CN113982014A - Alternate construction method for mountain group building - Google Patents
Alternate construction method for mountain group building Download PDFInfo
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- CN113982014A CN113982014A CN202111284436.4A CN202111284436A CN113982014A CN 113982014 A CN113982014 A CN 113982014A CN 202111284436 A CN202111284436 A CN 202111284436A CN 113982014 A CN113982014 A CN 113982014A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/207—Securing of slopes or inclines with means incorporating sheet piles or piles
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/16—Arrangement or construction of joints in foundation structures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for alternate construction of mountain colony buildings, which belongs to the field of buildings and comprises the following steps: selecting narrow shallow mountain terrain, acquiring real-time landform, and formulating accurate construction terrain drawing; dividing a construction site into a plurality of flat sections, a plurality of high-low span joints and a plurality of post-cast strips on a drawing according to the basic elevation of the terrain; respectively marking the elevation of each flat section, the elevation and the inclination angle of each high-low span joint part and the elevation of each post-cast strip on a drawing according to an actual proportion; optimizing the position of a post-cast strip, and respectively arranging the post-cast strips at the top and the bottom of the high-low span joint part; through dividing the construction site into a plurality of flat sections, a plurality of high-low span joint parts and a plurality of post-cast strips, and carrying out alternate construction, the construction period is greatly shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of buildings, in particular to a method for alternate construction of mountain colony buildings.
Background
When group building construction is carried out in narrow shallow mountain areas, buildings are often constructed according to terrain, and height difference exists between adjacent building foundations. In the traditional construction, the low-span position is constructed to the high-span elevation, and then the high-span construction is carried out.
When the existing construction technology is used for construction in narrow shallow mountainous areas, due to the limitation of fields, construction is gradually carried out from ground spans to high spans, the construction working face is few, the running water construction condition is avoided, the construction period is long, and the risk resistance of project construction is weak.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a method for inserting and constructing mountain colony buildings to overcome the shortcomings in the prior art.
The invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for inserting construction of mountain colony buildings comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting narrow shallow mountain terrain, obtaining landform, and making an accurate construction terrain drawing;
s2, dividing the construction site into a plurality of flat sections, a plurality of high-low span joints and a plurality of post-cast strips on a drawing according to the basic elevation of the terrain;
s3, marking the elevation of each flat section, the elevation and the inclination angle of each high-low span joint part and the elevation of each post-cast strip on a drawing according to the actual proportion;
s4, optimizing the position of the post-cast strip, and respectively arranging the post-cast strip at the top and the bottom of the high-low span joint part;
s5, planning a material stacking area and a processing area on the flat section;
s6, constructing each flat section simultaneously, and forming flow construction on the flat sections at the two ends of the high-low span joint part;
s7, performing foundation construction on the high-low span joint part, and forming a high-span section and a low-span section on the high-low span joint part;
and S8, inserting construction is carried out on the high-low span joint part, the material stacking area, the processing area and the horizontal section.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S4, the post-cast strip is disposed on the flat section, and the flat section and the high-low bay junction are separated from each other by the post-cast strip.
Further, in step S5, post-cast belts are provided around the material stacking area and the processing area, respectively, and the material stacking area and the processing area are separated by the post-cast belts.
Further, in step S5, the processing area includes a rebar processing field.
Further, in step S6, the flat section construction includes leveling a base surface, planning a construction area, installing a construction formwork, leveling and paving base surface concrete, and anti-skid treatment.
Further, in step S6, the flat section construction further includes the construction of a garage main body, and a garage main body structure is formed in the flat section.
Further, after the construction of the garage main body structure of the flat section is completed, the material stacking area and the processing area are transferred to a garage top plate of the garage main body structure, the site is emptied, and the raw material stacking and the structure construction of the processing area are performed alternately.
Further, the garage main body structure construction comprises maintenance of a flat base surface, a prefabricated garage top plate and a main body structure.
Further, in step S7, the foundation construction includes base surface pretreatment, slope protection and base surface soil filling of the high-low span joint.
Further, the base surface pretreatment includes base surface cleaning, base surface leveling, and base surface compacting.
