CN113996318A - Ternary compound Pr-Go-BiOX catalyst and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ternary compound Pr-Go-BiOX catalyst and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 20
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 4
- RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;methyl 4-methoxypyridine-2-carboxylate;chloride Chemical compound Cl.COC(=O)C1=CC(OC)=CC=N1 RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005661 hydrophobic surface Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013033 photocatalytic degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006552 photochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/60—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J35/61—Surface area
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/10—Photocatalysts
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Abstract
The invention discloses a ternary compound Pr-Go-BiOX catalyst and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of photocatalysts. The method comprises the following steps: preparing BiOX; preparing Go-BiOX; preparation of Pr-Go-BiOX. First Bi (NO)3)3·5H2Mixing and stirring O and a halogen-containing compound, heating to react to obtain BiOX, then mixing graphite oxide (Go) and the BiOX prepared in the previous step according to a certain proportion, performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain Go-BiOX, and finally doping Pr into the Go-BiOX binary compound to obtain the ternary compound Pr-Go-BiOX catalyst. The invention enhances the activity of the BiOX photocatalyst by rare earth doping and loading, selects Pr as a proper rare earth doping elementElement and Go are used as conductors, and a three-step method is adopted to synthesize the ternary compound Pr-Go-BiOX photocatalyst. According to the invention, graphene integrating adsorption and conductivity and the rare earth element Pr with a special energy level are introduced into the catalyst, so that the recombination rate of photo-generated carriers is reduced by capturing photo-generated electrons, and the photocatalytic activity of the catalyst is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of photocatalysts, in particular to a ternary compound Pr-Go-BiOX catalyst and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Currently, environmental pollution has attracted much attention because it has serious harm to living things. Development of pollution-free environmental remediation techniques is critical to pollution control. Semiconductor photocatalysis is an efficient pollutant control technology and has the advantages of low toxicity, strong affordability and high efficiency. The BiOX photocatalyst has excellent optical properties, a special structure and a wide range of industrial applications. The BiOX (X is Cl, Br or I) photocatalyst has unique electronic structure and energy band structure, and shows better catalytic degradation performance than other types of semiconductors in the aspect of photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. However, the activity of single BiOX (X is Cl, Br and I) is lower when degrading organic pollutants, and the activity of different BiOX (X is Cl, Br and I) is different when degrading the same organic pollutants.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a ternary compound Pr-Go-BiOX catalyst and a preparation method thereof, which are used for enhancing the activity of the BiOX photocatalyst in a rare earth doping and loading mode, selecting Pr as a proper rare earth doping element and Go as a conductor and synthesizing the ternary compound Pr-Go-BiOX photocatalyst by adopting a three-step method so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
A ternary compound Pr-Go-BiOX catalyst, wherein X is one of halogen elements Cl, Br and I, and Pr accounts for 0.25% -5% of the total mass of the catalyst.
The preparation method of the ternary compound Pr-Go-BiOX catalyst comprises the following steps:
preparation of BiOX: according to Bi: the molar ratio of X is 1: 1 Bi (NO) is weighed3)3·5H2O and a halogen-containing compound, first Bi (NO)3)3·5H2Placing O into a reaction liner containing ethylene glycol or isopropanol, heating to 30-50 ℃, stirring for 10-30min, adding a halogen-containing compound, stirring for 30-90min, transferring into a high-temperature reaction kettle, heating at the constant temperature of 80-240 ℃, reacting for 2-12h, naturally cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, performing suction filtration, collecting a product, alternately washing with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying filter residues in an oven at the temperature of 60-100 ℃ for 1-5h to obtain a product BiOX;
preparation of go-BiOX: mixing graphite oxide Go and the BiOX prepared in the step A, adding the mixture into a mixed solution of deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, ultrasonically dispersing for 0.5-3h, transferring the mixed solution into a reaction kettle, reacting for 2-16h at 60-240 ℃, filtering, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water in sequence, and drying for 2-5h at 50-100 ℃ to obtain Go-BiOX;
preparation of Pr-Go-BiOX: dissolving the Go-BiOX prepared in the step B in a mixture of isopropanol and ethylene glycol, and reacting with Pr (NO)3)3Mixing the solutions at a certain ratio, performing ultrasonic reaction for 0.5-3h, and centrifuging for 10-3 hAnd (3) after 0min, drying the solid precipitate at the constant temperature of 50-100 ℃ for 2-5h to obtain the Pr-Go-BiOX catalyst.
