CN113988094B - Contactless transponder and method - Google Patents

Contactless transponder and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113988094B
CN113988094B CN202110846444.7A CN202110846444A CN113988094B CN 113988094 B CN113988094 B CN 113988094B CN 202110846444 A CN202110846444 A CN 202110846444A CN 113988094 B CN113988094 B CN 113988094B
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contactless
interface
memory
control
transponder
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CN113988094A (en
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J-L·拉拜雷
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STMicroelectronics Grenoble 2 SAS
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STMicroelectronics Grenoble 2 SAS
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Priority claimed from FR2007916A external-priority patent/FR3112877B1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10297—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves arrangements for handling protocols designed for non-contact record carriers such as RFIDs NFCs, e.g. ISO/IEC 14443 and 18092
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10257—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves arrangements for protecting the interrogation against piracy attacks

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
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Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to contactless transponders and methods. According to one aspect, a contactless transponder comprises: a memory; an antenna configured to receive a signal; a contactless interface coupled to the antenna and configured to issue a memory access request in accordance with the received signal; a wired interface configured to receive a memory access request; an arbitration module configured to grant access to the memory for access requests issued by the contactless interface or for access requests received by the wired interface, and wherein the wired interface is further configured to receive shutdown controls and send these to the arbitration module, the arbitration module being configured to be able to shut down the contactless interface upon receipt of the shutdown controls.

Description

Contactless transponder and method
Cross Reference to Related Applications
The application claims the benefit of french application number 2007916 filed 7/27 in 2020, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Technical Field
Embodiments and implementations of the present disclosure relate to contactless transponders, and in particular to NFC transponders or RFID transponders.
Background
In the field of wireless (contactless) communication technology, radio frequency identification is well known, more known under the name RFID (radio frequency identification). RFID can automatically detect and identify transponders attached to objects using radio frequency waves.
Near field communication is also well known in the field of wireless communication technology, more known by the name NFC (near field communication), which is an extension of radio frequency identification.
Near field communication is a short-range communication between a contactless reader and a transponder by means of radio frequency waves.
A contactless transponder is an electronic device capable of exchanging information with a contactless reader via an antenna according to a contactless communication protocol, such as a protocol compatible with NFC or RFID technology.
The contactless transponder may be a tag or a card.
Such a contactless transponder may be incorporated in a connection object which likewise comprises a microcontroller. The contactless transponder is then used as a gateway between the contactless reader and the microcontroller of the connection object.
The connection object may be a connected watch, or a connected home automation device, or other connected public device (such as a connected street light), examples of which are not limiting.
The contactless reader is an external communication device, which may be, for example, a cellular mobile phone (also referred to as a "smart phone").
The contactless transponder may comprise a wired interface allowing communication with the microcontroller and a contactless interface connected to an antenna of the connected object allowing communication with the contactless reader.
The contactless transponder may also include a memory accessible by the wired interface and the contactless interface.
Such contactless transponders acting as gateway may also be referred to as "dynamic transponders" because the data temporarily stored in its memory may change over time, either due to the contactless reader or due to the microcontroller.
For such transponders, simultaneous access to the memory via a wired interface and a contactless interface is not possible. Thus, an arbitration solution is typically provided, allowing management of memory accesses. In particular, the arbitration solution used includes a wired interface and a contactless interface that gives memory access rights to the first access request. As long as memory is accessed by the interface that obtained access rights, memory access requests by other interfaces are ignored.
The interface waiting for the memory access has no pieces of information about the state of the memory access. Thus, this interface will issue new access requests periodically until it is granted access to memory.
However, access requests for contactless interfaces may be frequent, especially when the transponder is attacked by repeated access requests issued by a contactless reader. In this case, the access request issued by the microcontroller can be ignored as long as a memory access is allocated to the contactless interface. Thus, access requests from the contactless interface make it difficult or even impossible for the microcontroller to access the memory. Therefore, since the microcontroller must issue access requests periodically, it can be time consuming and energy consuming to assign memory access rights to the wired interface.
