CN113991699A - Frequency active supporting method and power control device suitable for new energy and energy storage station - Google Patents
Frequency active supporting method and power control device suitable for new energy and energy storage station Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/466—Scheduling the operation of the generators, e.g. connecting or disconnecting generators to meet a given demand
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
- H02J3/48—Controlling the sharing of the in-phase component
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a frequency active supporting method and a power control device suitable for a new energy and energy storage station.A corresponding active output is coordinated with an AGC (automatic gain control) output of an original station by simulating the inertia response and one-time adjustment of conventional firepower and a hydroelectric generator set to the power grid frequency, so that the response of the new energy and energy storage station to the power grid frequency change under multiple time scales is realized; the invention provides a method for solving the problems of power supply side inertia support and primary frequency modulation deficiency under the background of new energy permeability improvement, and by utilizing the advantage of high dynamic response speed of power electronic equipment in a station, the method can obtain higher frequency response capability than that of a conventional thermal power and hydroelectric generating set, and can better support a power grid in practical application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric power automation new energy secondary systems, and particularly relates to a frequency active supporting method and a power control device suitable for new energy and an energy storage station.
Background
In recent years, with the large access of new energy power stations such as wind power stations, photovoltaic stations and the like and battery energy storage power stations to a power grid, the proportion of new energy and stored energy in the power grid is continuously increased, but the new energy and the stored energy also have inherent defects. The traditional thermal power and hydroelectric generating set has the capability of changing output and inhibiting frequency change through self inertia and a speed regulator when the frequency of a power grid changes, namely inertia support and primary frequency modulation capability; the power component of the new energy and energy storage power electronic device is a static device, does not have inertia support and primary frequency modulation capability, can only passively accept frequency change, and cannot actively make a response to the frequency change.
In recent years, the permeability of new energy and stored energy of a power grid is continuously improved, the inertia of a source end and the primary frequency modulation response capability are continuously reduced, the stability of the power grid is reduced, the power grid frequency cannot be sufficiently supported in response, the change amplitude is larger, the change rate is faster, and the possibility of power grid frequency failure and even breakdown is increased under the condition. And the method of cutting off new energy and storing energy is simply adopted to deal with the change of the power grid frequency, so that the resource waste of the new energy and the stored energy is caused, and the utilization rate of the new energy and the stored energy is greatly reduced. Due to the fact that the construction cost of new energy (the wind power field and the photovoltaic power station occupy the land for animal husbandry) and energy storage (the high-power-density battery is high in price) stations is high, the utilization rate is not high, the green price of the generated energy is greatly increased, and the continuous development of the new energy and the energy storage is not facilitated.
At present, most of new energy and energy storage stations have AGC functions, and through receiving active power instructions of scheduling, a synchronizer (frequency modulator) similar to a thermal power unit and a hydroelectric generating set is used for adjusting the frequency of a power grid for the second time so as to achieve no-difference frequency modulation, but the response to the frequency of the power grid is still slightly single. A part of wind power converter, photovoltaic inverter and energy storage PCS manufacturer simulates inertia characteristics and an active power-frequency droop curve of a live power and hydroelectric generating set through a virtual synchronization technology so as to achieve the inertia support and primary frequency modulation functions of a single machine. However, the new energy and the energy storage single machine are one thousandth of the capacity of the traditional large thermal power and hydroelectric generating units, and the supporting effect on the grid frequency is very little, so that most new energy and energy storage stations are not put into the virtual synchronization function of the single machine as expected. Therefore, active support of new energy and frequency of energy storage stations is still a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to solve the problem that the frequency supporting effect of new energy and energy storage stations cannot be better reflected by single-machine virtual synchronization, the invention provides a frequency active supporting method suitable for the new energy and energy storage stations.
The technical scheme is as follows: a frequency active supporting method suitable for new energy and energy storage stations comprises the following steps:
step 1: according to the frequency f of the grid-connected point, the frequency change rate df/dt of the grid-connected point and the real-time active power P of the grid-connected pointpccJudging whether an inertia response condition is met; if the inertia response condition is met, calculating to obtain an active instruction delta P simulating inertia responseinerExecuting the step 2; otherwise, simulating inertia response active power instruction delta PinerWhen the value is 0, executing the step 2;
step 2: judging whether a primary frequency modulation response condition is met or not according to the grid-connected point frequency variation, and if yes, calculating to obtain a primary frequency modulation response instruction delta PgovStep 3 is executed, otherwise, primary frequency modulation response is not carried out;
and step 3: during primary frequency modulation, whether a new AGC command is received or not is judged, and if the new AGC command is not received, the total active command P is obtained to be P'agc+ΔPgov+ΔPiner(ii) a If a new AGC command P is receivedagcThen new AGC command P is addedagcAnd AGC instruction P 'of previous time'agcBy comparison, when the frequency is lower (f < f)L) If P isagc＞P′agcThen get the total active command P ═ Pagc+ΔPgov+ΔPinerElse get total active instruction P ═ P'agc+ΔPgov+ΔPinerWhen disturbing in frequency (f > f)H) If P isagc＜P′agcThen get the total active command P ═ Pagc+ΔPgov+ΔPinerElse get total active instruction P ═ P'agc+ΔPgov+ΔPiner；
And 4, step 4: and issuing a total active instruction.