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages: can obtain the real appearance of narrow shallow mountain topography in real time through unmanned aerial vehicle, combine drawing software to divide into a plurality of flat sections with the construction site on the drawing, the joint portion is striden to a plurality of heights and a plurality of post-cast strip, plan the material simultaneously on flat section and stack district and processing area to stride the joint portion at height, the material stacks the district, the construction is alternated to the flat section in processing area, has reduced construction period greatly, improves the anti-risk ability of construction simultaneously.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible and comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 illustrates a flow chart of a method for mountain crowd construction break-through according to some embodiments of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a mountain colony building construction completion perspective structure provided by some embodiments of the invention;
FIG. 3 shows an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram illustrating another perspective of completing the insertion construction of the mountain colony building according to some embodiments.
Description of the main element symbols:
100-flat section; 200-high-low span junction; 300-post-cast strip.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly on" another element, there are no intervening elements present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in the description of the templates herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
As shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for inserting and constructing mountain group buildings, which is mainly applied to the construction of group buildings with large height differences in narrow shallow mountainous terrain. The method comprises the following steps:
and S1, selecting narrow shallow mountain terrain, acquiring landform, and making an accurate construction terrain drawing.
Specifically, in step S1, according to the needs of the construction project, the narrow shallow mountain terrain is selected, the narrow shallow mountain terrain can be aerial photographed by the unmanned aerial vehicle, and the real-time landform is recorded to obtain the real-time landform, and the landform of the narrow shallow mountain terrain can also be obtained by periodic aerial photographing.
Specifically, through unmanned aerial vehicle, the region that needs carry out the construction is taken photo by plane, simultaneously, still can take notes topography and landform around the construction area, for further observe and analyze topography and landform around the construction area, improves the efficiency of construction and the security of construction in the work progress. According to the landform of the unmanned aerial vehicle aerial photography, drawing accurate construction drawings is combined with drawing software. The drawing software may be any one of cad (computer Aided design), SolidWorks, Pro (Pro/engineering), and BIM (Building Information model) Modeling, and may be determined according to actual conditions.
In addition, in order to observe the whole construction progress in real time, the construction landform can be periodically aerial-photographed by the unmanned aerial vehicle in the construction process, and the real-time construction progress is obtained.
And S2, dividing the construction site into a plurality of flat sections, a plurality of high-low span joints and a plurality of post-cast strips on a drawing according to the basic elevation of the terrain.
Specifically, the construction area is divided into a plurality of flat sections 100, a plurality of high-low span joints 200 and a plurality of post-cast strips 300 according to the base elevation of the terrain by combining the construction drawing.
In order to improve the safety of construction on the flat section, the post-cast strip is arranged on one side of the connecting part of the flat section and the high-low span joint part 200, the flat section and the post-cast strip are separated by the post-cast strip, and the construction can be carried out on the flat section 100 and the high-low span joint part 200 in an inserting manner, so that the construction efficiency is improved.
And S3, respectively marking the elevation of each flat section, the elevation and the inclination angle of each high-low span joint part and the elevation of each post-cast strip on a drawing according to the actual proportion.
Specifically, in step S3, the real-time geomorphic image obtained by the aerial photography of the unmanned aerial vehicle is used to draw the geomorphic image in the mapping software, and the elevation of the geomorphic image is marked, and the elevation of each flat section 100, the elevation and the inclination angle of each high-low span joint 200, and the elevation of each post-cast strip 300 are marked on the mapping according to the actual proportion, so that the accuracy in the construction process is improved, and the rework phenomenon is avoided.
And S4, optimizing the position of the post-cast strip, and respectively arranging the post-cast strip at the top and the bottom of the high-low span joint.
Specifically, in step S4, the position of the post-cast strip 300 is optimized, the post-cast strip 300 is respectively disposed on the top and bottom of the high-low span joint 200, the post-cast strip 300 is disposed on the flat section 100, the flat section 100 is separated from the high-low span joint 200 by the post-cast strip 300, the construction can be performed on the flat section 100 and the high-low span joint 200, and the construction performed on the flat section 100 and the construction performed on the high-low span joint 200 are not affected by each other, thereby further improving the construction efficiency.
S5, planning the material stacking area and the processing area on the flat section.
