CN113984534A

CN113984534A - Rock triaxial shear test device

Info

Publication number: CN113984534A
Application number: CN202111252189.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李少和; 罗华根; 金开浩; 谢秉含
Original assignee: Zhejiang Industry Polytechnic College
Current assignee: Zhejiang Industry Polytechnic College
Priority date: 2021-10-27
Filing date: 2021-10-27
Publication date: 2022-01-28

Abstract

The invention discloses a rock triaxial shear test device, which relates to the technical field of geotechnical instruments, and adopts the technical scheme that: the device comprises a bottom cover, a top cover and a barrel body which are mutually enclosed, wherein an oil cavity is formed in the barrel body, an oil separation sleeve is arranged in the oil cavity, the upper end and the lower end of the oil separation sleeve are respectively connected to the top cover and the bottom cover in a sealing manner, a bearing cavity separated from the oil cavity is formed in the oil separation sleeve, a mounting hole is formed in the middle of the top cover, a mounting cover is detachably connected in the mounting hole, an upper pressure rod is connected in the middle of the mounting cover in a sliding manner, the upper pressure rod extends out of the bearing cavity and is used for extruding a rock mass, a support column is arranged on the bottom cover, the upper end of the support column extends into the bearing cavity, and the lower end of the support column extends to the lower end of the bottom cover; cushion blocks are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the pressure-bearing cavity, the cushion block on the lower side is positioned at the upper end of the supporting column, and the cushion block on the upper side is arranged at the lower end of the upper pressure rod; and pressing blocks are respectively arranged on the opposite end surfaces of the two cushion blocks and are respectively deflected to two sides of the axis. The invention avoids the contamination of the rock sample in the test process, and is convenient for carrying out different pressure tests on the rock sample.

Description

Rock triaxial shear test device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical instruments, in particular to a rock triaxial shear test device.

Background

The triaxial apparatus is the equipment to the rock specimen test, can inspect the various parameters of rock specimen, can exert the pressure of enclosing to the rock specimen, can exert upper and lower axial pressure to the rock specimen again to realize the experiment of rock specimen. At present, the traditional triaxial apparatus mainly comprises a pressure-bearing cylinder body, a well-sleeved rock sample is loaded into the cylinder body, surrounding pressure is applied to the rock sample through hydraulic pressure, and pressure from top to bottom is applied to the rock sample through lifting pressurizing equipment, the rock sample is subjected to surrounding and axial pressure, deformation is generated until damage is generated, so that the test of the rock sample is realized, and parameters of the rock sample are obtained.

However, in the test process of the triaxial apparatus, the rock sample needs to be coated by combining the oil separation sleeve of rubber with the upper cushion block and the lower cushion block, and the use is invariable; and the well-sleeved rock sample needs to be stained with oil stains in the oil cavity in the process of taking and placing, and the use convenience is also influenced.

Therefore, a new solution is needed to solve this problem.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a rock triaxial shear test device, which can avoid the contamination of a rock sample in the test process and is convenient for carrying out different pressure tests on the rock sample.

The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a triaxial shear test device for rock comprises a bottom cover, a top cover and a barrel body which are mutually enclosed, wherein an oil cavity is formed in the barrel body, an oil separation sleeve is arranged in the oil cavity, the upper end and the lower end of the oil separation sleeve are respectively connected to the top cover and the bottom cover in a sealing manner, a bearing cavity separated from the oil cavity is formed in the oil separation sleeve, a mounting hole is formed in the middle of the top cover, a mounting cover is detachably connected in the mounting hole, an upper pressure rod is connected in the middle of the mounting cover in a sliding manner, the upper pressure rod extends out of the bearing cavity and is used for extruding a rock mass, a support column is arranged on the bottom cover, the upper end of the support column extends into the bearing cavity, and the lower end of the support column extends to the lower end of the bottom cover; cushion blocks are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the pressure bearing cavity, the cushion block on the lower side is positioned at the upper end of the supporting column, and the cushion block on the upper side is arranged at the lower end of the upper pressure rod; and pressing blocks are respectively arranged on the opposite end surfaces of the two cushion blocks and are respectively deflected to two sides of the axis.

