CN113989449B - Three-dimensional reconstruction method for aviation image of historical film - Google Patents
Three-dimensional reconstruction method for aviation image of historical film Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a three-dimensional reconstruction method of a historical aviation image, in particular to a three-dimensional reconstruction method of a historical aviation influence existing in a film form. The invention converts historical film data into digital three-dimensional model data by digitizing and reconstructing three-dimensional model aiming at historical aerial images. A visual and measurable three-dimensional model result is formed, the historical aerial photograph is revived, and the life cycle of the historical aerial image is prolonged. The method has the advantages that the historical aviation image data is effectively stored in a digital mode, the data safety is guaranteed, information resource loss is avoided, and the reconstructed image can be used as historical data for reference of multiple works such as urban planning research and historical building restoration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a three-dimensional reconstruction method of a historical aviation image, in particular to a three-dimensional reconstruction method of a historical aviation influence existing in a film form.
Background
Aerial photography is a main technical means and a data source for rapidly acquiring original data resources and dynamically updating basic geographic information, and aerial image data pixels have high ground resolution, so that the aerial image data pixels are not only basic information sources for measuring and updating basic scale topographic maps or image maps, but also important data sources for acquiring basic information or updating spatial data in the construction process of the geographic information system which is currently and vigorously developed. The history aviation image can objectively and truly record and reflect the evolution and transition processes of the surface morphology, the topography, the environmental condition, the natural landscape and the humane landscape in each history period, is the visual reflection of the objective real world of the resource and environment problem research and the transformation of the city, and provides scientific decision support for social progress and sustainable development.
For years, the aviation photography work of China is unprecedented in China, a large amount of aviation image data is obtained, a lot of precious historical data and information resources are accumulated, and the aviation photography work is widely applied to aspects of resource exploration, town planning, agricultural development, hydraulic engineering, land utilization, environment monitoring, traffic communication, disaster prevention and reduction, boundary investigation, key economic construction projects and the like, and provides very important basic data for national economy, social development, national defense construction and scientific research.
With the development of technology progress and the development of aerophotography technology, simultaneously, the software and hardware equipment is rapidly updated, and the application of digital aeronautical images in China has reached the advanced level abroad nowadays, and the aeronautical photography data materials are also all stored digitally. However, the original historical image data is still stored in a film mode, and the media can deform, deteriorate, damage and the like due to long-term storage, and even fire and explosion of a film of a nitric acid film base can be caused, so that a great hidden danger exists in the safety and integrity of aerial data information resources. Therefore, the historical aviation image data is digitally stored, and simultaneously, the three-dimensional model is rebuilt aiming at the digitized data, so that the data can ensure the safety of the data, avoid the loss of information resources, and can be used as the historical data for various works such as urban planning research, historical building restoration and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a three-dimensional reconstruction method of aviation images of a historical film, which aims to solve the problem that aviation historical image data, especially films, are inconvenient to store, and performs three-dimensional reconstruction on the aviation historical image data, wherein the reconstructed data provides references for related works.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a three-dimensional reconstruction method of an aviation image of a historical film comprises the following steps:
Step1 historical film aerial image digitization
Acquiring the aviation influence of a historical film by using a aerial camera scanner or a film turner to form a digital image;
step2 digital image preprocessing
Cleaning the digital image obtained in Step1, and removing black frames and positioning points on the image; the process is that the black frame is removed by cutting the image through the cutting frame, cutting locating points are set to remove locating points of the cut image, and finally the image is output, wherein the reverse image is required to be rotated into the forward image.
Step3 three-dimensional model reconstruction using digitized images
Firstly, an image coordinate three-dimensional model is established through an image dense matching method based on a digital image, then an image control point is selected based on the generated image coordinate three-dimensional model, a stab point is carried out on an image preprocessed in Step2 by using the image control point, and finally a geospatial coordinate three-dimensional model is generated through the image dense matching method based on the image after the stab point. The selection of the image control points is to select places where the history influences shooting and the existing state are not changed in the three-dimensional model of the image coordinates.