In the step B, the graphite oxide Go accounts for 2.5 to 10 percent of the total mass of the Go-BiOX catalyst.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, as the graphene has a hydrophobic surface and a large specific surface area, adjacent atoms are lacked around surface atoms, the graphene has unsaturation property, is easy to combine with other atoms to tend to be stable, and has great chemical activity, so that the graphene has strong adsorption capacity and large adsorption capacity, is an ideal adsorption material, compounds the graphene with excellent characteristics with BiOX, and is more beneficial to improving the properties of the catalyst;
2. according to the invention, rare earth elements are adopted to dope the Go-BiOX photocatalyst, and because the rare earth elements have a plurality of unfilled d or f orbits, a new impurity level can be introduced into the photocatalyst, and the introduced impurity level can reduce the recombination rate of photon-generated carriers by capturing photon-generated electrons, so that the photocatalytic activity is improved;
3. the ternary compound Pr-Go-BiOX photocatalyst quickly realizes the separation of photoproduction electrons and holes under the irradiation of visible light, can efficiently degrade organic pollutants, and has the degradation rate higher than 90 percent in 30min under the irradiation of the visible light.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments.
Examples
A ternary compound Pr-Go-BiOX catalyst, wherein X is one of halogen elements Cl, Br and I, and Pr accounts for 0.25% -5% of the total mass of the catalyst.
The preparation method of the ternary compound Pr-Go-BiOX catalyst comprises the following steps:
preparation of BiOX: according to Bi: the molar ratio of X (X is Cl, Br and I) is 1: 1 Bi (NO) is weighed3)3·5H2O and containingA halogen element compound, first Bi (NO)3)3·5H2Placing O into a reaction liner containing ethylene glycol or isopropanol, heating to a certain temperature (30, 40 and 50 ℃ are respectively considered in tests), stirring for a period of time (10, 20 and 30min are respectively considered in tests), adding a halogen-containing element compound, stirring for a period of time (30, 60 and 90min are respectively considered in tests), moving into a high-temperature reaction kettle, heating at constant temperature (80, 160 and 240 ℃ are respectively considered in tests) for a period of time (2, 6 and 12h are respectively considered in tests), naturally cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, performing suction filtration, collecting a product, alternately washing with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, drying filter residues in an oven (60, 80 and 100 ℃ are respectively considered in tests) for a period of time (1, 3 and 5h are respectively considered in tests), and obtaining the BiOX.
Under the above various experimental conditions, a BiOX with the best performance is selected, and the statistics of the results of orthogonal experiments for preparing the BiOX catalyst are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 orthogonal experimental record table for BiOX preparation
Considering the factors of energy consumption, bismuth nitrate solvent temperature, dissolving time, mixing time, reaction time, drying time and the like comprehensively, the optimal BiOX preparation reaction conditions are preferably as follows: the dissolving temperature and time of bismuth nitrate are respectively 40 ℃ and 30min, the mixing time of bismuth nitrate and a halogen element-containing compound is 30min, the reaction temperature is 160 ℃, the reaction time is 12h, the drying temperature is 80 ℃, and the drying time is 1h, so that the BiOX prepared under the conditions has the highest photocatalytic performance.
Preparation of go-BiOX: graphite oxide (Go) accounts for 2.5% -10% of the total mass of the Go-BiOX catalyst (tests respectively consider wt 2.5%, 5% and 10%), and the balance is BiOX, the graphite oxide (Go) and the BiOX prepared in the step A are mixed and added into a mixed solution of deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 0.5-3h (tests respectively consider 0.5, 1 and 3h), then the mixed solution is transferred into a reaction kettle to react for 2-16h (tests respectively consider 2, 10 and 16h) at 60-240 ℃ (tests respectively consider 60, 180 and 240 ℃), then filtration is carried out, absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water are sequentially used for washing, drying is carried out for 2-5h (tests respectively consider 2, 3 and 5h) at 50-100 ℃ (tests respectively consider 50, 80 and 100 ℃), and then Go-BiOX is obtained;
the test method is the same as the orthogonal experimental method of BiOX, and the optimal preparation reaction conditions of Go-BiOX are preferably as follows: the mass ratio of Go in the Go-BiOX catalyst is 2.5%, ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 1h, the reaction temperature is 180 ℃, the reaction time is 10h, the drying temperature is 80 ℃, and the drying time is 2h, so that the Go-BiOX photocatalyst prepared under the conditions has the highest photocatalytic performance.