The hydraulic lifting type hydraulic support is further provided with a groove for accommodating a pressing block, the depth of the groove is consistent with the height of the pressing block, and the pressing block is embedded into the groove in a lifting mode through hydraulic pressure.

The invention is further arranged in that the bottom of the groove is communicated with a piston cavity, a piston column is arranged in the piston cavity, the piston column is connected with a pressing block, the piston cavity is connected with a hydraulic pipe through a joint, the other end of the hydraulic pipe is connected with an external hydraulic source, and a containing groove for containing part of the hydraulic pipe is formed in the cushion block.

The invention is further provided that the inner circumference of the piston cavity is provided with a limiting groove, the outer side of the piston column is provided with a limiting block matched with the limiting groove, and the limiting block is connected in the limiting groove in a sliding manner.

The invention is further arranged in such a way that the outer diameter of the groove is larger than that of the pressing block, the opposite sides of the piston column and the pressing block form mutually matched swinging spherical surfaces, and the piston column and the pressing block are mutually connected in a magnetic attraction manner at the swinging spherical surfaces.

The invention is further arranged in such a way that a lifting rod capable of stretching up and down is axially inserted in the middle of the supporting column, the upper end of the lifting rod is connected with a supporting block, the upper end of the supporting column is provided with a recess for accommodating the supporting block, and the depth of the recess is greater than the thickness of the supporting block.

The invention is further arranged in such a way that the supporting block can be sleeved at the upper end of the lifting rod in a vertically sliding manner, and a spring is arranged between the supporting block and the lifting rod and used for elastically pushing the supporting block to one side of the rock body.

The invention is further provided with a cushion block arranged at the upper end of the supporting column, the cushion block can be driven by a lifting rod to lift up and down, a plurality of guide grooves distributed annularly are formed in the lower side of the periphery of the cushion block, guide wheels are arranged in the guide grooves, the guide wheels are rotatably connected to one end of a connecting rod, and the other end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected with the inner wall of the guide groove; the connecting rod can elastically swing outwards through the elastic piece, and the guide wheel extends into the guide groove and is pressed against the roller wheel on the inner side of the oil separation sleeve.

The invention is further arranged in such a way that a guide block which protrudes upwards is arranged at the upper end of the supporting column corresponding to the guide groove, an inclined plane is formed on the inner side of the guide block and is used for elastically pressing the guide wheel inwards, and an arc shape which is attached to the inner periphery of the oil separation sleeve is formed on the outer side of the guide block; the lower side surface of the guide groove is provided with a first projection, the upper end of the guide block is provided with a second projection, and the first projection and the second projection are mutually embedded.

The oil separation sleeve is further provided with an inflation section in the middle and sealing edges at the upper end and the lower end of the inflation section, the inflation section comprises a sealing layer at the inner side and an inflation layer at the outer layer, an inflation tube capable of expanding outwards is formed in the inflation layer, the inflation tube surrounds the periphery of the oil separation sleeve and is distributed along the axial direction of the oil separation sleeve, and the inflation tube is connected with an air guide tube.

The invention is further arranged that adjacent gas-filled tubes are connected end to form a continuous U-shaped structure.

The invention is further arranged in such a way that the inner side of the inflation tube is a connecting part, the outer side of the inflation tube is an expansion part, the connecting part is bonded and flatly attached with the outer side of the sealing layer, and the elastic part elastically expands towards the outer side in the inflation process.

The invention is further arranged in such a way that a first sealing seat and a second sealing seat are arranged on the base corresponding to the periphery of the support column, the second sealing seat is connected to the first sealing seat in a threaded manner, and the sealing edge at the lower end of the oil separation sleeve is extruded and sealed between the first sealing seat and the second sealing seat.

The invention is further arranged that the sealing edge at the upper end of the oil separating cover extends into the mounting hole and is connected to the step surface of the mounting hole in a sealing way.