Specifically, in step S5, a material stacking area and a processing area are planned on the flat section 100, the material stacking area is separated from the processing area by the post-cast strip 300, raw materials are stacked in the material stacking area, and the processing of the materials is performed in the processing area, so that the stacking and processing of the raw materials can be performed simultaneously without affecting each other, thereby improving the construction efficiency.
In order to improve the construction efficiency, the construction speed of different sections is the same, the material stacking area and the material processing area are respectively arranged in the middle of the flat section, so that the distances between the raw materials and the transportation process at two ends of the high-low span joint part connected with the flat section are the same after the raw materials are processed, the synchronism of the construction progress is improved, and the construction efficiency is improved.
And S6, simultaneously constructing each flat section, and forming flowing water construction on the flat sections at the two ends of the high-low span joint part.
Specifically, in step S6, each of the flat sections 100 is constructed at the same time, and the straight sections at both ends of the high-low span joint 200 are constructed in a flow-line manner, and the construction is performed in a "low-first-high" manner, thereby improving the construction efficiency.
The straight sections at the two ends of the high-low span joint 200 refer to sections where the two ends of the high-low span joint are connected to the flat sections. The construction by the method of "low first and high second" means that the construction is performed on the end of each section of the high-low span joint 200 where the terrain is relatively low.
And S7, performing foundation construction on the high-low span joint part, and forming two flowing water sections of a high span section and a low span section on the high-low span joint part.
Specifically, in step S7, the high-low span joint 200 is subjected to foundation construction, and two flowing water sections, i.e., a high span section and a low span section, are formed on the high-low span joint 200.
It is understood that high span refers to a relatively higher section in high-low span joint 200, and low span refers to a relatively lower section in high-low span joint 200. Through dividing the high-low joint 200 into two flowing water sections of high span and low span, when the high-low joint 200 is constructed, the flowing water construction section constructed from two ends to the middle part is formed on the high-low joint 200, so that the construction efficiency of the high-low joint 200 is improved, the construction period of the project is reduced, and the risk resistance of the construction project is improved.
It should be noted that the flow section is a section that facilitates the development of flow construction when organizing flow construction. The running water section is the construction section.
The flat section 100 is an area with a relatively gentle topography. The high-low span junction 200 refers to an area connecting a higher elevation topography with a lower elevation topography. In addition, in some embodiments of the present invention, the elevation refers to a distance from a certain point to an absolute base along a vertical line direction, and is referred to as an absolute elevation, or simply an elevation.
And S8, inserting construction is carried out on the high-low span joint part, the material stacking area, the processing area and the horizontal section.
Specifically, in step S8, the high-low span joint 200, the material stacking area, the processing area, and the flat section 100 are alternately constructed, so that the construction efficiency is improved, the construction period is greatly shortened, the phenomenon of work missing (i.e., stop work) is avoided, and the risk resistance of the construction project is improved.
It should be noted that the insertion construction is a rapid construction organization method, which means that in the construction process, various projects such as civil engineering, water and electricity and equipment installation of indoor and outdoor, bottom and floor parts are combined, and a plurality of processes of up-down, left-right, front-back, inside-outside and multi-process are inserted and tightly connected with each other, and construction operation is carried out simultaneously.
The space and time are fully utilized in the alternate construction mode, and the stop phenomenon in construction is reduced to be completely eliminated, so that the construction progress is accelerated, the construction period of the project is shortened, and the risk resistance of the construction project is improved.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, in some embodiments of the present invention, in step S4, the post-cast strip 300 is disposed on the flat section 100, and the flat section 100 and the high-low span joint 200 are separated from each other by the post-cast strip 300, so that during construction, construction can be performed on the flat section 100 and the high-low span joint 200 at the same time, and the construction efficiency is improved without affecting each other during the insertion construction.
It should be noted that the post-cast strip 300 according to the present invention is a concrete strip reserved at corresponding positions of a foundation slab, a wall, and a beam according to design or construction specification requirements in order to prevent harmful cracks from occurring in a cast reinforced concrete structure due to uneven self-shrinkage or uneven settlement.
