CN113984235B - Flexible stretchable thermocouple based on ionic thermoelectric hydrogel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Flexible stretchable thermocouple based on ionic thermoelectric hydrogel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 102000008186 Collagen Human genes 0.000 claims description 4
- 108010035532 Collagen Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001436 collagen Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe]Cl NMCUIPGRVMDVDB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002089 ferrous chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- XOGGUFAVLNCTRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrapotassium;iron(2+);hexacyanide Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] XOGGUFAVLNCTRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PQHKBJOUOHLCCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1(C=CC=CC1C(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)OCCO)O Chemical compound CC1(C=CC=CC1C(=O)C2=CC=C(C=C2)OCCO)O PQHKBJOUOHLCCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910021577 Iron(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/02—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract
The flexible stretchable thermocouple based on the ionic thermoelectric hydrogel and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention have excellent thermoelectric conversion characteristics and shape variability, and can accurately measure temperature when being deformed. The flexible stretchable thermocouple includes: an n-type ionothermal hydrogel film that is a stretchable elastic hydrogel comprising a redox pair electrolyte having a negative seebeck coefficient; a p-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film disposed parallel to the n-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film, the p-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film being stretchable and comprising an elastic hydrogel having a positive seebeck coefficient redox pair electrolyte; the flexible temperature measuring electrode is connected with one end of the n-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film and one end of the p-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film to form a temperature measuring end; and the flexible reference electrode is used for connecting the other end of the n-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film and the other end of the p-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film with the negative electrode and the positive electrode of the external measuring element respectively to form a reference end.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of thermocouple temperature measurement, and particularly relates to a flexible stretchable thermocouple based on ionic thermoelectric hydrogel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the arrival of the Internet of things age, any article and life can input own information into the network through the intelligent sensor, so that the Internet of things is realized. Temperature is an important information for measuring vital signs and object states, and real-time monitoring and collection are needed. The traditional thermocouple is used as a contact type temperature measuring device, and the principle is that a thermoelectric effect of a conductor or a semiconductor is utilized to convert a temperature difference signal into an electric signal, so that monitoring and recording of temperature information are realized. However, most of the conventional thermocouples are made of metal, generally have no flexibility and stretchability, and are limited by the shape and structure thereof when measuring temperature. The conductive polymer materials such as polypyrrole, polyaniline and the like have good flexibility and stretchability, and can be designed into a resistance type temperature sensor, but the deformation also changes the resistance of the material, so that the accuracy of temperature measurement is affected.
Therefore, a temperature measuring device with excellent temperature measuring characteristics and good deformation capacity is not available at present, and the development of the flexible and stretchable thermocouple technology has great practical application significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a flexible stretchable thermocouple based on an ionic thermoelectric hydrogel, which has not only excellent thermoelectric conversion characteristics but also flexibility and stretchability, and which can accurately measure temperature even when deformed, and a method for manufacturing the same.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following scheme:
< thermocouple >
The invention provides a flexible stretchable thermocouple based on ionic thermoelectric hydrogel, which is characterized by comprising the following components: an n-type ionothermal hydrogel film that is a stretchable elastic hydrogel comprising a redox pair electrolyte having a negative seebeck coefficient; a p-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film disposed parallel to the n-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film, the p-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film being stretchable and comprising an elastic hydrogel having a positive seebeck coefficient redox pair electrolyte; the flexible temperature measuring electrode is connected with one end of the n-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film and one end of the p-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film to form a temperature measuring end; and the flexible reference electrode is used for connecting the other end of the n-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film and the other end of the p-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film with the negative electrode and the positive electrode of the external measuring element respectively to form a reference end.
Preferably, the preparation method of the flexible stretchable thermocouple based on the ionic thermoelectric hydrogel provided by the invention further comprises the following steps: the surface of the flexible packaging substrate is fixedly stuck with the n-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film, the p-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film, the flexible temperature measuring electrode and the flexible reference electrode, and the bottom surface of the flexible packaging substrate can be stuck with the surface of the measured object.
Preferably, the preparation method of the flexible stretchable thermocouple based on the ionic thermoelectric hydrogel provided by the invention further comprises the following steps: and the flexible protective layer is tightly attached to the flexible packaging substrate to form a sandwich structure, and packaging and protecting the n-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film, the p-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film, the flexible temperature measuring electrode and the flexible reference electrode.