The invention is further provided that the lower end of the upper pressure rod or the upper part of the support column is provided with a deviation rectifying assembly, the deviation rectifying assembly comprises a base, a connecting ball head and a movable block, the base is provided with a hemispherical groove matched with the connecting ball head in a spherical manner, the connecting ball head is embedded into the hemispherical groove, the outer side of an opening of the hemispherical groove is provided with a limiting baffle ring, the limiting baffle ring is used for preventing the connecting ball head from falling off, one side of the connecting ball head facing the rock mass is provided with a connecting hole, the movable block is fixedly connected with a connecting rod, and the connecting rod is inserted into the connecting hole; a swing gap is formed between the movable block and the annular baffle ring.

The invention is further arranged in such a way that a plastic slide-guiding ring is embedded in the inner wall of the hemispherical groove, the surface of the slide-guiding ring is continuous with the surface of the hemispherical groove, and the gap between the slide-guiding ring and the connecting ball head is smaller than the gap between the hemispherical surface and the connecting ball head.

In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

an oil separation sleeve is adopted to isolate the middle of an oil cavity to form a bearing cavity, and a cylindrical cavity with an opening at the top is formed in the oil separation sleeve, so that a rock body can be conveniently placed in the bearing cavity, and therefore the cleanness of a rock sample and a test environment in the test process can be kept; and the liftable pressing block is arranged on the cushion block in the pressure-bearing cavity, so that the axial pressure and shearing force of the rock sample can be switched, and the test convenience of the triaxial apparatus is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram I of a triaxial rock shear test device according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the inflation section of the oil barrier sleeve of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the inflation section of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a guide groove and a guide wheel on the spacer block of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram II of a triaxial rock shear test apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view taken at A in FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the installation structure of the pressing block on the cushion block of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged schematic view of a compact of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the spacer and compact of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram III of a triaxial rock shear test apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a deviation rectifying assembly according to the present invention.

Reference numerals: 1. a bottom cover; 2. a top cover; 3. a barrel; 4. an oil chamber; 5. an oil separating sleeve; 6. a support pillar; 7. cushion blocks; 8. installing a cover; 9. an upper pressure lever; 10. a deviation rectifying component; 11. a pressure-bearing cavity; 12. sealing the edges; 13. an inflation section; 14. a first sealing seat; 15. a second sealing seat; 16. an air duct; 17. a protective cover; 18. an oil passing port; 19. mounting holes; 20. a sealing layer; 21. an air-filled layer; 22. an inflation tube; 221. a connecting portion; 222. an elastic portion; 23. a guide groove; 24. a guide wheel; 25. a connecting rod; 26. a torsion spring; 27. a guide block; 28. a first bump; 29. a second bump; 30. a groove; 31. briquetting; 32. a piston post; 33. a piston cavity; 34. a joint; 35. accommodating grooves; 36. a hydraulic tube; 37. a lifting rod; 38. recessing; 39. a support block; 40. a spring; 41. a limiting groove; 42. a limiting block; 43. swinging the spherical surface; 101. a base; 102. a hemispherical groove; 103. a slip ring; 104. a limit stop ring; 105. connecting a ball head; 106. a swing gap; 107. connecting holes; 108. a movable block; 109. a connecting rod.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention discloses a triaxial shear test device for rocks, which comprises a bottom cover 1, a top cover 2 and a barrel 3, wherein each part forms a cavity, a sealed oil cavity 4 is formed inside the cavity, an oil separation sleeve 5 which moves up and down is arranged in the oil cavity 4, the upper end and the lower end of the oil separation sleeve 5 are respectively connected to the top cover 2 and the bottom cover 1 in a sealing manner, so that a bearing cavity 11 separated from the oil cavity 4 is formed in the oil separation sleeve 5, a rock mass is arranged in the bearing cavity 11, and the rock mass can be isolated from oil on the peripheral side in the bearing process, so that the rock mass can be kept clean, the rock mass and other test devices are not required to be stained with oil stains in the test process, and the test is convenient; and to maintain the stability and cleanliness of the pressure oil on the peripheral side.

