CN113981679A - Blended fiber fabric composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Blended fiber fabric composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/83—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with metals; with metal-generating compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls; Reduction of metal compounds on textiles
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- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/18—Synthetic fibres consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
- D06M2101/16—Synthetic fibres, other than mineral fibres
- D06M2101/30—Synthetic polymers consisting of macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- D06M2200/35—Abrasion, pilling or fibrillation resistance
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- D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
- D06M2200/40—Reduced friction resistance, lubricant properties; Sizing compositions
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Abstract
The invention provides a blended fiber fabric composite material and a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of composite materials. The blended fiber fabric composite material provided by the invention comprises a polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric and silver nano-fillers dispersed on the polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric; the silver nanofiller is bonded to the polyetheretherketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric through polyetherimide; the silver nanofiller is a silver nanowire or silver nanoparticle. The blended fiber fabric composite material provided by the invention can continuously keep low friction coefficient and wear rate under extreme conditions such as (ultra) high-speed working condition, high-temperature working condition and the like, has excellent self-lubricating property and wear resistance, and widens the application prospect of the blended fiber fabric composite material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite materials, in particular to a blended fiber fabric composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The blended fiber fabric composite material can be widely applied to the self-lubricating bearing liner due to the advantages of various fibers, strong processability and strong bearing capacity. The fiber fabric self-lubricating liner material is used as an important component of the joint bearing, and the service life and the service behavior of the joint bearing are directly influenced by the tribological performance of the fiber fabric self-lubricating liner material. The self-lubricating fabric liner widely used in the market at present is formed by compounding a thin-layer fabric formed by blending polytetrafluoroethylene fibers, Nomex fibers, Kevlar fibers, polyimide fibers and the like and phenolic resin, and can simultaneously have the excellent lubricating effect of the polytetrafluoroethylene fibers and the good bearing capacity of high-performance fibers.
In recent years, with the rapid development of mechanical engineering equipment, the requirements on the use environment of the fiber fabric self-lubricating liner are more and more strict, and the fiber fabric liner material is required to keep a low friction coefficient which is stable for a long time under extreme conditions of high temperature, heavy load, high speed and the like. However, the traditional blended fiber fabric composite material is difficult to meet the lubrication requirement under extreme working conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a blended fiber fabric composite material, and a preparation method and application thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a blended fiber fabric composite material, which comprises a polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric and silver nano-fillers dispersed on the polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric; the silver nanofiller is bonded to the polyetheretherketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric through polyetherimide; the silver nanofiller is a silver nanowire or silver nanoparticle.
Preferably, the length of the silver nanowire is 5-15 μm; the specific surface area is 5-15 m2(ii)/g; the average diameter is 50 to 100 nm.
Preferably, the mass of the silver nanowires is 0.5-2.5% of the total mass of the blended fiber fabric composite material.
Preferably, the particle size of the silver nanoparticles is 0.5-1 μm; the specific surface area is 3-6 m2/g。
Preferably, the mass of the silver nanoparticles is 0.1-1% of the total mass of the blended fiber fabric composite material.
Preferably, the polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric is woven in a plain weave structure, and the areal density is 400-440 g/cm2。
The invention provides a preparation method of the blended fiber fabric composite material, which comprises the following steps:
mixing polyetherimide, N-dimethylformamide and silver nanowires to obtain impregnation liquid;
and (3) soaking the polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric in the soaking solution, and drying to obtain the blended fiber fabric composite material.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the polyetherimide to the N, N-dimethylformamide to the silver nanowires is (10-30): 75-80): 0.2-0.4.
The invention provides another preparation method of the blended fiber fabric composite material, which comprises the following steps:
mixing 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine, trihydroxymethyl aminomethane and water to obtain a dopamine aqueous solution;
soaking the polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric in the dopamine aqueous solution, taking out and drying to obtain a polydopamine-modified blended fiber fabric;
mixing the silver ammonia solution and polyvinylpyrrolidone to obtain a mixed solution;
mixing the polydopamine-modified blended fiber fabric with the mixed solution and a glucose solution, and carrying out reduction reaction to obtain a prepreg;
mixing polyetherimide and N, N-dimethylformamide to obtain an impregnation solution;
and (3) placing the prepreg in an impregnating solution, impregnating, and drying to obtain the blended fiber fabric composite material.
The invention provides an application of the blended fiber fabric composite material in the technical scheme or the blended fiber fabric composite material prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme in a self-lubricating material.
