CN113993084B - Construction method of indoor and outdoor integrated electromagnetic simulation fingerprint library - Google Patents
Construction method of indoor and outdoor integrated electromagnetic simulation fingerprint library Download PDFInfo
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- CN113993084B CN113993084B CN202111153144.7A CN202111153144A CN113993084B CN 113993084 B CN113993084 B CN 113993084B CN 202111153144 A CN202111153144 A CN 202111153144A CN 113993084 B CN113993084 B CN 113993084B
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- H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
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Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method of an indoor and outdoor integrated electromagnetic simulation fingerprint database, which comprises the steps of firstly obtaining a vector building map file of a region to be detected; then calculating the coordinates of all points to be measured according to the expected measurement precision; selecting base stations which are actually distributed one by one, and calculating the signal intensity of all points to be measured under the working condition of a certain base station according to the leading path model; establishing a fingerprint database according to the signal intensity of each point to be measured to different base stations; and finally, correcting the fingerprint database by using the signal intensity values of all the base stations measured in the field. The invention creatively provides a method for constructing the fingerprint database by using the vector building map and the dominant path model, does not need to carry out a large amount of field measurement work, and can correct the result of the fingerprint database by adopting a small amount of measurement data, thereby greatly improving the construction efficiency; the fingerprint library can conveniently modify the calculation precision, construct points to be measured on a building vector map according to precision requirements, and complete the construction of the fingerprint library under the current precision requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of positioning, relates to construction and correction of a Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) fingerprint library, and particularly relates to a method for constructing an operator positioning electromagnetic simulation fingerprint library by using a dominant path model.
Background
Location technology was originally developed with enhanced 911 location requirements in the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) emergency services in the united states. Current and future wireless applications strongly depend on accurate real-time positioning. In the future era of intelligent internet of things, the requirement of the intelligent internet of things terminal on positioning accuracy is higher and higher, and the requirement is up to decimeter or even centimeter level.
Currently, a global satellite navigation system represented by a GPS and a beidou can provide positioning and navigation services in an outdoor open area, but because of signal shielding, the satellite navigation system cannot provide position services in an indoor area or an urban canyon area erected in a tall building. Meanwhile, other positioning means, such as Ultra-wideband (UWB), wi-Fi, bluetooth, laser, radar, vision, and other positioning technologies, are also difficult to provide general positioning services due to factors such as precision, cost, and scalability.
The positioning by using the communication network of the operator has universality which is not provided by the positioning means. From 1G to 4G, operator communication networks provide terminal positioning services, but the practical application is very limited, and the main bottleneck is that the positioning accuracy is low, and the application requirements cannot be met. Currently, commercial operator network positioning uses a neighboring cell number and a fingerprint database for comparison to perform positioning, and data of the fingerprint database is obtained by performing on-site measurement on a base station signal and a satellite signal of each point. The data acquisition mode is time-consuming and labor-consuming, the high point taking density cannot be achieved, and the outdoor measured signal intensity data is easily interfered by vehicles and other mobile facilities. In addition, because the positioning accuracy of the fingerprint database depends on the density of the sampling points, the positioning accuracy of the positioning by the fingerprint database obtained by manual measurement is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that the existing operator fingerprint library construction process is time-consuming, labor-consuming and low in precision, the invention provides a construction method of an indoor and outdoor integrated electromagnetic simulation fingerprint library, and the problems that manual measurement for constructing the fingerprint library is time-consuming, labor-consuming and low in positioning precision are solved.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for constructing an indoor and outdoor integrated electromagnetic simulation fingerprint library comprises the following steps:
(1) Obtaining a vector building map file of a region to be detected;
(2) Calculating coordinates of all points to be measured according to the measurement precision expected to be achieved;
(3) Selecting a base station of a region to be measured, and calculating the signal intensity of all points to be measured under the working condition of the base station according to the dominant path model;
(4) Selecting the next unused base station according to the actual base station distribution, and repeating the step (3) until all the base stations participate in the calculation;
(5) Establishing a fingerprint database according to the signal intensity of each point to be measured to different base stations;
(6) The fingerprint library is modified using the signal strength values of each base station measured in the field.