An axial mounting hole 19 is formed in the middle of the top cover 2, and a mounting cover 8 can be mounted in the mounting hole 19 in a threaded mode to form a detachable structure; an upper pressure rod 9 is connected in the middle of the mounting cover 8 in a sliding manner, the upper pressure rod 9 can lift and slide in the mounting cover 8, the lower end of the upper pressure rod extends out of the bearing cavity 11, and the lower end of the upper pressure rod can apply force to a rock body by pressing downwards; and a support column 6 is arranged in the middle of the bottom cover 1, the support column 6 is coaxial with the upper pressure rod 9, the upper end of the support column 6 extends into the pressure bearing cavity 11, and the lower end of the support column extends to the lower end of the bottom cover 1.

As shown in fig. 1-3, in order to facilitate the rock mass to be taken and placed in the oil-separating sleeve 5, the oil-separating sleeve 5 can be set to be a structure capable of being inflated and deflated, the oil-separating sleeve 5 specifically comprises an inflating section 13 in the middle and sealing edges 12 at the upper and lower ends of the inflating section 13, and the sealing edges 12 are mainly used for sealing the pressure-bearing cavity 11; the middle inflating section 13 can inflate, and the oil separating cover can have a certain stiffness after inflation, so that the taking-out and placing processes are smoother;

the inflation section 13 comprises a sealing layer 20 and an inflation layer 21, wherein the sealing layer 20 is positioned on the inner side, the inflation layer 21 is positioned on the outer layer, the sealing layer 20 has good sealing performance, the size of the inner contour of the sealing layer 20 is slightly larger than that of a rock body, the rock body can be smoothly placed to enter, after confining pressure is applied, the sealing layer is pressed by oil pressure, the sealing layer is attached to the rock body, and confining pressure can be smoothly applied to the rock body; an inflation tube 22 is formed in the inflation layer 21, the inflation tube 22 surrounds the periphery of the oil separation sleeve 5 and is distributed along the axial direction of the oil separation sleeve 5, and the inflation tube 22 is connected with an air duct 16; the back is aerifyd early to gas tube 22, can expand to the outside to gas tube 22 forms the relatively firm state after aerifing, can carry out the auxiliary stay to separating oil jacket 5, keeps separating the inboard smooth and easy of oil jacket 5, and the getting of the rock mass of being convenient for is put.

The sealing layer 20 may be a rubber or fabric composite rubber material; the inflation layer 21 may be a more elastically stretchable rubber material; the periphery of the inflation tube 22 forms an inward connecting part 221 and an outward expansion part, the connecting part 221 is bonded and smoothly attached to the outer side of the sealing layer 20, the elastic part 222 is easier to elastically expand outward in the inflation process, the expansion stretch of the inner side of the inflation tube 22 is smaller, and the inner side of the inflation tube 22 can keep a relatively flat state in the deformation process, so that the flat state of the inner periphery of the oil separation sleeve 5 can be kept under the support of the inflation tube 22.

As shown in fig. 2-3, in order to facilitate inflation and deflation of the inflation tubes 22, the inflation tubes 22 can be connected with each other, and the same air duct 16 is connected with an external air source to realize inflation and deflation; the adjacent inflation can adopt the form of ending mutual connection to form a continuous U-shaped structure, and the middle connection part of the U-shaped structure also forms certain support in the axial direction of the oil separation sleeve 5 to keep the folds formed between the adjacent inflation tubes 22, so that the situation that the rock mass is clamped by friction in the process of taking and placing is caused, and the stability of the oil separation sleeve 5 is improved.

The lower end of the oil separation sleeve 5 is mutually matched and sealed through a group of mutually matched sealing seats I14 and II 15, wherein the sealing seat I14 is installed on the bottom cover 1, the sealing seat II 15 is in threaded connection with the sealing seat I14, and the sealing edge 12 at the lower end of the oil separation sleeve 5 is extruded and sealed between the sealing seat I14 and the sealing seat II 15 to realize the installation, fixation and sealing of the oil separation sleeve 5; the sealing edge 12 at the upper end of the oil separation cover extends into the mounting hole 19, the sealing edge 12 expands outwards and is embedded into the stepped surface of the mounting hole 19, the mounting cover 8 extends into the mounting hole 19, and the sealing edge 12 is clamped and sealed by the lower end surface of the mounting cover 8 and the stepped surface, so that the upper end of the oil separation cover is sealed after the oil separation cover is completely assembled.

