CN113982572A - Fracturing energy storage integrated experimental method and experimental device - Google Patents
Fracturing energy storage integrated experimental method and experimental device Download PDFInfo
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- CN113982572A CN113982572A CN202111235936.9A CN202111235936A CN113982572A CN 113982572 A CN113982572 A CN 113982572A CN 202111235936 A CN202111235936 A CN 202111235936A CN 113982572 A CN113982572 A CN 113982572A
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- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 158
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 158
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000008398 formation water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005213 imbibition Methods 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/002—Survey of boreholes or wells by visual inspection
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Abstract
The invention provides a fracturing energy storage integrated experimental method and device, wherein the method comprises the following steps: injecting fracturing fluid into the core sample in a point injection mode at a variable injection rate to perform variable load fracturing on the core sample until a preset fracturing length is reached, wherein the fractured core sample comprises a fracture part and a matrix part; and (3) storing energy for the core sample so that the fracture part expands to the matrix part by means of self pressure to store energy until the pressure of the fracture part and the pressure of the matrix part reach balance. The device comprises: the core holder is provided with a sealing sheet, and the sealing sheet is provided with an injection hole for injecting fracturing fluid into a core sample. The invention adopts the point injection and variable load fracturing modes to fracture the core, so that the fracturing length is controllable, the fracturing of the local area of the core sample is realized, and the energy storage experiment can be continuously carried out on the same core sample after the fracturing, thereby more truly simulating the actual fracturing energy storage working condition.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil extraction, in particular to a fracturing energy storage integrated experimental method and an experimental device.
Background
During oil production, in order to ensure that the stratum has enough energy to maintain stable production for a long time, the stratum needs to keep higher pressure, and energy storage fracturing is a mode for improving the energy of the stratum by a fracturing means. The amplitude of formation energy increase (mass transfer and pressure transfer through fracturing fluid) is the primary problem of energy storage fracturing and formation energy supplement. The mass transfer and pressure transfer of a fracture-matrix system and the matrix imbibition diffusion energy in the well-closing process after fracturing are the key points of energy storage.
The indoor experiment simulates field energy storage fracturing, which often focuses on the process of well closing and flowback after simulated fracturing, and often neglects the fracturing process. When the existing fracturing method is adopted to fracture the rock core sample, the cracks easily penetrate through the rock core sample, the pressure at two ends of the fractured rock core is instantly balanced, and the mass transfer and pressure transfer processes of a crack-matrix system during energy storage cannot be well monitored. Therefore, in the prior art, the fracturing and energy storage experiments are usually carried out separately, and the fracturing and energy storage experiments cannot be continuously carried out on the same core sample, so that the fracturing process and the energy storage process cannot be continuously monitored.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fracturing and energy storage integrated experimental method and an experimental device, and aims to solve the problem that fracturing and energy storage experiments cannot be continuously carried out in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a fracturing energy storage integrated experimental method, which comprises the following steps: injecting fracturing fluid into the core sample in a point injection mode at a variable injection rate to perform variable load fracturing on the core sample until a preset fracturing length is reached, wherein the preset fracturing length is smaller than the whole length of the core sample, and the fractured core sample comprises a fracture part and a matrix part; and stopping injecting the fracturing fluid into the core sample so as to ensure that the fracture part expands and stores energy to the matrix part by means of the pressure of the fracture part until the pressure of the fracture part and the pressure of the matrix part reach balance.
The fracturing energy storage integrated experimental method comprises the step of injecting fracturing fluid into a core sample in a point injection mode by adopting a variable injection rate, wherein the fracturing fluid is injected into the core sample in the point injection mode by alternately adopting a higher injection rate and a lower injection rate, and the higher injection rate is greater than the lower injection rate.
The fracturing energy storage integrated experimental method comprises the following steps of injecting fracturing fluid into a core sample in a point injection mode at a variable injection rate to perform variable load fracturing on the core sample until a preset fracturing length is reached: and in the process of injecting the fracturing fluid into the core sample in a point injection mode at a variable injection rate, acquiring a fracture expansion image in the core sample in real time by using an imaging system, and judging whether the fracturing length reaches the preset fracturing length or not according to the fracture expansion image.
The fracturing energy storage integrated experimental method comprises the following steps of stopping injecting fracturing fluid into the rock core so as to enable the fracture part to expand and store energy to the matrix part by means of self pressure, wherein the fracturing energy storage integrated experimental method comprises the following steps: and in the process that the fracture part expands, compresses and stores energy to the matrix part by means of self pressure, an imaging system is adopted to obtain a diffusion energy storage image in the core sample in real time, so that the diffusion energy storage mechanism of the fracture part to the matrix part is analyzed through the diffusion energy storage image.