Preferably, the preparation method of the flexible stretchable thermocouple based on the ionic thermoelectric hydrogel provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the elastic hydrogel is hydrogel with excellent stretchability, such as polyacrylamide hydrogel, polyacrylamide/chitosan double-network hydrogel, polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel and the like.
Preferably, the preparation method of the flexible stretchable thermocouple based on the ionic thermoelectric hydrogel provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: wherein, the p-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film and the n-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film are both long strips.
Preferably, the preparation method of the flexible stretchable thermocouple based on the ionic thermoelectric hydrogel provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the n-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film and the p-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film are obtained by soaking the elastic hydrogel in corresponding electrolyte aqueous solution containing n-type redox pair ions and p-type redox pair ions. For example, the redox pair with negative seebeck coefficient may be K 4Fe(CN)6/K3Fe(CN)6, and the redox pair with positive seebeck coefficient may be FeCl 3/FeCl2 or KI/KI 3.
Preferably, the preparation method of the flexible stretchable thermocouple based on the ionic thermoelectric hydrogel provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the redox shuttle electrolyte comprises an oxidized state component, a reduced state component and a high solubility inorganic salt, and the internal resistance of the hydrogel is reduced by increasing the ion concentration in the hydrogel through the high solubility inorganic salt.
Preferably, the preparation method of the flexible stretchable thermocouple based on the ionic thermoelectric hydrogel provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the high-solubility inorganic salt can be sodium chloride, lithium chloride, potassium chloride or the like.
Preferably, the preparation method of the flexible stretchable thermocouple based on the ionic thermoelectric hydrogel provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the redox shuttle electrolyte has the same molar concentration of the oxidized component as the reduced component.
Preferably, the preparation method of the flexible stretchable thermocouple based on the ionic thermoelectric hydrogel provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the concentration of the oxidation state component and the reduction state component is 0.2mol/L.
Preferably, the preparation method of the flexible stretchable thermocouple based on the ionic thermoelectric hydrogel provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the flexible electrode is graphite, carbon tube flexible composite material electrode or flexible conductive polymer.
Preferably, the preparation method of the flexible stretchable thermocouple based on the ionic thermoelectric hydrogel provided by the invention can also have the following characteristics: the flexible packaging substrate and the flexible protective layer are elastomers with excellent tensile properties such as Ecoflex, polydimethylsiloxane, polyurethane, natural rubber and the like.
< Preparation method >
Further, the invention also provides a preparation method of the < thermocouple >.
Specifically, the preparation method of the flexible stretchable thermocouple based on the ionic thermoelectric hydrogel provided by the invention comprises the following steps: in-situ synthesizing two strip-shaped elastic hydrogels which are parallel to each other in the length direction on the Ecoflex film; respectively soaking or dripping the two elastic hydrogels into electrolyte aqueous solution containing n-type redox pair ions and p-type redox pair ions to obtain an n-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film and a p-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film; a flexible temperature measuring electrode is adopted to connect one end of the n-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film and one end of the p-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film to form a temperature measuring end; and the other end of the n-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film and the other end of the p-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film are respectively connected with a negative electrode and a positive electrode of an external measuring element by adopting a flexible reference electrode to form a reference end.