In order to facilitate taking and placing of rock masses in the oil-separating cover, a lifting structure can be arranged below the bearing cavity 11, so that the rock masses can be supported and placed into the oil-separating sleeve 5 or ejected out of the oil-separating sleeve 5; specifically, a hole with an upper pipe sleeve and a lower pipe sleeve can be formed in the middle of the supporting column 6, wherein a lifting rod 37 capable of stretching up and down is axially inserted in the hole, and the lifting rod 37 can be driven to lift through external power; a supporting block 39 is arranged at the upper end of the lifting rod 37, and the supporting block 39 is provided with a slightly larger upper end surface and can support a rock body; and the upper end of the supporting column 6 is provided with a recess 38, the depth of the recess 38 is larger than the thickness of the supporting block 39, so that the supporting block 39 can be accommodated in the recess 38, the supporting block 39 can be sunk into the recess 38, and the upper end surface of the supporting column 6 directly presses against the supporting cushion block 7 or a supporting piece on other rock masses.

Supporting shoe 39 adopts the structure of elastic activity to install, can cup joint supporting shoe 39 in the upper end of lifter 37, forms the structure that can slide from top to bottom and go up and down to install spring 40 between supporting shoe 39 and lifter 37, exert elasticity through spring 40, can promote supporting shoe 39 to rock mass one side elasticity, reduce the rock mass and drop or block the in-process and cushion, improve the stability of rock mass and equipment unit lift process.

A cylindrical rock body is arranged in a bearing cavity 11 in the oil separation sleeve 5, and two ends of the rock body are supported by adopting cushion blocks 7 or supporting components, so that the upper stress surface and the lower stress surface of the rock body can be kept stable.

As shown in fig. 1, a cushion block 7 can be placed at the upper end of a support column 6, i.e. the lower end of a pressure-bearing cavity 11, and a deviation-correcting component 10 is installed at the upper end of the pressure-bearing cavity 11; the cushion block 7 can stably support the lower end face of the rock body which is directly placed, and the deviation rectifying assembly 10 can be suitable for the upper end face of the rock body, is always attached to the upper end face of the rock body, and keeps the stability of pressure and a stress surface;

as shown in fig. 11, the deviation correcting assembly 10 includes a base 101, a connecting ball 105 and a movable block 108, a hemispherical groove 102 is formed on the base 101, the hemispherical groove 102 and the connecting ball 105 are adapted to each other, and the connecting ball 105 is embedded in the hemispherical groove 102 to form a spherical swing structure; the limiting stop ring 104 is arranged at the position outside the opening end of the hemispherical groove 102, the periphery of the limiting stop ring 104 is in threaded connection with the base 101, the inner side of the limiting stop ring 104 also forms a spherical structure, after the limiting stop ring 104 is arranged, the connecting ball head 105 can be in limiting clamping connection in the hemispherical groove 102, the normal and stable spherical swing of the connecting ball head 105 is kept, and meanwhile the falling of the connecting ball head 105 is prevented; one side of the connecting ball head 105 facing the rock mass protrudes outwards from the hemispherical groove 102 and the limiting stop ring 104, a connecting hole 107 is formed in the connecting ball head 105, and a movable block 108 is arranged in the connecting hole 107;

the movable block 108 is the cylindrical structure that size and rock mass cross-sectional dimension are unanimous, fixedly connected with connecting rod 109 on movable block 108, connecting rod 109 can insert in connecting hole 107, install movable block 108 on connecting bulb 105, and form swing clearance 106 between movable block 108 and the annular fender ring, thereby it can form spherical swing structure to keep movable block 108, in the swing in-process, connect bulb 105 and can be with the pressure transmission to movable block 108 of depression bar 9 all the time, and then apply to on the rock mass up end, in time when having certain inclination between rock mass up end and the lower terminal surface, also can keep the stability of applying pressure on the rock mass, make the up end atress of rock mass stable, avoid the rock mass local pressurized and cause the unstable condition of test data, the experimental reliability of rock mass has been improved greatly.