Preparation of Pr-Go-BiOX: dissolving the Go-BiOX prepared in the step B in a mixture of isopropanol and ethylene glycol according to the condition that Pr accounts for 0.25% -5% of the total mass of the Pr-Go-BiOX catalyst (tests respectively look at wt 0.25%, wt 2% and wt 5%), and reacting with Pr (NO)3)3Mixing the solutions according to a certain proportion, carrying out ultrasonic reaction for 0.5-3h (tests respectively consider 0.5, 1 and 3h), transferring the mixed solution into a reaction kettle for reaction for 1-5h (tests respectively consider 1, 3 and 5h) at 50-80 ℃ (tests respectively consider 50, 60 and 80 ℃), then carrying out centrifugal separation for 10-30min (tests respectively consider 10, 20 and 30min), and drying the solid precipitate for 2-5h (tests respectively consider 2, 3 and 5h) at 50-100 ℃ (tests respectively consider 50, 70 and 100 ℃) to obtain the Pr-Go-BiOX catalyst.
The test method is the same as the orthogonal experimental method of BiOX, and the optimal preparation reaction conditions of Pr-Go-BiOX are preferably as follows: the mass ratio of Pr in the Pr-Go-BiOX catalyst is 2%, ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 0.5h, the reaction temperature is 60 ℃, the reaction time is 3h, centrifugal separation is carried out for 10min, the drying temperature is 70 ℃, and the drying time is 2h, so that the Pr-Go-BiOX prepared under the condition has the highest photocatalytic performance.
Degradation experiments
Dispersing 0.2g of Pr-Go-BiOX catalyst into 50mL of 100mg/L RhB solution, placing the reaction system in a photochemical reaction instrument, stirring in the dark for adsorption, stirring in the dark for 30min to reach adsorption and desorption balance, irradiating by using a 300W mercury lamp, starting timing, taking samples every 10min, measuring the absorbance of the supernatant at the position of lambda being 550nm, and calculating the degradation rate. The degradation rate was calculated as follows:
according to Lambert-beer's law, the absorbance is converted into concentration, the concentration change of RhB before and after illumination and the degradation rate thereof (see the following formula) are calculated, and the photocatalytic activity of Pr-Go-BiOX is evaluated.
η=[(C0-Ct)/C0)×100%
In the formula: eta is the degradation rate of RhB, C0Concentration of RhB solution before light irradiation, CtConcentration of RhB solution after light irradiation.
The above description is only exemplary of the invention, and any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the invention should be included in the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A ternary complex Pr-Go-BiOX catalyst is characterized in that X is one of halogen elements Cl, Br and I, wherein Pr accounts for 0.25% -5% of the total mass of the catalyst.
2. A method for preparing the ternary complex Pr-Go-BiOX catalyst of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
preparation of BiOX: according to Bi: the molar ratio of X is 1: 1 Bi (NO) is weighed3)3·5H2O and a halogen-containing compound, first Bi (NO)3)3·5H2Placing O into a reaction liner containing ethylene glycol or isopropanol, heating to 30-50 ℃, stirring for 10-30min, adding a halogen-containing compound, stirring for 30-90min, transferring into a high-temperature reaction kettle, heating at the constant temperature of 80-240 ℃, reacting for 2-12h, naturally cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, performing suction filtration, collecting a product, alternately washing with deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying filter residues in an oven at the temperature of 60-100 ℃ for 1-5h to obtain a product BiOX;
preparation of go-BiOX: mixing graphite oxide Go and the BiOX prepared in the step A, adding the mixture into a mixed solution of deionized water and absolute ethyl alcohol, ultrasonically dispersing for 0.5-3h, transferring the mixed solution into a reaction kettle, reacting for 2-16h at 60-240 ℃, filtering, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol and distilled water in sequence, and drying for 2-5h at 50-100 ℃ to obtain Go-BiOX;
preparation of Pr-Go-BiOX: dissolving the Go-BiOX prepared in the step B in a mixture of isopropanol and ethylene glycol, and reacting with Pr (NO)3)3Mixing the solutions according to a certain proportion, carrying out ultrasonic reaction for 0.5-3h, then carrying out centrifugal separation for 10-30min, and drying the solid precipitate at a constant temperature of 50-100 ℃ for 2-5h to obtain the Pr-Go-BiOX catalyst.
3. The method for preparing the ternary complex Pr-Go-BiOX catalyst according to claim 2, wherein: in the step B, the graphite oxide Go accounts for 2.5 to 10 percent of the total mass of the Go-BiOX catalyst.
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