It is therefore necessary to provide a solution that allows the transponder to grant access to the memory to the microcontroller at any time, in particular when a repeated access request is made by the contactless interface.
Disclosure of Invention
According to one aspect, a contactless transponder comprises: a memory; an antenna configured to receive a signal (in particular a radio frequency signal); a contactless interface coupled to the antenna and configured to issue a memory access request according to the received signal; a wired interface configured to receive a memory access request; an arbitration module configured to grant access to the memory for access requests issued by the contactless interface or for access requests received by the wired interface, and wherein the wired interface is further configured to receive shutdown controls and send those shutdown controls to the arbitration module, the arbitration module being configured to be able to close the contactless interface upon receipt of the shutdown controls, so that exclusive access to the memory is granted for access requests received by the wired interface.
In particular, the wired interface may be configured to receive memory access requests from a main module external to the transponder, in particular via a bus. The main module is a processing unit, such as a microcontroller. The master module may be configured to issue a shutdown control and a transponder access request to memory.
The transponder can thus act as a gateway between the main module and the contactless reader.
The proposed transponder is configured to close the contactless interface as soon as the master module indicates that it wishes to access the memory by sending a shutdown control to the wired interface of the transponder. By closing the contactless interface the latter can no longer access the memory.
Thus, the contactless interface can no longer prevent the master from accessing the memory.
In this way, the master module obtains exclusive access to the memory.
Such transponders are therefore robust against attacks by repeated access requests issued by contactless readers.
In an advantageous embodiment, the arbitration module is configured to generate an interrupt signal and to send the interrupt signal to the output of the transponder after closing the contactless interface.
Thus, the transponder output is configured to send an interrupt signal to the master module. In particular, the main module may comprise an input electrically connected to an output of the transponder, the connection being connected by a wire to receive the interrupt signal. The interrupt signal then allows the master module to be notified that the contactless interface has been closed. Thus, the interrupt signal may indicate to the master that its memory access request may be processed.
Thus, the master does not have to issue memory access requests until memory access is allowed. The master simply waits to receive an interrupt signal. Upon receiving the interrupt signal, the master is notified that its memory access request will be allowed.
Because the master only has to wait for the interrupt signal to be received, the power consumption of the master will be reduced. In addition, time may be saved because the interrupt signal indicates the time at which the access request may be issued and allowed.
In addition, the traffic on the bus is also reduced.
In an advantageous embodiment, the wired interface is further configured to receive reactivation controls and to send these reactivation controls to an arbitration module, which is configured to reactivate the contactless interface upon receipt of the reactivation controls.
In particular, the master module may be configured to issue a reactivation control, which is sent to the wired interface.
Thus, the wired interface may be configured to receive reactivation control from the master module.
In this way, the master module is configured to reactivate the contactless interface when access to memory is no longer required.
In particular, the master module may be configured to be able to reactivate the contactless interface at the end of a memory access of the master module.
Alternatively or in combination, the contactless interface may also be re-activated when the wired interface is deactivated, in particular when the wired power supply is switched off.
In an advantageous embodiment, the arbitration module is configured to receive pieces of information about the status of a write access of the contactless interface to the memory, and when a shutdown control is received while the write access of the contactless interface to the memory is ongoing, wait for the write access to complete to shut down the contactless interface.
Thus, the transponder is configured to allow the contactless interface to complete writing to the memory after receiving the shutdown control.
The transponder then allows protection of the contactless interface against memory corruption that might occur if the contactless interface was turned off before the writing was completed.
Advantageously, the wired interface is adapted to be coupled to an I 2 C (inter integrated circuit) bus. Alternatively, the bus may be of the SPI (serial peripheral interface) type.
Preferably, the wired interface is configured to receive a control comprising an address and useful data.
Thus, the wired interface is adapted to communicate with a bus of the type I 2 C.