In order to maintain the connection stability of the connecting ball head 105, a plastic sliding guide ring 103 can be embedded into the inner wall of the hemispherical groove 102, during the processing, an annular groove can be processed on the inner circumferential surface of the hemispherical groove 102, then the sliding guide ring 103 is processed and formed in the annular groove by an injection molding mode, the surface of the sliding guide ring 103 is continuous with the surface of the hemispherical groove 102, and therefore a relatively stable spherical sliding guide structure can be maintained; the hemispherical groove 102 is in clearance fit with the connecting ball head 105, the clearance between the inner periphery of the slip ring 103 and the connecting ball head 105 is tighter, and under the condition of no pressure, a certain buffer is formed by the plastic slip ring 103, so that the metal surface contact between the metal connecting ball head 105 and the hemispherical groove 102 is avoided; under the condition of pressing, the plastic slide guiding ring 103 generates elastic deformation, and is mainly pressed and contacted by the metal connecting ball 105 and the metal surface of the hemispherical groove 102, so that the stability of stress conduction on the deviation correcting assembly 10 is ensured.

As shown in fig. 5, the upper and lower ends of the pressure-bearing cavity 11 can be provided with cushion blocks 7 for supporting, and the deviation-correcting component 10 can be used as an additional support and cushioned on the upper and lower end faces of the rock body as required; the cushion block 7 on the lower side can be woven at the upper end of the supporting column 6, the upper end of the cushion block 7 can bear a rock mass, and the lower end of the cushion block 7 can realize lifting action in the pressure bearing cavity 11 under the driving of the lifting rod 37;

the lower side cushion block 7 needs to be lifted and moved from the lower end of the pressure bearing cavity 11 to the upper end outlet of the pressure bearing cavity 11, and in order to keep the stability of the lifting process of the lower side cushion block 7, a guide wheel 24 can be installed on the lower side cushion block 7; specifically, a plurality of annularly distributed guide grooves 23 can be formed in positions which correspond to the lower side of the periphery of the cushion block 7, and guide wheels 24 are arranged in the guide grooves 23 in a one-to-one correspondence manner; the guide wheel 24 is installed through a connecting rod 25, the guide wheel 24 can keep rotating relative to the connecting rod 25, and the other end of the connecting rod 25 is rotatably connected in the guide groove 23, so that a structure capable of swinging inside and outside the guide groove 23 is formed;

an elastic part is arranged between the connecting rod 25 and the guide groove 23, a torsion spring 26 can be adopted, under the elastic action of the elastic part, the guide wheel 24 can be pushed to extend out to the outer circumferential surface, rolling guide sliding is formed between the guide wheel 24 and the inner wall of the oil separation sleeve 5, and the smooth movement of the cushion block 7 is kept; and because the effect of elastic component, can also exert certain effort to the outside on the inner wall of oil removal cover 5 for the oil removal cover keeps the state of sticking upright, thereby does benefit to cushion 7 and rock mass and smoothly goes up and down in oil removal cover 5.

For the stability between the lower cushion block 7 and the supporting column 6, an upward convex guide block 27 can be fixed at the position corresponding to the guide groove 23 on the outer side of the upper end of the supporting column 6, and after the cushion block 7 descends, the guide block 27 is embedded into the guide groove 23, so that the stability between the cushion block 7 and the supporting column 6 is maintained; an inclined surface is formed on the inner side of the guide block 27, the inclined surface can be mutually pressed with the guide wheel 24, and generates component force towards the inner side of the guide groove 23 to the guide wheel 24, so that the guide wheel 24 can be pushed to retract into the guide groove 23 inwards after the cushion block 7 descends; and an arc-shaped state attached to the inner periphery of the oil separation sleeve 5 is formed on the outer side of the guide block 27; therefore, the arc-shaped surface can form stable attachment and support for the inner layer of the oil separation sleeve 5, and the stability of compression is kept;

a first projection 28 projecting downwards can be arranged on the lower side surface of the guide groove 23, a second projection 29 corresponding to the first projection 28 in a matching mode is arranged at the upper end of the guide block 27, and the first projection 28 and the second projection 29 are mutually embedded after the cushion block 7 descends, so that the cushion block 7 can be further supported and positioned, and more stability is kept.