The fracturing energy storage integrated experimental method, wherein the fracturing fluid is injected into the core sample in a punctiform injection mode at a variable injection rate, comprises the following steps: under the condition of applying preset triaxial stress and preset formation temperature to the core sample, injecting fracturing fluid into the core sample of the pretreated saturated crude oil in a punctiform injection mode at a variable injection rate; stopping injecting the fracturing fluid into the rock core so that the fracture part expands and stores energy to the matrix part by means of self pressure, and the method comprises the following steps: and under the condition of keeping the preset triaxial stress and the preset formation temperature, the fracture part expands and stores energy to the matrix part by means of self pressure.
The invention also provides a fracturing energy storage integrated experimental device, which is used for the fracturing energy storage integrated experimental method, and the experimental device comprises: the core holder is provided with a core cavity for accommodating a core sample, an inlet end and an outlet end which are respectively communicated with two opposite ends of the core cavity, and a sealing sheet arranged between the inlet end and the core sample, wherein the sealing sheet is provided with an injection hole for communicating the inlet end and the core cavity; the fracturing fluid injection system is connected with the inlet end and used for injecting fracturing fluid into the core sample in the core cavity through the injection hole; and the pressure monitoring system is connected with the inlet end and the outlet end and is used for monitoring the pressure difference between the fracture part and the matrix part of the rock core sample.
The fracturing energy storage integrated experimental device as described above, wherein the pressure monitoring system includes two pressure sensors respectively connected with the inlet end and the outlet end, and/or the pressure monitoring system includes a differential pressure sensor connected between the inlet end and the outlet end.
The fracturing energy storage integrated experimental device comprises an injection pump, an injection pipeline connected with the inlet end, and an injection pipeline and a fracturing fluid injection pipeline which are arranged between the injection pump and the injection pipeline in parallel, wherein a first pressurization valve, a first container and a first communication valve are sequentially arranged on the injection pipeline along the fluid flow direction, a second pressurization valve, a second container and a second communication valve are sequentially arranged on the fracturing fluid injection pipeline along the fluid flow direction, the injection pump, the injection pipeline, the first pressurization valve, the first container and the first communication valve form a crude oil injection system, and the injection pump, the fracturing fluid injection pipeline, the second pressurization valve, the second container and the second communication valve form the fracturing fluid injection system.
The fracturing energy storage integrated experimental device comprises a core holder, a confining pressure cavity and an axial pressure cavity, wherein the core holder is internally provided with the confining pressure cavity and the axial pressure cavity, the confining pressure cavity surrounds the core cavity, the axial pressure cavity corresponds to the end of the core cavity, the experimental device further comprises a confining pressure pump and an axial pressure pump which are arranged outside the core holder, the confining pressure pump is communicated with the confining pressure cavity, and the axial pressure pump is communicated with the axial pressure cavity.
The fracturing energy storage integrated experimental device comprises a core holder, a first plug, an end cover, a cushion block and a second plug, wherein the first plug is fixed at one end of the shell, the end cover is fixed at the other end of the shell, the cushion block and the second plug are arranged in the shell, the cushion block abuts against the first plug, a core cavity is formed between the cushion block and the second plug, the second plug can be axially movably arranged in the shell, an axial pressure cavity is formed between the second plug and the end cover, a confining pressure cavity is formed between the shell and a rubber tube used for wrapping a core sample in the core cavity, and the cushion block is in sealing joint with the core sample in the core cavity through the sealing sheet.
The fracturing energy storage integrated experimental device further comprises a back pressure pump, a back pressure pipeline communicating the back pressure pump and the outlet end, and a back pressure valve arranged on the back pressure pipeline.
The fracturing energy storage integrated experimental device further comprises an imaging system used for obtaining the internal image of the core sample, and the imaging system is arranged outside the core holder.
The fracturing energy storage integrated experimental device further comprises a heating pipe coiled on the periphery of the core holder, a temperature sensor used for measuring the temperature of the core sample in the core cavity, and a temperature control module respectively electrically connected with the heating pipe and the temperature sensor.
