CN113987971A - Flood danger early warning method and device, electronic equipment and medium - Google Patents

Flood danger early warning method and device, electronic equipment and medium Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113987971A
CN113987971A CN202111259173.1A CN202111259173A CN113987971A CN 113987971 A CN113987971 A CN 113987971A CN 202111259173 A CN202111259173 A CN 202111259173A CN 113987971 A CN113987971 A CN 113987971A
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river
pipeline
determining
crossing
flow
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CN113987971B (en
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高姣姣
颜宇森
田勇
朱杰
肖秋平
韩超
尚掩库
宗乐斌
胡海燕
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Beijing Zhongdi Huaan Environmental Engineering Co ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
    • G06F30/28—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using fluid dynamics, e.g. using Navier-Stokes equations or computational fluid dynamics [CFD]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/002—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow wherein the flow is in an open channel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/02—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons
    • G08B21/10—Alarms for ensuring the safety of persons responsive to calamitous events, e.g. tornados or earthquakes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2113/00—Details relating to the application field
    • G06F2113/08—Fluids
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2113/00—Details relating to the application field
    • G06F2113/14—Pipes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
    • G06F2119/14—Force analysis or force optimisation, e.g. static or dynamic forces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/30—Flood prevention; Flood or storm water management, e.g. using flood barriers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
    • Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources

Abstract

The early warning method for the flood danger of the pipeline crossing the river section in the small river basin comprises the following steps: processing DEM data of the small watershed by using a GIS (geographic information system), and determining a range map of the small watershed and sub watersheds thereof; determining a hydrological station and a river crossing position of a pipeline on the range diagram, calculating a terrain index of a river basin or a sub-river basin where the hydrological station and the river crossing position of the pipeline are located by using a GIS (geographic information system), and determining a terrain index frequency distribution diagram; determining the water collecting area where the hydrological station and the pipeline cross the river; determining the flow and water level of the river crossing pipeline based on the terrain index frequency distribution map and the catchment area; determining the scouring depth of the pipeline at the river crossing based on the flow and the water level; and obtaining flood danger early warning based on the correlation between the scouring depth and the buried depth of the pipeline. The early warning method fully utilizes the existing hydrological station resources to early warn flood danger.

Description

Flood danger early warning method and device, electronic equipment and medium
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the technical field of geological disaster early warning, and more particularly, to a flood risk early warning method, apparatus, electronic device, and medium.
Background
There are many rivers in China, and there are more than 50000 rivers with river basin area over 100 square kilometers and 1580 rivers with river basin area over 1000 square kilometers in China. The long oil and gas pipeline in China has long internal distance, and the pipeline inevitably passes through a large number of rivers. The light river flood causes the exposure of the pipeline, and the heavy river flood causes the phenomena of floating pipe, span and fracture. For example, in 1997, due to a sudden downburst, a debris flow-like flood flushed the barrage, and the moat line pipe was broken, wherein the broken section of pipe was flushed down 50m downstream with the concrete piers. In 1998, due to sudden downpour and heavy rain, the pipeline passing through the river in the country near the 257 th stake in Shaanjing line is flushed out, and the pipeline is broken and leaks air. In 2012, rainstorm suddenly falls in the northwest region of Sichuan, the water quantity of the stone pavilion river is increased suddenly, the passing section of the blue-formation pipeline stone pavilion river is broken, and fortunately, the pipeline is not put into production at that time, so that no casualties and no environmental pollution are caused. In 2016, rainfall in the county of Shanxi province causes Yuji pipelines to float upwards and upwards in river, and the length of the float pipelines is about 40-60 meters. The oil gas pipeline is used as an energy transportation channel of the country, and the guarantee of the safe operation of the oil gas pipeline is very important for the national economic development. Hydrological data in a small river area is lost, hydrological stations are very limited, a monitoring means is lacked when a pipeline passes through a river, and how to early warn flood danger when the pipeline passes through the river is a difficult point.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a flood risk early warning method, which utilizes limited hydrological station monitoring data installed by a water conservancy department to early warn the flood risk faced by a pipeline crossing a river in a small flow area.
