CN113993348B - Self-energy-taking device and method for SiC device of hybrid direct current breaker and application - Google Patents

Self-energy-taking device and method for SiC device of hybrid direct current breaker and application Download PDF

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CN113993348B
CN113993348B CN202111244976.XA CN202111244976A CN113993348B CN 113993348 B CN113993348 B CN 113993348B CN 202111244976 A CN202111244976 A CN 202111244976A CN 113993348 B CN113993348 B CN 113993348B
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module
thermocouple
power device
sic
energy
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CN113993348A (en
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齐磊
柴宛彤
张翔宇
詹良涛
刘珂鑫
张午宇
李伟
宋中建
谢文刚
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North China Electric Power University
Shandong Taikai High Volt Switchgear Co Ltd
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North China Electric Power University
Shandong Taikai High Volt Switchgear Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • H05K7/2039—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating characterised by the heat transfer by conduction from the heat generating element to a dissipating body
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H02N11/00—Generators or motors not provided for elsewhere; Alleged perpetua mobilia obtained by electric or magnetic means
    • H02N11/002—Generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00—Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating
    • H05K7/20009—Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating using a gaseous coolant in electronic enclosures
    • H05K7/20136—Forced ventilation, e.g. by fans
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]

Abstract

The self-energy-taking device, the self-energy-taking method and the self-energy-taking application of the hybrid direct current circuit breaker SiC device comprise a SiC power device module, a SiC power device radiator, a thermocouple and a radiator thereof, a boosting voltage stabilizing circuit module, a driving module and a battery energy supply module; a battery energy supply module is used for supplying energy to the SiC power device module, the driving module and the boosting and voltage stabilizing circuit; the SiC power device module is tightly attached to the SiC power device radiator through heat dissipation glue, one end of the thermocouple is arranged on the SiC power device radiator, and the other end of the thermocouple is tightly attached to the radiator; the voltage output end of the thermocouple is connected with the voltage boosting and stabilizing circuit module, the voltage boosting and stabilizing circuit boosts the electric quantity emitted by the thermocouple to supply energy to the driving system, and the battery energy supply module is cut off after self-energy supply is achieved. The invention has simple structure, low cost and high reliability, and solves the problem of energy extraction at the secondary side of the existing direct current breaker.

Description

Self-energy-taking device and method for hybrid direct current breaker SiC device and application
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of flexible direct current power transmission, and particularly relates to a self-energy-taking device and method for a hybrid direct current breaker SiC device and application.
Background
The novel power system mainly based on new energy has higher requirements on the safety, reliability, controllability and flexibility of a power grid, and the application of flexible direct-current power transmission equipment in the power grid in the future is increasingly wide. The direct current breaker is important switch equipment for bearing and breaking normal current and various fault currents of a direct current operation loop in a power transmission line. The direct current circuit breaker adopts a power electronic device as a main switch element, has the advantages of high action speed, high reliability, strong controllability, no sound, no cut-off electric arc and the like, can obviously improve the reliability of a direct current power system, and has wide application prospect in the aspects of clean energy power generation, direct current systems for offshore power supply and the like. The hybrid circuit breaker combines a quick mechanical switch and a power electronic device, has higher opening speed and lower on-state loss, and is the main direction of research of the direct current circuit breaker in recent years.
The hybrid direct current circuit breaker is composed of a main branch, an auxiliary branch and an energy absorption branch. The main branch is generally composed of a mechanical switch and a power semiconductor device, the auxiliary branch is also called a current transfer branch and is generally composed of a power electronic semiconductor device, and the energy absorption branch is generally composed of an MOA. The working principle is as follows: in the on-state condition, current flows from the main branch, the on-state loss is small because the main branch is a mechanical switch and a small number of power electronic devices, when a fault occurs, the power electronic devices of the auxiliary branch are switched on, the fault current is transferred from the main branch to the auxiliary branch, the mechanical switch of the main branch is switched off, then the power electronic devices of the auxiliary branch are switched off, the current is transferred from the auxiliary branch to the energy absorption branch, the MOA absorbs the residual energy of the direct current system, and the fault current is cut off.