The fracturing energy storage integrated experimental method and the experimental device have the characteristics and advantages that:
1. the method adopts the variable injection rate to inject the fracturing fluid into the core sample in a punctiform injection mode, realizes the variable load non-penetrating fracturing of the core sample, ensures that the fracturing length is controllable, realizes the fracturing of a local area of the core sample but not the whole core sample, and ensures that the fractured core sample comprises a fracture part and a matrix part, so that the energy storage experiment can be continuously carried out on the same core sample after the fracturing experiment;
2. according to the fracturing energy storage integrated experimental method, the imaging system is adopted to obtain the fracture expansion image in the core sample in real time, so that whether the fracturing length reaches the preset fracturing length or not is conveniently judged, the imaging system is adopted to obtain the diffusion energy storage image in the core sample in real time, and accurate and reliable experimental data are provided for a mechanism for analyzing the diffusion energy storage of a fracture part to a matrix part;
3. the fracturing energy storage integrated experimental device can be used for simultaneously carrying out fracturing experiments and energy storage experiments, and is simple in structure and convenient to operate;
4. the fracturing energy storage integrated experimental device provided by the invention is used for simulating the formation stress condition by arranging the confining pressure cavity and the axial pressure cavity, simulating the formation temperature condition by arranging the heating device and simulating the initial formation pressure by arranging the back pressure device, so that the formation condition is simulated more truly and the accuracy of a simulation experiment is improved.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating and explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a fracturing energy storage integrated experimental method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a fracturing energy storage integrated experimental method of an embodiment of the invention before fracturing;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a fracturing energy storage integrated experimental apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Main element number description:
1. a core holder;
11. a core cavity; 12. an inlet end; 121. a first plug; 122. cushion blocks; 123. a first opening;
13. an outlet end; 131. an end cap; 132. a second plug; 133. a second opening;
14. a confining pressure cavity; 15. a shaft pressure chamber; 16. a housing; 17. sealing the sheet; 18. a rubber sleeve;
2. a pressure monitoring system;
21. a first pressure sensor; 22. a second pressure sensor; 23. a differential pressure sensor;
3. a liquid injection system; 31. a crude oil injection system; 32. a fracturing fluid injection system;
301. an injection pump; 302. an injection line; 303. an oil injection line; 304. injecting a fracturing fluid pipeline;
305. a first booster valve; 306. a first container; 307. a first communication valve; 308. a second pressurization valve;
309. a second container; 310. a second communication valve;
4. a pressure loading system; 41. a confining pressure pump; 42. an axial compression pump; 43. a first valve; 44. a second valve;
5. a back pressure device; 51. a back pressure pump; 52. a back pressure line; 53. a back pressure valve;
6. an imaging system; 7. a heating device.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly understand the technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Where the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated, the features defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the term "connected" is to be understood broadly, for example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection via an intermediate medium, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that the above terms are used in the patent in a specific sense.
Implementation mode one
As shown in fig. 1, in order to solve the problem that the fracturing and energy storage experiment cannot be continuously carried out in the prior art, the invention provides a fracturing and energy storage integrated experimental method, which comprises the following steps:
step S110: and (3) fracturing process: injecting fracturing fluid into the core sample in a dotted injection mode at a variable injection rate to perform variable-load non-penetrating fracturing on the core sample until a preset fracturing length is reached, and stopping injecting the fracturing fluid, wherein the preset fracturing length is smaller than the whole axial length of the core sample, for example, the preset fracturing length is 1/3-1/2 of the whole axial length of the core sample, the fractured core sample comprises a fracture part and a matrix part, namely, all fractures in the core sample form the fracture part, and the core body part except the fractures is the matrix part;
step S120: energy storage process: and (3) carrying out energy storage (equivalent to stewing) on the core sample so as to ensure that the fracture part expands to the matrix part by means of self pressure for energy storage until the pressure of the fracture part and the pressure of the matrix part reach balance.
The invention adopts the variable injection rate to inject the fracturing fluid into the core sample in a punctiform injection mode, realizes variable load fracturing on the core sample, ensures that the fracturing length is controllable, realizes fracturing on the local area of the core sample but not on the whole core sample, does not form a through crack, avoids instantaneous pressure balance at the outlet end and the inlet end, ensures that the fractured core sample comprises a crack part and a matrix part, and then continuously carries out the energy storage experiment on the same core sample after the fracturing experiment to form the effect of mass transfer and pressure transfer of the crack and the matrix, but the existing fracturing method can not control the non-through fracturing on the core sample, and can not continuously carry out the fracturing and energy storage experiments, therefore, compared with the prior art, the experimental method can more truly simulate the actual fracturing energy storage working condition, and has more accurate experimental result.
In addition, the fracturing fluid is injected into the core sample in a point injection mode, so that the core sample is fractured in the core holder; by adopting a variable load fracturing mode, the fatigue of the rock is accelerated, the damage of the rock is accelerated, the generation of cracks is accelerated, and the fracturing efficiency is improved.
For example, when the preset fracture length is 1/3 of the overall axial length of the core sample, the core part with the length 1/3 is the modified area, the core parts with the remaining length 2/3 are the non-modified areas, and the fracture part and the matrix part reach pressure balance, that is, the fractures of the modified area, the matrix of the modified area and the matrix of the non-modified area all reach pressure balance.