In an advantageous embodiment, the shutdown control is a control comprising an address and read/write bits dedicated to the shutdown control. Preferably, the address is represented by 7 bits.
Then, the shutdown control has a simple structure. This architecture is suitable for transmission by an I 2 C type bus.
Because a dedicated address is selected for this shutdown control, the shutdown control is not treated by the transponder as a memory access request. Therefore, the shutdown control has no effect on the processing of memory access requests through the bus.
Advantageously, the shutdown control is represented by a single byte. The shutdown control can then be sent quickly.
Alternatively, however, shutdown control may be provided that may be represented in more than one byte.
Also, in an advantageous embodiment, the reactivation control is a control that includes only addresses and read/write bits dedicated to the reactivation control.
Then, the reactivation control has a simple structure. This architecture is suitable for transmission by an I 2 C type bus.
In particular, the address for the reactivation control is different from the address for the shutdown control.
Because a special address is selected for this reactivation control, the reactivation control is not treated by the transponder as a memory access request. Thus, the reactivation control has no effect on the processing of memory access requests over the bus.
In an advantageous embodiment, the reactivation control is represented by a single byte. The reactivation control can then be sent quickly.
Alternatively, however, reactivation control may also be provided which may be represented in more than one byte.
Preferably, the transponder is capable of exchanging information items with an external contactless reader via the antenna according to a contactless communication protocol compatible with NFC or RFID technology.
According to another aspect, a system includes a transponder as described above, and a master module coupled to a wired interface of the transponder, the master module configured to issue a shutdown control to the transponder, and then to send a memory access request after a contactless interface shutdown by an arbitration module of the transponder after receiving the shutdown control of the wired interface.
In an advantageous embodiment, the main module is a microcontroller.
According to another aspect, a connection object comprising a system as described above is specified.
According to another aspect, a method for managing access to a memory of a transponder as described above, comprises receiving, by a wired interface, a shutdown control, then sending the shutdown control to an arbitration module, and then closing, by the arbitration module, a contactless interface in order to grant exclusive access to the memory for an access request received by the wired interface.
In an advantageous embodiment, the method comprises, after the contactless interface has been shut down by the arbitration module, generating an interrupt signal by the arbitration module and then sending the interrupt signal to the output of the transponder.
In an advantageous embodiment, when a shutdown control is received while a write access to the memory by the contactless interface is ongoing, the shutdown of the contactless interface is performed after the write access is completed.
In an advantageous embodiment, the method comprises, after closing the contactless interface, receiving a reactivation control via the wired interface, then sending the reactivation control to the arbitration module, and then reactivating the contactless interface via the arbitration module.
Drawings
Other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent from a review of the detailed description of the embodiments and examples (which are in no way limiting) and the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 illustrates a system comprising a contactless transponder and a main module;
FIG. 2 illustrates a memory access management method;
FIGS. 3-7 illustrate timing diagrams of various memory access management examples; and
Fig. 8 illustrates a connection object including the system of fig. 1.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a system SYS according to one embodiment. The system SYS is configured to communicate with a contactless reader LSC.
The contactless reader LSC may be an external contactless communication device, such as a multifunctional mobile phone, a so-called "smart phone".
The contactless reader LSC includes an antenna ANTL.
The system SYS comprises a contactless transponder TRS and a master module MM.
The master module MM is a processing unit, such as a microcontroller.
The transponder TRS may be a tag or a card.
The transponder TRS acts as a gateway between the master module MM and the contactless reader LSC.
The transponder TRS comprises an antenna ANT configured to receive a radio frequency signal RAD emitted by a contactless reader LSC.
In particular, the transponder TRS is capable of exchanging information items with the contactless reader LSC via the antenna ANT according to a contactless communication protocol, for example compatible with NFC or RFID technology.
NFC technology is an open technology platform, standardized in the standards ISO/IEC 18092 and ISO/IEC21481, and incorporates many existing standards such as, for example, ISO 14443 or ISO 15693 for communication protocols.
