and low quantum efficiency. To overcome these disadvantages, and without losing the broad visible light absorption range and strong CO of CTFs 2 Based on the adsorption capacity, the construction of the heterojunction photocatalytic material based on CTFs realizes the removal of low-concentration CO in flue gas 2 Is effective means of (1).
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an Ag/AgIO 3 A preparation method of a CTF Z heterojunction photocatalyst.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the Ag/AgIO 3 The preparation method of the CTF Z heterojunction photocatalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Preparation of bulk CTF: taking a proper amount of 1, 4-dicyanobenzene in 25ml of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, stirring for 1.5h at 0 ℃ to enable the mixture to be fully mixed, then placing the mixture in a baking oven at 100 ℃ for drying for 20min, taking out and cooling the mixture to room temperature, grinding the mixture in ethanol, transferring the ground mixture into a beaker for washing and centrifuging for multiple times, placing the centrifuged solid matters in the baking oven at 60 ℃ for drying overnight, adding NaOH solution after the solid matters are completely dried, soaking the solid matters in the baking oven at 60 ℃ for 5h, adding deionized water for stirring for 5min, centrifuging for 5min, repeating the operation until the solution is washed to be neutral, placing the solution in the baking oven at 60 ℃ again for drying overnight, collecting the dried CTF, and grinding the CTF to powder for standby;
2) Nano-sheet CTF preparation: weighing a proper amount of CTF (CTF) prepared in the step 1), adding the CTF into a certain volume of DMF (dimethyl formamide) to obtain a white suspension, stirring the white suspension on a constant-temperature magnetic stirrer for 2 hours, then placing the white suspension in an ultrasonic machine to keep ultrasonic bath, continuously stirring and centrifuging for a plurality of times after ultrasonic treatment, and then placing the CTF in a 60 ℃ oven to dry for 10 hours to obtain CTF nano sheets for collection;
3)AgIO 3 CTF preparation: respectively weighing a certain amount of AgNO 3 And KIO 3 Prepared CTF nano-sheet and AgNO 3 And KIO 3 Grinding in a mortar, transferring powder in the mortar into a 250ml beaker, adding deionized water, stirring for 5min, centrifuging at a superhigh speed refrigerated centrifuge with a rotation speed of 12000r/min for 5min, continuously stirring the centrifuged solid with deionized water for 5min, centrifuging again for three times, and drying in a 60 ℃ oven for 10h to obtain AgIO 3 Collecting CTF for standby;
4)Ag/AgIO 3 CTF preparation: taking a certain amount of AgIO 3 NaBH addition of CTF photocatalyst 4 Stirring the solution for 5min, washing with deionized water for 4 times, and centrifugingSeparating, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 60 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain Ag/AgIO 3 And collecting the CTF for standby.
Further, the 1, 4-dicyanobenzene in step 1) is added in an amount of 0.4 to 0.6g.
Further, the repeated washing and centrifuging in the step 1) means that the washing and centrifuging are performed by absolute ethyl alcohol for 4 times, then the washing and centrifuging by deionized water for 4 times, each washing and centrifuging is performed after stirring for 5min after washing, the rotating speed of each centrifuging is 12000r/min, and the centrifuging time is 5min.
Further, in the step 2), the feed liquid ratio of CTF to DMF is mg/ml which is 2:1; the stirring and centrifugation are repeated three times, each stirring time is 5 minutes, the centrifugation time is 10 minutes, and the centrifugation rotating speed is 12000 r/min.
Further, agNO in step 3) 3 The addition amount of (C) is 0.3-0.4g, KIO 3 The addition amount of (2) is 0.2-0.3g.
Further, agIO in step 4) 3 The addition amount of the/CTF photocatalyst is 0.2-0.4g, naBH 4 The amount of the solution was 22-27ml and the concentration was 0.05M.