In one embodiment, in step S110, the fracturing fluid is injected into the core sample in a point injection manner at a varying injection rate by alternately injecting the fracturing fluid into the core sample in a point injection manner at a higher injection rate and a lower injection rate, wherein the higher injection rate is greater than the lower injection rate.
The upper and lower limits of the injection rate are related to the properties of the rock core used in the experiment, variable load fracturing is that cracks are generated by fatigue damage, and the ranges of the higher injection rate and the lower injection rate can be determined according to rock fatigue damage rock mechanics experiments of different rock core samples.
Preferably, the higher injection rate is 5mL/min to 10mL/min and the lower injection rate is 0.5mL/min to 0.8 mL/min. Wherein higher injection rate and lower injection rate all belong to less discharge capacity, realize little discharge capacity, variable load fracturing, more do benefit to control fracturing length, prevent to form and run through the crack.
In one embodiment, step S110 includes: and in the process of injecting the fracturing fluid into the core sample at the variable injection rate, acquiring a fracture expansion image in the core sample in real time by using an imaging system so as to judge whether the fracturing length reaches the preset fracturing length or not through the fracture expansion image. The imaging system is, for example, a CT scanner.
In one embodiment, step S120 includes: in the process of storing energy of the core sample, an imaging system is adopted to obtain a diffusion energy storage image in the core sample in real time, so that a mechanism of diffusion energy storage from a crack part to a matrix part is analyzed through the diffusion energy storage image. For example the imaging system is a nuclear magnetic system.
In one embodiment, step S110 includes: under the condition of applying preset triaxial stress and preset formation temperature to the core sample, injecting fracturing fluid into the core sample in a punctiform injection mode at a variable injection rate so as to simulate the formation stress condition and the formation temperature condition. Step S120 includes: and storing energy for the rock core sample under the condition of keeping the preset triaxial stress and the preset formation temperature so as to simulate the formation stress condition and the formation temperature condition.
The embodiment carries out fracturing experiments and energy storage experiments under the condition of simulating the stratum stress and the stratum temperature, and further improves the authenticity and the accuracy of the experiments.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the experimental method of the present disclosure further comprises the following steps prior to fracturing the core sample:
step S101: obtaining a core sample, for example, preparing the core sample by using the existing core preparation method, or sampling from the underground, for example, the core sample has a diameter of 5cm and a length of 7.5 cm-10 cm;
step S102: pretreating the core sample, including but not limited to washing oil and drying the core sample, and measuring basic physical parameters of the core, such as the mass, the length, the diameter, the permeability, the porosity and the like;
step S103: saturating formation water for a core sample, for example, saturating formation water after the core is vacuumized;
step S104: a centrifuge method is adopted to enable the core sample to reach the state of bound water under the condition of formation temperature, and the saturation of the bound water can be measured at the same time;
step S105: injecting the constant-pressure displacement crude oil into the core sample to saturate the core sample with the crude oil, that is, to make the pressure inside the core sample reach a preset initial pressure, where the preset initial pressure is equivalent to the initial formation pressure, and preferably, the step is also performed under the condition of applying a preset triaxial stress and a preset formation temperature to the core sample.
Second embodiment
As shown in fig. 3, the present invention further provides a fracturing and energy storage integrated experimental apparatus, which is an experimental apparatus used in the fracturing and energy storage integrated experimental method according to the first embodiment, the experimental apparatus includes a core holder 1, a fracturing fluid injection system 32 and a pressure monitoring system 2, the core holder 1 has a core cavity 11 for accommodating a core sample, an inlet end 12 and an outlet end 13 respectively communicated with two opposite ends of the core cavity 11, and a sealing sheet 17 disposed between the inlet end 12 and the core sample, the sealing sheet 17 is provided with injection holes communicating the inlet end 12 with the core cavity 11, the fracturing fluid injection system 32 is connected with the inlet end 12 and is configured to inject fracturing fluid into the core sample in the core cavity 11 through the injection holes at a variable injection rate, that is, the fracturing fluid injection system 32 injects fracturing fluid into the core sample in a variable load fracturing manner, and cracks from an end of the core sample close to the inlet end 12, when the preset fracturing length is reached, stopping injecting the fracturing fluid to obtain a modified core part with cracks close to the inlet end 12 and an unmodified core part in a closed state (not penetrated by the cracks) at the outlet end 13; the pressure monitoring system 2 is connected with the inlet end 12 and the outlet end 13 and is used for monitoring the pressure difference between the fracture part and the matrix part of the core sample so as to monitor whether the fracture part and the matrix part reach pressure balance in real time during the energy storage process.