According to one aspect of the disclosure, a method for early warning of flood danger of pipeline crossing river section in small river basin is provided, which comprises the following steps: processing DEM data of the small watershed by using a GIS (geographic information system), and determining a range map of the small watershed and sub watersheds thereof; determining a hydrological station and a river crossing position of a pipeline on the range diagram, calculating a terrain index of a river basin or a sub-river basin where the hydrological station and the river crossing position of the pipeline are located by using a GIS (geographic information system), and determining a terrain index frequency distribution diagram; determining the water collecting area where the hydrological station and the pipeline cross the river; determining the flow and water level of the river crossing pipeline based on the terrain index frequency distribution map and the catchment area; determining the scouring depth of the pipeline at the river crossing based on the flow and the water level; and obtaining flood danger early warning based on the correlation between the scouring depth and the buried depth of the pipeline.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the step of processing the DEM data of the small watershed by using the GIS and determining the range map of the small watershed and the sub watersheds thereof comprises: filling the DEM data into the depression; performing flow direction analysis on the filled DEM data, wherein the flow direction analysis comprises analyzing the flow direction from grid pixels of each GIS to the steepest downhill adjacent points of the grid pixels; performing flow analysis on the filled DEM data based on the flow direction analysis result, wherein the flow analysis comprises analyzing the accumulated flow of grid pixel import of each GIS; and extracting a river network grid based on the flow analysis result, and performing river linking, river grading and river vectorization to obtain a range diagram of the small watershed and the sub watersheds thereof.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the step of determining a catchment area where the hydrological station and the pipeline cross the river comprises: and determining the water collecting area by taking the cross section of the hydrological station and the river crossing part of the pipeline as a water outlet.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the step of determining the flow rate and water level of the river crossing by the pipeline based on the terrain index frequency map and the catchment area comprises: and determining a hydrological station which is most similar to the hydrology of the river crossing pipeline through the topographic index frequency distribution map, and then determining the flow rate and the water level of the river crossing pipeline based on the flow rate data of the hydrological station.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the number of the hydrological stations is at least 2.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the calculation rule for determining the flow rate of the pipeline crossing the river based on the terrain index frequency distribution map and the catchment area is as follows:
Figure BDA0003323418400000031
in the formula: q1Flow rate of hydrological station, Q2For the flow of the pipeline across the river, F1Is the water collection area of the hydrological station, F2The water collecting area of the pipeline crossing the river is provided.
According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the step of determining the water level at which the pipeline crosses the river based on the terrain index histogram and the catchment area includes: surveying a river channel and a terrain of the river crossing place of the pipeline, and determining a large cross section of a river bed of the river crossing place of the pipeline; calculating the area of the water passing section of the river crossing position of the pipeline; and determining the water level of the river crossing position of the pipeline based on the large cross section of the riverbed and the area of the water cross section of the river crossing position of the pipeline.
According to the embodiment of the disclosure, the step of obtaining the flood risk early warning based on the correlation between the scouring depth and the burial depth of the pipeline comprises: when the time is 30 percent hm≤H<60％hmThen, issuing a flood danger yellow early warning; when 60% hm≤H<90％hmThen, issuing an orange early warning of flood danger; when H is more than or equal to 90 percent HmThen, issuing a flood danger red early warning; in the formula: h is the scouring depth, hm is the pipeline burial depth.
Another aspect of the present disclosure provides an early warning device for flood danger of pipeline crossing river reach in a small watershed, including a first determining module, configured to process DEM data of the small watershed using a GIS, and determine a range map of the small watershed and sub watersheds thereof; the second determination module is used for determining a hydrological station and a pipeline river crossing position on the range diagram, calculating the terrain indexes of a river basin or a sub-river basin where the hydrological station and the pipeline river crossing position are located by using a GIS (geographic information system), and determining a terrain index frequency distribution diagram; the third determination module is used for determining the water collection area where the hydrological station and the pipeline cross the river; a fourth determination module, configured to determine a flow rate and a water level at which the pipeline crosses a river based on the terrain index frequency distribution map and a catchment area; the fifth determination module is used for determining the scouring depth of the river crossing pipeline based on the flow and the water level; and the obtaining module is used for obtaining flood danger early warning based on the correlation between the scouring depth and the burial depth of the pipeline.
Another aspect of the present disclosure provides an electronic device comprising one or more processors and a storage, wherein the storage is configured to store executable instructions that, when executed by the processors, implement the method as described above.
Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer-executable instructions for implementing the method as described above when executed.
Another aspect of the disclosure provides a computer program product comprising computer executable instructions for implementing the method as described above when executed.
