CN113992149B - ZETA photovoltaic inverter - Google Patents

ZETA photovoltaic inverter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113992149B
CN113992149B CN202111374549.3A CN202111374549A CN113992149B CN 113992149 B CN113992149 B CN 113992149B CN 202111374549 A CN202111374549 A CN 202111374549A CN 113992149 B CN113992149 B CN 113992149B
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circuit
zeta
inductor
photovoltaic inverter
electrically connected
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CN113992149A (en
Inventor
柏奕呈
李琳
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Xian Shiyou University
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Xian Shiyou University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02SGENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S40/00Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
    • H02S40/30Electrical components
    • H02S40/32Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/122Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Abstract

The invention discloses a ZETA photovoltaic inverter, which comprises a main circuit and a control circuit, wherein the main circuit comprises an inductor L1, an inductor L2 and a capacitor C1, the inductor L1 and the inductor L2 are respectively and electrically connected with the capacitor C1, the control circuit comprises an H-bridge control circuit and a hysteresis comparator, the main circuit is electrically connected with the control circuit, the control circuit also comprises a sampling circuit, a precision rectifying circuit and a driving circuit, the H-bridge is controlled by PWM and comprises two pairs of switching tubes, namely Q1 and Q4 and Q2 and Q3, wherein Q1 is connected with Q4, and Q2 is connected with Q3. According to the ZETA inverter, the ZETA circuit is combined with the H bridge to realize the inversion function of current, meanwhile, a hysteresis current control method is adopted, compared with a traditional bridge type inversion structure, the control precision is improved, meanwhile, on the basis of ensuring that the number of the whole switching elements is small, the reliability of the whole system is improved, the control speed is ensured, meanwhile, the requirements on the performance of the switching elements are reduced, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.

Description

ZETA photovoltaic inverter
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power electronic converters, in particular to a ZETA photovoltaic inverter.
Background
Electric energy is widely used, and in areas where the power grid cannot cover or is difficult to cover the whole area, such as a barren island, a plateau, a desert and the like, the situation that energy storage equipment such as a diesel generator or a battery is ready to be used as an emergency use scheme still exists, and in the devices, an inverter needs to be integrated to convert a direct current power supply into alternating current for equipment.
The existing inverter structure mainly comprises a half-bridge topology and a full-bridge topology, the control technology is mature, the requirements on a direct current section are low, and the performance requirements on devices are also low, wherein the switching devices of a half-bridge inverter circuit are fewer, the amplitude of output voltage is only half of that of input, an additional booster circuit is arranged at the front stage, and the requirements on the voltage-withstand capability of elements are high; the switching elements of the full-bridge inverter circuit are twice as many as the half-bridge switching elements, but the overall efficiency is limited. To this end, the present invention developed a ZETA photovoltaic inverter.
Disclosure of Invention
(one) solving the technical problems
Aiming at the defects that in the prior art, the output voltage amplitude is only half of that of the input voltage, an additional boost circuit is required at the front stage, the voltage withstand capability requirement on the element is higher, and the switching elements of the full-bridge inverter circuit are twice as high as that of the half-bridge, but the switching elements are more, and the overall efficiency is limited, the ZETA photovoltaic inverter provided by the invention has the advantages that the control precision is high, the reliability of the overall system is improved on the basis of ensuring the fewer overall switching elements, the cost is reduced, and the like.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the ZETA photovoltaic inverter comprises a main circuit and a control circuit, wherein the main circuit comprises an inductor L1, an inductor L2 and a capacitor C1, and the inductor L1 and the inductor L2 are respectively and electrically connected with the capacitor C1;
the control circuit comprises an H-bridge control circuit and a hysteresis comparator, and the main circuit is electrically connected with the control circuit.
Preferably, the control circuit further comprises a sampling circuit, a precision rectifying circuit and a driving circuit.
Preferably, the H bridge adopts PWM control, and comprises two pairs of switching tubes, namely Q1 and Q4 and Q2 and Q3, wherein Q1 is connected with Q4, Q2 is connected with Q3, and Q2 and Q4 are respectively connected with two comparators.
Preferably, the sampling circuit comprises a hall sensor and a proportion circuit, and the hall sensor is electrically connected with the proportion circuit.