The method of the invention builds the adsorption-photocatalysis difunctional Z-type heterojunction photocatalysis material based on the covalent triazine organic frame framework with easily modulated surface, solves the problem of CO adsorption by the traditional single photocatalyst 2 Poor performance and high photon-generated carrier recombination rate, and effectively improves CO 2 Is realized by the conversion efficiency of CO 2 Thoroughly, efficiently and with low energy consumption, into useful chemicals.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a test example of photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 And (5) producing formic acid effect.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below in connection with specific examples to provide a better understanding of the present technical solution.
Example 1: preparation of bulk CTF
0.513g of 1, 4-Dicyanobenzene (DCB) and 25ml of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMS) were taken and mixed, followed by placing in an atmosphere at 0℃and stirring for 1.5. 1.5h, and then placing the solution in an oven at 100℃for 20 minutes. Grinding in ethanol after cooling, transferring into a 250ml beaker, adding absolute ethanol, stirring for 5min, centrifuging at a superhigh speed refrigerated centrifuge, setting the rotating speed to 12000r/min, centrifuging for 5min, flushing the centrifuged solid product with absolute ethanol, continuing stirring for 5min, centrifuging again, and repeatedly operating for 4 times in an absolute ethanol washing and centrifuging series. Deionized water was then added to the centrifuged solid and the mixture was stirred for 5min and centrifuged again for 5min, and the series of operations was repeated 4 times. The solid obtained was dried overnight in an oven at 60 ℃. After the solid is completely dried, 60ml of 0.5mol/LNaOH solution is added, the mixture is soaked in an oven at 60 ℃ for 5 hours, deionized water is added and stirred for 5 minutes, the mixture is centrifuged for 5 minutes, and the operation is repeated until the solution is washed to be neutral. Drying in oven at 60deg.C overnight. Collecting the dried CTF, and grinding to powder for later use.
Example 2: nano flake CTF preparation
First, 100mg of CTF block was weighed and added to 50ml of DMF to obtain a white suspension. The solution was stirred on a constant temperature magnetic stirrer for 2 hours and then placed in an ultrasonic machine for maintaining an ultrasonic bath for 1 hour. The solution was stirred for another 5 minutes, and then the suspension was centrifuged in a super-high-speed refrigerated centrifuge at 12000/r/min for 10 minutes. And (3) washing the centrifuged solid product with absolute ethyl alcohol, continuously stirring for 5 minutes, centrifuging again, repeatedly operating for three times, and drying in a 60 ℃ oven for 10 hours to obtain CTF nano-sheets for collection.
Example 3: agIO (Global positioning System) 3 CTF preparation
AgNO of 0.302. 0.302 g was weighed on an electronic analytical balance, respectively 3 And KIO of 0.24 g 3 Prepared CTF nano-sheet and AgNO 3 And KIO 3 Grinding in a mortar, transferring powder in the mortar into a 250ml beaker, adding deionized water, stirring for 5min, centrifuging at ultrahigh speed refrigerated centrifuge with rotation speed of 12000r/min for 5min, continuously stirring the centrifuged solid with deionized water for 5min, centrifuging again for three times, and drying in a 60 deg.C oven for 10h to obtain AgIO 3 And collecting the CTF for standby.
Example 4: ag/AgIO 3 CTF preparation
0.3g AgIO 3 CTF photocatalyst 25mL of 0.05M NaBH was added 4 Stirring the solution for 5min, washing with deionized water for 4 times, centrifuging, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 60deg.C for 10h to obtain Ag/AgIO 3 And collecting the CTF for standby.
Test examples
A240 mL glass vessel was charged with 60mL acetonitrile/methanol (5:1 v/v) solution containing 50 mg photocatalyst with CO 2 Bubbling was continued for 30 min. The reaction mixture was then irradiated with a 500W Xe lamp at a light intensity of 70 mW cm -2 The temperature of the reaction system was maintained at 25 ℃ using a water bath system with continuous stirring 10 h. At certain time intervals, 1 mL liquid was withdrawn from the reactor. The reaction solution was checked for the content of formic acid by ion chromatography (883 CoMpacTiCpro, metrosp) using a Metrosplaup 5250/4.0 column at 303K, using 3.2 mmol L -1 Is a mixture Na of (2) 2 CO 3 And 1.0 mmoL -1 NaHCO 3 The aqueous solution was used as eluent. By illumination of 4 h, compared with CTF and AgIO 3 Photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 The formic acid yield is respectively 2.43 mu mol and 1.16 mu mol, and Ag/AgIO 3 CTF has relatively high selectivity, and the yield of formic acid is 5.12 mu mol.