In a hybrid dc circuit breaker, whether a large number of series-connected power electronic switches or mechanical switches, an energy supply system is required to provide stable and reliable electrical energy to the drive unit at high potential. The existing research shows that the internal capacitor of the circuit breaker has no charge for a long time under the working condition of the circuit breaker, and the power electronic switch in the existing direct current circuit breaker can not directly obtain energy from the internal high potential of the circuit breaker due to the limitation of the special working condition. The existing direct current breaker energy supply system can only supply energy from the ground through an isolation transformer, and the energy supply mode has a complex structure and high cost. At present, a method for directly taking energy from the interior of the circuit breaker is not provided. In addition, the problem of direct current heat generation still exists when the power electronic device in the auxiliary current conversion module of the main branch is in current circulation during the working period of the circuit breaker, and the device adopted by the current flexible direct current equipment is mainly a silicon-based device, so that the working temperature is strictly controlled, and the development of a hybrid circuit breaker is limited. Compared with Si, SiC has the obvious advantages of high energy band, high thermal conductivity, high switching speed, low on-resistance and the like, has stronger high-temperature tolerance capability, and can bear higher junction temperature by adopting the SiC-based power device as a power electronic switching device of the direct-current circuit breaker.
The high-temperature tolerance of the SiC power device enables the SiC power device to bear the high temperature generated by long-term through-flow of the power electronic device of the main branch of the circuit breaker, the heat is mainly dissipated by a radiator, and the energy is not utilized. The thermocouple can directly convert heat energy into electric energy, and the working principle of the thermocouple is that temperature difference is formed between two ends of the thermocouple, so that direct-current voltage is generated to output electric energy. The all-solid-state energy conversion mode directly converts heat energy into electric energy, has the advantages of small volume, light weight, no vibration, no noise, long service life and the like, and has wide application prospect in the aspect of industrial waste heat or waste heat utilization. Therefore, the method of thermoelectric power generation can be utilized to convert heat generated by the SiC-based power electronic device of the main branch of the circuit breaker into electric energy, so that energy is provided for a device driving circuit, and the device driving circuit can be used as a backup of a conventional energy supply mode so as to improve the overall reliability of the device.
In a hybrid dc circuit breaker, whether a large number of series-connected power electronic switches or mechanical switches, an energy supply system is required to provide stable and reliable electrical energy to the power electronic device driving unit which is at a high potential. The existing research shows that the internal capacitor of the circuit breaker has no charge for a long time under the working condition of the circuit breaker, and the power electronic switch in the existing direct current circuit breaker can not directly obtain energy from the internal high potential of the circuit breaker due to the limitation of the special working condition. The existing direct current breaker energy supply system can only supply energy from the ground through an isolation transformer, and the energy supply mode has a complex structure and high cost. If the silicon carbide device capable of resisting the high temperature of more than 200 ℃ is used in the main branch of the direct current circuit breaker, the high temperature difference between the device and the environment can be utilized to generate electricity for the high-potential driving board card to obtain energy, the energy obtaining mode can directly obtain energy from the inside of the circuit breaker, the defects of the existing energy supply mode are overcome, the manufacturing cost and the operation and maintenance cost of equipment are greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the operation reliability of the circuit breaker is greatly improved.