Further, in step 1, the inertia response condition is:
and a dead zone R when the absolute value of the rate of change of frequency | df/dt | is greater than the rate of change of frequencyfdAnd the real-time active power P of the grid-connected pointpccGreater than CactPeWherein, CactInertia response minimum threshold, P, for real-time active power of a grid-connected pointeThe rated active power of the whole station.
Further, in step 1, if the inertia response condition is met, calculating to obtain a simulated inertia response active instruction Δ P according to the following formulainer；
In the formula (f)eFor rated frequency, TjIs the time constant of inertia.
Further, in step 2, the condition of the primary frequency modulation response is as follows: dead zone f for grid connection point frequency variation exceeding regulation characteristic curved。
Further, in step 2, if the primary frequency modulation response condition is met, the primary frequency modulation response command Δ P is calculated according to the following formulagov：
In the formula (f)LIs a frequency lower interference threshold, fHIs the frequency up-scrambling threshold.
Further, new energy orientedAt the source station, the coefficient C is adoptedinCoefficient of sum CoutFor primary frequency modulation response instruction delta PgovPerforming a constraint wherein Cin＞Cout(ii) a The method specifically comprises the following steps:
only when the frequency f is larger than fHAnd the real-time active power P of the grid-connected pointpcc＜CoutPeWhen is Δ Pgov＝0；
Only when the frequency f is larger than fHAnd the real-time active power P of the grid-connected pointpcc≥CoutPeAnd P ispcc＜CinPeThe method comprises the following steps:
ΔPgov＝CoutPe-PPcc(ΔPgov＜0) (9)。
the invention also discloses a power control device, which is used for being deployed in a station secondary grid structure with an AGC function, and comprises:
the inertia response unit is used for responding to the grid-connected point frequency f, the grid-connected point frequency change rate df/dt and the real-time active power P of the grid-connected pointpccJudging whether an inertia response condition is met; if the inertia response condition is met, calculating to obtain an active instruction delta P simulating inertia responseiner(ii) a If the inertia response condition is not met, simulating inertia response active instruction delta Piner＝0；
A primary frequency modulation response unit for judging whether the condition of primary frequency modulation response is met according to the frequency variation of the grid-connected point, if yes, calculating to obtain a primary frequency modulation response instruction delta PgovOtherwise, not carrying out primary frequency modulation response.
Further, the method is deployed in series or in parallel in a station secondary grid structure with AGC function.
Further, the inertia response condition is as follows:
and a dead zone R when the absolute value of the rate of change of frequency | df/dt | is greater than the rate of change of frequencyfdAnd the real-time active power of the grid-connected pointPpccGreater than CactPeWherein, Cact is the inertia response minimum threshold value of the real-time active power of the grid-connected point, PeThe rated active power of the whole station.
If the inertia response condition is met, calculating to obtain a simulated inertia response active instruction delta P according to the following formulainer；
In the formula (f)eFor rated frequency, TjIs the time constant of inertia.
Further, the frequency variation of the grid-connected point exceeds the dead zone f of the regulation characteristic curved；
If the frequency modulation command is available, calculating to obtain a primary frequency modulation response command delta P according to the following formulagov：
In the formula (f)LIs a frequency lower interference threshold, fHIs the frequency up-scrambling threshold.
Further, when the system is deployed in a wind power plant/photovoltaic power plant secondary grid structure with an AGC function, a coefficient C is adoptedinCoefficient of sum CoutFor primary frequency modulation response instruction delta PgovPerforming a constraint wherein Cin＞Cout(ii) a The method specifically comprises the following steps:
only when the frequency f is larger than fHAnd the real-time active power P of the grid-connected pointpcc＜CoutPeWhen is Δ Pgov＝0；
Only when the frequency f is larger than fHAnd the real-time active power P of the grid-connected pointpcc≥CoutPeAnd P ispcc＜CinPeThe method comprises the following steps:
ΔPgov＝CoutPe-PPcc(ΔPgov＜0) (9)。
the invention also discloses a grid structure of the wind power plant, which comprises a rapid power control device, an EMS for sending AGC commands, a fan energy management system and each wind turbine;
the rapid power control device is serially arranged between the EMS and the fan energy management system and is used for realizing inertia response and primary frequency modulation by adopting the frequency active supporting method suitable for the new energy and the energy storage station and forwarding an AGC (automatic gain control) instruction sent by the EMS to the fan energy management system;
and the fan energy management system is used for issuing subdivision instructions to each wind turbine.