Wherein, the core holder 1 can be a fracturing energy storage integrated core holder.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the pressure monitoring system 2 comprises a first pressure sensor 21 connected to the inlet end 12 and a second pressure sensor 22 connected to the outlet end 13, the two pressure sensors respectively indicating the pressure at the inlet end 12 and the pressure at the outlet end 13; and/or, pressure monitoring system 2 is including connecting pressure differential sensor 23 between entry end 12 and exit end 13, and pressure differential sensor 23 can show the pressure differential between entry end 12 and the exit end 13 in real time, and pressure differential sensor 23's precision is higher, can improve the experiment accuracy, can monitor the little pressure differential change in energy storage stage later stage. In the experiment, whether the pressure balance between the fracture part and the matrix part is achieved can be judged by the difference between the readings of the two pressure sensors or directly by the reading of the differential pressure sensor 23. In addition, whether the pressure at the inlet end drops in the fracturing process can be monitored to judge whether the fracture is pressed out.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the experimental apparatus includes a liquid injection system 3, the liquid injection system 3 includes an injection pump 301, an injection line 302 connected to the inlet end 12, and an injection line 303 and a fracturing fluid injection line 304 arranged in parallel between the injection pump 301 and the injection line 302; a first pressure increasing valve 305, a first container 306 and a first communication valve 307 are sequentially arranged on the oil injection pipeline 303 along the liquid flow direction, the first container 306 is used for containing crude oil, a second pressure increasing valve 308, a second container 309 and a second communication valve 310 are sequentially arranged on the fracturing fluid injection pipeline 304 along the liquid flow direction, the second container 309 is used for containing fracturing fluid, the injection pump 301, the oil injection pipeline 303, the first pressure increasing valve 305, the first container 306 and the first communication valve 307 form a crude oil injection system 31 for injecting crude oil into the core sample, the injection pump 301, the fracturing fluid injection pipeline 304, the second pressure increasing valve 308, the second container 309 and the second communication valve 310 form a fracturing fluid injection system 32 for injecting fracturing fluid into the core sample at a variable injection rate, wherein the injection pump 301 can control the injection pressure and the injection rate, for example, the injection pump 301 is a plunger pump, preferably an ISCO plunger pump, typically the maximum injection pressure does not exceed 10 MPa.
When the core sample needs to be saturated with crude oil, the first communication valve 307, the second communication valve 310 and the second pressurization valve 308 are closed, the first pressurization valve 305 is opened, the injection pump 301 is used for enabling the pressure in the first container 306 to reach a preset initial pressure which is equivalent to the initial formation pressure, then the first communication valve 307 is opened, and the crude oil is driven by the injection pump 301 to be driven at a constant pressure to be driven to enter the core sample until the pressure in the core sample reaches the preset initial pressure.
When the fracturing fluid needs to be injected into the core sample, the first communication valve 307, the second communication valve 310 and the first pressurization valve 305 are closed, the second pressurization valve 308 is opened, the pressure in the second container 309 reaches the preset fracturing injection pressure by using the injection pump 301, then the second communication valve 310 is opened, and the fracturing fluid is injected into the core sample at the variable injection rate until the preset fracturing length is reached.
The liquid injection system 3 in the embodiment can simultaneously realize crude oil injection and fracturing liquid injection, and is simple in structure and convenient to operate.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, a confining pressure cavity 14 and an axial pressure cavity 15 are arranged in the core holder 1, the confining pressure cavity 14 is arranged around the core cavity 11, the axial pressure cavity 15 is arranged corresponding to the end of the core cavity 11, and the confining pressure cavity 14 and the axial pressure cavity 15 are used for applying the preset triaxial stress to the core sample so as to simulate a formation stress condition, preferably, the axial pressure cavity 15 is located at the outlet end 13 of the core holder 1 instead of the inlet end 12; the experimental device further comprises a pressure loading system 4 arranged outside the core holder 1, the pressure loading system 4 comprises a confining pressure pump 41 and an axial pressure pump 42, the confining pressure pump 41 is communicated with the confining pressure cavity 14 and used for injecting liquid into the confining pressure cavity 14 so as to apply confining pressure to the core sample through the liquid, and the axial pressure pump 42 is communicated with the axial pressure cavity 15 and used for injecting liquid into the axial pressure cavity 15 so as to apply axial pressure to the core sample through the liquid. For example, the confining pressure pump 41 and the axial pressure pump 42 are plunger pumps, preferably ISCO plunger pumps, and a first valve 43 is provided between the confining pressure pump 41 and the confining pressure chamber 14, and a second valve 44 is provided between the axial pressure pump 42 and the axial pressure chamber 15 for control.