The flat section 100 is divided into a plurality of areas by the post-cast strip 300, and after the inner part of the member is contracted, the construction joint concrete is cast and tamped to connect the plurality of areas into an integral construction area.
In addition, when the casting time of the post-cast strip 300 is preferably selected to be low in air temperature, the casting cement or the concrete mixed with trace aluminum powder in the cement can be used, the strength grade of the casting cement or the concrete mixed with trace aluminum powder in the cement is higher than that of the member by one grade, cracks between the new concrete and the old concrete are prevented, weak parts are prevented from being formed, and the stability of the post-cast strip 300 is improved.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S5, the post-cast strip 300 is disposed around the material stacking area and around the processing area, respectively, and the material stacking area and the processing area are separated, so that the stacking of the raw materials and the processing in the processing area can be performed simultaneously during the construction, thereby improving the construction efficiency.
Wherein, the processing area comprises a steel bar processing field, and the steel bars are processed by the steel bar processing field. In addition, the steel bar processing field can be moved according to the requirements of the field, so that the construction cost is reduced, and the transportation cost of the processed material is reduced.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step S6, the flat section 100 construction includes leveling a base surface, installing construction forms, leveling paving base surface concrete, base surface maintenance, and planning a construction zone.
First, the base surface is leveled, including removing weeds, rocks, and trees from the flat section 100, and the flat section 100 is leveled and compacted.
When the flat section 100 is cleaned, the pavement in the construction operation zone is compacted, so that the construction pavement is kept flat, the construction machine equipment is ensured to pass through, and the safety of construction operation is improved. Meanwhile, the softer foundation is treated, so that the bearing capacity and deformation requirements of the building foundation can be met. The method for treating the softer foundation can be any one of a pad replacement method, a dynamic compaction method, a cement-soil stirring method, a high-pressure injection grouting method and a lime-soil compaction pile method, and is used for improving the stability of the foundation.
In some embodiments of the invention, the bearing capacity of the foundation can be improved by a filling and bedding changing method, the settlement amount is reduced, the drainage and consolidation of a soft soil layer are accelerated, the frost heaving is prevented, and the swelling and shrinkage of expansive soil are eliminated.
And secondly, installing a construction template, and installing the construction template according to actual construction needs and a construction drawing. And meanwhile, after the construction template is installed, the base concrete is paved flatly, and the strength of the concrete can be set specifically according to actual conditions. When the concrete is laid, the base concrete is vibrated manually, air bubbles in the concrete are vibrated and discharged, and the strength of the base concrete is improved.
And then, after the base surface concrete is poured and molded, the base surface concrete is maintained for at least 7 days, so that the strength and the stability of the base surface concrete are improved.
Finally, construction zones, such as a material stacking zone, a working zone, and a post-cast strip 300, are planned on the flat section 100 according to construction drawings. The post-cast strip 300 is respectively arranged on the periphery of the material stacking area and the periphery of the processing area, the material stacking area and the processing area are separated through the post-cast strip 300, material stacking and processing of raw materials can be simultaneously carried out, and the processing efficiency is improved.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the construction of the flat section 100 further includes the construction of a garage body and the formation of a garage body structure in the flat section 100 in step S6.
The construction of the garage main body structure comprises the maintenance of a flat base surface, a prefabricated garage top plate and the main body structure.
It should be noted that in the process of prefabricating the garage roof, a construction drawing of the garage roof is drawn according to the construction area of the main structure of the garage, and a support frame is erected on a base plane of the garage according to the construction drawing; secondly, a beam bottom template is arranged on the support frame, and the beam bottom template is fixed on the support frame through a steel bar. And then installing the side template on the peripheral side of the support frame, and fixing the side template and the support frame. And finally, pouring concrete and forming a garage top plate.
After the construction of the garage main body structure of the flat section 100 is completed, the material stacking area and the processing area are transferred to a garage top plate of the garage main body structure, the site is emptied, and the raw material stacking and processing area structure construction is started to be alternated, so that the construction efficiency is improved.