The invention discloses a grid structure of a wind power plant, which comprises a rapid power control device, an EMS (energy management system) for issuing AGC (automatic gain control) instructions to a wind turbine system and the rapid power control device, the wind turbine system and each wind turbine;
the rapid power control device is deployed in parallel with the EMS and is used for realizing inertia response and primary frequency modulation by adopting the frequency active support method suitable for the new energy and the energy storage station; when detecting that the grid-connected point frequency enters an inertia response range or a primary frequency modulation range, sending a signal to lock the EMS, simultaneously sending an inertia response active instruction or a primary frequency modulation response instruction, superposing an AGC instruction and sending the AGC instruction to the fan energy management system; when the inertia response or the primary frequency modulation is finished, a locking releasing signal is sent to the EMS;
and the fan energy management system is used for issuing subdivision instructions to each wind turbine.
The invention discloses a grid structure of a photovoltaic power station, which comprises a rapid power control device, an AGC and a photovoltaic communication management unit;
the rapid power control device is serially deployed with the AGC and is used for carrying out inertia response or primary frequency modulation by adopting the frequency active supporting method suitable for the new energy and energy storage station, when the frequency of a grid-connected point enters an inertia response or primary frequency modulation range, an inertia response active instruction and a primary frequency modulation response instruction are issued to the AGC, and then the AGC is used for making an instruction to be superposed and issued to the photovoltaic communication management unit;
and the photovoltaic communication management unit is used for issuing subdivision instructions to the corresponding photovoltaic inverters.
The invention discloses a grid structure of a photovoltaic power station, which comprises a rapid power control device, an AGC and a photovoltaic communication management unit;
the AGC is used for simultaneously sending a steady-state instruction to the photovoltaic communication management unit and the rapid power control device when the grid-connected point frequency is in a normal range;
the rapid power control device is deployed in parallel with the AGC and is used for carrying out inertia response or primary frequency modulation by adopting the frequency active supporting method suitable for the new energy and energy storage station, sending a signal to the AGC to lock a steady-state instruction when the grid-connected point frequency enters an inertia response or primary frequency modulation range, and simultaneously superposing the AGC instruction to send to the photovoltaic communication management unit; when the inertia response or the primary frequency modulation is finished, sending a signal to the AGC to release the steady-state instruction locking and lock the instruction sent by the AGC;
and the photovoltaic communication management unit is used for issuing subdivision instructions to the corresponding photovoltaic inverters.
The invention discloses a grid structure of an energy storage power station, which comprises an energy storage coordination controller, an EMS (energy management system) for issuing an AGC (automatic gain control) instruction and an energy storage PCS (process control system);
the energy storage coordination controller is serially deployed between the EMS and the energy storage PCS and used for carrying out inertia response or primary frequency modulation by adopting the frequency active supporting method suitable for the new energy and the energy storage station and forwarding an AGC (automatic gain control) instruction of the EMS to the energy storage PCS.
The invention also discloses an energy storage power station grid structure which comprises an energy storage coordination controller, an EMS and an energy storage PCS;
the EMS is used for sending AGC to the PCS and the energy storage coordination controller when the frequency of the grid-connected point is in a normal range;
the energy storage coordination controller and the EMS are deployed in parallel and used for locking an instruction issued by the EMS when the frequency of a grid-connected point is in a normal range, performing inertia response or primary frequency modulation by adopting the frequency active supporting method suitable for the new energy and the energy storage station, sending a signal to the EMS to lock an AGC instruction of the EMS to issue when the frequency of the grid-connected point enters an inertia response or primary frequency modulation range, and superposing the AGC instruction on the basis of simulating an inertia response active instruction or a primary frequency modulation response instruction to issue to the energy storage PCS; and when the inertia response or the primary frequency modulation is finished, sending a locking releasing signal to the EMS to enable the EMS to continuously send an AGC command, and locking the command sent by the EMS.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention utilizes the characteristics of millisecond-level quick response of the power electronic device, and quickly increases or decreases the active output when the frequency of the power grid is obviously changed, so as to realize the functions of thermal power and hydroelectric generating set inertia support and speed regulator primary frequency modulation, obtain the frequency response capability which is faster than that of the conventional thermal power and hydroelectric generating set, and better support the power grid in practical application;
(2) the invention increases inertia response and primary adjustment capacity on the basis of secondary adjustment capacity of power grid frequency of a new energy and energy storage station, improves the support capacity of the new energy and energy storage station on the power grid frequency by omnibearing response under multiple time scales, and provides a solution to the problem of power supply side inertia support and primary frequency modulation loss under the background of new energy permeability improvement.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing active-frequency droop at a grid-connected point of a new energy and energy storage station;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a new energy and energy storage station frequency active support algorithm;
FIG. 3 is a frequency response curve of a grid-connected point of a wind power plant; wherein, the sub-graph (1) is a wind power plant grid-connected point frequency response curve graph with the frequency of 50Hz → 49.8Hz + AGC minus 6% Pe; sub-graph (2) frequency response curve diagram of wind power plant grid-connected point under frequency 50Hz → 49.8Hz + AGC increased by 6% Pe; sub-graph (3) frequency response curve diagram of wind power plant grid-connected point under frequency 50Hz → 50.2Hz + AGC minus 6% Pe; sub-graph (4) frequency response curve diagram of wind power plant grid-connected point under frequency 50Hz → 50.2Hz + AGC increased by 6% Pe;
FIG. 4 is a deployment scenario of a new energy station fast power control device in a wind farm; wherein, the subgraph (1) is a deployment scene 1, and the subgraph (2) is a deployment scene 2;
fig. 5 is a deployment scene of a new energy station fast power control device in a photovoltaic power station; wherein, the subgraph (1) is a deployment scene 1, and the subgraph (2) is a deployment scene 2;
FIG. 6 is a deployment scenario of an energy storage coordination controller in an energy storage power station; wherein, the subgraph (1) is a deployment scene 1, and the subgraph (2) is a deployment scene 2.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Under the traditional thermal power and hydroelectric generating set with rotational inertia, the frequency change caused by power grid disturbance can be expressed as the following rotor motion equation:
in the above formula, PgenFor generator output, PloadThe J is the rotational inertia of the generator and is a certain value.
