CN113983494A - Diffusion ratio intelligent adjustable gas turbine main combustion chamber multi-channel diffuser - Google Patents
Diffusion ratio intelligent adjustable gas turbine main combustion chamber multi-channel diffuser Download PDFInfo
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- CN113983494A CN113983494A CN202111106014.8A CN202111106014A CN113983494A CN 113983494 A CN113983494 A CN 113983494A CN 202111106014 A CN202111106014 A CN 202111106014A CN 113983494 A CN113983494 A CN 113983494A
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 133
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/02—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the air-flow or gas-flow configuration
- F23R3/26—Controlling the air flow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/42—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the arrangement or form of the flame tubes or combustion chambers
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-channel diffuser with an intelligently adjustable diffusion ratio for a main combustion chamber of a gas turbine, which belongs to the technical field of combustion of the gas turbine and can intelligently set the diffusion ratio of an inner diffusion channel and an outer diffusion channel by adjusting the expansion angle of a cone positioned in a diffuser casing, and set the target diffusion ratio of each channel according to different working conditions so as to minimize the sum of the friction resistance loss and the separation loss of the diffuser; in addition, the multichannel diffuser guides two air flows to a specified area of the head of the double-ring-cavity combustion chamber, the air flow of a main combustion stage and a pre-combustion stage of the double-ring-cavity combustion chamber can be intelligently distributed by adjusting the position of a flow dividing cone positioned in a casing of the diffuser, and the set oil-gas ratio of each area is obtained by adjusting the distribution flow of each area according to different working conditions so as to realize good combustion characteristics and lower pollution emission.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of combustion of gas turbines, and particularly relates to a multi-channel diffuser with an intelligently adjustable diffusion ratio for a main combustion chamber of a gas turbine.
Background
The staged and stratified combustion technology is the main technical means for realizing low pollution combustion, the double-ring cavity combustion chamber adopts radial staging, the flame tube is divided into an inner combustion zone and an outer combustion zone by the annular central body, namely a main combustion stage and a pre-combustion stage, and the organized combustion characteristic is that the fuel oil distribution ratio from one zone to the other zone is adjusted according to the working condition of an engine to change the oil-gas ratio without changing the air distribution ratio, thereby controlling the combustion temperature. The radial grading causes the radial height of the double annular combustion chamber to be far greater than that of a common combustion chamber, airflow after a diffuser of the combustion chamber needs to be turned by a large angle so as to be matched with a main combustion stage and a pre-combustion stage, an inlet flow field of the double annular combustion chamber is mainly determined by the performance of the diffuser, and the main function of the diffuser of the combustion chamber is to reduce the speed of the airflow at the inlet of the combustion chamber under the conditions of minimum total pressure loss and maximum static pressure recovery so as to organize combustion.
The traditional aerodynamic diffuser has small total pressure loss, but has the defects of overlong length, sensitivity of diffuser flow stability to the change of inlet speed distribution and the like, so that the application scene is limited; the short annular sudden-expansion diffuser is not sensitive to the flow field of the outlet of the compressor due to the short length of the short annular sudden-expansion diffuser and is widely applied to an aviation gas turbine combustion chamber, but the sudden-expansion diffuser applied to the double-ring-cavity combustion chamber has unacceptable total pressure loss due to overlarge pressure loss in an outer ring area, and meanwhile, an airflow separation phenomenon exists under the condition of high thrust-weight ratio. In addition, under the intermediate working condition between the high working condition and the low working condition, because the two-stage combustion area deviates from the optimal design point, the uniformity of the temperature field at the outlet of the combustion chamber is not easy to ensure, so that the low-pollution emission performance is reduced. The existing diffuser structure of the combustion chamber cannot meet the requirement of a modern high-performance aeroengine on the diffuser of the combustion chamber, so that the design of a novel diffuser has great practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a multi-channel diffuser with an intelligently adjustable diffusion ratio for a main combustion chamber of a gas turbine, aiming at the problems in the prior art.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
a multi-channel diffuser with an intelligently adjustable diffusion ratio for a main combustion chamber of a gas turbine comprises a diffuser casing, wherein a shunting cone is arranged in the diffuser casing, the position and the expansion angle of the shunting cone are intelligently adjustable, and the shunting cone comprises an upper cone wing, a lower cone wing and an adjusting mechanism; by adjusting the divergent angle of the flow dividing cone positioned in the diffuser casing, the diffusion ratio flowing through the outer diffusion channel and the inner diffusion channel can be intelligently set, and the target diffusion ratio of each channel is set according to different working conditions, so that the sum of the friction loss and the separation loss of the diffuser is minimum.
