CN113984666A - System and method for detecting concentration of specific component in mixed gas - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for detecting the concentration of a specific component in mixed gas. The multi-channel photoelectric detector of the concentration detection system is at least provided with two detection channels, wherein one detection channel is a reference channel, and the rest detection channels are gas channels to be detected; infrared light emitted by the infrared light source passes through the optical air chamber and then reaches a gas channel to be detected corresponding to a component to be detected of the multi-channel photoelectric detector, a signal output by the gas channel to be detected is processed by the filtering amplifying circuit and the analog-to-digital conversion circuit in sequence and then enters the processor, and the processor obtains the ratio of the peak value of the output signal of the gas channel to be detected to the peak value of the output signal of the reference channel through processing; the ratio is input into a computer, and the computer calculates the concentration of the specific component in the mixed gas according to the ratio and by combining a built-in concentration inversion model. The invention can simultaneously detect the concentration of various components in the gas to be detected, and has high detection precision and error less than 4.5 percent. Meanwhile, the device has the advantages of small volume, light weight and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to automobile exhaust monitoring, coal mine gas monitoring and atmospheric environment detection, in particular to a system and a method for detecting the concentration of specific components in mixed gas2、C3H8Belonging to the technical field of gas detection.
Background
With the rapid development of industryThe emission of various harmful gases is increasing, which causes serious pollution to air, and the air pollution is receiving more and more attention. Among the air pollution, motor vehicle exhaust emissions are an important pollution source. Research has shown that the pollution caused by the exhaust gas of motor vehicles accounts for about 60% of the air pollution of the whole city. The motor vehicle tail gas has complex components and contains carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO)2) Hydrocarbon mixtures and suspended particles, and the like. The most easily caused problems of the tail gas of the motor vehicle are greenhouse effect, photochemical smog and haze, which seriously pollute the environment and harm human health. In order to treat exhaust pollution, a plurality of pollution treatment technologies are developed, and a plurality of automobile exhaust measurement methods (including component measurement and concentration measurement) are developed along with the treatment technologies, for example, TDLAS used in the institute of optoelectronics and mechanics in Anhui province measures the concentration of automobile exhaust, and the defects that measurement equipment is expensive in price, large in size, heavy in weight, inconvenient to move and the like exist, so that the method is difficult to widely popularize. NDIR is used by the university of North-Central to monitor the concentration of gases in coal mines, however, it monitors CO, CO in coal mines2The monitored concentration ranges of the two are 0-4.45% and 0-4.8%, respectively, and the concentration range of CO in the automobile exhaust is 0-14%, and the concentration range of CO is 0-14%2The concentration range is 0-20%, therefore, the concentration can not meet the requirements of CO and CO in the automobile exhaust2The measurement requirements of (2). Meanwhile, in the prior art, the concentration of one component in the gas to be measured can be measured at one time, and if a plurality of components are measured, the measurement needs to be carried out for a plurality of times, so that the measurement efficiency is low, and the structure is complex.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a system and a method for detecting the concentration of a specific component in mixed gas, and the system and the method have the advantages of high detection precision, low detection cost, capability of detecting the concentration of various gases at one time and high efficiency; and the detection range is wide, and the concentration range of the components to be detected in the tail gas of the motor vehicle is met.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the system for detecting the concentration of the specific component in the mixed gas comprises an infrared light source, an optical gas chamber, a multi-channel photoelectric detector, a filtering amplification circuit, an analog-digital conversion circuit, a processor and a computer, wherein the optical gas chamber is provided with a gas inlet and a gas outlet, the multi-channel photoelectric detector is at least provided with two detection channels, one of the two detection channels is a reference channel, the other detection channels are to-be-detected gas channels, and each to-be-detected gas channel corresponds to one to-be-detected component; a built-in concentration inversion model of a computer; the optical air chamber is positioned between the infrared light source and the multi-channel photoelectric detector, infrared light emitted by the infrared light source passes through the optical air chamber and then reaches a gas channel to be detected of the multi-channel photoelectric detector, the gas channel to be detected corresponding to the component to be detected, signals output by the gas channel to be detected corresponding to the component to be detected are processed by the filtering amplification circuit and the analog-to-digital conversion circuit in sequence and then enter the processor, and the processor processes the signals to obtain the ratio of the peak-to-peak value of the output signal of the gas channel to be detected and the peak-to-peak value of the output signal of the reference channel; and inputting the ratio into a computer, and calculating and displaying the concentration of the specific component in the mixed gas by the computer according to the ratio and by combining a built-in concentration inversion model.