Claims (6)
1. Ag/AgIO 3 Low concentration CO in flue gas removal for CTF Z heterojunction photocatalysts 2 The Ag/AgIO 3 The CTF Z heterojunction photocatalyst is prepared by the following method:
1) Preparation of bulk CTF: taking a proper amount of 1, 4-dicyanobenzene in 25ml of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, stirring for 1.5h at 0 ℃ to enable the mixture to be fully mixed, then placing the mixture in a baking oven at 100 ℃ for drying for 20min, taking out and cooling the mixture to room temperature, grinding the mixture in ethanol, transferring the ground mixture into a beaker for washing and centrifuging for multiple times, placing the centrifuged solid matters in the baking oven at 60 ℃ for drying overnight, adding NaOH solution after the solid matters are completely dried, soaking the solid matters in the baking oven at 60 ℃ for 5h, adding deionized water for stirring for 5min, centrifuging for 5min, repeating the operation until the solution is washed to be neutral, placing the solution in the baking oven at 60 ℃ again for drying overnight, collecting the dried CTF, and grinding the CTF to powder for standby;
2) Nano-sheet CTF preparation: weighing a proper amount of CTF (CTF) prepared in the step 1), adding the CTF into a certain volume of DMF (dimethyl formamide) to obtain a white suspension, stirring the white suspension on a constant-temperature magnetic stirrer for 2 hours, then placing the white suspension in an ultrasonic machine to keep ultrasonic bath, continuously stirring and centrifuging for a plurality of times after ultrasonic treatment, and then placing the CTF in a 60 ℃ oven to dry for 10 hours to obtain CTF nano sheets for collection;
3)AgIO 3 CTF preparation: respectively weighing a certain amount of AgNO 3 And KIO 3 Prepared CTF nano-sheet and AgNO 3 And KIO 3 Grinding in a mortar, transferring powder in the mortar into a 250ml beaker, adding deionized water, stirring for 5min, centrifuging at a superhigh speed refrigerated centrifuge with a rotation speed of 12000r/min for 5min, continuously stirring the centrifuged solid with deionized water for 5min, centrifuging again for three times, and drying in a 60 ℃ oven for 10h to obtain AgIO 3 Collecting CTF for standby;
4)Ag/AgIO 3 CTF preparation: taking a certain amount of AgIO 3 NaBH addition of CTF photocatalyst 4 Stirring the solution for 5min, washing with deionized water for 4 times, centrifuging, and drying in a vacuum drying oven at 60deg.C for 10 hr to obtain Ag/AgIO 3 And collecting the CTF for standby.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein 1, 4-dicyanobenzene is added in an amount of 0.4-0.6g in step 1).
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the washing and centrifuging in step 1) is performed by washing with absolute ethanol for 4 times and then with deionized water for 4 times, wherein each washing and centrifuging is performed by stirring for 5 minutes after washing, the rotating speed of each centrifuging is 12000r/min, and the centrifuging time is 5 minutes.
4. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio mg/ml of CTF to DMF in step 2) is 2:1; the stirring and centrifugation are repeated three times, each stirring time is 5 minutes, the centrifugation time is 10 minutes, and the centrifugation rotating speed is 12000 r/min.
5. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 3) AgNO 3 The addition amount of (C) is 0.3-0.4g, KIO 3 The addition amount of (2) is 0.2-0.3g.
6. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 4) AgIO 3 The addition amount of the/CTF photocatalyst is 0.2-0.4g, naBH 4 The amount of the solution was 22-27ml and the concentration was 0.05M.
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