Through the embodiment of the disclosure, the problem of pipeline flood early warning in small and medium watershed in the prior art can be at least partially solved. According to the flood danger early warning method, the existing hydrological station resources of the water conservancy departments in the small flow areas are fully utilized, and the flood danger of the pipeline crossing river sections in the small flow areas can be early warned economically and feasibly.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following description of embodiments of the present disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 schematically shows a flow chart of a flood risk warning method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 schematically illustrates an application scenario of an early warning method for flood risk according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 schematically illustrates a topographical index histogram of a basin where a hydrological station and a pipeline cross a river according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a plot of catchment areas on a cross-section where a hydrological station and a pipeline cross a river according to an embodiment of the disclosure;
fig. 5 schematically shows a block diagram of a flood risk early warning apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and
fig. 6 schematically shows a block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the description is illustrative only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In the following detailed description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the disclosure. It may be evident, however, that one or more embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present disclosure.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. The terms "comprises," "comprising," and the like, as used herein, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, or components.
Where a convention analogous to "A, B or at least one of C, etc." is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., "a system having at least one of A, B or C" would include but not be limited to systems that have a alone, B alone, C alone, a and B together, a and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, C together, etc.). The terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features.
The GIS is a short term Geographic Information System (Geographic Information System), which is a technical System for collecting, storing, managing, computing, analyzing, displaying and describing relevant Geographic distribution data in the whole or part of the earth's surface space. The GIS platform generally integrates functions of map editing, query, positioning, DEM analysis, and the like, wherein DEM is a short for Digital Elevation Model (Digital Elevation Model) and is a Digital simulation of ground terrain by limited terrain Elevation data.
The embodiment of the disclosure provides an early warning method for river section flood danger of pipeline crossing in a small flow area, which comprises the following steps: processing DEM data of the small watershed by using a GIS (geographic information system), and determining a range map of the small watershed and sub watersheds thereof; determining a hydrological station and a river crossing position of a pipeline on the range diagram, calculating a terrain index of a river basin or a sub-river basin where the hydrological station and the river crossing position of the pipeline are located by using a GIS (geographic information system), and determining a terrain index frequency distribution diagram; determining the water collecting area where the hydrological station and the pipeline cross the river; determining the flow and water level of the river crossing pipeline based on the terrain index frequency distribution map and the catchment area; determining the scouring depth of the pipeline at the river crossing based on the flow and the water level; and obtaining flood danger early warning based on the correlation between the scouring depth and the buried depth of the pipeline.
Fig. 1 schematically shows a flowchart of a flood risk warning method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 1, the warning method may include operations S110 to S160.
In operation S110, the DEM data of the small watershed is processed using the GIS, and a range map of the small watershed and its sub-watersheds is determined.
In operation S120, at the hydrological station and the pipeline crossing river are determined on the range map, a terrain index of a river basin or a sub-river basin where the hydrological station and the pipeline crossing river are located is calculated using the GIS, and a terrain index histogram is determined. Wherein, use GIS to carry out slope analysis and flow analysis, specifically include: obtaining the area of each grid, the number of the confluence grids on the grids and the gradient of the grids; obtaining the terrain index of a basin where the hydrological station is located and the terrain index of the basin where the pipeline passes through the river by using a grid calculator; and drawing a topographic index frequency distribution map of the river basin where the hydrological station and the pipeline pass through the river according to the obtained topographic index.
It should be noted that the topographic index calculation formula is:
ln(α/tanβ) (1)
in the formula: alpha is the confluence area of the unit contour line length of any point flowing through the slope surface, and beta is the gradient of the point.
Since the small watershed has a small area, it is generally considered that rainfall is uniform in the small watershed. The drainage basin with the same topographic index frequency distribution obtains the same runoff depth process for the same rainfall process. Therefore, watersheds with hydrological similarity can be obtained by utilizing the topographic index frequency distribution, namely the hydrological similarity can be considered when the topographic index frequency distribution is similar.
In operation S130, a catchment area where the hydrological station and the pipeline cross the river is determined.
In operation S140, a flow rate and a water level at which the pipeline crosses a river are determined based on the terrain index histogram and the catchment area. When the flow of the river where the pipeline passes through is calculated, the sub-basin where the pipeline passes through the river is determined to be hydrologically similar to the sub-basin where the hydrologic station is located according to the same or similar topographic index frequency distribution, and the flow of the river where the pipeline passes through is calculated according to the hydrologic station flow data in the hydrologic similar basin by fully utilizing the data of the existing hydrologic station. And when the hydrologic station and the pipeline crossing are in the same watershed or a small watershed and are relatively close to each other, the flow data of the hydrologic station in the watershed is used for calculation. In addition, in order to determine the water level, the investigation of the river and the terrain where the pipeline crosses the river is required. According to the investigation data, each water level corresponds to an area, a water level area relation curve is drawn according to the area data of the water passing cross section at different water levels, and the large cross section of the river bed at the position where the pipeline passes through the river is manufactured. And finally, finding the corresponding water level on the water level area curve according to the area of the river bed water passing section, wherein the water level is the water level of the river where the pipeline passes through.