Preferably, the infrared light source driving circuit further comprises a light source driving circuit, and the output of the light source driving circuit is connected with the infrared light source to drive the infrared light source to emit infrared light.
The invention also provides a method for detecting the concentration of the specific component in the mixed gas, which comprises the following steps of firstly obtaining the system for detecting the concentration of the specific component in the mixed gas:
1) establishing a concentration inversion model of the specific component;
1.1) preparing sample gases with different concentrations of the specific components;
1.2) starting an infrared light source and a multi-channel photoelectric detector of the concentration detection system, and respectively introducing the sample gas with different concentrations of the specific component into an optical gas chamber to obtain the ratio of the peak value of the output signal of the gas channel to be detected corresponding to the sample gas with different concentrations of the specific component to the peak value of the output signal of the reference channel;
1.3) carrying out mathematical fitting on different concentration values of the specific component and the obtained corresponding ratio to obtain a concentration inversion model of the specific component;
2) starting an infrared light source and a multi-channel photoelectric detector of a concentration detection system, and introducing gas to be detected into an optical gas chamber to obtain the ratio of the peak-to-peak value of the output signal of a gas channel to be detected corresponding to the component to be detected to the peak-to-peak value of the output signal of a reference channel;
3) substituting the ratio obtained in the step 2) into the concentration inversion model in the step 1) to obtain the concentration of the component to be measured in the gas to be measured.
Wherein the mathematical fitting of the step 1.3) adopts a least square method to obtain a functional relation formula of the concentration and the ratio of the specific component; or establishing a coordinate system with the ratio as a vertical coordinate and the specific component concentration as a horizontal coordinate, and fitting the obtained multiple groups of specific component concentration values and corresponding ratios on the coordinate system to obtain a curve of the corresponding relation between the specific component concentration and the ratio; the functional relation or curve is the concentration inversion model.
The mixed gas is tail gas discharged by a motor vehicle; the specific components in the mixed gas are CO and CO2Or C3H8One or more of.
The concentration range of CO is 0-14%; CO 22The concentration range of (A) is 0-20%; c3H8In the concentration range of 0-5000 ppm.
If a plurality of specific components needing to be detected in the mixed gas exist, repeating the step 1) and respectively establishing a concentration inversion model of each component to be detected; the number of gas channels to be detected of a multi-channel photoelectric detector in the concentration detection system is more than or equal to the number of components to be detected; obtaining the ratio of each component to be detected when the operation of the step 2) is carried out.
Step 1.1) preparing sample gas with different concentrations of the specific component, namely mixing standard gas with known concentration of the specific component with inert gas to dilute to obtain required concentration; the inert gas is nitrogen.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention can automatically detect the concentration of various components in the gas to be detected at the same time, and can directly output the detection result, such as CO and CO in the tail gas of the motor vehicle2、C3H8Concentration and detection efficiency are high.
2. The concentration inversion model is established based on the relation between the output voltage ratio and the concentration of the photoelectric detector and combined with the least square method, the model is simple, the detection precision is high, the calculation error is less than 4.5%, and the existing detection precision is greatly improved.
3. The invention has wide concentration detection range, meets the concentration range of the components to be detected in the tail gas of the motor vehicle, is particularly suitable for detecting the concentration of pollutant gas in the tail gas emission of the motor vehicle, and greatly improves the tail gas detection capability of the motor vehicle. The method provides technical support for treating vehicles with excessive emission, monitoring exhaust emission and improving urban air quality, and also improves the analysis and detection technology of motor vehicle exhaust in China to a certain extent.