The invention provides a blended fiber fabric composite material, which comprises a polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric and silver nano-fillers dispersed on the polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric; the silver nanofiller is bonded to the polyetheretherketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric through polyetherimide; the silver nanofiller is a silver nanowire or silver nanoparticle. In the invention, the polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric has good self-lubricating property and wear resistance; the silver nanowires have excellent heat conduction performance, the blended fiber fabric composite material modified by the silver nanowires has excellent heat conduction capability, and meanwhile, the friction coefficient of the friction material can be reduced, and the wear resistance of the friction material is improved. According to the invention, the silver nanoparticles can increase the overall strength and the wear resistance of the blended fiber fabric composite material, the blended fiber fabric composite material modified by the silver nanoparticles can continuously realize low friction coefficient and low wear rate under a high-temperature working condition, and the application prospect of the blended fiber fabric composite material under an extreme working condition is greatly widened.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the surface topography of silver nanowires;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of an unmodified fiber;
fig. 3 is an SEM image of a fiber modified with silver nanoparticles.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a blended fiber fabric composite material, which comprises a polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric and silver nano-fillers dispersed on the polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric; the silver nanofiller is bonded to the polyetheretherketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric through polyetherimide; the silver nanofiller is a silver nanowire or silver nanoparticle.
The blended fiber fabric composite material provided by the invention comprises a polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric (PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric). In the invention, the polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric is preferably woven by PTFE fibers and polyether-ether-ketone fibers in a plain weave structure; the mass ratio of the PTFE fiber to the polyether-ether-ketone fiber is preferably (5-7): (3-5), and more preferably 3: 2. In the invention, the diameter of the polyether-ether-ketone fiber is preferably 50-55 μm; the diameter of the PTFE fiber is preferably 20-25 μm.
In the invention, the preferred areal density of the PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric is 400-440 g/cm2More preferably 420g/cm2。
In the invention, the polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) is a special engineering plastic with ultrahigh performance, has good fracture toughness and thermal stability, excellent wear resistance, chemical corrosion resistance, flame retardant property and the like, can be used for a long time at the temperature of 250 ℃, is prepared from the polyether-ether-ketone resin through high-temperature melt spinning, has the advantages of the PEEK resin and also has higher tensile strength and modulus. The molecular chains of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are easy to slip, so that the Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has the characteristics of low friction and excellent self-lubricating property. The PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric has good self-lubricating property and wear resistance.
As one technical scheme of the invention, the blended fiber fabric composite material provided by the invention comprises the components dispersed inAnd the silver nanowires are arranged on the polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric. In the invention, the mass of the silver nanowires is preferably 0.5-2.5% of the total mass of the blended fiber fabric composite material, and more preferably 1-2%. In the invention, the length of the silver nanowire is preferably 5-15 μm, and more preferably 10-14 μm; the specific surface area is preferably 5-15 m2A/g, more preferably 10m2(ii)/g; the average diameter is preferably 50 to 100nm, and more preferably 80 nm.
In the invention, the silver nanowires are bonded to the polyetheretherketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric by polyetherimide. In the invention, the mass of the polyetherimide is preferably 5-40% of the total mass of the blended fiber fabric composite material, and more preferably 20-40%.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the blended fiber fabric composite material, which comprises the following steps:
mixing polyetherimide, N-dimethylformamide and silver nanowires to obtain impregnation liquid;
and (3) soaking the polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric in the soaking solution, and drying to obtain the blended fiber fabric composite material.
The preparation method comprises the steps of mixing Polyetherimide (PEI), N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) and silver nanowires to obtain an impregnation solution. In the invention, the mass ratio of the PEI, the DMF and the silver nanowire is preferably (10-30): (75-80): 0.2-0.4), and more preferably 20-25: 75: 0.3. In the invention, the mixing is preferably carried out under the condition of stirring, and the stirring speed is preferably 1000-1500 rpm, more preferably 1200-1400 rpm; the stirring time is preferably 2-3 h, and more preferably 2.5 h.
After the impregnation liquid is obtained, the polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric is placed in the impregnation liquid for impregnation, and the blended fiber fabric composite material is obtained after drying. In the present invention, the temperature of the impregnation is preferably room temperature. In the present invention, the time for each impregnation is preferably 15 min. In the invention, the drying temperature is preferably 90-110 ℃, and more preferably 100 ℃; the time is preferably 2 h. In the present invention, the drying is preferably performed in a vacuum oven. In the invention, the dried fabric is preferably subjected to repeated dipping and drying processes to obtain the blended fiber fabric composite material. In the invention, the repeated times of the dipping and drying processes are preferably 2-5 times.
In the invention, the mass of the polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric is preferably 60-90% of the total mass of the blended fiber fabric composite material, and more preferably 70-80%.
In the invention, the polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric preferably further comprises pretreatment before impregnation. In the present invention, the method of pretreatment preferably comprises: sequentially washing the polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric with petroleum ether, washing with acetone-ethanol and drying. In the present invention, the petroleum ether washing is preferably performed under ultrasonic conditions; the time for washing with petroleum ether is preferably 25-35 min, and more preferably 30 min. In the invention, the petroleum ether is preferably washed, dried and then washed by acetone-ethanol. In the invention, the cleaning solution used for acetone-ethanol washing is a mixed solution of acetone and ethanol; the volume ratio of acetone to ethanol in the cleaning solution is preferably (1-3): (1-2); the time for washing with acetone-ethanol is preferably 25-35 min, and more preferably 30 min. In the invention, the drying temperature is preferably 50-80 ℃, and more preferably 60-75 ℃; the drying time is preferably 1-3 hours, and more preferably 1.5-2 hours. The invention can remove the sizing material and the oiling agent which are stuck on the fiber in the spinning process of the polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric through pretreatment.
