CN113992478A - Communication method and Internet of things system - Google Patents
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- CN113992478A CN113992478A CN202111149951.1A CN202111149951A CN113992478A CN 113992478 A CN113992478 A CN 113992478A CN 202111149951 A CN202111149951 A CN 202111149951A CN 113992478 A CN113992478 A CN 113992478A
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 206010063385 Intellectualisation Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L12/00—Data switching networks
- H04L12/66—Arrangements for connecting between networks having differing types of switching systems, e.g. gateways
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
- H04L67/01—Protocols
- H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/08—Protocols for interworking; Protocol conversion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
- H04L69/26—Special purpose or proprietary protocols or architectures
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of communication and discloses a communication method, which relates to a gateway, a cloud platform and a controller; the gateway is loaded with a general APP and a plurality of controllers APP; each controller APP is in communication connection with a type of controller; the controller APP acquires data from the controller and sends the data to the general APP; and the general APP converts the data into a protocol-adaptive data format of the cloud platform and sends the protocol-adaptive data format to the cloud platform. In order to meet the requirements of clients for different cloud platforms in the intelligent gateway equipment, development workload is properly reduced, a connection function with the cloud platforms is realized, a lower end controller collects data and reports the data to the cloud platform function, the cloud platform issues the data to control the lower end controller function, an application program can be rapidly provided for the clients to perform function testing, the competitiveness of intelligent gateway products is enhanced, and a universal application program is developed to realize the requirements of different clients for different cloud platforms.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of communication, in particular to a communication method and an Internet of things system.
Background
In recent years, industrial intellectualization becomes an important direction for technology and industry development, industrial internet of things really achieve intellectualization and need to rely on various services provided by a cloud platform, and an intelligent gateway is an intermediate bridge for realizing a lower-end controller and an upper-end cloud platform. The industrial field is characterized in that product requirements are diversified and personalized, a cloud platform suitable for cloud platform or self-developed is selected according to service requirements, and the current large cloud platforms comprise cloud platforms such as Baidu cloud, Huacheng cloud, Tencent cloud, Ali cloud, Azure, AWS and the like. The gateway device has great difference in connection establishment with the cloud platform and communication protocols, and has diversity in communication protocols with the controller, so that gateway manufacturers generally customize and develop application programs for customers to meet requirements. The customized application program has the problems of low universality and more application program types, which inevitably causes more manpower for the development and maintenance of the application program. If the customer docks a new cloud platform, learns the connection mode of the cloud platform and redevelops the application program to adapt to the new cloud platform, the problem that feedback to the customer is slow may exist. These problems have an impact on the competitiveness of intelligent gateway products in society.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a communication method, in order to meet the requirements of clients for different cloud platforms, development workload is properly reduced, a connection function with the cloud platforms is realized, a lower end controller collects data and reports the data to the cloud platform, the cloud platform issues the data to control the lower end controller function, an application program can be quickly provided for the clients to perform function test, the competitiveness of an intelligent gateway product is enhanced, and a universal application program is developed to realize the requirements of the clients for the different cloud platforms.
The invention also discloses an Internet of things system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a communication method relates to a gateway, a cloud platform and a controller; the gateway is loaded with a general APP and a plurality of controllers APP; each controller APP is in communication connection with a type of controller;
the controller APP acquires data from the controller and sends the data to the general APP;
and the general APP converts the data into a protocol-adaptive data format of the cloud platform and sends the protocol-adaptive data format to the cloud platform.
In the communication method, the data format of the data transmitted between the controller APP and the general APP, and the data format of the data transmitted between the general APP and the cloud platform are JSON formats.
In the communication method, the data transmitted between the controller APP and the general APP comprises first uploading data and first control data, the first uploading data comprises an identifier of the controller and collected data, and the first control data is an instruction sent to the controller by the cloud platform.
In the communication method, the data transmitted between the general APP and the cloud platform include second uploading data and second control data, and the second uploading data is obtained by converting the first uploading data and contains theme and acquired data; the second control data is an instruction sent to the controller by the cloud platform.
In the communication method, configuration files for different cloud platforms are built in the general APP, and the general APP communicates with the cloud platforms according to the corresponding configuration files;
the configuration file is used for enabling the general APP and the cloud platform to establish communication connection and converting data into a protocol-adaptive data format of the cloud platform.