The inertia constant H of the generator, which may be defined as the ratio of the rotor stored kinetic energy to the rated power of the unit, is a time value and can be expressed as follows:
by taking equation (2) into equation (1), and replacing the generator moment of inertia J, the equation of motion of the rotor with the inertia constant H can be obtained:
using the inertia time constant TjBy replacing the inertia constant by 2H, one can obtainTo:
the influence of grid disturbances on the frequency can be seen from equation (4).
When the load is increased, the power grid frequency is reduced because the output of the generator is not changed in time; when the load decreases, the grid frequency increases.
The new energy and energy storage station can simulate the inertia characteristics of thermal power and hydroelectric generating sets, and applies a force opposite to the frequency change direction to a grid-connected point to prevent the frequency change when the grid-connected point is disturbed.
The station simulation inertia response active instruction can be directly obtained according to the formula (5):
the station should provide a simulated inertial response of frequency under the condition that the following equation is satisfied:
two practical cases are also considered. Firstly, in order to avoid the system being too sensitive to frequency change, a dead zone R of frequency change rate is required to be setfd(ii) a Secondly, in order to prevent the unit from stopping in the response process, an inertia response minimum threshold value C of real-time active power of a station needs to be setact. I.e. when the absolute value of the rate of change of frequency | df/dt | is greater than RfdAnd the real-time active power of the station is greater than CactPeThe time station provides a simulated inertia response.
Fig. 1 is an active-frequency droop curve of a grid-connected point of a new energy and energy storage station, which is a static regulation characteristic simulated according to a local load characteristic. f. ofdIn order to adjust the dead zone of the characteristic curve, namely the grid-connected point frequency variation does not exceed the value and does not make a primary frequency modulation response; kPe(k < 1) is the spare capacity reserved by the station for primary frequency modulation.
According to the definition of the per unit value of the difference coefficient, the following can be obtained:
wherein, when the frequency f of the grid-connected point is less than fLAnd in the linear regulation region,. DELTA.f ═ fL-f; when the frequency f is larger than f at the grid-connected pointHAnd in the linear regulation region,. DELTA.f ═ fH-f. The primary frequency modulation active instruction delta P of the part of the grid-connected point frequency, the variation of which exceeds the dead zone from the rated frequency, can be obtained by the formulagovComprises the following steps:
in order to avoid the condition that a generating set or a converter in a station is off-line or stopped due to primary frequency modulation, delta P is requiredgovWith the addition of constraints, two coefficients C are given hereinAnd CoutAnd C isin＞Cout. Power P of site station point of connectionpcc＜CoutPeAnd when the frequency is disturbed (f > f)H) Inhibiting the downward regulating force, i.e. Δ P gov0; when point of connection power Ppcc≥CoutPeAt the same time Ppcc＜CinPeAnd when the frequency is disturbed, the total active power output cannot be lower than CoutPeAt this time, the primary frequency modulation active instruction cannot exceed:
ΔPgov＝CoutPe-PPcc(ΔPgov＜0) (9)
the constraint is applied to wind power plants and photovoltaic power stations, and the converter of the energy storage power station does not need to carry out delta P (delta P) because the power can flow in two directionsgovAnd (5) making the above constraint.
The inertia response and primary frequency modulation need to be coordinated with the AGC to ensure continuity of the frequency response at multiple time scales. Inertia response and primary frequency modulation have intervals acting simultaneously in time, but can be mutually independent in the current theoretical analysis.