4. The detection system has the advantages of small volume, light weight and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of a concentration detection system according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the operation of the concentration detection system of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a graph of the fit between CO concentration C and the voltage ratio.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the system for detecting the concentration of a specific component in a mixed gas comprises an infrared light source, an optical gas chamber, a multi-channel photoelectric detector, a filtering amplification circuit, an analog-to-digital conversion circuit, a processor and a computer, wherein the optical gas chamber is provided with a gas inlet and a gas outlet, the multi-channel photoelectric detector is provided with at least two detection channels, one of the detection channels is a reference channel, the others are to-be-detected gas channels, and each to-be-detected gas channel corresponds to a to-be-detected component; a built-in concentration inversion model of a computer; the optical air chamber is positioned between the infrared light source and the multi-channel photoelectric detector, infrared light emitted by the infrared light source passes through the optical air chamber and then reaches a gas channel to be detected of the multi-channel photoelectric detector, the gas channel to be detected corresponding to the component to be detected, signals output by the gas channel to be detected corresponding to the component to be detected are processed by the filtering amplification circuit and the analog-to-digital conversion circuit in sequence and then enter the processor, and the processor processes the signals to obtain the ratio of the peak-to-peak value of the output signal of the gas channel to be detected and the peak-to-peak value of the output signal of the reference channel; and inputting the ratio into a computer, and calculating and displaying the concentration of the specific component in the mixed gas by the computer according to the ratio and combining a concentration inversion model.
In order to realize the controllable work of the infrared light source, the invention also comprises a light source driving circuit, and the output of the light source driving circuit is connected with the infrared light source so as to drive the infrared light source to emit infrared light.
In the embodiment, the processor is a single chip microcomputer, and the model of the single chip microcomputer is STM32RCT 6. The optical path length of the infrared light source is 105 mm. The inner diameter of the optical gas chamber is 10 mm.
The invention also provides a method for detecting the concentration of the specific component in the mixed gas, which comprises the following steps of firstly obtaining the system for detecting the concentration of the specific component in the mixed gas:
1) establishing a concentration inversion model of the specific component;
1.1) preparing sample gases with different concentrations of the specific components;
1.2) starting an infrared light source and a multi-channel photoelectric detector of the concentration detection system at normal temperature and normal pressure, and introducing nitrogen (N2) for 15 minutes. Nitrogen was introduced to purge the optical cell and 15 minutes to allow the system to warm up steadily.
1.3) respectively introducing the sample gases with different concentrations of the specific components into an optical gas chamber of a concentration detection system at a fixed flow rate, and waiting for 3 minutes to obtain the peak-to-peak value of the output signal of the gas channel to be detected and the peak-to-peak value of the output signal of the reference channel corresponding to the sample gases with different concentrations of the specific components and the ratio of the peak-to-peak value and the peak-to-peak value;
1.4) carrying out mathematical fitting on different concentration values of the specific component and the obtained corresponding ratio to obtain a concentration inversion model of the specific component;
2) introducing the gas to be detected into an optical gas chamber of a concentration detection system, and operating according to the step 1.3) to obtain the ratio of the peak-to-peak value of the output signal of the gas channel to be detected corresponding to the component to be detected to the peak-to-peak value of the output signal of the reference channel;
3) substituting the ratio obtained in the step 2) into the concentration inversion model in the step 1) to obtain the concentration of the component to be measured in the gas to be measured.
The mathematical fitting of the step 1.3) adopts a least square method to obtain a functional relation formula of the concentration and the ratio of the specific component; or establishing a coordinate system with the ratio as a vertical coordinate and the specific component concentration as a horizontal coordinate, and fitting the obtained multiple groups of specific component concentration values and corresponding ratios on the coordinate system to obtain a curve of the corresponding relation between the specific component concentration and the ratio; the functional relation or curve is the concentration inversion model.
The mixed gas is tail gas discharged by a motor vehicle; the specific components in the mixed gas are CO and CO2Or C3H8One or more of. Wherein the concentration range of CO is 0-14%; CO 22The concentration range of (A) is 0-20%; c3H8In the concentration range of 0-5000 ppm.
If a plurality of specific components needing to be detected in the mixed gas exist, repeating the step 1) and respectively establishing a concentration inversion model of each component to be detected; the number of gas channels to be detected of a multi-channel photoelectric detector in the concentration detection system is more than or equal to the number of components to be detected; obtaining the ratio of each component to be detected when the operation of the step 2) is carried out. The ratio is respectively substituted into the concentration inversion model, and the concentration of each component can be obtained.