When an information item is transmitted between the reader LSC and the transponder TRS, the reader LSC generates a magnetic field, typically a sinusoidal carrier wave of 13.56MHz, through its antenna ANTL. The information segments are transmitted by amplitude modulation of the carrier wave.
The transponder TRS comprises a contactless interface IR coupled with an antenna ANT.
The contactless interface IR comprises in particular a demodulator (not shown) adapted to demodulate the received radio frequency signal to obtain the data transmitted from the reader LSC.
The transponder TRS further comprises a wired interface IF connected to the master module MM via a bus BI. Preferably, bus BI is an I 2 C bus. Alternatively, the bus BI may be of the SPI (serial peripheral interface) type, for example.
In particular, the bus BI comprises two bidirectional lines. The first SDA line is configured to transmit data. The second SCL line is the synchronous clock line.
The contactless transponder TRS also comprises a memory MEM, in particular a non-volatile memory. The memory MEM may be, for example, an EEPROM memory.
The contactless reader LSC is configured to issue an access request to the memory MEM for the transponder TRS. These access requests are sent to the transponder TRS via radio frequency signals RAD, which signals can be received by the antenna ANT of the transponder TRS.
The contactless interface IR is configured to receive MEM access requests generated by radio frequency signals received by the antenna ANT from the contactless reader LSC.
The contactless interface may be in an activated or a deactivated state. The state of the contactless interface is memorized in a register.
The master module MM is also configured to issue a request to the memory MEM to access the transponder LSC and to send the request to the wired interface IF via the bus BI.
Thus, the wired interface IF is configured to receive an access request to the memory MEM issued by the master module MM.
However, the memory MEM cannot be accessed by both the access request received by the wired interface IF and the access request received by the contactless interface IR.
The transponder TRS then comprises an arbitration module MA allowing to manage the access to the memory MEM.
The arbitration module MA may be a logic circuit.
The arbitration module MA is connected to the wired interface IF, the contactless interface IR and the memory MEM. Thus, the arbitration module MA may receive access requests from the wired interface IF and the contactless interface IR and then send these requests to the memory MEM.
In addition, the master module MM is also configured to issue a shutdown control, and send the shutdown control to the wired interface IF via the bus BI.
The wired interface IF is configured to receive the shutdown control and to send the shutdown control to the arbitration module MA.
The arbitration module MA is configured to receive a shutdown control from the wired interface IF and to shut down the contactless interface IR after receiving such a shutdown control.
Closing the contactless interface IR may prevent the contactless reader LSC from accessing the memory MEM of the transponder TRS. The access request issued by the contactless reader LSC is ignored.
The master module has exclusive access to memory.
In particular, the transponder TRS is configured to shut down the contactless interface IR as soon as the master module MM indicates that it wishes to access the memory MEM by sending a shutdown control to the wired interface IF of the transponder TRS. By switching off the contactless interface IR, the contactless interface IR can no longer access the memory MEM.
In this way the master module MM obtains exclusive access to the memory MEM.
Therefore, the contactless interface IR can no longer prevent the access of the main module MM to the memory MEM.
Thus, such a transponder TRS is robust against repeated access requests from contactless reader LSCs.
More specifically, the arbitration module MM is configured to wait for the completion of a write access to the memory MEM to shut down the contactless interface IR when it receives a shutdown control while the write access is in progress.
Thus, the arbitration module MA is configured to prevent memory MEM corruption that may occur when the contactless interface IR is turned off before the writing is completed.
Preferably, the shutdown control is a control including only an address and read/write bits dedicated to the shutdown control.
Then, the shutdown control has a simple structure. This structure is suitable for being sent by a bus BI of the type I 2 C.
Since the dedicated address is selected for the shutdown control, the shutdown control is not treated by the transponder TRS as a memory access request. Therefore, the shutdown control has no effect on the processing of memory access requests via the bus BI.
Advantageously, the shutdown control is represented by a single byte and the address dedicated to shutdown control is represented by 7 bits.