As shown in fig. 5-10, the upper and lower ends of the bearing cavity 11 are supported by the cushion blocks 7, wherein the cushion block 7 on the lower side is located at the upper end of the supporting column 6, the cushion block 7 on the upper side can be installed at the lower end of the upper pressure bar 9, the opposite end surfaces of the two cushion blocks 7 are respectively provided with the pressing blocks 31, the pressing blocks 31 are respectively deviated to two sides of the axis, and the pressure is applied to the rock body to test the shear stress condition of the rock body, so that different parameters of the rock body can be tested on the same equipment;

the pressing block 31 on the cushion block 7 can be arranged in a lifting structure, a groove 30 can be formed in the opposite end face of the cushion block 7, the pressing block 31 is accommodated in the high groove 30, the depth of the groove 30 is consistent with the height of the pressing block 31, and when the pressing block 31 is sunk into the groove 30, the height of the pressing block 31 is consistent with that of the surface of the cushion block 7, so that the rock sample can be normally subjected to load test after retraction;

the pressing block 31 in the groove 30 can be driven by hydraulic lifting, a piston cavity 33 can be communicated with the bottom of the groove 30, a matched piston column 32 is arranged in the piston cavity 33, and the piston column 32 is connected with the pressing block 31, so that the pressing block 31 can be driven by the piston cavity 33 to realize lifting action, and the power for shearing is provided after the pressing block abuts against a rock sample; one side of a piston cavity 33 of the cushion block 7 is connected with a hydraulic pipe 36 through a joint 34 and a pore channel, and a containing groove 35 is formed in the cushion block 7 and used for containing part of the hydraulic pipe 36, so that the trend of the hydraulic pipe 36 is smoother; the other end of the hydraulic pipe 36 passes through the lifting rod 37 or other holes on the corresponding side to be connected with an external hydraulic source, so that the supply of hydraulic pressure is realized.

A limiting groove 41 is formed in the inner periphery of the piston cavity 33, the limiting groove 41 is distributed along the length direction of the piston cavity 33, a limiting block 42 is fixed on the outer side of the piston column 32, and the limiting block 42 can be embedded into the limiting groove 41 to form lifting stroke limiting, so that the lifting position of the pressing block 31 can be limited, the stable lifting of the pressing block 31 is kept, and the pressing block 31 can apply force to a rock body more conveniently; the outer diameter of the groove 30 is larger than that of the pressing block 31, a mutually-matched swinging spherical surface 43 is formed on one side of the piston column 32 opposite to the pressing block 31, an outwardly-convex spherical surface is formed on the piston column 32, an inwardly-concave spherical surface 38 is formed on the pressing block 31, the two spherical surfaces are mutually matched, so that the pressing block 31 can be connected to the piston column 32, and the piston column 32 and the pressing block 31 are mutually connected in a magnetic attraction manner at the swinging spherical surface 43; the movable connection structure can keep the pressing block 31 to swing slightly and adjust in the slightly larger groove 30, even if a certain inclination angle exists on two end faces of the rock sample, the pressing block 31 can be automatically corrected in the spherical swing process, the pressing block 31 is kept to be smoothly attached to the end face of the rock body, and after the spherical swing, a person can keep the pressing between the spherical faces, and the stability of the back pressure of the pressing block 31 is kept.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and are considered to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The rock triaxial shear test device is characterized by comprising a bottom cover (1), a top cover (2) and a barrel body (3) which are mutually surrounded, wherein an oil cavity (4) is formed in the barrel body (3), an oil separation sleeve (5) is arranged in the oil cavity (4), the upper end and the lower end of the oil separation sleeve (5) are respectively connected to the top cover (2) and the bottom cover (1) in a sealing manner, a bearing cavity (11) separated from the oil cavity (4) is formed in the oil separation sleeve (5), a mounting hole (19) is formed in the middle of the top cover (2), a mounting cover (8) is detachably connected in the mounting hole (19), an upper pressure rod (9) is slidably connected in the middle of the mounting cover (8), the upper pressure rod (9) extends out of the bearing cavity (11) and is used for extruding a rock mass, a support column (6) is arranged on the bottom cover (1), the upper end of the support column (6) extends into the bearing cavity (11), the lower end extends to the lower end of the bottom cover (1); cushion blocks (7) are arranged on the upper side and the lower side of the pressure bearing cavity (11), the cushion block (7) on the lower side is positioned at the upper end of the supporting column (6), and the cushion block (7) on the upper side is arranged at the lower end of the upper pressure lever (9); pressing blocks (31) are respectively arranged on the opposite end surfaces of the two cushion blocks (7), and the pressing blocks (31) are respectively deflected to two sides of the axis.