One side of the upper cone wing and one side of the lower cone wing are hinged through a rotatable support rod, the downstream part of the diffuser channel is divided into two diffusion channels which are an outer diffusion channel and an inner diffusion channel respectively, and the diffusion ratio of the diffusion channel passing through the outer diffusion channel and the inner diffusion channel is set by adjusting the expansion angle of the shunting cone; the flow dividing cone divides the downstream part of the diffuser passage into two diffusion passages, namely an outer diffusion passage and an inner diffusion passage, the diffusion ratio passing through the outer diffusion passage and the inner diffusion passage can be intelligently set by adjusting the expansion angle of the flow dividing cone positioned in the diffuser casing, and the target diffusion ratio of each passage is set according to different working conditions, so that the sum of the friction resistance loss and the separation loss of the diffuser is minimum.
The adjusting mechanism comprises a hollow supporting rod and a sliding supporting rod embedded in the hollow supporting rod, the hollow supporting rod penetrates through the diffuser casing and the upper cone wing in sequence, the lower end of the hollow supporting rod is welded with the lower cone wing, when the hollow supporting rod penetrates through the upper cone wing, the slit opening on the upper cone wing is connected with the stepping motor, and the hollow supporting rod is driven to further realize the axial and radial movement of the flow dividing cone in the diffuser channel.
Furthermore, the sliding support rod is positioned inside the hollow support rod, a fulcrum cylinder is welded at the lower end of the sliding support rod, the fulcrum cylinder is in contact with the lower surface of the upper wing of the cone through a strip-shaped opening on the hollow support rod, the upper end of the sliding support rod is connected with a stepping motor, and the sliding support rod is driven to slide along the axis of the hollow support rod so as to drive the upper wing of the cone to rotate around the rotatable support rod by adjusting the position of the sliding support rod, so that the opening angle between the upper wing of the cone and the lower wing of the cone can be adjusted within the range of 0-40 degrees.
Furthermore, the combustion chamber adopts radial grading, the flame tube is divided into an inner combustion area and an outer combustion area by the annular central body, namely, a main combustion stage and a pre-combustion stage are arranged right behind the upper wing and the lower wing of the cone, and the flow of the main combustion stage and the pre-combustion stage of the double-ring-cavity combustion chamber can be intelligently distributed by adjusting the position of the diffluent cone positioned in the diffuser casing. The flow of the main combustion stage and the pre-combustion stage of the double-ring-cavity combustion chamber can be intelligently distributed by adjusting the position of the shunt cone positioned in the diffuser casing, and the distributed flow of each region is adjusted according to different working conditions to reach the set oil-gas ratio of each region, so that good combustion characteristics and lower pollution emission performance are obtained.
Furthermore, the splitter cone divides the outlet airflow of the compressor into two coaxial annular airflows which are respectively guided to the head of the double-ring-cavity combustion chamber, the flow of the main combustion stage and the pre-combustion stage of the double-ring-cavity combustion chamber is intelligently distributed by adjusting the position of the splitter cone positioned in the diffuser casing, and the set oil-gas ratio of each region is obtained by adjusting the air flow distributed in each region according to different working conditions so as to obtain good combustion characteristics and lower pollution emission performance.
Further, the cross section of the upper wing and the lower wing of the cone is streamline. The diffusion ratio required by the target can be provided on the premise of no obvious stall under the condition of high Mach number of a large working condition, and the good and stable diffusion process is ensured.
Furthermore, the lower end of the hollow supporting rod is welded with the central part of the lower wing of the cone, and the stepping motor drives the sliding supporting rod to adjust the opening angle of the shunting cone.
Further, the working mode of the multi-channel diffuser is as follows:
only the precombustion stage is used for oil injection in the starting ignition and slow-speed vehicle states, the precombustion stage keeps higher oil-gas ratio and low air flow speed at an inlet, the air flow supplied to the precombustion stage is reduced by adjusting the position and the opening angle of the diverging cone, the diffusion ratio of the outer diffusion channel is increased, and the condition that the air flow in the preposed diffuser is stable and does not have large-range stall is ensured and the equivalent ratio interval with larger pollutant emission is avoided, so that the successful ignition and low-pollution combustion are realized;
under a high working condition, the main combustion stage and the pre-combustion stage simultaneously spray oil to work to form uniform lean mixed gas, and the air flow of the pre-combustion stage is increased and the diffusion ratio of an external diffusion channel is properly reduced by adjusting the position and the opening angle of a diverging cone so as to obtain good combustion characteristics and lower pollution emission performance;
under the intermediate working condition between the high working condition and the low working condition, the position of the splitter cone and the opening angle are adjusted according to different incoming flow Mach numbers to change the distribution of a flow field, so that the two-stage combustion area is close to the optimal position.