In this way, the shutdown control can be sent quickly.
In addition, the arbitration module MA is configured to generate an interrupt signal INT and to send the interrupt signal to the output O1 of the transponder TRS after the contactless interface IR is turned off after receiving the shutdown control.
Then, the output O1 is configured to send the interrupt signal INT to the input I1 of the main module MM through a wired connection between the output O1 and the input I1.
The interrupt signal INT may inform the master module MM that the contactless interface IR has been turned off. Thus, the interrupt signal INT may indicate to the master module MM that its access request to the memory MEM may be handled.
Therefore, the master module MM does not have to issue a request to access the memory MEM until the memory MEM access request is granted. The master module MM only has to wait for receiving the interrupt signal INT to know that it can issue a request to access the memory MEM after issuing a shutdown control.
Because the master module MM only has to wait for receiving the interrupt signal INT, the power consumption of the master module MM is reduced. In addition, time can be saved because the interrupt signal INT indicates the time at which the access request can be issued and granted.
In addition, the traffic on the bus BI is also reduced.
In addition, the master module MM is also configured to issue a reactivation control and send it to the wired interface IF via the bus BI.
The arbitration module is configured to receive reactivation control from the wired interface IF and to reactivate the contactless interface IR after receiving such reactivation control.
Reactivating the contactless interface IR allows the contactless reader LSC to re-access the memory MEM of the transponder TRS. Thus, the access request from the contactless interface IR is no longer ignored.
Preferably, the reactivation control is a control including only an address and read/write bits dedicated to the reactivation control.
Then, the reactivation control has a simple structure. This structure is suitable for transmission by the I 2 C-type bus BI.
In particular, the address for the reactivation control is different from the address for the shutdown control.
Since a dedicated address is selected for this reactivation control, the reactivation control is not seen by the transponder TRS as a memory access request. Thus, the reactivation control has no effect on the processing of memory access requests via the bus BI.
Preferably, the reactivation control is represented by a single byte, and the address dedicated to the reactivation control is represented by 7 bits.
The reactivation control may then be sent quickly.
Alternatively or in combination, the arbitration module may be configured to be able to re-activate the contactless interface when the wired interface is deactivated (in particular when the wired power supply is switched off).
Fig. 2 illustrates a memory access management method that may be implemented by the transponder TRS described above.
In step 20, the arbitration module MA receives the shutdown control from the main module MM received by the wired interface IF.
If the contactless interface IR is making a write access to the memory MEM when the arbitration module MA receives the shutdown control, the arbitration module MA waits for the write access to be completed in step 21, and then turns off the contactless interface IR in step 22.
Otherwise, if the contactless interface IR is not in the process of performing a write access to the memory MEM, the arbitration module MA directly proceeds to step 22 after receiving the shutdown control, thereby shutting down the contactless interface IR.
After the contactless interface IR is turned off in step 22, the arbitration module MA generates the interrupt signal INT in step 23 and sends the interrupt signal INT to the wired interface IF. This interrupt signal is sent to the output O1 of the transponder TRS. This interrupt signal is then sent to the input I1 of the master module MM via a wired connection between the input I1 of the master module and the output O1 of the transponder TRS. The interrupt signal is used to indicate to the master module MM its exclusive access to the memory MEM.
The contactless interface IR remains in the off-state in step 24 until the arbitration module MA receives the reactivation control from the master module MM received by the wired interface IF.
Upon receiving the reactivation control, the arbitration module reactivates the contactless interface in step 25.
Alternatively, the arbitration module may reactivate the contactless interface when the wired interface is disabled (particularly when the wired power is turned off).
Fig. 3 to 7 illustrate examples of embodiments of the above memory access management method. In these figures, signal 100 represents the radio frequency control received and issued by the contactless interface IR, signal 101 represents the power-off control received by the wired interface IF, and signal 102 represents the status of the write access to the memory MEM by the contactless interface IR (the high state of the signal indicates that a write access is in progress and the low state indicates that no write access is in progress). Signal 103 represents the state of the contactless interface (a high state of the signal indicates that the contactless interface is activated and a low state indicates that the contactless interface is closed) and signal 104 represents an interrupt signal (shown as low).