In addition, the invention also discloses an internet of things system which comprises a gateway, a cloud platform and a controller, wherein the gateway is loaded with a universal APP and a plurality of controller APPs; each controller APP is in communication connection with a type of controller;
the controller APP acquires data from the controller and sends the data to the general APP;
and the general APP converts the data into a protocol-adaptive data format of the cloud platform and sends the protocol-adaptive data format to the cloud platform.
In the above internet of things system, the data format of the data transmitted between the controller APP and the general APP, and the data format of the data transmitted between the general APP and the cloud platform are JSON formats.
In the above internet of things system, the gateway further includes a storage module, where configuration files for different cloud platforms are stored in the storage module, and the general APP communicates with the cloud platform according to the corresponding configuration files;
the configuration file is used for enabling the general APP and the cloud platform to establish communication connection and converting data into a protocol-adaptive data format of the cloud platform
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the general application program developed based on the MQTT protocol shields special processing of the gateway equipment and the lower-end controller due to protocol difference, and is suitable for a scene with multiple controllers and a cloud platform; the complete processes of establishing connection with a cloud platform, publishing and subscribing Topic, sending and receiving messages are designed into a general flow, and the differences of platform parameters, a Topic format, a communication format and the like are specially processed. If a cloud platform is newly added, the whole processing flow is kept unchanged, only the differentiation aspect is needed to be realized, certain workload is reduced, and a tested product can be provided for a client more quickly. Meanwhile, the coupling of the lower-end controller and the upper-end cloud platform is decoupled, the practicability and the expansibility are high, and the competitiveness of the product is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As in fig. 1, a method of communication involving a gateway, a cloud platform, a controller; the gateway is loaded with a general APP and a plurality of controllers APP; each controller APP is in communication connection with a type of controller;
the controller APP acquires data from the controller and sends the data to the general APP;
and the general APP converts the data into a protocol-adaptive data format of the cloud platform and sends the protocol-adaptive data format to the cloud platform.
Specifically, the data format of the data transmitted between the controller APP and the general APP and the data format of the data transmitted between the general APP and the cloud platform are JSON formats, the data transmitted between the controller APP and the general APP include first uploading data and first control data, the first uploading data include the identifier of the controller and the acquired data, and the first control data are instructions sent to the controller by the cloud platform.
The first uploading data comprises the reporting data of 3.1 described below; the first control data is 3.2 write control data and 3.3 read control data, and in addition, response data sent by the controller APP to the general APP is also included, and the response data is 3.4 write/read control data below.
3.1 reporting data Format
3.2 write control data distribution Format
3.3 read control data distribution format
3.4 write/read control data response
Description of the parameters:
cmd: message Command (report data: s2n _ report _ ack; issue control data: n2s _ control _ req; issue control data response: n2s _ control _ ack)
sourAddr sender Address (APP name)
destAddr: recipient address (APP name)
SubDeviceId sub-device ID (e.g., modbus RTU: serial name ttyCOM 0; TCP: ip)
subProtocol: protocol of sub-device (example: modbus)
subDeviceTag sub-device ID (e.g. modbus: slave) with invalid value of N/A
msgId: message id issued by platform
cmdType: command type (writeReq/writeAck/readReq/readAck)
The retCode: the result of all control operations (0: success; others: failure)
tag, indicating that control register identification is required
tagResult: tag operation result (0: success; others: failure)
tag value of register corresponding to tag
tagemark to tagrescult correspondence description
Timestamp: reporting data timestamps
It can be seen that the general APP and the controller APP communicate with each other through an agreed protocol, and the two APPs have an adaptive communication means therebetween.
The data transmitted between the general APP and the cloud platform comprise second uploading data and second control data, and the second uploading data are obtained through conversion of the first uploading data and contain themes and collected data; the second control data is an instruction sent to the controller by the cloud platform.
The second upload data comprises data reported by a general APP to the cloud platform as shown in 4.1 below, and the second control data comprises write operation data issued by a cloud platform as shown in 4.2 below to the general APP and read operation data issued by a cloud platform as shown in 4.3 below to the general APP; in addition, 4.4 general APPs between the general APPs and the cloud platform respond to the read/write data to the cloud platform.
4.1 reporting data format of general APP to cloud platform
4.2 the cloud platform issues a write operation data format to the general APP
4.3 cloud platform sends read operation data format to general APP
4.4 generic APP responds to the cloud platform with read/write data formats
Description of the parameters:
version, id, method: reporting data to fields needed by cloud platform
onlinetag: SN of working gateway
subdevicel, deviceType: validating a description of a work controller
params: data reported to cloud platform
Param: data sent down to gateway
The general APP is internally provided with configuration files aiming at different cloud platforms, and the general APP is communicated with the cloud platforms according to the corresponding configuration files;
the configuration file is used for enabling the general APP and the cloud platform to establish communication connection and converting data into a protocol-adaptive data format of the cloud platform.