For example, to detect CO and CO in the exhaust gas of a motor vehicle2And C3H8The concentration of each component can be obtained first. In order to realize one-time detection of three components, at least three gas channels to be detected of the multi-channel photoelectric detector are provided, wherein one gas channel corresponds to CO and the other gas channel corresponds to CO2One corresponds to C3H8The principle of each gas channel to be measured is the same, only for different components. Then introducing the tail gas into an optical gas chamber, so that the CO and the gas channel to be detected respectively correspond to the CO2Corresponding gas channel to be measured, C3H8The peak value of the output signal obtained by the corresponding gas channel to be measured is respectively marked as UCO（mv）、UCO2（mv）、UC3H8(mv), simultaneously inputting the reference channelThe peak-to-peak value of the output signal is recorded as Uref(mv), the ratio of each component is UCO/Uref、UCO2/Uref、UC3H8/UrefAnd then substituting the ratio into respective concentration inversion models respectively to obtain the concentrations of the three components. The calculation of the ratio and the calculation of the concentration are automatically completed by the system, and the system directly displays the concentration result, so that the method is simple and convenient.
Step 1.1) preparing sample gas with different concentrations of the specific component, namely mixing standard gas with known concentration of the specific component with inert gas to dilute the mixture to obtain the required concentration. Wherein the inert gas is preferably nitrogen with a purity of 99.99%. In order to accurately configure the sample gas with the required concentration, a high-precision gas distribution system is adopted. In order to improve the fitting precision, the concentration of the sample gas is in the measuring range, and the number of concentration points is as many as possible.
Taking detection of motor vehicle exhaust as an example, determining CO and CO according to emission limit and measurement method of pollutants for diesel vehicles (free acceleration method and loading deceleration method) and emission limit and measurement method of pollutants for gasoline vehicles (double-idle method and simple-operating-condition method) in GB18285-20182、C3H8The detection ranges of (A) are 0-14%, 0-20% and 0-5000ppm respectively.
Firstly, establishing a CO concentration standard model (CO)2、C3H8The same as above, and will not be described in detail). Sample gases with different concentrations of CO are configured and respectively introduced into gas chambers of the detection system to obtain the peak-to-peak value U of the output signal of the gas channel to be detected corresponding to the concentration of COCO(mv), peak-to-peak value U of the output signal of the reference channelref(mv), ratio of the two UCO/Uref(ii) a A set of data consisting of concentrations and corresponding ratios is thus obtained. And introducing sample gas with other concentrations of CO to obtain multiple groups of CO concentrations and corresponding ratio data. The concentration C and voltage ratio delta U can be obtained by fitting a plurality of groups of concentrations and ratios by using a least square methodgasFunctional relationship therebetween. The following formula is a fitting function relation of one embodiment in the detection of the CO concentration in the tail gas of the motor vehicle, namely a CO concentration inversion model, wherein the CO concentration range is 14%.
The voltage ratio delta Uco = Uco/Uref corresponding to the CO concentration can be obtained by only introducing the tail gas to be detected into a gas chamber of the detection system, and the CO concentration can be inversely calculated by substituting the ratio into the formula.
The graph of the above functional relationship corresponding to the fit is shown in fig. 3. As can be seen from fig. 3, the abscissa in the coordinate system is concentration, the ordinate is voltage ratio, each small circle point represents the position of each known sample gas concentration and the corresponding ratio in the coordinate system, and the curve is a concentration-voltage ratio curve obtained by fitting all the small circle points.
The measurement principle of the invention is Lambert beer law, a concentration inversion model is established according to a least square method, the model is simple, and the calculation precision is high. Experimental results show that the method can accurately calculate CO and CO2And C3H8The full scale error is less than 4.5 percent, and a solution for measuring the concentration of a certain component in the mixed gas with low cost and high precision is provided.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned examples of the present invention are only examples for illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other variations and modifications can be made based on the above description. Not all embodiments are exhaustive. All obvious changes and modifications of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The system for detecting the concentration of the specific component in the mixed gas comprises an infrared light source, an optical gas chamber, a multi-channel photoelectric detector, a filtering amplification circuit, an analog-digital conversion circuit, a processor and a computer, wherein the optical gas chamber is provided with a gas inlet and a gas outlet, the multi-channel photoelectric detector is at least provided with two detection channels, one of the two detection channels is a reference channel, the other detection channels are to-be-detected gas channels, and each to-be-detected gas channel corresponds to one to-be-detected component; a built-in concentration inversion model of a computer; the optical air chamber is positioned between the infrared light source and the multi-channel photoelectric detector, infrared light emitted by the infrared light source passes through the optical air chamber and then reaches a gas channel to be detected of the multi-channel photoelectric detector, the gas channel to be detected corresponding to the component to be detected, signals output by the gas channel to be detected corresponding to the component to be detected are processed by the filtering amplification circuit and the analog-to-digital conversion circuit in sequence and then enter the processor, and the processor processes the signals to obtain the ratio of the peak-to-peak value of the output signal of the gas channel to be detected and the peak-to-peak value of the output signal of the reference channel; and inputting the ratio into a computer, and calculating and displaying the concentration of the specific component in the mixed gas by the computer according to the ratio and by combining a built-in concentration inversion model.