Further, as shown in fig. 3, the core holder 1 includes a housing 16, a first plug 121 fixed at one end of the housing 16, an end cap 131 fixed at the other end of the housing 16, and a cushion block 122 and a second plug 132 arranged in the housing 16, preferably, the first plug 121 is detachably and fixedly connected with the housing 16, the cushion block 122 abuts against the first plug 121, a core cavity 11 is formed between the cushion block 122 and the second plug 132, the second plug 132 is axially and movably arranged in the housing 16, an axial pressure cavity 15 is formed between the second plug 132 and the end cap 131, a confining pressure cavity 14 is formed between the housing 16 and a rubber sleeve 18 for wrapping a core sample in the core cavity 11, the cushion block 122 is in sealing engagement with the core sample in the core cavity 11 through a sealing sheet 17, the sealing sheet 17 is provided with an injection hole, for example, the diameter of the injection hole is 3mm, the injection hole communicates the inlet end 12 with the core cavity 11 to realize the punctiform injection of fracturing fluid through the injection hole, instead of face injection, the seal plate 17 seals the end of the pad 122 and the core sample, preventing the fracturing fluid from flowing between the pad 122 and the core sample.
In this embodiment, specifically, as shown in fig. 3, a first opening 123 sequentially passes through the first plug 121 and the spacer 122, the first opening 123 is connected and communicated with an injection hole on the sealing sheet 17, the first opening 123, the first plug 121 and the spacer 122 together form the inlet end 12 of the core holder 1, a second opening 133 sequentially passes through the end cover 131 and the second plug 132, and the second opening 133, the end cover 131 and the second plug 132 together form the outlet end 13 of the core holder 1.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the experimental apparatus further includes a back pressure device 5, the back pressure device 5 includes a back pressure pump 51, a back pressure pipeline 52 communicating the back pressure pump 51 and the outlet end 13 of the core holder 1, and a back pressure valve 53 arranged on the back pressure pipeline 52, during an experiment, during crude oil saturation of a core sample, the back pressure valve 53 is kept open, and a back pressure is set by the back pressure pump 51, and the back pressure is equal to the preset initial pressure so as to simulate an initial formation pressure; during the fracturing and energy storage processes, the back-pressure valve 53 is kept closed to suppress the pressure of the core sample.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the experimental apparatus further includes an imaging system 6 for obtaining an image of an inside of the core sample, the imaging system 6 obtains a fracture propagation image and a diffusion energy storage image in the core sample by scanning the core holder 1, the imaging system 6 is disposed outside the core holder 1, for example, the imaging system 6 is a CT scanner and/or a nuclear magnetic system, the CT scanner may be used during fracturing, and the nuclear magnetic system may be used during energy storage, so as to display oil-water distribution in the core sample through the nuclear magnetic system.
When a CT scanner is used as the imaging system 6, the core holder 1 is made of aluminum alloy or carbon fiber, so that X-rays are allowed to pass through the core holder 1, the CT scanner can scan and obtain structural images of different sections of a core sample in real time, the internal fracture form and the fracture extension condition of the core are monitored in a fracturing experiment, and the processes of fluid loss from the fracture to a matrix part and energy storage through diffusion are monitored in a diffusion energy storage experiment.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the experimental apparatus further includes a heating device 7, the heating device 7 is configured to apply the preset formation temperature to the core sample to simulate a formation temperature condition, the heating device 7 includes a heating pipe wound around the periphery of the core holder 1, a temperature sensor configured to measure a temperature of the core sample in the core cavity 11, and a temperature control module electrically connected to the heating pipe and the temperature sensor, the heating temperature is set by the temperature control module, the actual temperature is monitored by the temperature sensor in real time, the temperature control module receives a temperature signal sent by the temperature sensor, and controls a heating temperature of the heating pipe according to the temperature signal, so that the actual temperature of the core sample reaches the set temperature, and therefore the heating device 7 of this embodiment not only has a heating function, but also has a temperature control function. For example, the temperature sensor is arranged between the heating pipe and the outer wall of the core holder, and when the actual temperature of the core holder 1 reaches the set temperature and is stabilized for 3-5 hours, the temperature of the core sample is considered to reach the set temperature. Wherein the heating pipe can be a water bath heating pipe. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and in other embodiments, other existing heating devices may be used.