The following 5.1 shows the configuration data of the ari cloud platform, and the following 5.2 shows the configuration data of the thingsboard platform.
5.1 Aliyun platform configuration data
Remarks 1: in this step, the conversion from the report data format 3.1 to the report data format 4.1 is labeled, which labels the parameters that need to be extracted from 3.1 to 4.1, such as version, ID, method, onlinetag, subdevicel, deviceType, params, and of course, some parameters are not assigned in 3.1 because the platform requires the parameters necessary in the response and cannot be obtained from the device, such as version, method, etc., and the specific values are assigned to be substituted into 4.1 in this step.
The configuration data and communication data structure of the cloud platform are explained in detail by the Ali cloud platform, and the details are as follows: a connection parameter structure (connParam), a topic parameter structure (topicParam), a reporting data structure (reportParam) and a control data structure (AckParam).
Description of the parameters:
(1) connParam: parameters required by the browser of the gateway connection cloud platform
BrokerAddress, BrokerPort, clientId, userName, passWord: parameter required by connecting mosquito library client with browser end of server end
Arilocos configuration parameter description:
$ ProductKey }, $ [. DeviceName }/$ [. DeviceSecret } is generated when a device is created on the cloud platform
Region where $ Region is
$ ClientId }: client ID information in the scenes of equipment, App or Web and the like; is set as a device SN
$ Mode }: security mode
securemeode ═ 3: TCP direct connection mode, and SSL/TLS information does not need to be set.
securemeode ═ 2: in the TLS direct connection mode, SSL/TLS information needs to be set.
$ SignMethod }: the algorithm type supports hmacdd 5 and hmaccha 1.
(2) topicParam: theme for communication between gateway and cloud platform
dtoc _ report _ topic: the gateway reports the acquired data to a topic of the cloud platform for pushing the acquired data to the cloud platform
ctod _ cmd _ topoic: the gateway subscribes to topic and is used for receiving data issued by the cloud platform
dtoc _ cmd _ topic: the gateway control data is responded to topic of the cloud platform and used for pushing the control response data to the cloud platform
(3) reportParam: gateway active reporting data to cloud platform format
"version", "id", "method": fixed value
"onlinetag": $ SN of working gateway
"subdeviceiid": 3.1 $ { SubDeviceId }in data
"deviceType": 3.1 $ { subProtocol } _$ { SubDeviceTag }in data
"params": 3.1 $ { param }in data
(4) AckParam: gateway and cloud platform control data format
"version", "method": fixed value
"id": $ msgId in 3.4 data
"onlinetag": $ SN of working gateway
"subdeviceiid": 3.4 $ { SubDeviceId }in data
"deviceType": 3.4 $ { subProtocol } _$ { SubDeviceTag }in data
"cmdType" $ { cmdType } in 3.4 data
"ack": $ param in 3.4 data
5.2thingsBoard platform configuration data (refer to Ali cloud platform configuration parameters)
Description of configuration parameters of the Thingsboard cloud platform:
passWord: the cloud platform does not check the value and can be null
topicParam: 3 topic is defined by cloud platform system
SN of working gateway
$ access token $ time generated on platform to create device.
It can be found from the above configuration parameters of the arii cloud platform and the thingsboard platform configuration data that the configuration parameters required for the intermediate data conversion, such as the configuration parameters of the arii cloud platform and the thingsboard platform configuration data, are mainly used for satisfying the parameters required for the generation of the second upload data and the second control data, and the first upload data and the first control data are extracted or directly assigned according to the parameters.
The gateway (intelligent gateway) belongs to embedded equipment, and the problem of resource limitation of the equipment needs to be considered in the aspects of memory and bandwidth. The initial purpose of MQTT protocol design is to communicate in limited memory devices and networks with very low bandwidth, and is very suitable for communication between a gateway device and a cloud platform. JSON is a lightweight data exchange format, the simple and clear hierarchical structure characteristics of the JSON enable the JSON to become an ideal data exchange format, and the JSON format is adopted for communication with a lower-end controller and an upper-end cloud platform in gateway equipment. The general application program function of the gateway equipment and the cloud platform comprises three parts: the method comprises the following steps of defining a communication protocol of the controller, realizing the functions of a universal part of cloud platform connection and communication, and realizing the functions of a difference part of different cloud platforms.