In addition, the prior art is as in chinese patent application, the application numbers of which are: CN2019107778721, publication No. CN 110429562A, discloses a hybrid high-voltage dc circuit breaker based on a normal SIC device and a control method thereof, including a current branch, a transfer branch, an energy absorption branch and a control system; the through-current branch, the transfer branch and the energy absorption branch are connected in parallel between a node A at the output end of the power supply system and a node B in front of a load; the through-flow branch comprises a quick mechanical switch and an auxiliary SIC full-control power switch which are sequentially connected between AB nodes; the transfer branch comprises a normal-open SIC power device high-voltage switch; the energy absorption branch comprises a metal oxide variable resistor; the control system comprises a direct current detection module, a drive circuit module and a control circuit module; the direct current detection module comprises a direct current sampling sensor and a voltage comparator, the voltage comparator compares a sampling signal of the direct current sampling sensor with a reference voltage to output high and low levels, and the control circuit module judges different working states of the circuit breaker according to the high and low levels output by the direct current detection module and sends signals to the drive circuit module; the driving circuit module generates driving voltage which enables the circuit breaker to work in different working states according to the signals output by the control circuit module, and the driving voltage is loaded on the grid electrode of the SIC MOSFET in the high-voltage switch of the normally-on SIC power device. Application No.: CN201610551804x, publication No.: CN 106159882A discloses a solid-state dc circuit breaker based on SiC MOSFET and its control method, which includes a SiC dc solid-state circuit breaker, a first power terminal, a second power terminal, a hybrid switch and a control system, where the SiC dc solid-state circuit breaker includes a damping branch, a commutation branch and a high-voltage SiC MOSFET switch, the first power terminal is connected with the second power terminal sequentially through the damping branch, the high-voltage SiC MOSFET switch and the commutation branch, two ends of the hybrid switch are respectively connected with the first power terminal and the second power terminal, and an output end of the control system is connected with a control end of the commutation branch and a control end of the hybrid switch.
However, the above prior art can not achieve self energy taking to meet the requirement, can not achieve energy supply through a high-potential driving board of a power electronic switch device, solves the problem of secondary energy supply of the direct-current circuit breaker, increases the equipment manufacturing and operation and maintenance costs, and reduces the operation reliability of the circuit breaker.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the SiC device self-energy taking method for the hybrid direct current breaker based on semiconductor temperature difference power generation, heat generated by long-term through flow of the power electronic switching device of the main branch of the direct current breaker is converted into electric energy by utilizing thermocouple temperature difference power generation, and the high-potential driving board card of the power electronic switching device is supplied with energy, so that the problem of secondary energy supply of the direct current breaker is solved, the equipment manufacturing and operation and maintenance costs are greatly reduced, and the operation reliability of the breaker is improved.
The invention provides a SiC device self-energy-taking device and a method thereof for a hybrid direct current breaker, wherein the SiC device is driven by a direct current breaker power electronic switch through thermocouple temperature difference power generation, the problem of energy taking of a secondary side of a direct current breaker driving system is solved, the equipment manufacturing and operation and maintenance costs are greatly reduced, and the operation reliability of the breaker is greatly improved.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a SiC device self-energy-taking device for a hybrid direct current breaker comprises a SiC power device module, a SiC power device radiator, a thermocouple and a radiator thereof, a boosting voltage stabilizing circuit module, a driving module and a battery energy supply module; the energy-saving control system is characterized in that the battery energy supply module supplies energy to the SiC power device module; the SiC power device module is tightly attached to the SiC power device radiator through heat dissipation glue, one end of the thermocouple is arranged on the SiC power device radiator, and the other end of the thermocouple is tightly attached to the radiator; the voltage output end of the thermocouple is connected with the voltage boosting and stabilizing circuit module, the voltage boosting and stabilizing circuit boosts the electric quantity emitted by the thermocouple to supply energy to the driving system, and the battery energy supply module is cut off after self-energy supply is achieved.
Preferably, the following components are used: the boost voltage stabilizing circuit module comprises four boost voltage stabilizing circuits connected in series, the boost voltage stabilizing circuit consists of a boost voltage stabilizing chip, a capacitor and an inductor, and can boost the voltage to a stable 5V voltage; the input end of the boost voltage stabilizing circuit module is connected with the voltage output end of the thermocouple, and each thermocouple is connected with the boost voltage stabilizing circuit; the output end of the boost voltage stabilizing circuit module is connected with the input end of the driving module.
Preferably, the following components are used: the driving module consists of a substrate and a grid driver, wherein the substrate comprises an optical fiber transceiver; the gate driver includes device protection functions that can be configured by a user to optimize operation in the end application power stack.