Effects and effects of the invention
(1) The invention provides a stretchable thermocouple design based on ionic thermoelectric hydrogel for the first time, the thermocouple has good flexibility and stretchability, has stronger deformability, does not influence the accuracy of temperature measurement due to deformation, and has very high temperature measurement accuracy;
(2) Compared with the traditional thermocouple, the thermocouple has greater flexibility, can adapt to different working environments to a certain extent, meets the deformation requirement of equipment, and has the advantages that the voltage generated by converting a thermal signal into an electric signal by the thermocouple shown in the figure 1 is only related to temperature and is irrelevant to resistance (the thermal signal is converted into the electric signal by utilizing the temperature dependence of oxidation-reduction reaction), and the Seebeck coefficient reaches mV/K level and is three orders of magnitude higher than that of the traditional thermoelectric material;
(3) The invention has strong universality, is film-shaped, can be attached and attached to the surface of most objects, can be attached and contacted with various surfaces with different shapes or shapes which can be changed, and is used for accurately measuring the temperature;
(4) The temperature cloud picture measuring device is simple in structure, can be designed into any shape and size according to actual requirements, is convenient to integrate, can measure single-point temperature, can be integrated into an array to measure the temperature of a region, and can obtain the temperature cloud picture by matching with an external circuit;
(5) The invention has low manufacturing cost, wide raw material sources and low price, and has potential of being applied to mass industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the temperature measurement of a flexible stretchable thermocouple based on an ionic thermoelectric hydrogel in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a flexible stretchable thermocouple based on an ionic thermoelectric hydrogel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the Seebeck coefficient test results of P-type and N-type ionothermal hydrogel based on flexible stretchable thermocouples of the ionothermal hydrogel according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing tensile property test results of a flexible stretchable thermocouple based on an ionic thermoelectric hydrogel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the temperature measurement effect of a flexible stretchable thermocouple based on an ionic thermoelectric hydrogel according to an embodiment of the present invention under periodic stretching of appropriate strength.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
< Example >
As shown in fig. 2, the flexible stretchable thermocouple 10 based on the ionic thermoelectric hydrogel provided in the present embodiment includes a couple unit 20 and a package unit 30.
The galvanic cell 20 comprises an n-type ion pyroelectric hydrogel film 21, a p-type ion pyroelectric hydrogel film 22, a flexible temperature measuring electrode 23, and a flexible reference electrode 24.
The n-type ion-exchange hydrogel film 21 is an elastic hydrogel having stretchability and containing a redox pair electrolyte having a negative seebeck coefficient, and in this embodiment, the n-type ion-exchange hydrogel film 21 is elongated, 7cm long, 2mm wide, and 80 μm thick.
The p-type ion pyroelectric hydrogel film 22 is provided in parallel with the n-type ion pyroelectric hydrogel film 21, is an elastic hydrogel having stretchability and containing a redox pair electrolyte having a positive seebeck coefficient, and in this embodiment, the p-type ion pyroelectric hydrogel film 22 has the same shape and size as the n-type ion pyroelectric hydrogel film 21, and the distance between the two is 2mm.
In this example, the n-type ion pyroelectric hydrogel and the p-type ion pyroelectric hydrogel contain Fe (CN) 6 4-/Fe(CN)6 3- and Fe 3+/Fe2+ redox pair ions, respectively.
The flexible temperature measuring electrode 23 is connected with one end of the n-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film 21 and one end of the p-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film 22 to form a node, and is used as a temperature measuring end. In this embodiment, the flexible temperature measuring electrode 23 is made of graphite conductive paste.
The flexible reference electrode 24 is used for connecting the other end of the n-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film 21 and the other end of the p-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film 22 with the negative electrode and the positive electrode of the external temperature measuring ammeter respectively to form a reference end. In this embodiment, the flexible reference electrode 24 also employs graphite conductive paste.
The package unit 30 includes a flexible package substrate 31 and a flexible protection layer 32. The surface of the flexible package substrate 31 is fixedly adhered with the couple unit 20. The flexible protective layer 32 is tightly attached to the flexible packaging substrate 31 to form a sandwich structure, so that the couple unit 20 is positioned in the sandwich layer, and the couple unit 20 is packaged and protected. In the present embodiment, ecoflex elastic films are used as the flexible package substrate 31 and the flexible protective layer 32.