Firstly, judging whether to enter inertia response according to the station grid-connected point frequency and the change rate thereof and the real-time active power of the grid-connected point, and if the inertia response condition is met, calculating the instruction value of the inertia response according to the formula (5). And then, judging primary frequency modulation, wherein whether the primary frequency modulation is carried out only relates to the judgment of the frequency size of a grid-connected point, but the primary frequency modulation stage needs to be matched with AGC. The primary frequency modulation response command can be calculated according to the formula (8) and the formula (9), and then the coordination logic of the AGC is operated, and if a new AGC command is received during primary frequency modulation, the new AGC command P needs to be operatedagcAnd AGC instruction P 'of previous time'agcA comparison is made. In the case of frequency perturbations (f < f)L) Such as Pagc＞P′agcTotal active command P ═ Pagc+ΔPgov+ΔPiner(ii) a Such as Pagc≤P′agcTotal active instruction P ═ P'agc+ΔPgov+ΔPiner(ii) a In the presence of disturbance in frequency (f > f)H) Such as Pagc＜P′agcTotal active command P ═ Pagc+ΔPgov+ΔPiner(ii) a Such as Pagc≥P′agcTotal active instruction P ═ P'agc+ΔPgov+ΔPiner。
The flow of the new energy and energy storage station frequency active support algorithm proposed above is shown in fig. 2.
In order to realize multi-time scale response of the power grid frequency in a new energy and energy storage station, the existing secondary communication architecture needs to be improved, and inertia response and primary frequency modulation are added on the basis of AGC. The algorithm is realized on a developed fast power control device and an energy storage coordination controller of the new energy station, and the device is deployed in a secondary grid structure of the station with an AGC function. The deployment modes are generally divided into serial and parallel modes.
The EMS of the wind power plant is deployed on a station control layer, receives a scheduling instruction through a telemechanical, sends an AGC instruction to a down-wind turbine energy management system, and then sends a subdivision instruction to each wind turbine by the wind turbine energy management system. Fig. 4, sub-diagram 1) serially deploys the new energy station fast power control device between the EMS and the wind energy management system, and the device needs to forward an AGC instruction sent by the EMS in addition to realizing the inertia response and the primary frequency modulation function. Sub-diagram 2) of fig. 4) deploys the device and the EMS in parallel, when the EMS issues an AGC instruction to the wind turbine management system, the device receives the AGC instruction and locks the issued instruction; when detecting that the frequency of the grid-connected point enters an inertia response or primary frequency modulation range, the device sends a signal to lock the EMS, and simultaneously issues an inertia response or primary frequency modulation instruction, and superimposes an AGC (automatic gain control) and issues the instruction to a fan energy management system; when the inertia response or the primary frequency modulation is finished, the device sends a locking releasing signal to the EMS, the EMS continues to send an AGC instruction to the fan function management system, and at the moment, the device locks the instruction sent by the device.
And the AGC of the photovoltaic power station is deployed on a station control layer, receives a dispatching instruction through the telecontrol machine and issues the dispatching instruction to each communication management unit of the photovoltaic array. In fig. 5, sub-diagram 1), the new energy station fast power control device issues an inertia response and a primary frequency modulation adjustment instruction to the AGC when the inertia response or the primary frequency modulation is performed, and the AGC performs instruction superposition and issues the instruction to the photovoltaic communication management unit. Sub-graph 2) of fig. 5, the device and the AGC are deployed in parallel, when the grid-connected point frequency is in a normal range, the AGC sends a steady-state instruction to the photovoltaic communication management unit and the fast power control device at the same time, and the device locks an instruction issued by itself; when the grid-connected point frequency enters an inertia response or primary frequency modulation range, the rapid power control device sends a signal to the AGC to lock a steady-state instruction of the AGC, and simultaneously superposes the AGC instruction and sends the AGC instruction to the photovoltaic communication management unit; when the inertia response or primary frequency modulation is finished, the device sends a signal to the AGC to release the steady-state instruction locking and lock the instruction sent by the device.
The EMS of the energy storage power station is deployed on a station control layer, receives a scheduling instruction through the remote motor and issues the scheduling instruction to each PCS. In fig. 6, sub-diagram 1), the energy storage coordination controller is serially deployed between the EMS and the PCS, and the coordination control needs to forward an AGC instruction of the EMS in addition to performing inertia response and primary frequency modulation, so that the active support effect of the grid-connected point frequency can be greatly improved for a GOOSE fast response channel down to the PCS. In fig. 6, fig. 2), the energy storage coordination control and the EMS are deployed in parallel, and when the frequency of the grid-connected point is in a normal range, the EMS sends an instruction from AGC to PCS and coordination control, and the coordination control locks the instruction issued by the EMS; when the frequency enters an inertia response or primary frequency modulation range, the cooperative control sends a signal to the EMS to lock the AGC command to be issued, and at the moment, the AGC command is superposed on the inertia response or primary frequency modulation adjustment command by the cooperative control and is issued to the PCS; and when the inertia response or the primary frequency modulation is finished, the cooperative control sends a locking releasing signal to the EMS to enable the EMS to continuously send an AGC instruction, and simultaneously locks the instruction sent by the EMS.