Preferably, the precision rectifying circuit includes two operational amplifiers A1 and A2, and the cathodes of the operational amplifiers A1 and A2 are connected to the input voltage Ui and the forward input Uo1, respectively.
Preferably, the driving circuit uses TLP250 to form a power drive.
Preferably, one end of the precise rectification circuit is electrically connected with a precise mutual inductor, the precise mutual inductor is electrically connected with the H-bridge control circuit, the other end of the precise rectification circuit is electrically connected with a hysteresis comparator, and the hysteresis comparator is respectively connected with the switch Q and the proportional circuit.
Preferably, the frequency of the transmission signal between the precision rectifying circuit and the hysteresis comparator is 100HZ.
Preferably, the hysteresis comparator comprises an integrated operational amplifier A3, and positive feedback is arranged between the output end and the homodromous input end of the integrated operational amplifier A3.
(III) beneficial effects
Compared with the prior art, the ZETA photovoltaic inverter provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the ZETA photovoltaic inverter, the ZETA circuit is combined with the H bridge to realize the inversion function of the current, and meanwhile, compared with a traditional bridge type inversion structure, the hysteresis current control method is adopted, the control precision is improved, and meanwhile, the reliability of the whole system is improved on the basis of ensuring that the number of whole switching elements is small;
and the hysteresis current control mode is adopted, so that the requirements on the performance of the switching element are reduced while the control speed is ensured, the manufacturing cost is reduced, and the inverter is convenient for mass production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a main circuit structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit structure when the switch tube of the present invention is turned on;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit structure when the switching tube of the present invention is turned off;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a control system framework structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a hysteresis current control waveform structure according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a sampling circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a precision rectifying circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a hysteresis comparator according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of hysteresis characteristics of a hysteresis comparator according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a driving circuit according to the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the overall design principle of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-11, a ZETA photovoltaic inverter includes a main circuit and a control circuit, the main circuit includes an inductor L1, an inductor L2 and a capacitor C1, the inductor L1 and the inductor L2 are respectively electrically connected with the capacitor C1, and the ZETA photovoltaic inverter is characterized in that a left half portion is similar to a buck-boost circuit, and a right half portion is similar to a buck-boost circuit;
the control circuit comprises an H-bridge control circuit and a hysteresis comparator, the main circuit is electrically connected with the control circuit, the later stage selects the H-bridge, and the direction of output current is changed, so that the direction of the output current is consistent with the direction of voltage.
Preferably, the control circuit further comprises a sampling circuit, a precision rectifying circuit and a driving circuit.
Preferably, the H bridge adopts PWM control and comprises two pairs of switching tubes, namely Q1, Q4 and Q2, Q3, wherein Q1 is connected with Q4, Q2 is connected with Q3, Q2 and Q4 are connected with two comparators, and when Q1 and Q4 are on, Q2 and Q3 are off; when Q1 and Q4 are off, Q2 and Q3 are on.
Preferably, the sampling circuit comprises a Hall sensor and a proportional circuit, the Hall sensor is electrically connected with the proportional circuit, and the Hall sensor is a magnetic field sensor manufactured according to the Hall effect and is widely applied to the aspects of industrial automation technology, detection technology, information processing and the like.
Preferably, the precision rectifying circuit includes two operational amplifiers A1 and A2, the negative electrodes of the operational amplifiers A1 and A2 are respectively connected with the input voltage Ui and the forward input end Uo1, the operational amplifiers are circuit units with very high amplification factors, in the circuit, a certain functional module is commonly formed by combining a feedback network, the functional module is an amplifier with a special coupling circuit and feedback, and the output signal can be the result of mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction or differentiation, integration and the like of the input signal.
Preferably, the drive circuit uses TLP250 to form the power drive.
Preferably, one end of the precise rectification circuit is electrically connected with a precise mutual inductor, the precise mutual inductor is electrically connected with the H-bridge control circuit, the other end of the precise rectification circuit is electrically connected with a hysteresis comparator, and the hysteresis comparator is respectively connected with the switch Q and the proportional circuit.
Preferably, the frequency of the transmission signal between the precision rectifying circuit and the hysteresis comparator is 100HZ.
Preferably, the hysteresis comparator comprises an integrated operational amplifier A3, positive feedback is arranged between the output end and the same-direction input end of the integrated operational amplifier A3, and an inverted hysteresis comparator can be formed by inputting signals from the opposite-direction input end.