Furthermore, the expected measurement accuracy is reflected in the region to be measured as a grid point of the square region, the side length of the square is the measurement accuracy, and the grid points formed by all the squares are the points to be measured.
Further, in the step (3), the signal strength of the base station received by each point to be measured can be calculated by using a dominant path model according to the latitude and longitude coordinates, the carrier frequency, the antenna height and the transmission power information of the selected base station.
Further, in the step (3), the path loss is calculated for each point to be measured according to the following formula:
wherein, L is the path loss, and the unit is dB; λ is the electromagnetic wave wavelength; l is the distance from the base station to the point to be measured; p is the path loss exponent;
is a diffraction loss function representing the loss due to a change in propagation direction, i represents the ith direction of change on this propagation path, n is the total number of direction changes that occur on this propagation path, and ` H `>
The included angle between the original propagation path and the new propagation path is set; omega is the waveguide factor; if the transmission power of the base station is P t Then the signal strength prediction value of the base station is ^ greater than or equal to>
Further, the path loss exponent p and the measurement accuracy are adaptively adjusted according to the change of the environment: for an indoor area, improving the precision to ensure the resolution, setting the measurement precision to be 0.1m, and selecting a proper path loss index p, wherein p is 2.8; for the outdoor area, whether the area is a rural area or a city is judged by calculating the space density of the high-rise buildings, in the dense area of the high-rise buildings of the city, p is 2.4, the measurement precision is 0.5m, in the wide area of the sight line, p is 2.0, and the measurement precision is 2m.
Further, in the step (5), the predicted value of the received signal strength calculated for a certain base station by each point to be measured in the area to be measured is used as a column vector, the column vectors of the predicted values corresponding to each base station are combined into a matrix, each row of the matrix is the fingerprint of the corresponding point to be measured, and the matrix is the obtained fingerprint library.
Further, in the step (6), partial field measurement values are introduced to correct the deviation caused by the existence of gain and the like at the transmitting end and the receiving end.
Further, in the step (6), an average value of the difference between the measured value and the simulated value is calculated and is superimposed on the corresponding value of the fingerprint database, so that the fingerprint database is completely corrected.
The method of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
at present commercial location fingerprint storehouse is all surveyed in a large number on the spot, and what establish according to measured data again not only takes trouble hard, also leads to the monitoring point few because the measurement task is heavy, and positioning accuracy is low. Aiming at the problem, the invention creatively provides a method for constructing a fingerprint library by using a building vector map and a dominant path model. Compared with the traditional fingerprint library construction process, the method has the advantages that a large amount of field measurement work is not needed, the fingerprint library result can be corrected only by taking a small amount of measurement data, and the construction efficiency is greatly improved.
In addition, the traditional method is limited by the cost of time, manpower, material resources and the like, the high precision cannot be achieved, the precision is improved, the cost is obviously improved, the calculation precision can be conveniently modified, the point to be measured can be constructed on the building vector map according to the precision requirement, and the construction of the fingerprint library under the current precision requirement is completed.
Since the dominant path model focuses on the most dominant path between the base station and the terminal, the signal strength inside and around the building can be calculated, the dominant path model allows the conversion between outdoor and indoor scenes, and is very suitable for constructing an indoor-outdoor integrated electromagnetic simulation fingerprint library.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for constructing an indoor and outdoor integrated electromagnetic simulation fingerprint database according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of distribution of points to be measured in the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the attenuation of the actual channel and the ideal channel in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples, which should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for constructing an indoor and outdoor integrated electromagnetic simulation fingerprint library according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the method includes the following steps:
step 101: and obtaining a vector building map file of the area to be measured.
In step 101, the vector building map file may be downloaded by software such as Bigemap.
Step 102: and calculating the coordinates of all points to be measured according to the expected measurement precision.
In step 102, the measurement accuracy expected to be achieved is reflected in the area to be measured, which is the grid point of the square area. As shown in fig. 2, for example, if the measurement accuracy is 0.5m, a square is made in the region to be detected with a side length of 0.5m, and the grid point formed by all squares is the point to be detected. The map containing the outline information is only shown in fig. 2, and the method is also applicable to the indoor and outdoor integrated positioning fingerprint library construction containing the outline of the building and the internal structure of the building.