The beneficial effects of the invention and the prior art are as follows:
the invention can intelligently set the diffusion ratio of the inner diffusion channel and the outer diffusion channel by adjusting the cone expansion angle in the diffuser casing, and sets the target diffusion ratio of each channel according to different working conditions, so that the sum of the friction loss and the separation loss of the diffuser is minimum. In addition, the multi-channel diffuser guides two air flows to a designated area of the head of the double-ring-cavity combustion chamber, the air flow of a main combustion stage and a pre-combustion stage of the double-ring-cavity combustion chamber can be intelligently distributed by adjusting the position of a flow dividing cone positioned in the casing of the diffuser, and the set oil-gas ratio of each area is obtained by adjusting the distributed air flow of each area according to different working conditions, so that good combustion characteristics and low pollution emission performance are obtained.
Compared with the traditional diffuser design, the multi-channel diffuser with the intelligently adjustable diffusion ratio separates the core engine airflow from the outlet guide vane of the compressor by the inner diffusion channel and the outer diffusion channel, thereby avoiding the occurrence of large-range stall, ensuring good and stable flow and reducing the speed at a short distance and a high diffusion ratio.
The diffuser has intelligently adjustable diffusion ratio, can shorten the length of the diffuser and reduce the weight of an engine, improves the pressure recovery coefficient of a diffusion channel by using a streamline configuration on the upper wing and the lower wing of the cone, and is suitable for diffusion work under the working condition of high Mach number.
The flow directions of the inner and outer channel airflows of the multi-channel diffuser are respectively opposite to the main combustion stage and the pre-combustion stage of the double-ring-cavity combustion chamber, so that the air flow can be intelligently distributed according to different working condition requirements, the total pressure loss of the airflows at the head part of the flame tube is reduced, and the contradiction of organization combustion under different working conditions is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a multi-channel diffuser of a main combustion chamber of a gas turbine with an intelligently adjustable diffusion ratio according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a multi-channel diffuser structure of a main combustion chamber of a gas turbine with an intelligently adjustable diffusion ratio of the invention;
FIG. 3 shows three exemplary configuration changes of the multi-channel diffuser of the main combustion chamber of the gas turbine with the intelligently adjustable diffusion ratio;
the device comprises a diffuser casing, a flow dividing cone, a cone upper wing, a cone lower wing, a regulating mechanism, a diffuser casing, a diffuser outer passage, a diffuser inner passage, a diffuser main combustion stage, a diffuser inner combustion stage, a diffuser casing, a diffuser inner combustion stage, a diffuser casing, a diffuser inner combustion stage, a diffuser casing, a diffuser inner combustion stage, a diffuser casing, a diffuser inner combustion stage, a diffuser casing, a diffuser inner combustion stage, a diffuser casing, a diffuser inner combustion stage, a diffuser casing.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and effects of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail by the following examples. It should be noted that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention is a structural schematic diagram of a multi-channel diffuser with an intelligently adjustable diffusion ratio for a main combustion chamber of a gas turbine, and the present invention includes a diffuser casing 1, a diverging cone 2 with an intelligently adjustable position and an intelligently adjustable expansion angle is arranged inside the diffuser casing 1, and the diverging cone 2 is divided into three parts, which are a cone upper wing 3, a cone lower wing 4 and an adjusting mechanism 5. The upper cone wing 3 and the lower cone wing 4 are hinged through the rotatable support rod 11, the downstream part of the diffuser passage is divided into two diffusion passages which are an outer diffusion passage 6 and an inner diffusion passage 7 respectively, and the diffusion ratio of the diffusion passage passing through the outer diffusion passage 6 and the inner diffusion passage 7 can be set by adjusting the expansion angle of the flow dividing cone 2 positioned in the diffuser casing.
The adjusting mechanism comprises a hollow support rod 12 and a sliding support rod 13, wherein the lower end of the hollow support rod 12 is welded with the lower wing 4 of the cone, the upper end of the hollow support rod 12 is connected with a stepping motor 10 through a slit opening 14 on the upper wing 3 of the cone, and an adjusting signal is output through a set program to drive the hollow support rod 12 so as to realize that the flow dividing cone 2 moves in a certain range in the axial direction and the radial direction of the diffuser channel. The flow of a main combustion stage 8 and a pre-combustion stage 9 of the double-cavity combustion chamber can be intelligently distributed by adjusting the position of a flow dividing cone 2 positioned in a diffuser casing 1, a sliding support rod 13 is positioned in a hollow support rod 12, the lower end of the sliding support rod 13 is welded with a fulcrum cylinder 15, the fulcrum cylinder 15 is in contact with an upper wing 3 of the cone through a strip-shaped opening 16 on the hollow support rod 12, the upper end of the sliding support rod 13 is connected with a stepping motor 10, and an adjusting signal is output through a set program to drive the sliding support rod 13 to slide along the axis of the hollow support rod 12, so that the upper wing 3 of the cone is driven to rotate around a rotatable support rod (11) by adjusting the position of the sliding support rod 13, and the opening angle between the upper wing 3 of the cone and the lower wing 4 of the cone can be adjusted within the range of 0-40 degrees.