The electrical components are all connected with an external main controller and 220V mains supply, and the main controller can be conventional known equipment for controlling a computer and the like.
The working principle of the main circuit is as follows:
one period of on/off of the switching tube can be divided into two parts of on time and off time.
Switch Q is conducted: when the switch Q is on, current is allowed to pass, the power supply E stores energy to the L1 through the Q, meanwhile, the E and the C1 supply power to the load together, the C1 supplies power to the H bridge and is connected with the L2 in series, and therefore the voltage of the L2 is Ui.
Switch Q is off: after the switch Q is turned off, L1 is charged to C1 through VD, meanwhile, the current of L2 is freewheeled through VD, after the energy of L1 is completely transferred, VD is turned off, C1 supplies power to a load through L2, and the voltage of L2 is required to be equal to-Uo, so that the voltage of L1 is-Uo relative to the drain electrode of Q.
The design of the control circuit mainly comprises three parts, namely acquisition and feedback of a feedback signal, comparison of the feedback signal and a given signal and generation of the control signal, and driving circuit and output.
The whole control idea is as follows:
the feedback signal of the grid voltage after precision rectification is used as a given signal, the feedback signal of the output current is compared with the given signal through a hysteresis comparator, and when the error is more, the switching tube is turned off, and the error is reduced; when the given signal drops to the error signal, the switching tube is conducted, and the output current rises until the switching tube is turned off again, so that the switching tube is enabled to track the change of the given signal at any time to be turned off, and the peak value and the valley value of the output current are enabled to directly follow the fluctuation of the given signal to fluctuate.
And a sampling circuit: the sampling circuit can timely receive the change of the feedback current and send the change to the control circuit to realize the next processing. The accuracy and speed of sampling is particularly critical for sampling circuits. There are many schemes for realizing the sampling function, and a closed loop hall current sensor capable of linearly reflecting the current magnitude is a practical and economical choice for current sampling. Meanwhile, in order to meet the working requirement of the closed-loop control system, a proportional circuit is also arranged to make the current signal of sampling feedback equal to the given voltage signal.
Precision rectifying circuit: a rectifying circuit is adopted to convert the sampled 2.2V/50Hz alternating current into a steamed bread wave signal with the effective value of 2.2V and the frequency of 100Hz as a given signal. In a conventional rectifying circuit, when the input voltage value is small and can be regarded as a small signal, the diode rectifying circuit cannot completely rectify the signal to cause distortion, so that an undistorted waveform can be obtained by adopting a precise rectifying circuit based on an operational amplifier to precisely convert a bipolar signal into a unipolar signal.
Hysteresis comparator: in the control system adopting the current hysteresis control mode, a hysteresis comparator is a key of the control system, a positive feedback is introduced between the output end and the same-direction input end of the integrated operational amplifier, and an inverted hysteresis comparator can be formed by inputting signals from the opposite-direction input end.
H bridge control circuit: the two pairs of switching tubes (Q1-Q4, Q2-Q3) at corresponding positions are conducted once in each power frequency period, and complementary conduction is achieved at the same time, and the two LM311 comparators are adopted for completion.
And a driving circuit: the switching logic signal output by the comparator reaches the driving circuit, and the output signal drives the switching tube to work.
In summary, according to the ZETA photovoltaic inverter, the ZETA circuit and the H bridge are combined to realize the inversion function of current, and meanwhile, a hysteresis current control method is adopted to realize the smaller number of switching elements and higher control precision.
The design parameters of the invention are as follows:
direct current voltage: 200V;
ac voltage: 220V/50Hz;
rated output power: 500W;
switching frequency: 50KHz;
efficiency is that: 95%.
Embodiments are described below:
taking coastal barren islands as an example, after power failure caused by sudden reasons such as natural disasters and the like, a UPS (uninterrupted Power supply) formed by a storage battery and the invention can provide temporary power supply, the storage battery pack is in a charging state at ordinary times, when the battery pack works, a ZETA circuit at the front stage of the ZETA type inverter converts direct current voltage into current with the frequency of 100Hz and the effective value of 220V, an H bridge at the rear stage converts the frequency into 50Hz, a signal sampled and recorded by a sampling circuit is taken as a benchmark, a steamed bread wave signal with the frequency of 100Hz is converted into the effective value of 2.2V by a compact rectifying circuit and is taken as a given signal, the given signal is compared with the current passing through a switching tube in a ZETA circuit at the front stage in a hysteresis comparator, and the control of the switching tube at the front stage is realized by the output signal, so that the change of the current passing through the front stage always tracks the change of the given signal, the H bridge at the rear stage converts the current direction, and the final output of 220V/50Hz is realized.