As shown in fig. 2, in some embodiments of the present invention, the foundation construction includes base surface pretreatment, slope protection and base surface soil filling of the high-low span joint 200. Specifically, the base surface pretreatment comprises the steps of cleaning loose gravels on the high-low span joint part 200, leveling and compacting the high-low span joint part 200, cleaning and leveling stones, trees and structures which influence the same line of construction machines or construction operation, draining and leveling the low-lying land sections with accumulated water, and improving the safety in the high-span and low-span alternate construction process.
In addition, the slope toe of the base surface of the high-low span joint part 200 is protected by the anti-slide piles, and meanwhile, the middle part of the base surface is provided with the soil blocking plate, and the soil blocking plate and the anti-slide piles form a slope protecting structure, so that the slope stability of the high-low span joint part 200 is improved.
In order to enhance the overall stability of the base surface of the high-low span joint 200, the base surface is filled with soil to prevent the base surface from sinking due to factors such as natural climate.
Because the construction difficulty of the high-low span joint part 200 foundation is large, the foundation construction period is long, and after the straight sections at the two sides of the high-low span joint part 200 form effective flow construction, increased labor workers carry out foundation construction on the high-low span joint part. After the foundation construction of the high-low span joint part 200 is completed, the high-low span joint part 200 is segmented into two flowing water sections, namely a high span section and a ground span section, and flowing water construction is formed at the high-low span joint part 200, so that the construction efficiency is improved.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the work is performed by inserting the flat sections 100 into the high-low span joints 200, the material stacking and the processing transferred areas, and the flow process is performed. The construction period is greatly shortened, and the risk resistance in construction is improved.
In all examples shown and described herein, any particular value should be construed as merely exemplary, and not as a limitation, and thus other examples of example embodiments may have different values.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
The above examples are merely illustrative of several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for inserting construction of mountain group buildings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting narrow shallow mountain terrain, obtaining landform, and making an accurate construction terrain drawing;
s2, dividing the construction site into a plurality of flat sections, a plurality of high-low span joints and a plurality of post-cast strips on a drawing according to the basic elevation of the terrain;
s3, marking the elevation of each flat section, the elevation and the inclination angle of each high-low span joint part and the elevation of each post-cast strip on a drawing according to the actual proportion;
s4, optimizing the position of the post-cast strip, and respectively arranging the post-cast strip at the top and the bottom of the high-low span joint part;
s5, planning a material stacking area and a processing area on the flat section;
s6, constructing each flat section simultaneously, and forming flow construction on the flat sections at the two ends of the high-low span joint part;
s7, performing foundation construction on the high-low span joint part, and forming a high-span section and a low-span section on the high-low span joint part;
and S8, inserting construction is carried out on the high-low span joint part, the material stacking area, the processing area and the horizontal section.
2. The mountain colony building alternate construction method according to claim 1, wherein in step S4, the post-cast strip is arranged on the flat section, and the flat section and the high-low span joint are separated from each other by the post-cast strip.
3. The mountain colony building alternate construction method according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, post-cast belts are respectively disposed around the material stacking area and the processing area, and the material stacking area and the processing area are separated by the post-cast belts.
4. The mountain colony building alternate construction method according to claim 1, wherein the processing area comprises a reinforcing steel bar processing field in step S5.
5. The method for interspersed construction of mountain colony buildings according to claim 1, wherein the flat-zone construction comprises leveling a base surface, installing construction forms, leveling paving base surface concrete, base surface maintenance and planning construction zones in step S6.
6. The mountain colony building alternate construction method according to claim 5, wherein in step S6, the flat section construction further comprises construction of a garage main body, and a garage main body structure is formed in the flat section.
7. The mountain colony building insertion construction method as claimed in claim 6, wherein after the construction of the garage main body structure of the flat section is completed, the material stacking area and the processing area are transferred to a garage top plate of the garage main body structure, the site is emptied, and the insertion of the raw material stacking area and the structure construction of the processing area is started.
8. The mountain colony building alternate construction method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the garage main body structure construction comprises maintenance of a flat base surface, a prefabricated garage roof and a main body structure.
9. The mountain colony building alternate construction method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S7, the foundation construction comprises base surface pretreatment, slope protection and base surface soil filling of high-low span joints.
10. The mountain colony building interspersing construction method of claim 9, wherein the base surface pretreatment comprises base surface cleaning, base surface leveling, and base surface compacting.
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