The fracturing energy storage integrated experiment device is used for carrying out fracturing energy storage integrated experiments, and for example, the fracturing energy storage integrated experiment device comprises the following specific operation steps which are carried out in sequence:
a. preparing a full-diameter underground core;
b. washing oil and drying the core sample;
c. saturating formation water for a core sample;
d. enabling the core sample to reach a bound water state under the condition of formation temperature by adopting a centrifuge method, and simultaneously measuring the saturation of the bound water;
e. putting a core sample into a core cavity 11 of the core holder 1, and starting a heating device 7 to apply a preset formation temperature to the core sample so as to simulate the formation temperature; then, opening a first valve 43 and a second valve 44, and applying preset triaxial stress on the rock core sample through a confining pressure pump 41 and an axial pressure pump 42 so as to simulate three-dimensional stress under a triaxial condition; opening a back pressure valve 53, and applying a preset initial pressure to the rock core sample through a back pressure pump 51 to simulate an initial formation pressure;
f. saturated crude oil: closing the first communication valve 307 and the second communication valve 310, opening the first pressurizing valve 305, enabling the pressure in the first container 306 to reach the preset initial pressure by using the injection pump 301, then opening the first communication valve 307, driving crude oil to enter the core sample at constant pressure under the driving of the injection pump 301 until the pressure in the core sample reaches the preset initial pressure so as to simulate the initial formation pressure and stabilize for more than 24 hours, simultaneously monitoring the pressure by using the first pressure sensor 21 and the second pressure sensor 22, and then closing the first communication valve 307;
g. variable load fracturing: closing the back pressure valve 53, continuing to apply the preset triaxial stress and the preset formation temperature to the core sample, closing the first communication valve 307 and the second communication valve 310, opening the second pressurization valve 308, and enabling the pressure of the fracturing fluid in the second container 309 to reach a preset fracturing injection pressure by using the injection pump 301, wherein the preset fracturing injection pressure is less than the maximum pressure bearing of the core holder; then, opening a second communication valve 310, injecting fracturing fluid into the core sample at a variable injection rate and in a point-shaped injection mode, for example, setting the initial injection rate to be 5 mL/min-8 mL/min, changing the injection rate after the pressure reaches the preset fracturing injection pressure, gradually reducing the injection rate to 0.5 mL/min-0.8 mL/min, then gradually increasing the injection rate to 5 mL/min-10 mL/min, changing the injection rate again after the pressure reaches the preset fracturing injection pressure, repeating the injection process, monitoring the pressure change at the inlet end 12, scanning the core sample in real time by using a CT scanner until the preset fracturing length is reached, and stopping injecting the fracturing fluid, wherein the core sample comprises a fracture part containing fractures and a matrix part containing no fractures;
h. diffusion and energy storage: the second communication valve 310 is closed, the whole core system simulates an energy storage state after fracturing, mass transfer and pressure transfer are carried out on a fracture part of a core sample to a matrix part, the pressure of the fracture part is gradually reduced and the pressure of the matrix part is gradually increased along with the flowing of fracturing fluid from the fracture to the matrix part, meanwhile, the core sample is monitored in real time by a nuclear magnetic system, the pressure of the fracture part, the pressure of the matrix part and the pressure difference between the fracture part and the matrix part are monitored in real time by the first pressure sensor 21, the second pressure sensor 22 and the pressure difference sensor 23 until the indication number of the pressure difference sensor 23 is smaller than 30psi or the pressure indication number of the second pressure sensor 22 does not change any more, the pressure balance of the fracture part and the matrix part is indicated, and the pressure expansion and energy storage process is finished.
The above description is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications that can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention should be considered within the scope of the invention. It should be noted that the components of the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned whole application, and various technical features described in the present specification can be selected to be used alone or in combination according to actual needs, so that the present invention naturally covers other combinations and specific applications related to the invention.
Claims (13)
1. A fracturing energy storage integrated experimental method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
injecting fracturing fluid into the core sample in a point injection mode at a variable injection rate to perform variable load fracturing on the core sample until a preset fracturing length is reached, and stopping injecting the fracturing fluid, wherein the preset fracturing length is smaller than the whole length of the core sample, and the fractured core sample comprises a fracture part and a matrix part;
and storing energy for the core sample so that the fracture part expands and stores energy to the matrix part by means of the pressure of the fracture part until the pressure of the fracture part and the pressure of the matrix part reach balance.
2. The fracturing energy storage integrated experimental method according to claim 1, wherein the fracturing fluid is injected into the core sample in a point injection manner by using the variable injection rate by alternately using a higher injection rate and a lower injection rate, wherein the higher injection rate is greater than the lower injection rate.
3. The fracturing energy storage integrated experimental method of claim 1, wherein the injecting the fracturing fluid into the core sample in a punctiform injection mode at a variable injection rate to perform variable load fracturing on the core sample until a preset fracturing length is reached comprises:
and in the process of injecting the fracturing fluid into the core sample in a point injection mode at a variable injection rate, acquiring a fracture expansion image in the core sample in real time by using an imaging system, and judging whether the fracturing length reaches the preset fracturing length or not according to the fracture expansion image.