The specific preparation process of the flexible stretchable thermocouple 10 provided in this embodiment is as follows:
1) Taking an Ecoflex elastic film with the thickness of 0.5mm, respectively cleaning with methanol and deionized water, and naturally air-drying to obtain a flexible packaging substrate 31;
2) Weighing 2g of benzophenone and 18g of ethanol to prepare a benzophenone solution with the mass fraction of 10%, putting the Ecoflex film cleaned in the step 1) into the prepared benzophenone solution, fully soaking the Ecoflex film for 2 minutes, taking out the benzophenone solution, flushing the benzophenone solution with methanol for three times, and then naturally airing the benzophenone solution for later use;
3) 1.4216g of monomer acrylamide and 250mg of chitosan are dissolved in 10ml of deionized water, heated and stirred at 80 ℃ and mixed uniformly;
4) Taking 128 mu l of 20mg/ml N, N '-methylene bisacrylamide solution and 56.06mg of 2-hydroxy-4' - (2-hydroxyethoxy) -2-methyl propiophenone to pour into the mixed solution in the step 3), uniformly mixing, and then placing into a vacuum kettle for vacuumizing for 30 minutes to obtain elastic hydraulic collagen liquid;
5) Placing two strip-shaped moulds in parallel on the surface of the Ecoflex film obtained in the step 2), pouring the hydrogel collagen liquid obtained in the step 4) into the two moulds, irradiating for 4 hours under the nitrogen environment, gradually forming the hydrogel, and adhering the hydrogel with the flexible packaging substrate 31 to form two strip-shaped hydrogel films;
6) 0.7367g of potassium ferrocyanide and 0.6585g of potassium ferricyanide were weighed and added to 10ml of 4mol/L sodium chloride solution to prepare a 0.2mol/L Fe (CN) 6 4-/Fe(CN)6 3- solution. 0.3244g of ferric chloride and 0.2535g of ferrous chloride are weighed and added into 10ml of 4mol/L sodium chloride solution to prepare 0.2mol/L Fe 2+/Fe3+ solution;
7) Respectively utilizing the Fe (CN) 6 4-/Fe(CN)6 3- solution and the Fe 2+/Fe3+ solution which are prepared in the step 6) to drop two hydrogel films adhered with the Ecoflex elastomer, placing the hydrogel films in a closed culture dish for 6 hours, and completely diffusing ions into the hydrogel to obtain an n-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film 21 and a p-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film 22; as shown in FIG. 3, the sum of the Seebeck coefficients of the P-type and N-type ionothermal hydrogels is 2.01mV/K;
8) On the basis of the step 7), graphite conductive paste is coated on the surface of the Ecoflex elastomer to enable one end of each of the two hydrogels to be connected to form a node, and conductive paste is coated on the other end of each of the two hydrogels to facilitate external connection of leads, so that a flexible thermocouple layer (a thermocouple unit 20) is prepared;
9) And (3) taking another Ecoflex elastomer film as a flexible protective layer 32 to cover the thermoelectric couple layer in the step 8), and completing packaging to obtain the flexible stretchable thermocouple 10.
Performance test:
as shown in fig. 4, the tensile properties of the flexible stretchable thermocouple 10 were tested using a universal tensile tester test, and the flexible stretchable thermocouple 10 was stretched up to 4 times its length at maximum.
As shown in FIG. 5, under the condition that the thermocouple reference end is 25 ℃, the temperature measuring end is kept unchanged at 32 ℃, the thermocouple is continuously and periodically stretched, the measured voltage change is extremely small and can be basically ignored within 1mV (the corresponding temperature change is less than 0.5 ℃), and the fact that the stretching does not affect the temperature measuring effect is proved.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention. The flexible stretchable thermocouple based on the ionic thermoelectric hydrogel and the preparation method thereof according to the present invention are not limited to the above embodiments, but are subject to the scope defined by the claims. Any modifications, additions or equivalent substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on this embodiment are within the scope of the invention as claimed in the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A flexible stretchable thermocouple based on an ionic thermoelectric hydrogel comprising:
An n-type ionothermal hydrogel film that is a stretchable elastic hydrogel comprising a redox pair electrolyte having a negative seebeck coefficient;
A p-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film disposed parallel to the n-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film, being stretchable and comprising an elastic hydrogel having a positive seebeck coefficient redox pair electrolyte;
The flexible temperature measuring electrode is connected with one end of the n-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film and one end of the p-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film to form a temperature measuring end;
The flexible reference electrode is used for connecting the other end of the n-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film and the other end of the p-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film with the negative electrode and the positive electrode of an external measuring element respectively to form a reference end;