It should be noted that, in order to determine the area of the river bed water section, the water surface gradient, roughness and hydraulic radius of the pipeline crossing position need to be investigated, and the area of the river bed water section is calculated accordingly.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the area of the water passing section is calculated according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0003323418400000071
in the formula: a: the area of the river bed water cross section; n: the roughness is obtained by looking up a roughness table; r: hydraulic radius, typically replaced by average water depth; i: the water surface ratio is reduced.
Based on the flow rate and the water level, a scour depth at which the pipeline crosses the river is determined in operation S150. The scouring depth is calculated by the maximum water depth of the river crossing position of each pipeline after the flood scouring.
In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the maximum water depth of the river crossing by the pipelines after the flood washing is calculated according to the following formula:
after the flow and the water level of each pipeline crossing the river are obtained, the maximum water depth of each pipeline crossing the river after the flood washing is calculated by a highway engineering hydrological survey design specification 64-1 correction formula:
Figure BDA0003323418400000072
in the formula: h isp: the maximum water depth after general scouring; a. thed: single wide flow concentration factor; q2: the flow of the pipeline passing through the riverbed at the river; μ: taking the lateral compression coefficient of the water flow as 1; b iscj: the clear width of the water surface is obtained by the water level and a section diagram; h iscm: the maximum water depth of the riverbed is obtained by the water level and the section diagram; h iscq: the average water depth of the riverbed is obtained by the water level and the section diagram;
Figure BDA0003323418400000073
average grain size of riverbed silt; e: and obtaining a coefficient related to the sand content in the flood season according to a table look-up table.
In the disclosed embodiment, the maximum water depth at which each pipeline crosses the river is converted into the scour depth according to the following formula:
H＝hp-hm (4)
in the formula: h is the depth of the scour, HmFor pipeline burial depth.
It should be noted that, in order to determine the depth of the scour where the pipeline passes through the river, the sediment particle size of the river bed needs to be measured during the investigation.
In operation S160, a flood risk early warning is obtained based on the correlation between the flush depth and the buried depth of the pipeline, wherein the buried depth of the pipeline is determined in an early investigation.
In this embodiment of the present disclosure, the step of processing the DEM data of the small watershed using the GIS to determine the range map of the small watershed and its sub-watersheds includes: collecting small watershed DEM data; processing DEM data by using a hydrological analysis tool of a GIS, and filling the DEM data into depression; performing flow direction analysis on the filled DEM data, wherein the flow direction analysis comprises analyzing the flow direction from grid pixels of each GIS to the steepest downhill adjacent points of the grid pixels; performing flow analysis on the filled DEM data based on the flow direction analysis result, wherein the flow analysis comprises analyzing the accumulated flow of grid pixel import of each GIS; and extracting a river network grid based on the flow analysis result, and performing river linking, river grading and river vectorization to obtain a range diagram of the small watershed and the sub watersheds thereof.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the step of determining the catchment area where the hydrological station and the pipeline cross the river comprises: and taking the cross section of the river crossing by the hydrological station and the pipeline as a water outlet, and obtaining the range of the water collecting area on the cross section of the river crossing by the hydrological station and the pipeline by using a GIS watershed tool so as to obtain the water collecting area controlled by the hydrological station and the water collecting area on the cross section of the river crossing by the pipeline, thereby determining the water collecting area.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the step of determining the flow and water level of the river crossing by the pipeline based on the terrain index frequency map and the catchment area comprises: and determining a hydrological station which is most similar to the hydrology of the river crossing pipeline through the topographic index frequency distribution map, and then determining the flow rate and the water level of the river crossing pipeline based on the flow rate data of the hydrological station.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the number of the hydrologic stations is at least 2.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the calculation rule for determining the flow rate of the pipeline crossing the river based on the terrain index frequency distribution map and the catchment area is as follows:
Figure BDA0003323418400000081