In the example shown in fig. 3, the shutdown control CA is received by the arbitration module MA before the contactless reader LSC issues an access request RA to the memory.
The access request RA is sent in a frame comprising a first start frame bit S, an access request RA and a last end frame bit E. The shutdown control CA is sent in a frame comprising a first start frame bit S, the shutdown control CA, then an acknowledgement bit a and an end frame bit P.
As indicated by the low state of signal 102, no write access is in progress at the end of receiving the shutdown control AC.
Since no write access to the memory is in progress, the arbitration module MA can directly shut down the contactless interface IR. Signal 103 thus switches to a low state. After switching off the contactless interface IR, the arbitration module MA generates an interrupt signal and sends the interrupt signal to the wired interface IF (see signal 104 switching to low).
With the contactless interface IR turned off, the access request of the contactless reader LSC is not processed. Thus, no response is sent after the access request (no response is represented by the information fragment NREP). The master module MM then obtains exclusive access to the memory MEM by the transponder TRS.
In the example shown in fig. 4, the shutdown control CA is received by the arbitration module MA, while the access request RA issued by the contactless reader LSC is also received by the arbitration module MA.
As previously described, the access request RA is sent in a frame comprising a first start frame bit S, the access request RA and a last end frame bit E; the shutdown control CA is sent in a frame comprising a first start frame bit S, the shutdown control CA, then an acknowledgement bit a and an end frame bit P.
The reception of the shutdown control ends before the reception of the access request ends. Thus, at the end of receipt of the shutdown control, no write access is in progress, as indicated by the low state of signal 102.
Since no write access to the memory is in progress, the arbitration module MA can directly shut down the contactless interface IR. Thus, signal 103 switches to a low state.
After switching off the contactless interface IR, the arbitration module MA generates an interrupt signal and sends it to the wired interface IF (see signal 104 switched to low).
With the contactless interface IR closed, the access request issued by the contactless reader LSC is not processed. Thus, no response is sent after the access request (no response is represented by the message track NREP). The master module MM then obtains exclusive access to the memory MEM by the transponder TRS.
In the example shown in fig. 5, the arbitration module MA receives the shutdown control CA after receiving the memory access request NWM from the contactless reader LSC, but before the transponder TRS issues a response to this access control. Here, the access request NWM is not a memory write access request.
The access request NWM is sent in a frame comprising a first start frame bit S, and then the access request NWM ends at a last end frame bit E. The shutdown control CA is sent in a frame comprising a start frame bit S, a shutdown control CA, then an acknowledgement bit a and an end frame bit P.
Since no write access to the memory is in progress, the arbitration module MA can directly shut down the contactless interface IR. Signal 103 thus switches to a low state.
After switching off the contactless interface IR, the arbitration module MA generates an interrupt signal and sends it to the wired interface IF (see signal 104 switching to low).
With the contactless interface IR turned off, an access request from the contactless reader LSC is not processed. After the access request, no response is sent (no response is represented by information NREP). The master module MM then obtains exclusive access to the memory MEM by the transponder TRS.
In the example shown in fig. 6, the arbitration module MA receives the shutdown control CA after receiving a write access request WM to the memory from the contactless reader LSC, but before the transponder TRS issues a response to this access control.
The write access WM request is sent in a frame comprising a first start frame bit S, the access request WM and then a last end frame bit E. The shutdown control CA is sent in a frame comprising a start frame bit S shutdown control CA, followed by an acknowledgement bit a and an end frame bit P.
Because the write memory access is in progress, the arbitration module MA cannot directly shut down the contactless interface IR to prevent memory corruption that may result from shutting down the contactless interface IR during a write access to memory by the contactless interface IR.