The invention also discloses a self-energy-taking method of the SiC power device for the hybrid direct current breaker, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: a battery energy supply module is adopted for carrying out initial energy supply on a driving module, and the SiC power device module is driven to produce heat through flow for a long time;
step two: the SiC power device module is placed on the SiC power device radiator and tightly attached to the SiC power device radiator, and the temperature of the SiC power device radiator is increased along with the temperature increase of the SiC power device module; building a mathematical model;
step three: starting a fan of a cold end radiator of the thermocouple to ensure that the cold end of the fan has a lower temperature, placing the hot end of the thermocouple on the SiC power device radiator, and generating direct-current voltage by obtaining temperature difference at two ends of the thermocouple along with the temperature rise of the hot end radiator;
step four: the output end of each thermocouple is connected with a boost voltage stabilizing circuit module, each thermocouple is boosted to 5V by the boost voltage stabilizing circuit, 4 boost voltage stabilizing circuits are connected in series to form the boost voltage stabilizing circuit module, and finally the boost voltage stabilizing circuit module outputs stable 20V voltage;
step five: the voltage boosting and stabilizing circuit module is connected with the drive energy supply port and supplies energy for driving;
step six: and the power supply module is disconnected to realize self energy taking.
The invention also discloses a hybrid direct current breaker, which is characterized in that: the SiC device self-energy-taking device for the hybrid direct current breaker comprises the SiC device self-energy-taking device.
The invention also discloses a main branch solid-state switch in the high-voltage high-capacity hybrid direct-current circuit breaker, which applies the self-energy-taking method of the hybrid direct-current circuit breaker SiC device in the field of flexible direct-current transmission.
Has the advantages that: the invention has simple structure, low cost and high reliability, and solves the problem of energy extraction at the secondary side of the existing direct current breaker.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a SiC device self-energy-taking method for a hybrid direct current breaker based on thermoelectric power generation;
FIG. 2a is a schematic view of a thermocouple structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a schematic diagram of the equivalent circuit of the hot couple of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a boost voltage regulator circuit;
FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of a self-energy-extracting scheme of a SiC device;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a SiC device heat spreader;
FIG. 6 is a graph of temperature versus time for a SiC device and a thermocouple;
FIG. 7 shows the output voltage of the thermocouple as a function of temperature difference.
Detailed Description
We first refer to several prior art techniques, such as patent application nos.: CN2019206314072 discloses a dc circuit breaker, which is applied to the technical field of low-voltage electrical appliances, and the designed electric heating element is used for generating electricity to control the circuit breaker to be switched on and off.
Patent CN2019112197687 discloses a power supply for a power device in an electrical apparatus and an electrical apparatus, the invention is applied in the technical field of electrical apparatuses, and the electrical apparatus includes an air conditioner or a refrigerator, and in addition, a heat collecting module and a cold end providing module are required.
Patent CN2019106744272 discloses a data transmission control system of a circuit breaker, the operating system provided by the document utilizes a small amount of heat energy of a shell of the circuit breaker to generate power, and supplies power to a storage battery together with solar power generation, while the invention utilizes the high temperature of more than 200 ℃ generated by a SiC device to supply power to a drive.
In summary, the prior art is different from the technical problems to be solved by the present invention, and a person skilled in the art cannot unambiguously design the technical solution of the present invention according to the above prior art, that is, the above technical solution cannot give any technical hint, and apply it to the present invention to obtain the technical solution of the present invention, so as to solve the technical problems to be solved by the present invention.
The invention provides a SiC device self-energy-taking device and a method thereof for a hybrid direct-current breaker, wherein the drive self-energy taking of a solid-state switch SiC device of the direct-current breaker is realized through thermocouple thermoelectric generation, the problem of secondary side energy taking of a direct-current breaker drive system is solved, the equipment manufacturing and operation and maintenance cost is greatly reduced, and the operation reliability of the breaker is greatly improved.