in the formula: q1Flow rate of hydrological station, Q2For the flow of the pipeline across the riverAmount, F1Is the water collection area of the hydrological station, F2The water collecting area of the pipeline crossing the river is provided.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the step of determining the water level at which the pipeline crosses the river based on the terrain index histogram and the catchment area includes: surveying a river channel and a terrain of the river crossing place of the pipeline, and determining a large cross section of a river bed of the river crossing place of the pipeline; calculating the area of the water passing section of the river crossing position of the pipeline; and determining the water level of the river crossing position of the pipeline based on the large cross section of the riverbed and the area of the water cross section of the river crossing position of the pipeline.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the step of obtaining the flood risk early warning based on the correlation between the flush depth and the buried depth of the pipeline includes: the flood risk early warning is divided into three levels, namely yellow early warning, orange early warning and red early warning. The yellow early warning is an attention level, represents that flood obviously scours the riverbed, and the pipeline begins to face flood danger. The orange early warning is of a warning level, represents that flood scours the riverbed, so that the buried depth of the pipeline is greatly reduced, the upper coating of the pipeline is protected to be thinner and thinner, and the danger faced by the pipeline is increased. The red early warning is an alarm level, which represents that the upper cladding of the pipeline is basically flushed away, the pipeline is about to be flushed out of the exposed pipe by flood, and the pipeline is under the threat of large flood, so that the danger of exposed pipe, floating pipe and broken pipe is caused. Comparing the scouring depth H with the pipeline burial depth hm, when the scouring depth H is 30 percent Hm≤H<60％hmThen, issuing a flood danger yellow early warning; when 60% hm≤H<90％hmThen, issuing an orange early warning of flood danger; when H is more than or equal to 90 percent HmAnd then issuing a flood danger red early warning.
Fig. 2 schematically illustrates an application scenario of a flood risk early warning method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 2, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, the main river in a small river basin in the application scenario flows from south to north approximately, and has several branches, the oil and gas pipeline passes through the small river basin from north to south, and passes through the river 4 times in the small river basin, and the water conservancy related department has 2 hydrological stations in the small river basin. And (3) using a 30 x 30 resolution DEM as a data source for extracting the small watershed range, and performing a series of hydrological analyses on the DEM by using a hydrological analysis tool of GIS software through hole filling, flow direction, flow, river network grid extraction, river linking, river grading, river vectorization and watershed to generate a range diagram of the small watershed and the sub watersheds thereof. And determining the small watershed and the sub watershed of the river where each hydrological station and pipeline passes through according to the small watershed and the sub watershed graph thereof. The hydrological station No. 1 controls the whole small basin at the outlet of the small basin, and the hydrological station No. 2 controls the branch on the larger branch upstream of the small basin. From north to south in the small river area, the river crossing positions of the pipeline are a No. 1 crossing position, a No. 2 crossing position, a No. 3 crossing position and a No. 4 crossing position in sequence. The No. 1 crossing position is positioned on a main downstream river channel of a small watershed, and a No. 1 hydrological station is positioned 7 km downstream of the main downstream river channel; the No. 2 crossing position is positioned on the branch in the midstream of the main river channel; the No. 3 crossing position is positioned at the upstream of the main riverway; the crossing point No. 4 is located on the upstream larger branch, and the downstream 6.5 kilometers of the crossing point is a hydrological station No. 2.
As shown in fig. 2, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, crossing No. 1 is located downstream and closer to hydrologic station No. 1, both having hydrologic similarities; the crossing point No. 4 and the hydrological station No. 2 are both positioned in the upstream sub-flow domain of the small flow domain and are close to each other, and the two stations have hydrologic similarity. The number 2 crossing position and the number 3 crossing position need to respectively calculate the terrain indexes of the sub-watersheds, the terrain indexes of the small watersheds and the sub-watersheds where the number 1 hydrological station and the number 2 hydrological station are located, and the frequency distribution of the terrain indexes is compared for determination. And respectively calculating a terrain index and drawing a terrain index frequency distribution map by using a GIS surface analysis gradient tool and a hydrologic analysis flow tool.
Fig. 3 schematically shows a topographical index frequency map of a basin where a hydrological station and a pipeline cross a river according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
As shown in fig. 3, in one embodiment of the present disclosure, it can be seen from the topographic index histogram that the crossing No. 2 and crossing No. 3 are hydrologically similar to the sub-basin where the hydrological station No. 2 is located.