The algorithm is realized on a developed new energy station rapid power control device and an energy storage coordination controller, and is started to be respectively applied to a wind power plant and an energy storage power station.
The wind power field is analyzed by using the test waveform of the wind power field in the state of Januvia of Jiangsu, and a primary frequency modulation function is put into the wind power field, and an inertia response function is not put into the wind power field. The total capacity of the wind power plant is 90 MVA; the primary frequency modulation standby active power is 6 percent, namely 5.4 MW; the adjustment coefficient is 0.05; the frequency dead band is 0.1 Hz.
1) Frequency 50Hz → 49.8Hz + AGC minus 6% Pe
As shown in fig. 3, sub-diagram 1), when the grid-connected point frequency is 50Hz, the active command is 30MW, and follows the AGC command; entering primary frequency modulation after the frequency is reduced to 49.8Hz, wherein the primary frequency modulation active instruction is superposed to 3.6MW on the basis of real-time output of a grid-connected point by the active instruction, and the active instruction is increased to 33.6 MW; during primary frequency modulation, the AGC instruction is reduced to 25MW, the AGC change direction is opposite to the primary frequency modulation active instruction direction, the AGC instruction change is ignored at the moment, and the previous active instruction value is continuously kept; after the frequency is restored to 50Hz, the active command changes to 25MW following the latest AGC command value.
2) Frequency 50Hz → 49.8Hz + AGC increased by 6% Pe
As shown in sub-diagram 2) of fig. 3, when the grid-connected point frequency is 50Hz, the active command is 30MW, and follows the AGC command; entering primary frequency modulation after the frequency is reduced to 49.8Hz, wherein the primary frequency modulation active instruction is superposed to 3.6MW on the basis of real-time output of a grid-connected point by the active instruction, and the active instruction is increased to 33.6 MW; during primary frequency modulation, the AGC instruction rises to 35.4MW, the AGC change direction is the same as the primary frequency modulation active instruction direction, at the moment, a new AGC instruction is used for superposing the primary frequency modulation active instruction, and the active instruction rises to 39 MW; after the frequency is restored to 50Hz, the active command becomes 35.4MW following the latest AGC command value.
3) Frequency 50Hz → 50.2Hz + AGC minus 6% Pe
As shown in fig. 3, sub-diagram 3), when the grid-connected point frequency is 50Hz, the active command is 40MW, and follows the AGC command; when the frequency rises to 50.2Hz, primary frequency modulation is carried out, and at the moment, the active instruction is superposed with a primary frequency modulation active instruction of-3.6 MW on the basis of real-time output of a grid-connected point, and the active instruction is reduced to 36.4 MW; during primary frequency modulation, the AGC instruction is reduced to 35MW, the AGC change direction is the same as the primary frequency modulation active instruction direction, at the moment, a new AGC instruction is used for superposing the primary frequency modulation active instruction, and the active instruction is reduced to 31.4 MW; after the frequency is restored to 50Hz, the active command changes to 35MW following the latest AGC command value.
4) Frequency 50Hz → 50.2Hz + AGC increased by 6% Pe
As shown in sub-diagram 4) of fig. 3, when the grid-connected point frequency is 50Hz, the active command is 30MW, and follows the AGC command; when the frequency rises to 50.2Hz, primary frequency modulation is carried out, and at the moment, the active instruction is superposed with a primary frequency modulation active instruction of-3.6 MW on the basis of real-time output of a grid-connected point, and the active instruction is reduced to 26.4 MW; during the primary frequency modulation, the AGC instruction rises to 35.4MW, the AGC change direction is opposite to the primary frequency modulation active instruction direction, the AGC instruction change is ignored at the moment, and the previous active instruction value is continuously kept; after the frequency is restored to 50Hz, the active command becomes 35.4MW following the latest AGC command value.
In addition, as can be seen from the two curves of the active instruction and the real-time output of the grid-connected point in each graph, the response lag time of the wind power plant is 2.2s, the response time is 5.5s, and the adjustment time is 11.5s, so that the requirements of the Jiangsu power grid on the primary frequency modulation response time of the wind power plant of 3s, the response time of 12s, and the adjustment time of 15s are met.