The surface of the flexible packaging substrate is fixedly adhered with the n-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film, the p-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film, the flexible temperature measuring electrode and the flexible reference electrode, and the bottom surface of the flexible packaging substrate can be adhered with the surface of a measured object;
Wherein, the p-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film and the n-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film are both long strips;
The flexible temperature measuring electrode and the flexible reference electrode are both made of graphite conductive paste, and the flexible packaging substrate and the flexible protective layer are both made of Ecoflex elastic films;
Under the condition that the thermocouple reference end is 25 ℃, keeping the temperature measuring end at 32 ℃ unchanged, continuously and periodically stretching the thermocouple, wherein the stretching rate in each stretching period is increased from 0 to 50 percent and then reduced to 0, the measured voltage change DeltaV is within 1mV, and the corresponding temperature change is less than 0.5 ℃;
The preparation methods of the n-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film and the p-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film are as follows: 1.4216g of monomer acrylamide and 250mg of chitosan are dissolved in 10ml of deionized water, heated and stirred at 80 ℃ to obtain a mixed solution; taking 128 mu l of 20mg/ml of N, N '-methylenebisacrylamide solution and 56.06mg of 2-hydroxy-4' - (2-hydroxyethoxy) -2-methylbenzophenone, pouring the mixture into a mixed solution, uniformly mixing, putting into a vacuum kettle, and vacuumizing for 30 minutes to obtain elastic hydrogel collagen liquid; placing two long strip-shaped moulds on the surfaces of the Ecoflex films in parallel, pouring the hydrogel collagen liquid into the two moulds, irradiating for 4 hours under the nitrogen environment to gradually form hydrogel, and adhering the hydrogel with a flexible packaging substrate to form two long strip-shaped hydrogel films; 0.7367g of potassium ferrocyanide and 0.6585g of potassium ferricyanide are weighed and added into 10ml of 4mol/L sodium chloride solution to prepare 0.2mol/L Fe (CN) 6 4-/Fe(CN)6 3- solution; 0.3244g of ferric chloride and 0.2535g of ferrous chloride are weighed and added into 10ml of 4mol/L sodium chloride solution to prepare 0.2mol/L Fe 2+/Fe3+ solution; and respectively dripping a Fe (CN) 6 4-/Fe(CN)6 3- solution and a Fe 2+/Fe3+ solution on the surfaces of two hydrogel films adhered to the Ecoflex elastomer, and placing the surfaces in a closed culture dish for 6 hours to enable ions to completely diffuse into the hydrogel, so as to obtain the n-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film and the p-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film.
2. The ion thermoelectric hydrogel-based flexible stretchable thermocouple of claim 1 further comprising:
And the flexible protective layer is tightly attached to the flexible packaging substrate to form a sandwich structure, and packaging and protecting the n-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film, the p-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film, the flexible temperature measuring electrode and the flexible reference electrode.
3. The ion thermoelectric hydrogel-based flexible stretchable thermocouple of claim 1 wherein:
Wherein the elastic hydrogel is any one of polyacrylamide hydrogel, polyacrylamide/chitosan double-network hydrogel and polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel.
4. The ion thermoelectric hydrogel-based flexible stretchable thermocouple of claim 1 wherein:
Wherein the n-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film and the p-type ion thermoelectric hydrogel film are obtained by soaking elastic hydrogel in corresponding electrolyte aqueous solution containing n-type redox pair ions and p-type redox pair ions.
5. The ion thermoelectric hydrogel-based flexible stretchable thermocouple of claim 1 wherein:
Wherein the redox shuttle electrolyte comprises an oxidized state component, a reduced state component and a high-solubility inorganic salt, and the internal resistance of the hydrogel is reduced by increasing the ion concentration in the hydrogel through the high-solubility inorganic salt.
6. The ion thermoelectric hydrogel-based flexible stretchable thermocouple of claim 5 wherein:
wherein the high-solubility inorganic salt is sodium chloride, lithium chloride or potassium chloride.
7. The ion thermoelectric hydrogel-based flexible stretchable thermocouple of claim 1 wherein:
Wherein the redox shuttle electrolyte has the same molar concentration of the oxidized component as the reduced component.
8. The ion thermoelectric hydrogel-based flexible stretchable thermocouple of claim 7 wherein:
wherein the concentration of the oxidation state component and the concentration of the reduction state component are both 0.2mol/L.
9. A method of making a flexible stretchable thermocouple of any of claims 1-8.
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