FIG. 4 schematically illustrates a plot of catchment areas on a cross-section where a hydrological station and a pipeline cross a river according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
As shown in fig. 4, in an embodiment of the present disclosure, 2 hydrologic stations and 4 conduits crossing a river section cross section are set as water outlets, and a GIS watershed tool is used to extract a catchment area range controlled by the hydrologic stations and a catchment area range on the conduit crossing the river section cross section, so as to find an area of the catchment area. Water collection area F controlled by No. 1 hydrological station1-1Water collecting area F controlled by No. 2 hydrological station1-2Water collecting area F at No. 1 crossing position2-1No. 2 crossing water collecting area F2-2No. 3 water collecting area F at crossing position2-3Water collecting area F at No. 4 crossing position2-4。
And determining the flow of the No. 1 pipeline crossing position according to the topographic index frequency distribution and the mutual position relation of the hydrological station and the river crossing point of the pipeline, and determining the flow of the No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4 pipeline crossing positions according to the No. 1 hydrological station monitoring data. And (3) respectively substituting the flow data and the water collection area monitored by the hydrological station into a formula (5) to obtain the river flow at the crossing positions of the pipelines of No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4.
In one embodiment of the present disclosure, in order to obtain the water level of the river where the pipeline passes through, it is necessary to make 4 large cross-sections of the river where the pipeline passes through the river according to the actually measured large cross-section data of the river bed, draw 4 water level area relation curves according to the area data of the water cross-sections at different water levels, and find the corresponding water level on the water level area curves, where the water level is the water level of the river where the pipeline passes through.
After the flow and the water level of each pipeline crossing the river are obtained, the maximum water depth of each pipeline crossing the river after the flood scouring is calculated by a highway engineering hydrological survey design specification 64-1 correction formula, then the maximum water depth of each pipeline crossing the river is converted into the scouring depth, and finally the scouring depth of each pipeline crossing the river is compared with the buried depth of each pipeline, so that the flood danger early warning result of each crossing is obtained.
Fig. 5 schematically shows a block diagram of a flood risk early warning apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 5, another aspect of the present disclosure provides an apparatus 500, which apparatus 500 may include: .
A first determining module 501, configured to process DEM data of the small watershed using a GIS, and determine a range map of the small watershed and sub watersheds thereof;
a second determining module 502, configured to determine a hydrological station and a river crossing pipeline on the range map, calculate a terrain index of a river basin or a sub-river basin where the hydrological station and the river crossing pipeline are located using a GIS, and determine a terrain index histogram;
a third determining module 503, configured to determine a water collecting area where the hydrological station and the pipeline cross a river;
a fourth determination module 504, configured to determine a flow rate and a water level at which the pipeline crosses a river based on the terrain index histogram and a catchment area;
a fifth determining module 505, configured to determine a scouring depth where the pipeline crosses a river based on the flow rate and the water level;
an obtaining module 506, configured to obtain a flood risk early warning based on a correlation between the flush depth and a buried depth of the pipeline.
It should be noted that the implementation, solved technical problems, implemented functions, and achieved technical effects of each module/unit/subunit and the like in the apparatus part embodiment are respectively the same as or similar to the implementation, solved technical problems, implemented functions, and achieved technical effects of each corresponding step in the method part embodiment.
Any of the modules, units, or at least part of the functionality of any of them according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in one module. Any one or more of the modules and units according to the embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by being split into a plurality of modules. Any one or more of the modules, units according to the embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented at least partially as a hardware circuit, such as a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Programmable Logic Array (PLA), a system on a chip, a system on a substrate, a system on a package, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), or may be implemented by any other reasonable means of hardware or firmware by integrating or packaging the circuits, or in any one of three implementations of software, hardware and firmware, or in any suitable combination of any of them. Alternatively, one or more of the modules, units according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented at least partly as computer program modules, which, when executed, may perform the respective functions.
For example, any plurality of the first determining module 501, the second determining module 502, the third determining module 503, the fourth determining module 504, the fifth determining module 505, and the obtaining module 506 may be combined and implemented in one module, or any one of the modules may be split into a plurality of modules. Alternatively, at least part of the functionality of one or more of these modules may be combined with at least part of the functionality of the other modules and implemented in one module. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, at least one of the first determining module 501, the second determining module 502, the third determining module 503, the fourth determining module 504, the fifth determining module 505, and the obtaining module 506 may be implemented at least partially as a hardware circuit, such as a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), a Programmable Logic Array (PLA), a system on a chip, a system on a substrate, a system on a package, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), or may be implemented in hardware or firmware by any other reasonable manner of integrating or packaging a circuit, or in any one of three implementations of software, hardware, and firmware, or in a suitable combination of any of them. Alternatively, at least one of the first determining module 501, the second determining module 502, the third determining module 503, the fourth determining module 504, the fifth determining module 505 and the obtaining module 506 may be at least partly implemented as a computer program module, which when executed may perform a corresponding function.