Claims (17)
1. A frequency active supporting method suitable for new energy and energy storage stations is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: according to the frequency f of the grid-connected point, the frequency change rate df/dt of the grid-connected point and the real-time active power P of the grid-connected pointpccJudging whether to useAn inertia response condition is met; if the inertia response condition is met, calculating to obtain an active instruction delta P simulating inertia responseinerExecuting the step 2; otherwise, simulating inertia response active power instruction delta PinerWhen the value is 0, executing the step 2;
step 2: judging whether a primary frequency modulation response condition is met or not according to the grid-connected point frequency variation, and if yes, calculating to obtain a primary frequency modulation response instruction delta PgovStep 3 is executed, otherwise, primary frequency modulation response is not carried out;
and step 3: during primary frequency modulation, whether a new AGC command is received or not is judged, and if the new AGC command is not received, the total active command P is obtained to be P'agc+ΔPgov+ΔPiner(ii) a If a new AGC command P is receivedagcThen new AGC command P is addedagcAnd AGC instruction P 'of previous time'agcBy comparison, when the frequency is lower (f < f)L) If P isagc＞P′agcThen get the total active command P ═ Pagc+ΔPgov+ΔPinerElse get total active instruction P ═ P'agc+ΔPgov+ΔPinerWhen disturbing in frequency (f > f)L) If P isagc＜P′agcThen get the total active command P ═ Pagc+ΔPgov+ΔPinerElse get total active instruction P ═ P'agc+ΔPgov+ΔPiner；
And 4, step 4: and issuing a total active instruction.
2. The active frequency support method for new energy and storage stations as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step 1, the inertia response conditions are as follows:
and a dead zone R when the absolute value of the rate of change of frequency | df/dt | is greater than the rate of change of frequencyfdAnd the real-time active power P of the grid-connected pointpccGreater than CactPeWherein, CactInertia response minimum threshold, P, for real-time active power of a grid-connected pointeThe rated active power of the whole station.
3. The active frequency support method for new energy and storage stations as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step 1, if an inertia response condition is met, calculating to obtain a simulated inertia response active instruction delta P according to the following formulainer；
In the formula (f)eFor rated frequency, TjIs the time constant of inertia.
4. The active frequency support method for new energy and storage stations as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step 2, the conditions of the primary frequency modulation response are as follows: dead zone f for grid connection point frequency variation exceeding regulation characteristic curved。
5. The active frequency support method for new energy and storage stations as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step 2, if the primary frequency modulation response condition is met, calculating to obtain a primary frequency modulation response instruction delta P according to the following formulagov：
In the formula (f)LIs a frequency lower interference threshold, fHIs the frequency up-scrambling threshold.
6. According toThe active frequency support method for new energy and storage stations of claim 5, wherein: when the new energy station is oriented, the coefficient C is adoptedinCoefficient of sum CoutFor primary frequency modulation response instruction delta PgovPerforming a constraint wherein Cin＞Cout(ii) a The method specifically comprises the following steps:
only when the frequency f is larger than fHAnd the real-time active power P of the grid-connected pointpcc＜CoutPeWhen is Δ Pgov＝0；
Only when the frequency f is larger than fHAnd the real-time active power P of the grid-connected pointpcc≥CoutPeAnd P ispcc＜CinPeThe method comprises the following steps:
ΔPgov＝CoutPe-PPcc(ΔPgov＜0) (9)。
7. a power control apparatus for deployment in a station secondary grid structure already having AGC functionality, comprising: the method comprises the following steps:
the inertia response unit is used for responding to the grid-connected point frequency f, the grid-connected point frequency change rate df/dt and the real-time active power P of the grid-connected pointpccJudging whether an inertia response condition is met; if the inertia response condition is met, calculating to obtain an active instruction delta P simulating inertia responseiner(ii) a If the inertia response condition is not met, simulating inertia response active instruction delta Piner＝0；
A primary frequency modulation response unit for judging whether the condition of primary frequency modulation response is met according to the frequency variation of the grid-connected point, if yes, calculating to obtain a primary frequency modulation response instruction delta PgovOtherwise, not carrying out primary frequency modulation response.
8. A power control apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: the method is serially or parallelly deployed in a station secondary grid structure with an AGC function.
9. A power control apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: the inertia response conditions are as follows:
and a dead zone R when the absolute value of the rate of change of frequency | df/dt | is greater than the rate of change of frequencyfdAnd the real-time active power P of the grid-connected pointpccGreater than CactPeWherein, Cact is the inertia response minimum threshold value of the real-time active power of the grid-connected point, PeRated active power for the whole station;
if the inertia response condition is met, calculating to obtain a simulated inertia response active instruction delta P according to the following formulainer；
In the formula (f)eFor rated frequency, TjIs the time constant of inertia.
10. A power control apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: the conditions of primary frequency modulation response are as follows: dead zone f for grid connection point frequency variation exceeding regulation characteristic curved；
If the frequency modulation command is available, calculating to obtain a primary frequency modulation response command delta P according to the following formulagov：
In the formula (f)LIs a frequency lower interference threshold, fHIs the frequency up-scrambling threshold.