Step3.1, carrying out image internal orientation on the digitized graph;
step3.2, establishing an image coordinate three-dimensional model through an image dense matching method and outputting an image coordinate image;
Step3.3, selecting an image control point based on the three-dimensional model of the image coordinate, and performing external orientation of the image control point, namely acquiring the three-dimensional coordinate of the image control point;
And step3.4, performing image control point puncturing on the preprocessed image, establishing an image coordinate three-dimensional model through an image dense matching method, and outputting a geospatial coordinate image.
The image dense matching method specifically comprises image dense matching, TIN model construction, texture mapping and three-dimensional scene construction, wherein quality inspection is required after the three-dimensional scene construction is completed, the three-dimensional scene is output if the three-dimensional scene is qualified, and the three-dimensional model is regenerated after the three-dimensional scene is unqualified.
And after the external orientation of the image control point is carried out, the geographic coordinates are written into the original photo of the historical image.
The beneficial effects are that: according to the invention, the historical film containing the aerial image information is processed to obtain the corresponding three-dimensional image, so that not only is the historical aerial image information effectively stored in a digitalized mode and is the safety of the data information ensured and the information resource loss avoided, but also the reconstructed image can be used as the reference of the historical data for various works such as urban planning research and historical building restoration.
Drawings
Fig. 1: the whole flow chart of the method of the invention;
fig. 2: in the embodiment of the invention, the history aerial photographing range;
Fig. 3: the aerial image film photographing instrument adopted by the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4: the embodiment of the invention partially turns over the history aerial image;
fig. 5: the image clipping schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6: the image after clipping in the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 7: in the embodiment of the invention, a three-dimensional model reconstruction flow chart is provided;
fig. 8: in the embodiment of the invention, the three-dimensional reconstructed image is displayed.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made in detail to the drawings and specific examples.
Example 1: in this example, the aerial image of the historical film is flipped and reconstructed in three dimensions by the method shown in fig. 1 and described above, as shown in fig. 2, the aerial image is an image of the Kunming area shot in 1989, and the heading overlay and the side overlay of the original historical aerial image data meet the requirements, as shown in fig. 3, and the film flipping system is assembled by an aerial image scanner or an ultra-high pixel professional camera. The minimum geometrical resolution of the flap machine is required to be no more than 25 μm and is subject to strict calibration prior to use. In the embodiment, 1 high-precision large-format film turner is designed and assembled, 1 staff loads aerial photos, exposes and passes the aerial photos at one time, the whole shooting link is high in working efficiency, the whole turner takes about 10 working days, the whole turner comprises instrument and equipment debugging and the like, the turner operation of 6000 aerial image films of 23cm multiplied by 23cm is completed, and 6000 effective 8Bit digital photos are finally formed due to the fact that the films are black-white photos in the period, and the image definition after turner is high.
The digital photo preprocessing mainly cuts the digital history image after the photographing, and the aim of the work is mainly to enable the original film image to have an image positioning angle, and meanwhile, black frames still remain after all images are scanned, as shown in (a) and (b) of fig. 4, and two of the images are taken as an example. And these black frames and these anchor points cannot appear at the later stage of model reconstruction. And therefore requires cleaning for the bezel and the localization angle. In this embodiment, a tool for cutting frames in batches is designed. The clipping frames of the original image are shown in fig. 6 (c) and (d), the black frames are removed by clipping the images through the clipping frames, clipping positioning points are set for removing the positioning points of the clipped images and outputting the images, and finally the images are output, wherein the reverse images need to be rotated into forward images. The cropped image is shown in fig. 6.
Then, three-dimensional reconstruction is required to be performed on the processed images, and according to the method shown in fig. 7, since all the images have no POS coordinate information, model reconstruction can only be performed by a method of dense matching of the images; secondly, after three-dimensional reconstruction, the model only has graphic coordinates and has no geographic coordinate system or projection coordinate system, so that the three-dimensional coordinates of the image control points are acquired by taking the places which are selected from the three-dimensional model and have no change in the characteristic points of the buildings and the like when certain historical images are shot; and finally, puncturing the image control points in the historical image, and repeating the subsequent work again to restore the historical image model. The specific process is as follows:
(1) Carrying out image internal orientation on the digitized graph;
(2) Establishing an image coordinate three-dimensional model by an image dense matching method and outputting an image coordinate image;
(3) Selecting an image control point based on the image coordinate three-dimensional model, and performing external orientation of the image control point, namely acquiring the three-dimensional coordinates of the image control point;
(4) And (3) performing image control point puncturing on the preprocessed image, establishing an image coordinate three-dimensional model through an image dense matching method, and outputting a geospatial coordinate image.