Fig. 6 schematically shows a block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The electronic device shown in fig. 6 is only an example, and should not bring any limitation to the functions and the scope of use of the embodiments of the present disclosure.
As shown in fig. 6, an electronic device 600 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a processor 601, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in a Read Only Memory (ROM)602 or a program loaded from a storage section 608 into a Random Access Memory (RAM) 603. Processor 601 may include, for example, a general purpose microprocessor (e.g., a CPU), an instruction set processor and/or associated chipset, and/or a special purpose microprocessor (e.g., an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC)), among others. The processor 601 may also include onboard memory for caching purposes. Processor 601 may include a single processing unit or multiple processing units for performing different actions of a method flow according to embodiments of the disclosure.
In the RAM 603, various programs and data necessary for the operation of the electronic apparatus 600 are stored. The processor 601, the ROM 602, and the RAM 603 are connected to each other via a bus 604. The processor 601 performs various operations of the method flows according to the embodiments of the present disclosure by executing programs in the ROM 602 and/or RAM 603. It is to be noted that the programs may also be stored in one or more memories other than the ROM 602 and RAM 603. The processor 601 may also perform various operations of the method flows according to embodiments of the present disclosure by executing programs stored in the one or more memories.
Electronic device 600 may also include input/output (I/O) interface 605, input/output (I/O) interface 605 also connected to bus 604, according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The electronic device 600 may also include one or more of the following components connected to the I/O interface 605: an input portion 606 including a keyboard, a mouse, and the like; an output portion 607 including a display such as a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT), a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), and the like, and a speaker; a storage section 608 including a hard disk and the like; and a communication section 609 including a network interface card such as a LAN card, a modem, or the like. The communication section 609 performs communication processing via a network such as the internet. The driver 610 is also connected to the I/O interface 605 as needed. A removable medium 611 such as a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a semiconductor memory, or the like is mounted on the drive 610 as necessary, so that a computer program read out therefrom is mounted in the storage section 608 as necessary.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, method flows according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of the present disclosure include a computer program product comprising a computer program embodied on a computer readable storage medium, the computer program containing program code for performing the method illustrated by the flow chart. In such an embodiment, the computer program may be downloaded and installed from a network through the communication section 609, and/or installed from the removable medium 611. The computer program, when executed by the processor 601, performs the above-described functions defined in the system of the embodiments of the present disclosure. The systems, devices, apparatuses, modules, units, etc. described above may be implemented by computer program modules according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
The present disclosure also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which may be contained in the apparatus/device/system described in the above embodiments; or may exist separately and not be assembled into the device/apparatus/system. The computer-readable storage medium carries one or more programs which, when executed, implement the method according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the computer-readable storage medium may be a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, which may include, for example but is not limited to: a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the present disclosure, a computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. For example, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, a computer-readable storage medium may include the ROM 602 and/or RAM 603 described above and/or one or more memories other than the ROM 602 and RAM 603.
The flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of code, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). It should also be noted that, in some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems which perform the specified functions or acts, or combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
The present disclosure also provides a computer program comprising one or more programs. The above-described method may be implemented as a computer software program. For example, embodiments of the present disclosure include a computer program product comprising a computer program embodied on a computer readable storage medium, the computer program containing program code for performing the method illustrated by the flow chart. In such an embodiment, the computer program may be downloaded and installed from a network through the communication section 609, and/or installed from the removable medium 611. The computer program, when executed by the processor 601, performs the above-described functions defined in the system of the embodiments of the present disclosure. The systems, devices, apparatuses, modules, units, etc. described above may be implemented by computer program modules according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that various combinations and/or combinations of features recited in the various embodiments and/or claims of the present disclosure can be made, even if such combinations or combinations are not expressly recited in the present disclosure. In particular, various combinations and/or combinations of the features recited in the various embodiments and/or claims of the present disclosure may be made without departing from the spirit or teaching of the present disclosure. All such combinations and/or associations are within the scope of the present disclosure.