2. The system for detecting the concentration of a specific component in a mixed gas according to claim 1, further comprising a light source driving circuit, wherein an output of the light source driving circuit is connected to the infrared light source to drive the infrared light source to emit infrared light.
3. The system for detecting the concentration of the specific component in the mixed gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processor is a single chip microcomputer, and the type of the single chip microcomputer is STM32RCT 6.
4. The method for detecting the concentration of the specific component in the mixed gas is characterized in that the system for detecting the concentration of the specific component in the mixed gas as claimed in claim 1 is obtained, and then the method is carried out according to the following steps:
1) establishing a concentration inversion model of the specific component;
1.1) preparing sample gases with different concentrations of the specific components;
1.2) starting an infrared light source and a multi-channel photoelectric detector of the concentration detection system, and respectively introducing the sample gas with different concentrations of the specific component into an optical gas chamber to obtain the ratio of the peak value of the output signal of the gas channel to be detected corresponding to the sample gas with different concentrations of the specific component to the peak value of the output signal of the reference channel;
1.3) carrying out mathematical fitting on different concentration values of the specific component and the obtained corresponding ratio to obtain a concentration inversion model of the specific component;
2) starting an infrared light source and a multi-channel photoelectric detector of a concentration detection system, and introducing gas to be detected into an optical gas chamber to obtain the ratio of the peak-to-peak value of the output signal of a gas channel to be detected corresponding to the component to be detected to the peak-to-peak value of the output signal of a reference channel;
3) substituting the ratio obtained in the step 2) into the concentration inversion model in the step 1) to obtain the concentration of the component to be measured in the gas to be measured.
5. The method for detecting the concentration of the specific component in the mixed gas according to claim 4, wherein the mathematical fitting of the step 1.3) adopts a least square method to obtain a functional relation between the concentration of the specific component and the ratio; or establishing a coordinate system with the ratio as a vertical coordinate and the specific component concentration as a horizontal coordinate, and fitting the obtained multiple groups of specific component concentration values and corresponding ratios on the coordinate system to obtain a curve of the corresponding relation between the specific component concentration and the ratio; the functional relation or curve is the concentration inversion model.
6. The method for detecting the concentration of a specific component in a mixed gas according to claim 4, wherein the mixed gas is an exhaust gas emitted from a motor vehicle; the specific components in the mixed gas are CO and CO2Or C3H8One or more of.
7. The method for detecting the concentration of a specific component in a mixed gas according to claim 6, wherein the concentration of CO is in the range of 0-14%; CO 22The concentration range of (A) is 0-20%; c3H8In the concentration range of 0-5000 ppm.
8. The method for detecting the concentration of the specific component in the mixed gas according to claim 4, wherein if the mixed gas contains a plurality of specific components to be detected, the step 1) is repeated to respectively establish a concentration inversion model of each component to be detected; the number of gas channels to be detected of a multi-channel photoelectric detector in the concentration detection system is more than or equal to the number of components to be detected; obtaining the ratio of each component to be detected when the operation of the step 2) is carried out.
9. The method for detecting the concentration of the specific component in the mixed gas according to claim 4, wherein the step 1.1) of preparing the sample gas with different concentrations of the specific component is to mix the standard gas with known concentration of the specific component with the inert gas to dilute the standard gas to obtain the required concentration; the inert gas is nitrogen.
10. The method according to claim 4, wherein the optical path length of the infrared light source is 105 mm.
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