Step 103: and selecting a base station of the area to be measured, and calculating the signal intensity of all points to be measured under the working condition of the base station according to the dominant path model.
In step 103, according to the latitude and longitude coordinates, the carrier frequency, the antenna height, the transmission power and other parameter information of the selected base station, the signal strength of the base station received by each point to be measured can be calculated by using the dominant path model. And respectively calculating the path loss of each point to be measured according to the following formula:
wherein, L is the path loss, and the unit is dB; λ is the electromagnetic wave wavelength; l is the distance from the base station to the point to be measured; p is the path loss exponent;
is a diffraction loss function representing the loss due to a change in propagation direction, i represents the i-th change in direction on this propagation path, n is the total number of direction changes occurring on this propagation path, and>
the included angle between the original propagation path and the new propagation path is set; omega is the waveguide factor. If the transmission power of the base station is P t Then the signal strength prediction value of the base station is ^ greater than or equal to>
The path loss index p and the measurement precision can be adaptively adjusted according to the change of the environment: distinguishing indoor and outdoor by identifying whether structures such as roofs, walls and the like exist, improving the calculation precision to ensure the resolution ratio of an indoor area, for example, when the input precision is 0.5m, improving the measurement precision of the indoor area to 0.1m, and simultaneously selecting a proper path loss index p, for example, setting p to be 2.8; for the outdoor area, whether the area is a rural area or a city is judged by calculating the space density of the high-rise buildings, in the dense area of the high-rise buildings of the city, p is 2.4, the measurement precision is 0.5m, in the wide area of the sight line, p is 2.0, and the measurement precision is 2m.
Step 104: the next unused base station is selected based on the actual base station distribution and step 103 is repeated until all base stations are involved in the calculation.
Step 105: and establishing a fingerprint database according to the signal intensity of each point to be measured to different base stations.
In step 105, the predicted values of the received signal strength calculated for a certain base station at each point to be measured in the area to be measured are used as a column vector, the predicted value column vectors corresponding to N base stations are combined into a matrix, and each row of the matrix is the corresponding point to be measuredTaking table 1 as an example, the area to be measured has M points to be measured and N base stations, performing electromagnetic simulation on each base station to obtain a predicted value of the received signal strength of each point to be measured, and recording the signal strength as RSRP for the ith base station 1，i ，RSRP 2，i ，…，RSRP M，i And i ranges from 1 to N.
TABLE 1 example of electromagnetic simulation fingerprint library architecture
Step 106: the fingerprint library is modified with the signal strength values of each base station measured in the field.
In step 106, as shown in fig. 3, since the ideal channel is used in the simulation, and the actual channel is compared with the ideal channel, the transmission power and the receiving power are different from the nominal value under the influence of various factors, and the gains X and Y are superposed, the deviation needs to be corrected when matching the actual data with the simulated fingerprint database, for example, a terminal receives the BS at a certain position a 1 、BS 2 、BS 3 Respectively is RSRP A1 、RSRP A2 、RSRP A3 Receiving a base station BS at a certain position B 1 、BS 2 、BS 3 Respectively is RSRP B1 、RSRP B2 、RSRP B3 The signal intensities corresponding to the A, B positions in the fingerprint database are respectively RSRP A1 ′、RSRP A2 ′、RSRP A3 ′，RSRP B1 ′、RSRP B2 ′、RSRP B3 ' then, the average value of the difference values of the actual measurement and the simulation is superposed on the fingerprint database, namely the A point in the fingerprint database corresponds to the base station BS after the deviation correction 1 、BS 2 、BS 3 Respectively, are represented as
Point B is the same as that for point B, if it is everyIf the relative measured values of the base stations exceed two, the average value of the difference values of the measured values and the simulated values is calculated in the same way and is superposed on the corresponding numerical value of the fingerprint database. Theoretically, each base station need only be modified once.
Step 107: and outputting the fingerprint database.