The invention is applied to a main branch solid-state switch in a high-voltage high-capacity hybrid direct-current circuit breaker in the field of flexible direct-current transmission, the solid-state switch of the main branch of the hybrid direct-current circuit breaker generates heat in a long-term through-flow mode, and meanwhile, the solid-state switch needs to be driven and controlled to be switched on and off, so that driving energy cannot be directly supplied from the circuit breaker, and only can be obtained from the ground through an isolation transformer. The proposed inventive solution can effectively solve this problem.
At present, the maximum voltage of the silicon-based insulated gate bipolar transistor is 6.5kV, and the silicon-based insulated gate bipolar transistor is close to the physical limit. Meanwhile, the silicon material is not suitable for the high temperature field due to the temperature characteristic of the silicon material. The silicon carbide power device has the advantages of high voltage resistance level, strong through-current capability, high working frequency, low switching loss and the like, and is suitable for application occasions of high voltage, high temperature, high frequency and the like. The devices adopted by the current flexible direct current equipment are mainly silicon-based devices, the working temperature is strictly controlled (not more than 120 ℃), and a water cooling system is usually required to be arranged to ensure that the junction temperature of the devices does not exceed a specified range. The silicon-based device has lower working allowable temperature, the silicon-based power device can provide less temperature difference under the working condition of the direct current breaker, and the solid-state switch cannot be driven to supply energy by using a temperature difference power generation method.
The SiC power device is used as the solid-state switch of the hybrid direct-current circuit breaker, the working allowable temperature of the SiC-based device reaches more than 200 ℃, and higher temperature difference can be provided. In the future, if a high-voltage silicon carbide device is widely applied to a power grid and can fully exert the advantage of high temperature resistance, the size and the weight of direct-current power transmission equipment can be greatly reduced, the loss is reduced, the reliability is improved, and the innovation and the technical progress of novel power system equipment can be brought.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the SiC device self-energy-taking device for the hybrid direct current breaker comprises a SiC power device module, a SiC power device radiator, a thermocouple and a radiator thereof, a boosting voltage stabilizing circuit module, a driving module and a battery energy supply module. The method is characterized in that a battery function module is used for supplying energy to a SiC power device driving module, the SiC power device generates heat through long-term through flow, the SiC power device module is tightly attached to a SiC power device radiator, a thermocouple is placed on the SiC power device radiator, the other end of the thermocouple is tightly attached to the radiator, the thermocouple generates electricity through high temperature difference generated by long-term through flow of the SiC power device, the voltage output end of the thermocouple is connected with a boost voltage stabilizing circuit module, the boost voltage stabilizing circuit increases the electric quantity generated by the thermocouple to supply energy to a driving system, and the energy supply of the battery is cut off after self-energy supply is achieved.
The SiC power device radiator needs to be provided with a SiC power device and a thermocouple, the close fit between the device and the radiator needs to be ensured, and the design of the number of fins of the radiator needs to meet the heat dissipation requirement of the device as far as possible. In addition, in order to ensure the heat dissipation effect of the SiC power device, a heat pipe is laid in the radiator.
The thermocouple is internally formed by connecting a plurality of semiconductor pairs consisting of N-type and P-type semiconductors in series, the upper surface and the lower surface of the thermocouple are packaged by ceramics, and when the temperature difference exists between the upper surface and the lower surface of the thermocouple, direct current voltage is output. The cold end of the thermocouple needs to be tightly attached to the radiator, and the number of fins of the radiator needs to meet the requirement for heat dissipation of the cold end of the thermocouple as far as possible.
The boost voltage stabilizing circuit module is formed by connecting four boost voltage stabilizing circuits in series, the boost voltage stabilizing circuit consists of a boost voltage stabilizing chip and a capacitor inductor, the voltage can be boosted to a stable 5V voltage, the input end of the module is connected with the voltage output end of a thermocouple, each thermocouple is required to be connected with the boost voltage stabilizing circuit, and the output end of the module is connected with the driving input end to supply energy for driving.