Thus, the arbitration module MA waits for completion of the write access before closing the contactless interface IR. After the write access is completed, the arbitration module MA closes the contactless interface IR. Signal 103 thus switches to a low state.
After switching off the contactless interface IR, the arbitration module MA generates an interrupt signal and sends it to the wired interface IF (see signal 104 switching to low).
With the contactless interface IR closed, no response is sent after this access request (lack of response is indicated by information NREP). The master module MM then obtains exclusive access to the memory MEM by the transponder TRS.
In the example shown in fig. 7, the contactless reader LSC issues a memory access request. The memory access request is processed and a response REP to the access request is sent to the contactless reader LSC.
The access request RA is sent in a frame comprising a first start frame bit S, the access request RA, and then a last end frame bit E. The response REP is contained in a frame starting with a start frame bit S. The shutdown control CA is sent in a frame comprising a start frame bit S, a shutdown control CA, then an acknowledgement bit a and an end frame bit P.
The shutdown control is received after starting to send a response to the contactless reader LSC but before the end of the transmission. Since no write access to the memory occurs after the shutdown control is received, the arbitration module MA can directly shut down the contactless interface IR. Signal 103 thus switches to a low state.
After switching off the contactless interface IR, the arbitration module MA generates an interrupt signal and sends it to the wired interface IF (see signal 104 switching to low).
With the contactless interface IR turned off, the access request issued by the contactless reader LSC is not processed, nor is the transmission of the response REP finally completed. The master module MM then obtains exclusive access to the memory MEM by the transponder TRS.
The system SYS described above may be used in the field of connecting objects. Therefore, fig. 8 schematically illustrates a connection object OBJ including the system SYS as described above. The connection object OBJ may be a connected wristwatch, or a connected home automation device, or a connected public device, such as a connected lamppost, examples of which are not limited.

Claims (17)

1. A contactless transponder comprising:
A memory;
An antenna configured to receive a signal;
A contactless interface coupled to the antenna and configured to issue a first memory access request in accordance with the received signal;
A wired interface configured to receive a second memory access request, receive a shutdown control, and send the shutdown control to an arbitration module; and
The arbitration module is configured to:
Granting access to the memory for the first memory access request issued by the contactless interface or for the second memory access request received by the wired interface;
upon receiving a shutdown control initiated by a master module and received via the wired interface, closing the contactless interface to grant exclusive access to the memory for the second memory access request received from the master module via the wired interface; and
After the contactless interface is closed and when the contactless interface is closed, an interrupt signal indicating that the contactless interface is closed is generated and sent to the output of the contactless transponder.
2. The contactless transponder of claim 1, wherein the wired interface is further configured to receive a reactivation control and to send the reactivation control to the arbitration module, the arbitration module being configured to reactivate the contactless interface when the arbitration module receives the reactivation control.
3. The contactless transponder of claim 1, wherein the arbitration module is configured to receive a piece of information regarding a status of a write access of the contactless interface to the memory, and to wait for the write access to complete to shut down the contactless interface when the shutdown control is received while the write access of the contactless interface to the memory is ongoing.
4. The contactless transponder of claim 1, wherein the wired interface is configured to receive a control including an address and useful data, the shutdown control being a control including only an address and read/write bits dedicated to the shutdown control.
5. The contactless transponder of claim 4, wherein the shutdown control is represented by a single byte.
6. The contactless transponder of claim 2, wherein the wired interface is configured to receive a control including an address and useful data, the reactivation control being a control including only an address and read/write bits dedicated to the reactivation control.
7. The contactless transponder of claim 6, wherein the reactivation control is represented by a single byte.
8. The contactless transponder of claim 1, wherein the wired interface is adapted to be coupled to an I 2 C bus.
9. Contactless transponder according to claim 1, being capable of exchanging information items with an external contactless reader via the antenna according to a contactless communication protocol compatible with near field communication or radio frequency identification technology.