4. The fracturing energy storage integrated experimental method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the energy storage of the core sample to enable the fracture part to expand and store energy to the matrix part by means of self pressure comprises the following steps:
and in the process of storing the energy of the core sample, acquiring a diffusion energy storage image in the core sample in real time by using an imaging system, and analyzing a mechanism of diffusion energy storage from the crack part to the matrix part through the diffusion energy storage image.
5. The fracturing energy storage integrated experimental method of claim 1,
the method for injecting the fracturing fluid into the core sample in a point injection mode by adopting the variable injection rate comprises the following steps:
under the condition of applying preset triaxial stress and preset formation temperature to the core sample, injecting fracturing fluid into the core sample of the pretreated saturated crude oil in a punctiform injection mode at a variable injection rate;
the energy storage of the core sample is carried out so that the fracture part expands and stores energy to the matrix part by means of self pressure, and the energy storage method comprises the following steps:
and under the condition of keeping the preset triaxial stress and the preset formation temperature, storing energy for the core sample so as to enable the fracture part to expand and store energy for the matrix part by means of self pressure.
6. An integrated fracturing energy storage experimental device, which is used for the integrated fracturing energy storage experimental method of any one of claims 1 to 5, and comprises:
the core holder is provided with a core cavity for accommodating a core sample, an inlet end and an outlet end which are respectively communicated with two opposite ends of the core cavity, and a sealing sheet arranged between the inlet end and the core sample, wherein the sealing sheet is provided with an injection hole for communicating the inlet end and the core cavity;
the fracturing fluid injection system is connected with the inlet end and used for injecting fracturing fluid into the core sample in the core cavity through the injection hole;
and the pressure monitoring system is connected with the inlet end and the outlet end and is used for monitoring the pressure difference between the fracture part and the matrix part of the rock core sample.
7. The fracturing energy storage integrated experimental device of claim 6, wherein the pressure monitoring system comprises two pressure sensors respectively connected with the inlet end and the outlet end, and/or,
the pressure monitoring system includes a differential pressure sensor connected between the inlet end and the outlet end.
8. The fracturing energy storage integrated experimental device of claim 6, wherein the experimental device comprises an injection pump, an injection pipeline connected with the inlet end, and an oil injection pipeline and a fracturing fluid injection pipeline which are arranged between the injection pump and the injection pipeline in parallel, a first pressurizing valve, a first container and a first communicating valve are sequentially arranged on the oil filling pipeline along the liquid flow direction, a second pressurizing valve, a second container and a second communicating valve are sequentially arranged on the fracturing fluid injection pipeline along the flow direction of the fluid, the injection pump, the oil injection pipeline, the first pressurization valve, the first container and the first communication valve form a crude oil injection system, the injection pump, the fracturing fluid injection pipeline, the second pressurization valve, the second container and the second communication valve form a fracturing fluid injection system.
9. The fracturing energy storage integrated experimental device as claimed in claim 6, wherein a confining pressure cavity and an axial pressure cavity are arranged in the core holder, the confining pressure cavity is arranged around the core cavity, the axial pressure cavity is arranged corresponding to the end of the core cavity, the experimental device further comprises a confining pressure pump and an axial pressure pump which are arranged outside the core holder, the confining pressure pump is communicated with the confining pressure cavity, and the axial pressure pump is communicated with the axial pressure cavity.
10. The fracturing energy storage integrated experimental device as claimed in claim 9, wherein the core holder comprises a housing, a first plug fixed at one end of the housing, an end cover fixed at the other end of the housing, and a cushion block and a second plug arranged in the housing, wherein the cushion block abuts against the first plug, the core cavity is formed between the cushion block and the second plug, the second plug is axially movably arranged in the housing, the axial pressure cavity is formed between the second plug and the end cover, the confining pressure cavity is formed between the housing and a rubber tube used for wrapping a core sample in the core cavity, and the cushion block is in sealing engagement with the core sample in the core cavity through the sealing sheet.
11. The fracturing energy storage integrated experimental device of claim 6, further comprising a back pressure pump, a back pressure pipeline communicating the back pressure pump and the outlet end, and a back pressure valve arranged on the back pressure pipeline.
12. The fracturing energy storage integrated experimental device of claim 6, further comprising an imaging system for obtaining an image of the interior of the core sample, wherein the imaging system is disposed outside the core holder.
13. The fracturing energy storage integrated experimental device of claim 6, further comprising a heating pipe coiled around the periphery of the core holder, a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of the core sample in the core cavity, and a temperature control module electrically connected to the heating pipe and the temperature sensor respectively.
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