The driver module consists of a substrate containing the fiber optic transceiver and a gate driver containing the protection functions of the device that can be configured by the user to optimize operation in the end application power stack.
The self-energy-taking method of the SiC device for the hybrid direct current breaker comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: a battery energy supply module is adopted for carrying out initial energy supply on a driving module, and the SiC power device module is driven to produce heat through flow for a long time;
step two: the SiC power device module is placed on the SiC power device radiator and is tightly attached to the SiC power device radiator, and the temperature of the SiC power device radiator is increased along with the temperature increase of the SiC power device module. A calculation model is built according to the whole structure of the designed SiC power device self-energy-taking scheme, the model comprises the coupling of a fluid field and a temperature field, and the control equation is as follows:
Figure BDA0003320536620000101
Figure BDA0003320536620000102
where ρ and C p K is the thermal conductivity coefficient, and k is the material density and the constant pressure heat capacity. The lower diagram is SiCThe temperature of the power device module and the temperature of the two sides of the thermocouple change along with the time, and it can be seen that the temperature of the two sides of the thermocouple gradually rises along with the temperature rise of the SiC power device module, and the temperature difference gradually increases.
Step three: and starting a small fan of the thermocouple cold-end radiator, performing forced air cooling to ensure that the cold end has a lower temperature, placing the thermocouple hot end on the SiC power device radiator, and generating direct-current voltage by obtaining temperature difference at two ends of the thermocouple along with the temperature rise of the hot-end SiC power device radiator.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a thermocouple single-thermocouple model, and heat is transferred from a high-temperature heat source to a lower plate when the thermocouple works, so that high-temperature and low-temperature junctions of an n-type semiconductor and a p-type semiconductor are formed. The hot junction temperature of the semiconductor is T 1 Heat from hot junction to T 2 The cold junction of temperatures transfers heat to generate an electric current. The heat transfer through the hot and cold junctions is as follows:
Figure BDA0003320536620000111
Figure BDA0003320536620000112
in the formula: q H The unit is the heat absorbed by the hot end of the temperature generator from a heat source: w; α is the seebeck coefficient of the semiconductor device, unit: V/W; t is a unit of 1 、T 2 Hot and cold end temperatures, unit: k; k is the total thermal conductivity of the semiconductor device, unit: W/K; i is loop current, unit: a; r is the internal resistance of the semiconductor device, and the unit is as follows: omega.
The current produced by the temperature difference between the hot and cold junctions is proportional to the seebeck effect and inversely proportional to the overall resistance of the circuit.
Figure BDA0003320536620000113
In the formula R L Is a loop load.
The useful power produced by the current can be expressed as:
P＝Q H -Q L ＝α(T 1 -T 2 )-I 2 R＝I 2 R L
the efficiency of the thermoelectric generator is:
Figure BDA0003320536620000114
there are approximately 120 pairs of actual thermocouples in series to increase the voltage to a useful level.
Step four: the output voltage of the thermocouple is in direct proportion to the temperature difference of two sides of the thermocouple, see the change condition of the output voltage of the thermocouple along with the temperature difference in figure 7;
the driving module needs external energy supply when working normally, and the energy of the driving module is provided by the battery energy supply module when working initially. The energy supply to the drive module needs to satisfy the input voltage: 18-36V, static input power: 1.1-1.7W, input power during normal operation: 3.5-6.1W. The output voltage and the power are gradually increased along with the increase of the temperature difference of the two sides of the thermocouple, and when the power emitted by the thermocouple meets the driving energy supply requirement, the battery energy supply module is disconnected, and the thermocouple generates power through the temperature difference to supply energy for driving.
When the temperature difference between two sides of a single thermocouple reaches 100 ℃, the output power reaches 0.6W, and the output voltage reaches 2.5V. The driving module of a single SiC power device is provided with 8 thermocouples, and the emitted power can meet the power requirement required by the driving module.