The embodiments of the present disclosure have been described above. However, these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Although the embodiments are described separately above, this does not mean that the measures in the embodiments cannot be used in advantageous combination. The scope of the disclosure is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof. Various alternatives and modifications can be devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present disclosure, and such alternatives and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims (12)

1. A flood risk early warning method for a pipeline in a small river basin to cross a river section is characterized by comprising the following steps:
processing DEM data of the small watershed by using a GIS (geographic information system), and determining a range map of the small watershed and sub watersheds thereof;
determining a hydrological station and a river crossing position of a pipeline on the range diagram, calculating a terrain index of a river basin or a sub-river basin where the hydrological station and the river crossing position of the pipeline are located by using a GIS (geographic information system), and determining a terrain index frequency distribution diagram;
determining the water collecting area where the hydrological station and the pipeline cross the river;
determining the flow and water level of the river crossing pipeline based on the terrain index frequency distribution map and the catchment area;
determining the scouring depth of the pipeline at the river crossing based on the flow and the water level; and
and obtaining flood danger early warning based on the correlation between the scouring depth and the burial depth of the pipeline.
2. The early warning method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of processing the DEM data of the small watershed by using the GIS to determine the range map of the small watershed and the sub-watersheds thereof comprises:
filling the DEM data into the depression;
performing flow direction analysis on the filled DEM data, wherein the flow direction analysis comprises analyzing the flow direction from grid pixels of each GIS to the steepest downhill adjacent points of the grid pixels;
performing flow analysis on the filled DEM data based on the flow direction analysis result, wherein the flow analysis comprises analyzing the accumulated flow of grid pixel import of each GIS; and
and extracting a river network grid based on the flow analysis result, and performing river linking, river grading and river vectorization to obtain a range diagram of the small watershed and the sub watersheds thereof.
3. The warning method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining the catchment area where the hydrological station and the pipeline cross the river comprises: and determining the water collecting area by taking the cross section of the hydrological station and the river crossing part of the pipeline as a water outlet.
4. The warning method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining the flow and water level of the pipeline crossing river based on the terrain index histogram and the catchment area comprises: and determining a hydrological station which is most similar to the hydrology of the river crossing pipeline through the topographic index frequency distribution map, and then determining the flow rate and the water level of the river crossing pipeline based on the flow rate data of the hydrological station.
5. The warning method of claim 4, wherein the number of hydrologic stations is at least 2.
6. The warning method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the calculation rule for determining the flow rate of the pipeline crossing the river based on the terrain index frequency distribution map and the catchment area is as follows:
Figure FDA0003323418390000021
in the formula: q1Flow rate of hydrological station, Q2For the flow of the pipeline crossing the river, F1 is the water collecting area of the hydrological station, F2The water collecting area of the pipeline crossing the river is provided.
7. The warning method of claim 4, wherein the step of determining the water level at which the pipeline crosses the river based on the terrain index histogram and the catchment area comprises:
surveying a river channel and a terrain of the river crossing place of the pipeline, and determining a large cross section of a river bed of the river crossing place of the pipeline;
calculating the area of the water passing section of the river crossing position of the pipeline; and
and determining the water level of the river crossing position of the pipeline based on the large cross section of the riverbed and the area of the water cross section of the river crossing position of the pipeline.
8. The warning method according to claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining a flood risk warning based on the correlation between the scour depth and the buried depth of the pipeline comprises:
when the time is 30 percent hm≤H＜60％hmThen, issuing a flood danger yellow early warning;
when 60% hm≤H＜90％hmThen, issuing an orange early warning of flood danger;
when H is more than or equal to 90 percent HmThen, issuing a flood danger red early warning;
in the formula: h is the depth of the scour, HmFor pipeline burial depth.
9. A pre-warning device for flood danger of pipeline crossing river reach in small river basin is characterized by comprising:
the first determining module is used for processing DEM data of the small watershed by using a GIS (geographic information system) and determining a range map of the small watershed and sub watersheds thereof;
the second determination module is used for determining a hydrological station and a pipeline river crossing position on the range diagram, calculating the terrain indexes of a river basin or a sub-river basin where the hydrological station and the pipeline river crossing position are located by using a GIS (geographic information system), and determining a terrain index frequency distribution diagram;
the third determination module is used for determining the water collection area where the hydrological station and the pipeline cross the river;
a fourth determination module, configured to determine a flow rate and a water level at which the pipeline crosses a river based on the terrain index frequency distribution map and a catchment area;
the fifth determination module is used for determining the scouring depth of the river crossing pipeline based on the flow and the water level;
and the obtaining module is used for obtaining flood danger early warning based on the correlation between the scouring depth and the burial depth of the pipeline.
10. An electronic device, comprising:
one or more processors;
a storage device for storing executable instructions which, when executed by the processor, implement the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
11. A computer readable storage medium having stored thereon executable instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement a method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
12. A computer program product comprising one or more executable instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement a method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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