The communication data of the intelligent gateway equipment and the controller comprises collected data reporting, control data issuing and response data. The gateway device operates the controller according to the control protocol, and the issued parameters and the description of the acquired data have differences due to different protocol formats. The controller communication protocol definition is to shield the difference of the protocol adopted by the controller, extract the data which is interested by the user and package the data uniformly.
The gateway device and the cloud platform are communicated by adopting an MQTT protocol, the MQTT is based on a client-server communication mode, the gateway device belongs to an MQTT client, and the cloud platform belongs to a Broker server. MQTT client behavior can be summarized as: establishing connection, subscribing a theme, receiving and processing messages, publishing messages to a specified theme, canceling subscription and disconnecting connection, and a special MQTT library is provided to realize corresponding functions. The general function of the gateway equipment and the cloud platform refers to the behavior of an MQTT client realized by an MQTT library; the difference parts among different platforms are in parameters, topoic formats and data communication formats of the connected cloud platforms, can be selected through configuration files, and can also be processed through configuration templates, and specific contents are differentiated according to the cloud platforms.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, an internet of things system for implementing the method of embodiment 1 includes a gateway 1, a cloud platform 2, and a controller 3, where the gateway 1 is loaded with a general APP4 and several controllers APP 5; each controller APP5 is communicatively connected to a class of controllers 3;
the controller APP5 acquires data from the controller 3 and sends the data to the general APP 4;
the general APP4 converts the data into a protocol-adapted data format of the cloud platform 2 and sends the data format to the cloud platform 2;
the data format of the data transmitted between the controller APP5 and the general APP4 and the data format of the data transmitted between the general APP4 and the cloud platform 2 are JSON formats.
In this embodiment, the gateway 1 further includes a storage module, where configuration files for different cloud platforms 2 are stored in the storage module, and the general APP4 communicates with the cloud platform 2 according to the corresponding configuration files;
the configuration file is used for enabling the general APP4 and the cloud platform 2 to establish communication connection and converting data into a protocol-adapted data format of the cloud platform 2.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (8)
1. A communication method is characterized in that the method relates to a gateway, a cloud platform and a controller; the gateway is loaded with a general APP and a plurality of controllers APP; each controller APP is in communication connection with a type of controller;
the controller APP acquires data from the controller and sends the data to the general APP;
and the general APP converts the data into a protocol-adaptive data format of the cloud platform and sends the protocol-adaptive data format to the cloud platform.
2. The communication method according to claim 1, wherein a data format of data transmitted between the controller APP and the generic APP, and a data format of data transmitted between the generic APP and the cloud platform are JSON formats.
3. The communication method according to claim 2, wherein the data transmitted between the controller APP and the generic APP includes first upload data and first control data, the first upload data includes an identifier of the controller and collected data, and the first control data is an instruction sent by the cloud platform to the controller.
4. The communication method according to claim 2, wherein the data transmitted between the generic APP and the cloud platform includes second upload data and second control data, and the second upload data is converted from the first upload data and includes theme and collected data; the second control data is an instruction sent to the controller by the cloud platform.
5. The communication method according to claim 2, wherein configuration files for different cloud platforms are built in the general APPs, and the general APPs communicate with the cloud platforms according to the corresponding configuration files;
the configuration file is used for enabling the general APP and the cloud platform to establish communication connection and converting data into a protocol-adaptive data format of the cloud platform.
6. An internet of things system is characterized in that: the system comprises a gateway, a cloud platform and a controller, wherein the gateway is loaded with a general APP and a plurality of controller APPs; each controller APP is in communication connection with a type of controller;
the controller APP acquires data from the controller and sends the data to the general APP;
and the general APP converts the data into a protocol-adaptive data format of the cloud platform and sends the protocol-adaptive data format to the cloud platform.
7. The internet of things system of claim 6, wherein: the data format of the data transmitted between the controller APP and the general APP and the data format of the data transmitted between the general APP and the cloud platform are JSON formats.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein: the gateway further comprises a storage module, configuration files for different cloud platforms are stored in the storage module, and the general APP is communicated with the cloud platforms according to the corresponding configuration files;
the configuration file is used for enabling the general APP and the cloud platform to establish communication connection and converting data into a protocol-adaptive data format of the cloud platform.
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