The image dense matching method specifically comprises image dense matching, TIN model construction, texture mapping and three-dimensional scene construction, wherein quality inspection is required after the three-dimensional scene construction is completed, the three-dimensional scene is output if the three-dimensional scene is qualified, and the three-dimensional model is regenerated after the three-dimensional scene is unqualified.
And after the external orientation of the image control point is carried out, the geographic coordinates are written into the original photo of the historical image.
Finally, the reconstructed image is shown in fig. 8, and through the above process, the historical film image can be converted into a digital three-dimensional model scene and a digital historical image photo with geographic coordinates. These achievements are of great significance for long-term preservation of historical images, historical-period humanity, geography, historic research and the like.
It should be understood that the description of the embodiments above is illustrative only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It is within the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art to make various changes without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. A three-dimensional reconstruction method of an aviation image of a historical film is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step1 historical film aerial image digitization
Acquiring historical film aerial images by using an aerial camera scanner or a film turner to form a digital image;
step2 digital image preprocessing
Cleaning the digital image obtained in Step1, and removing black frames and positioning points on the image;
Step3 three-dimensional model reconstruction using digitized images
Firstly, establishing an image coordinate three-dimensional model based on a digital image through an image dense matching method, selecting image control points based on the generated image coordinate three-dimensional model, performing stabbing points on an image preprocessed in Step2 by using the image control points, and finally generating a geospatial coordinate three-dimensional model based on the image after stabbing points through the image dense matching method;
The digital image data cleaning process in Step2 is that the black frame is removed by cutting the image through a cutting frame, cutting locating points are set to remove locating points of the cut image, and finally the image is output, wherein the reverse image is required to be rotated into a forward image;
the specific process of Step3 is as follows:
Step3.1, carrying out image internal orientation on the digitized graph;
step3.2, establishing an image coordinate three-dimensional model through an image dense matching method and outputting an image coordinate image;
Step3.3, selecting an image control point based on the three-dimensional model of the image coordinate, and performing external orientation of the image control point, namely acquiring the three-dimensional coordinate of the image control point;
step3.4, performing image control point puncturing on the preprocessed image, establishing an image coordinate three-dimensional model through an image dense matching method, and outputting a geospatial coordinate image;
the selection of the image control points is to select places where the historical image shooting and the existing state are not changed in the three-dimensional model of the image coordinates;
the image dense matching method specifically comprises image dense matching, TIN model construction, texture mapping and three-dimensional scene construction, wherein after the three-dimensional scene construction is completed, quality inspection is required, the three-dimensional scene is output if the three-dimensional scene is qualified, and the three-dimensional model is regenerated after the three-dimensional scene is unqualified;
and after the external orientation of the image control point is carried out, the geographic coordinates are written into the original photo of the historical image.
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| CN107610215A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2018-01-19 | 桂林航天工业学院 | A kind of high-precision multi-angle oral cavity 3 D digital imaging model building method |
| CN111935399A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-11-13 | 昆明市测绘研究院 | Digitalization method of historical navigation films |
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| CA3012049A1 (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2017-07-27 | Ez3D, Llc | System and method for structural inspection and construction estimation using an unmanned aerial vehicle |
| CN113096250A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-07-09 | 华中师范大学 | Three-dimensional building model library system construction method based on unmanned aerial vehicle aerial image sequence |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107610215A (en) * | 2017-08-11 | 2018-01-19 | 桂林航天工业学院 | A kind of high-precision multi-angle oral cavity 3 D digital imaging model building method |
| CN111935399A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-11-13 | 昆明市测绘研究院 | Digitalization method of historical navigation films |
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