In addition, the application also provides a server, which includes a processor and a memory, where the memory stores at least one instruction, at least one program, a code set, or a set of instructions, and the at least one instruction, the at least one program, the code set, or the set of instructions is loaded and executed by the processor to implement the steps in the method for constructing the indoor and outdoor integrated electromagnetic simulation fingerprint library.
The application also provides a computer-readable storage medium, in which at least one instruction, at least one program, a code set, or an instruction set is stored, and the at least one instruction, the at least one program, the code set, or the instruction set is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the steps in the method for constructing the indoor and outdoor integrated electromagnetic simulation fingerprint library.
The flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
The units or modules described in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented by software or hardware. The described units or modules may also be provided in a processor, for example, each of the described units may be a software program provided in a computer or a mobile intelligent device, or may be a separately configured hardware device. Wherein the designation of a unit or module does not in some way constitute a limitation of the unit or module itself.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the application and is illustrative of the principles of the technology employed. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the scope of the invention herein disclosed is not limited to the particular combination of features described above, but also encompasses other arrangements in which any combination of the above features or their equivalents is incorporated without departing from the spirit of the present application. For example, the above features and the technical features having similar functions disclosed in the present application are mutually replaced to form the technical solution.
Claims (6)
1. A method for constructing an indoor and outdoor integrated electromagnetic simulation fingerprint library is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Obtaining a vector building map file of a region to be detected;
(2) Calculating the coordinates of all points to be measured according to the expected measurement precision;
(3) Selecting a base station of a region to be measured, and calculating the signal intensity of the base station received by all points to be measured under the working condition of the base station according to a dominant path model based on the latitude and longitude coordinates, the carrier frequency, the antenna height and the transmitting power information of the selected base station; the formula for calculating the path loss for each point to be measured is as follows:
wherein, L is the path loss, and the unit is dB; λ is the electromagnetic wave wavelength; l isThe distance from the base station to the point to be measured; p is the path loss exponent;
which is a diffraction loss function, represents the loss due to the change of the propagation direction, i represents the i-th change direction on the propagation path, n is the total number of changes of direction on the propagation path,
the included angle between the original propagation path and the new propagation path is set; omega is the waveguide factor; if the transmission power of the base station is P t Then the signal strength of the base station is predicted to be
(4) Selecting the next unused base station according to the actual base station distribution, and repeating the step (3) until all the base stations participate in the calculation;
(5) Establishing a fingerprint database according to the signal intensity of each point to be measured to different base stations;
(6) The fingerprint library is modified using the signal strength values of each base station measured in the field.
2. The method for constructing the indoor and outdoor integrated electromagnetic simulation fingerprint library according to claim 1, wherein the expected measurement accuracy is reflected in the area to be measured as a grid point of a square area, the side length of the square is the measurement accuracy, and the grid points formed by all squares are the points to be measured.
3. The method for constructing the indoor and outdoor integrated electromagnetic simulation fingerprint database according to claim 1, wherein the path loss index p and the measurement accuracy are adaptively adjusted according to the change of the environment: for an indoor area, improving the precision to ensure the resolution, setting the measurement precision to be 0.1m, and selecting a proper path loss index p, wherein p is 2.8; for the outdoor area, whether the area is a rural area or a city is judged by calculating the space density of the high-rise buildings, in the dense area of the high-rise buildings of the city, p is 2.4, the measurement precision is 0.5m, in the wide area of the sight line, p is 2.0, and the measurement precision is 2m.
4. The method for constructing an indoor and outdoor integrated electromagnetic simulation fingerprint database as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the step (5), the predicted values of the received signal strength calculated for a certain base station from each point to be measured in the area to be measured are taken as a column vector, the column vectors of the predicted values corresponding to each base station are merged into a matrix, each row of the matrix is the fingerprint corresponding to the point to be measured, and the matrix is the obtained fingerprint database.
5. The method for constructing an indoor and outdoor integrated electromagnetic simulation fingerprint database as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the step (6), partial field measurement values are introduced to correct the deviation caused by the gain factor existing at the transmitting end and the receiving end.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, wherein in step (6), the average of the difference between the measured value and the simulated value is calculated and superimposed on the corresponding value of the fingerprint database, so as to modify the fingerprint database.
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