Because the output voltage of the thermocouple increases gradually along with the increase of the temperature difference of the two sides, the output voltage of the thermocouple cannot provide stable voltage for the driving module. The boost voltage stabilizing circuit module is formed by connecting four boost voltage stabilizing circuits in series, and each boost voltage stabilizing circuit can convert input voltage of 0.3-5.5V into stable 5V output voltage. Each thermocouple is connected with a boost voltage stabilizing circuit and can output 5V voltage, and a boost voltage stabilizing module formed by connecting 4 boost voltage stabilizing circuits in series can output 20V voltage and 2.4W power. The two voltage boosting and stabilizing modules are connected in parallel, so that 20V voltage and 4.8W power can be output, and the requirements for supplying energy to the driving module are completely met.
The output end of each thermocouple is connected with a boost voltage stabilizing circuit module, each thermocouple is boosted to 5V through the boost voltage stabilizing circuit, 4 boost voltage stabilizing circuits are connected in series to form the boost voltage stabilizing circuit module, and finally the boost voltage stabilizing circuit module outputs stable 20V voltage.
Step five: the voltage boosting and stabilizing circuit module is connected with the drive energy supply port and supplies energy for driving;
the driving module is directly connected with the SiC power device module, and the on-off of the SiC power device module is directly determined. The SiC power device module works in a long-term through-flow state, the driving module only needs to provide a long-term through-flow signal for the SiC power device module, and the driving module is in a static working state at the moment, so that the thermocouple only needs to meet the static power of the driving module when supplying energy to the driving module.
Step six: the power supply module is disconnected to realize self energy taking;
as shown in fig. 1, the self-energy-taking method of the invention is a self-energy-taking method of a SiC device in a power electronic switch in a hybrid direct current breaker by using thermoelectric power generation under a working condition of the hybrid direct current breaker, a battery function module is firstly used for supplying energy to a SiC power device driving module, the SiC power device module generates heat through long-term through-flow, the temperature of the SiC power device module is increased, high temperature difference is generated at two sides of a thermocouple placed on the surface of a heat sink of the SiC power device, the thermocouple generates power by using the high temperature difference, a voltage output end of the thermocouple is connected with a voltage boosting and stabilizing circuit module, the voltage boosting and stabilizing circuit boosts the power output of the thermocouple into energy supplied by the driving module, the driving module drives the SiC power device module, and finally the energy supplied by the battery module is cut off, so that the self-energy-taking of the thermoelectric power generation is realized.
Referring to fig. 2, a thermocouple structure used in the present invention is shown, in which a plurality of semiconductor pairs consisting of N-type and P-type semiconductors are connected in series inside the thermocouple, the semiconductors are connected in series by metal sheets, and the upper and lower surfaces are encapsulated by ceramics. The equivalent schematic diagram of the thermocouple pair is as follows.
As shown in FIG. 3, the voltage boosting and stabilizing circuit adopted by the present invention is formed by connecting a voltage boosting and stabilizing chip with model number TPS61202 and a capacitor inductor, wherein the inductor L1 is 2.2 μ H, and the capacitance values of the capacitors C1, C2 and C3 are 10 μ F, 0.1 μ F and 10 μ F respectively. The input voltage ranges from 0.3 to 5.5V, and the output voltage is a stable 5V voltage. The input end of the voltage boosting and stabilizing circuit is connected with the output end of the thermocouple, and the voltage generated by the thermocouple is boosted to 5V.
As shown in fig. 4, the whole structure configuration scheme of the self-energy-taking scheme of the invention is that the SiC power device module is placed on the SiC power device radiator, the SiC power device module is tightly attached to the SiC power device radiator, the thermocouple is placed on the SiC power device radiator, the other end of the thermocouple is tightly attached to the thermocouple cold-end radiator, and the small fan is placed on the thermocouple cold-end radiator.