It is noted that relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a ZETA photovoltaic inverter, includes main circuit and control circuit, its characterized in that: the main circuit comprises an inductor L1, an inductor L2 and a capacitor C1, wherein the inductor L1 and the inductor L2 are respectively and electrically connected with the capacitor C1;
the control circuit comprises an H-bridge control circuit and a hysteresis comparator, and the main circuit is electrically connected with the control circuit;
the control circuit also comprises a sampling circuit, a precise rectifying circuit and a driving circuit;
the sampling circuit collects current signals output by the inductor L2, a current feedback signal is formed after the current signals are processed, the precision rectifying circuit is used for collecting voltage signals of a power grid, a given signal is formed after the voltage signals are processed, the driving circuit compares the current feedback signal with the given signal through the hysteresis comparator, and the on-off state of a switching tube in the main circuit is controlled according to a comparison result.
2. A ZETA photovoltaic inverter as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the H bridge adopts PWM control and comprises two pairs of switching tubes, namely Q1 and Q4 and Q2 and Q3, wherein Q1 is connected with Q4, Q2 is connected with Q3, and Q2 and Q4 are connected with two comparators.
3. A ZETA photovoltaic inverter as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the sampling circuit comprises a Hall sensor and a proportion circuit, and the Hall sensor is electrically connected with the proportion circuit.
4. A ZETA photovoltaic inverter as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the precise rectification circuit comprises two operational amplifiers A1 and A2, and the cathodes of the operational amplifiers A1 and A2 are respectively connected with an input voltage Ui and a positive input end Uo 1.
5. A ZETA photovoltaic inverter as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the drive circuit employs TLP250 to form the power drive.
6. A ZETA photovoltaic inverter as claimed in claim 1, wherein: one end of the precise rectification circuit is electrically connected with a precise mutual inductor, the precise mutual inductor is electrically connected with the H-bridge control circuit, the other end of the precise rectification circuit is electrically connected with a hysteresis comparator, and the hysteresis comparator is respectively connected with the switch Q and the proportional circuit.
7. A ZETA photovoltaic inverter as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the frequency of the transmission signal between the precise rectification circuit and the hysteresis comparator is 100HZ.
8. A ZETA photovoltaic inverter as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the hysteresis comparator comprises an integrated operational amplifier A3, and positive feedback is arranged between the output end and the homodromous input end of the integrated operational amplifier A3.
CN202111374549.3A 2021-11-17 2021-11-17 ZETA photovoltaic inverter Active CN113992149B (en)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012085381A (en) * 2010-10-07 2012-04-26 Nissin Electric Co Ltd Inverter apparatus
CN104796030A (en) * 2015-04-21 2015-07-22 西安理工大学 Quasi-Z-source inverter based single-phase photovoltaic off-grid inverter and soft switch control method thereof
CN106452144A (en) * 2016-11-03 2017-02-22 燕山大学 Buck-boost tri-level inverter based on Zeta
CN112631364A (en) * 2020-12-07 2021-04-09 马鞍山职业技术学院 Self-adaptive photovoltaic global maximum power point tracking method
CN112701943A (en) * 2020-12-29 2021-04-23 佛山科学技术学院 Photovoltaic inverter based on Zeta converter

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012085381A (en) * 2010-10-07 2012-04-26 Nissin Electric Co Ltd Inverter apparatus
CN104796030A (en) * 2015-04-21 2015-07-22 西安理工大学 Quasi-Z-source inverter based single-phase photovoltaic off-grid inverter and soft switch control method thereof
CN106452144A (en) * 2016-11-03 2017-02-22 燕山大学 Buck-boost tri-level inverter based on Zeta
CN112631364A (en) * 2020-12-07 2021-04-09 马鞍山职业技术学院 Self-adaptive photovoltaic global maximum power point tracking method
CN112701943A (en) * 2020-12-29 2021-04-23 佛山科学技术学院 Photovoltaic inverter based on Zeta converter

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