10. A system, comprising:
A contactless transponder comprising:
A memory;
An antenna configured to receive a signal;
A contactless interface coupled to the antenna and configured to issue a first memory access request in accordance with the received signal;
A wired interface configured to receive a second memory access request, receive a shutdown control, and send the shutdown control to an arbitration module; and
The arbitration module is configured to:
Granting access to the memory for the first memory access request issued by the contactless interface or for the second memory access request received by the wired interface;
closing the contactless interface when a shutdown control is received from a main module via a wired interface, so as to grant exclusive access to the memory for the second memory access request received from the main module via the wired interface; and
After closing the non-contact interface and when the non-contact interface is closed, generating an interrupt signal indicating that the non-contact interface is closed, and sending the interrupt signal to the main module; and
The main module, coupled to the wired interface of the contactless transponder, is configured to:
initiating a shutdown of the contactless interface by sending the shutdown control to the contactless transponder via the wired interface; and
After receiving the interrupt signal from the arbitration module of the contactless transponder, the second memory access request is sent to the arbitration module via the wired interface.
11. The system of claim 10, wherein the master module is a microcontroller.
12. The system of claim 10, wherein the wired interface is further configured to receive a reactivation control and to send the reactivation control to the arbitration module, the arbitration module being configured to reactivate the contactless interface when the arbitration module receives the reactivation control.
13. The system of claim 10, wherein the arbitration module is configured to receive pieces of information about a status of a write access of the contactless interface to the memory, and wait for the write access to complete to shut down the contactless interface when the shutdown control is received while the write access of the contactless interface to the memory is ongoing.
14. The system of claim 10, wherein the wired interface is configured to receive a control including an address and useful data, the shutdown control being a control including only an address and read/write bits dedicated to the shutdown control.
15. A method for managing access to a memory of a transponder, the transponder comprising: an antenna configured to receive a signal; a contactless interface coupled to the antenna and configured to issue a first memory access request in accordance with the received signal; a wired interface configured to receive a second memory access request; and an arbitration module configured to grant access to the memory for the first memory access request issued by the contactless interface or for the second memory access request received by the wired interface, the method comprising:
Receiving, by the wired interface, shutdown control initiated by the master module;
sending the shutdown control to the arbitration module;
closing, by the arbitration module, the contactless interface to grant exclusive access to the memory for the second memory access request received from the master module via the wired interface; and
After closing the contactless interface and while the contactless interface is closed:
generating, by the arbitration module, an interrupt signal indicating that the contactless interface is closed; and
And the arbitration module sends the interrupt signal to the output end of the transponder.
16. The method of claim 15, wherein the closing of the contactless interface is performed after the write access is completed when the shutdown control is received while the write access of the contactless interface to the memory is ongoing.
17. The method of claim 15, further comprising, after closing the contactless interface:
receiving reactivation control via the wired interface;
Transmitting the reactivation control to the arbitration module; and
The contactless interface is re-activated by the arbitration module.
CN202110846444.7A 2020-07-27 2021-07-26 Contactless transponder and method Active CN113988094B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2007916A FR3112877B1 (en) 2020-07-27 2020-07-27 CONTACTLESS TRANSPONDER
FR2007916 2020-07-27
US17/374,051 US11677444B2 (en) 2020-07-27 2021-07-13 Contactless transponder and method
US17/374,051 2021-07-13

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CN100444143C (en) * 2006-11-28 2008-12-17 北京中星微电子有限公司 An arbitration device and method for accessing internal storage
US8723654B2 (en) * 2010-07-09 2014-05-13 Cypress Semiconductor Corporation Interrupt generation and acknowledgment for RFID
EP2495690B1 (en) * 2011-03-01 2015-05-13 Nxp B.V. Transponder and method for monitoring access to application data in the transponder
US9514067B2 (en) * 2012-08-31 2016-12-06 Nxp B.V. Interface arbitration for a wired tag
US9053248B2 (en) * 2012-08-31 2015-06-09 Nxp B.V. SRAM handshake
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