2. The triaxial shear test device for rocks according to claim 1, wherein the pad block (7) is provided with a groove (30) for accommodating a pressing block (31), the depth of the groove (30) is consistent with the height of the pressing block (31), and the pressing block (31) is embedded in the groove (30) in a lifting manner through hydraulic pressure.

3. The triaxial shear test device for rocks according to claim 2, wherein the bottom of the groove (30) is communicated with a piston cavity (33), a piston column (32) is arranged in the piston cavity (33), the piston column (32) is connected with a pressure block (31), the piston cavity (33) is connected with a hydraulic pipe (36) through a joint (34), the other end of the hydraulic pipe (36) is connected with an external hydraulic source, and a containing groove (35) for containing part of the hydraulic pipe (36) is arranged in the cushion block (7).

4. The triaxial shear test device for rocks according to claim 3, wherein a limiting groove (41) is formed on the inner periphery of the piston cavity (33), a limiting block (42) adapted to the limiting groove (41) is formed on the outer side of the piston column (32), and the limiting block (42) is slidably connected in the limiting groove (41).

5. The triaxial shear test device for rock according to claim 4, wherein the outer diameter of the groove (30) is larger than that of the pressing block (31), the side of the piston column (32) opposite to the pressing block (31) is formed with a mutually-matched swinging spherical surface (43), and the piston column (32) and the pressing block (31) are magnetically connected with each other at the swinging spherical surface (43).

6. The triaxial shear test device for rocks according to claim 1, wherein a lifting rod (37) capable of extending up and down is axially inserted in the middle of the supporting column (6), a supporting block (39) is connected to the upper end of the lifting rod (37), a recess (38) for accommodating the supporting block (39) is formed in the upper end of the supporting column (6), and the depth of the recess (38) is greater than the thickness of the supporting block (39).

7. The triaxial shear test device for rock according to claim 6, wherein the supporting block (39) is slidably sleeved on the upper end of the lifting rod (37) up and down, a spring (40) is arranged between the supporting block (39) and the lifting rod (37), and the spring (40) is used for elastically pushing the supporting block (39) to one side of the rock body.

8. The triaxial shear test device for the rock according to claim 7, wherein a cushion block (7) is arranged at the upper end of the supporting column (6), the cushion block (7) can be driven by a lifting rod (37) to lift up and down, a plurality of guide grooves (23) are formed in the lower side of the periphery of the cushion block (7), the guide grooves are distributed annularly, guide wheels (24) are arranged in the guide grooves (23), the guide wheels (24) are rotatably connected to one end of a connecting rod (25), and the other end of the connecting rod (25) is rotatably connected with the inner wall of the guide grooves (23); the connecting rod (25) can elastically swing outwards through the elastic piece, and the guide wheel (24) extends into the guide groove (23) and is pressed against the roller wheel on the inner side of the oil separation sleeve (5).

9. The triaxial shear test device for rocks according to claim 8, wherein a guide block (27) protruding upwards is arranged at the upper end of the support column (6) corresponding to the guide groove (23), the inner side of the guide block (27) forms an inclined surface, the inclined surface is used for elastically pressing the guide wheel (24) inwards, and the outer side of the guide block (27) forms an arc shape attached to the inner periphery of the oil separation sleeve (5); the lower side surface of the guide groove (23) is provided with a first projection (28), the upper end of the guide block (27) is provided with a second projection (29), and the first projection (28) and the second projection (29) are mutually embedded.