As shown in fig. 5, the SiC power device heat sink structure adopted in the present invention is that heat pipes are laid on the contact surfaces of the heat sink, the SiC device and the thermocouple, and the heat pipe laying should maximize the heat distribution in the range of the heated body and be as uniform as possible.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (4)

1. The self-energy-taking device of the hybrid direct current circuit breaker SiC device comprises a SiC power device module, a SiC power device radiator, a thermocouple and a thermocouple cold end radiator thereof, a boosting and voltage stabilizing circuit module, a driving module and a battery energy supply module; the SiC power device module is characterized in that the driving module adopts a battery energy supply module to supply energy for the driving module initially, and drives the SiC power device module to generate heat through current for a long time; the SiC power device module is tightly attached to the SiC power device radiator through heat dissipation glue, the hot end of the thermocouple is placed on the SiC power device radiator, the cold end of the thermocouple is tightly attached to the cold end radiator, a small fan is placed on the cold end radiator of the thermocouple and used for forced air cooling to ensure that the cold end has a lower temperature, and the two ends of the thermocouple obtain a temperature difference along with the temperature rise of the SiC power device radiator at the hot end to generate direct-current voltage; the voltage output end of each thermocouple is connected with a voltage boosting and stabilizing circuit module, and the voltage boosting and stabilizing circuit module is used for boosting the voltage of the voltage output end of each thermocouple to a stable 5V output voltage to supply power to the driving module; the driving module is directly connected with the SiC power device module and directly determines the on-off of the SiC power device module; the SiC power device module works in a long-term through-flow state, the driving module only needs to give a long-pass signal to the SiC power device module, and the driving module is in a static working state at the moment; the thermocouple only needs to meet the static power of the driving module when supplying energy to the driving module; the boost voltage stabilizing circuit module comprises four boost voltage stabilizing circuits connected in series, the boost voltage stabilizing circuit consists of a boost voltage stabilizing chip, a capacitor and an inductor, and the boost voltage stabilizing circuit is used for boosting the voltage to a stable 5V voltage; the input end of the boost voltage stabilizing circuit module is connected with the voltage output end of the thermocouple, and each thermocouple is connected with the boost voltage stabilizing circuit; the output end of the boost voltage stabilizing circuit module is connected with the input end of the driving module, and the battery energy supply module is disconnected after self-energy supply is achieved.
2. The SiC device self-energizing device of a hybrid dc breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: the driving module consists of a substrate and a grid driver, wherein the substrate comprises an optical fiber transceiver; the gate driver includes device protection functions that can be configured by a user to optimize operation in the end application power stack.
3. A self-energizing method for a hybrid direct current breaker SiC device, comprising the self-energizing apparatus for a hybrid direct current breaker SiC device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps of,
the method comprises the following steps: the battery energy supply module is adopted for carrying out initial energy supply on the driving module, the driving module controls the conduction of the SiC power device module, current continuously flows through the SiC power device module from the main branch, and the SiC power device module generates heat through long-term through-flow;
step two: placing the SiC power device module on the SiC power device radiator to be tightly attached, wherein the temperature of the SiC power device radiator is increased along with the temperature increase of the SiC power device module; calculating the temperature change of the SiC power device module and the thermocouple along with time and the voltage output by thermoelectric conversion of the thermocouple by building a thermoelectric coupling mathematical model;
step three: starting a fan of a cold end radiator of the thermocouple to ensure that the cold end of the fan has a lower temperature, placing the hot end of the thermocouple on the SiC power device radiator, and generating direct-current voltage by obtaining temperature difference at two ends of the thermocouple along with the temperature rise of the SiC power device radiator at the hot end of the thermocouple;
step four: the output end of each thermocouple is connected with a boost voltage stabilizing circuit module, each thermocouple is boosted to 5V through the boost voltage stabilizing circuit, 4 boost voltage stabilizing circuits are connected in series to form the boost voltage stabilizing circuit module, and finally the boost voltage stabilizing circuit module outputs stable 20V voltage;
step five: the voltage boosting and stabilizing circuit module is connected with the driving energy supply port and supplies energy to the driving module;
step six: and the battery energy supply module is disconnected to realize self energy taking.
4. A hybrid dc circuit breaker, characterized by: self-energy-extracting device comprising a hybrid direct current breaker SiC device according to any of the preceding claims 1-2.
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