11. According to the claimsThe power control apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: when the method is deployed in a wind power plant/photovoltaic power station secondary grid structure with an AGC function, a coefficient C is adoptedinCoefficient of sum CoutFor primary frequency modulation response instruction delta PgovPerforming a constraint wherein Cin＞Cout(ii) a The method specifically comprises the following steps:
only when the frequency f is larger than fHAnd the real-time active power P of the grid-connected pointpcc＜CoutPeWhen is Δ Pgov＝0；
Only when the frequency f is larger than fHAnd the real-time active power P of the grid-connected pointpcc≥CoutPeAnd P ispcc＜CinPeThe method comprises the following steps:
ΔPgov＝CoutPe-PPcc(ΔPgov＜0) (9)。
12. a wind-powered electricity generation field rack structure which characterized in that: the system comprises a rapid power control device, an EMS for sending an AGC instruction, a fan energy management system and wind turbine generators;
the rapid power control device is serially arranged between an EMS (energy management system) and a fan energy management system, and is used for realizing inertia response and primary frequency modulation by adopting the frequency active support method suitable for the new energy and the energy storage station as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, and forwarding an AGC (automatic gain control) instruction sent by the EMS to the fan energy management system;
and the fan energy management system is used for issuing subdivision instructions to each wind turbine.
13. A wind-powered electricity generation field rack structure which characterized in that: the system comprises a rapid power control device, an EMS for issuing AGC instructions to a fan energy management system and the rapid power control device, a fan energy management system and each wind turbine;
the fast power control device, deployed in parallel with an EMS, is used for realizing inertia response and primary frequency modulation by adopting the frequency active support method applicable to new energy and energy storage stations of any one of claims 1 to 6; when detecting that the grid-connected point frequency enters an inertia response range or a primary frequency modulation range, sending a signal to lock the EMS, simultaneously sending an inertia response active instruction or a primary frequency modulation response instruction, superposing an AGC instruction and sending the AGC instruction to the fan energy management system; when the inertia response or the primary frequency modulation is finished, a locking releasing signal is sent to the EMS;
and the fan energy management system is used for issuing subdivision instructions to each wind turbine.
14. The utility model provides a photovoltaic power plant spatial grid structure which characterized in that: the system comprises a rapid power control device, an AGC and a photovoltaic communication management unit;
the fast power control device is arranged in series with the AGC and is used for carrying out inertia response or primary frequency modulation by adopting the frequency active support method suitable for the new energy and energy storage station as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, issuing an active instruction of simulated inertia response and a primary frequency modulation response instruction to the AGC when the frequency of a grid-connected point enters an inertia response or primary frequency modulation range, and then issuing the instruction to the photovoltaic communication management unit by the AGC in a superposition manner;
and the photovoltaic communication management unit is used for issuing subdivision instructions to the corresponding photovoltaic inverters.
15. The utility model provides a photovoltaic power plant spatial grid structure which characterized in that: the system comprises a rapid power control device, an AGC and a photovoltaic communication management unit;
the AGC is used for simultaneously sending a steady-state instruction to the photovoltaic communication management unit and the rapid power control device when the grid-connected point frequency is in a normal range;
the rapid power control device is deployed in parallel with the AGC and is used for carrying out inertia response or primary frequency modulation by adopting the frequency active supporting method suitable for the new energy and energy storage station as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, sending a signal to the AGC to lock a steady-state instruction of the AGC when the grid-connected point frequency enters an inertia response or primary frequency modulation range, and simultaneously superposing the AGC instruction and sending the AGC instruction to the photovoltaic communication management unit; when the inertia response or the primary frequency modulation is finished, sending a signal to the AGC to release the steady-state instruction locking and lock the instruction sent by the AGC;
and the photovoltaic communication management unit is used for issuing subdivision instructions to the corresponding photovoltaic inverters.
16. The utility model provides an energy storage power station spatial grid structure which characterized in that: the system comprises an energy storage coordination controller, an EMS (energy management system) for issuing an AGC (automatic gain control) instruction and an energy storage PCS (process control system);
the energy storage coordination controller is serially arranged between the EMS and the energy storage PCS and used for carrying out inertia response or primary frequency modulation by adopting the frequency active supporting method suitable for the new energy and the energy storage station as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 and forwarding an AGC command of the EMS to the energy storage PCS.
17. The utility model provides an energy storage power station spatial grid structure which characterized in that: the energy storage coordination controller, the EMS and the energy storage PCS are included;
the EMS is used for sending AGC to the PCS and the energy storage coordination controller when the frequency of the grid-connected point is in a normal range;
the energy storage coordination controller and the EMS are deployed in parallel and used for locking an instruction issued by the EMS when the frequency of a grid-connected point is in a normal range, performing inertia response or primary frequency modulation by adopting the frequency active support method suitable for the new energy and the energy storage station as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, sending a signal to the EMS to lock an AGC instruction issued when the frequency of the grid-connected point enters an inertia response or primary frequency modulation range, and superposing the AGC instruction on the basis of simulating an inertia response active instruction or a primary frequency modulation response instruction to issue to the energy storage PCS; and when the inertia response or the primary frequency modulation is finished, sending a locking releasing signal to the EMS to enable the EMS to continuously send an AGC command, and locking the command sent by the EMS.
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