In the embodiment, the upper cone wing 3 and the lower cone wing 4 of the splitter cone 2 are simple streamline configurations, and in practical application, various parameters and airfoil profile can be adjusted according to actual needs. The annular cavity combustion chamber adopts radial grading, the flame tube is divided into an inner combustion area and an outer combustion area by an annular central body, namely a main combustion stage 8 and a pre-combustion stage 9, the downstream part of the diffuser passage is divided into two diffusion passages by the flow dividing cone 2, the two diffusion passages are respectively an inner diffusion passage 7 and an outer diffusion passage 6, and two air flows respectively face the main combustion stage 8 and the pre-combustion stage 9 of the double annular cavity combustion chamber. According to the distribution of the head flow fields of the combustion chamber required by different working conditions, the control terminal acquires the position and the opening angle data of the flow-dividing cone 2 of the multi-channel diffuser in a required working condition mode, and the stepping motor 10 is controlled to independently adjust the hollow supporting rod 12 and the sliding supporting rod 13 in real time, so that the multi-channel diffuser is ensured to provide the air flow parameters, the airflow speed and the like required by the main combustion stage 8 and the pre-combustion stage 9 of the double-ring-cavity combustion chamber on the premise of ensuring the minimum sum of the friction loss and the separation loss of the multi-channel diffuser.
Only the precombustion stage 9 is used for oil injection in the starting ignition and slow-speed vehicle states, the precombustion stage 9 keeps a higher oil-gas ratio according to design requirements, and the speed of the air flow at the inlet cannot be too high, as shown in the configuration A in figure 3, the position and the opening angle of the flow dividing cone 2 are adjusted, so that the air flow supplied to the precombustion stage 9 is reduced, the diffusion ratio of the outer diffusion passage 6 is increased, the condition that the air flow in the preposed diffuser is stable and does not stall in a large range is ensured, and the equivalent ratio interval with larger pollutant emission is avoided, so that the successful ignition and the low-pollution combustion are realized. Under high working conditions, the main combustion stage 8 and the pre-combustion stage 9 simultaneously perform oil injection work to form uniform lean mixed gas, and as shown in the configuration B in fig. 3, the air flow of the pre-combustion stage 9 is increased and the diffusion ratio of the outer diffusion passage 6 is properly reduced by adjusting the position and the opening angle of the flow dividing cone 2, so that good combustion characteristics and low pollutant discharge performance are obtained. Under the intermediate working condition between the high working condition and the low working condition, as shown in the C configuration in fig. 3, the position and the opening angle of the splitter cone 2 are adjusted according to different incoming flow Mach numbers to change the flow field distribution, so that the two-stage combustion area is close to the optimal design point.
Therefore, the multi-channel diffuser with the intelligently adjustable diffusion ratio for the main combustion chamber of the gas turbine, provided by the invention, has the advantages that the control terminal can adjust the position of the shunting cone and the cone opening angle data of the multi-channel diffuser according to the modes required by different working conditions of the double-ring-cavity combustion chamber, the stepping motor is controlled in real time to independently adjust the hollow supporting rod and the sliding supporting rod, the problems of overlarge total pressure loss and air flow separation of the existing diffuser are solved, and the intelligent real-time adjustment of the air inlet flow distribution of each ring cavity at the head of the double-ring-cavity combustion chamber is realized, so that the good combustion characteristic and the lower pollution emission performance are obtained.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention described above with reference to the accompanying drawings are only for illustrating the embodiments of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the aforementioned object of the invention and the contents and scope of the appended claims, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the technical and claim protection scope of the present invention.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN114263933A (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2022-04-01 | 成都中科翼能科技有限公司 | Combined type multi-channel diffuser of gas turbine and diffusion air inlet structure thereof |
| CN114719290A (en) * | 2022-03-17 | 2022-07-08 | 西北工业大学 | Diffuser structure with adjustable air discharge scheme and application |
| CN114777157A (en) * | 2022-03-17 | 2022-07-22 | 西北工业大学 | A Variable Geometry Combustor Diffuser Structure and Application |
| CN115289499A (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2022-11-04 | 成都中科翼能科技有限公司 | Hollow support plate of gas inlet of combustion chamber of gas turbine |
| CN115585479A (en) * | 2022-11-14 | 2023-01-10 | 哈尔滨广瀚动力技术发展有限公司 | Diffusion device of gas turbine |
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