As another technical scheme, the blended fiber fabric composite material provided by the invention comprises silver nanoparticles dispersed on the polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric. In the invention, the mass of the silver nanoparticles is preferably 0.1-1% of the total mass of the blended fiber fabric composite material, and more preferably 0.3-0.8%. In the invention, the particle size of the silver nanoparticles is preferably 0.5-1 μm, and more preferably 0.7-0.9 μm; the specific surface area is preferably 3-6 m2(iv)/g, more preferably 4m2/g。
In the present invention, the silver nanoparticles are bonded to the polyetheretherketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric by polyetherimide, and more preferably, to the polyetheretherketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric by polyetherimide and polydopamine. In the invention, the mass of the polyetherimide is preferably 10-30% of the total mass of the blended fiber fabric composite material, and more preferably 20%.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the blended fiber fabric composite material, which comprises the following steps:
mixing 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine, trihydroxymethyl aminomethane and water to obtain a dopamine aqueous solution;
soaking the polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric in the dopamine aqueous solution, taking out and drying to obtain a polydopamine-modified blended fiber fabric;
mixing the silver ammonia solution and polyvinylpyrrolidone to obtain a mixed solution;
mixing the polydopamine-modified blended fiber fabric with the mixed solution and a glucose solution, and carrying out reduction reaction to obtain a prepreg;
mixing polyetherimide and N, N-dimethylformamide to obtain an impregnation solution;
and (3) placing the prepreg in an impregnating solution, impregnating, and drying to obtain the blended fiber fabric composite material.
In the invention, silver is used as a soft metal and has excellent lubricating property at high temperature, but the nano silver powder or the silver nano sheets are difficult to uniformly disperse into the adhesive, the polydopamine is utilized to modify the surface of the fiber and generate chelation with silver ions, and then the reduction reaction is carried out to generate silver nano particles in situ on the surface of the blended fiber fabric and attach the silver nano particles to the surface of the fiber, so that the roughness of the surface of the blended fiber fabric is increased, the interface interaction between the blended fiber fabric and polyetherimide is stronger, the problem of silver dispersion is solved, and the integral strength and the wear resistance of the fiber fabric are increased. The PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric subjected to in-situ modification on the surface of the silver nanoparticles can continuously realize low friction coefficient and wear rate under a high-temperature working condition, and the application prospect of the fiber fabric self-lubricating composite material at high temperature is greatly widened.
The invention mixes 3, 4-dihydroxy phenethylamine, trihydroxymethyl aminomethane and water to obtain dopamine aqueous solution. In the invention, the mass ratio of the 3, 4-dihydroxyphenethylamine to the tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane is preferably (0.5-1.5): (0.3-0.7), and more preferably 1: 0.6. In the invention, the mass ratio of the 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine to the water is preferably 1: 300-1000, and more preferably 1: 500-1000.
After the dopamine aqueous solution is obtained, the polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric is soaked in the dopamine aqueous solution, taken out and dried to obtain the polydopamine modified blended fiber fabric. In the present invention, the soaking is preferably performed under stirring. In the present invention, the temperature of the soaking is preferably room temperature; the soaking time is preferably 12 h. In the soaking process, oxidation autopolymerization reaction of dopamine occurs to obtain polydopamine. In the invention, dopamine can form a strong covalent bond between the surfaces of the polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabrics in the self-polymerization process, the covalent bond can enable a polydopamine network to be attached to the surfaces of the polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabrics, silver ions in a silver-ammonia solution can form coordinate bonds with catechol groups in the polydopamine on the surfaces of the fibers to be adsorbed on the surfaces of the fibers, and when a glucose solution serving as a reducing agent is added, the silver ions adsorbed on the surfaces of the fibers can be reduced into silver, so that silver nanoparticles are formed on the surfaces of the fibers in situ. The present invention utilizes the poly-dopamine to make silver more robust on fabrics.
According to the invention, preferably, after the soaking, the obtained fabric is washed with water. In the present invention, the water washing is preferably distilled water washing. In the present invention, the temperature of the drying is preferably 50 ℃; the drying time is preferably 12 h. In the present invention, the drying is preferably performed in a vacuum drying oven.
In the invention, the polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric preferably further comprises pretreatment before soaking. In the present invention, the method of pretreatment preferably comprises: sequentially washing the polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric with petroleum ether, acetone-ethanol, water and drying. In the present invention, the petroleum ether washing is preferably performed under ultrasonic conditions; the time for the petroleum ether washing is preferably 1 h. In the invention, the petroleum ether is preferably washed, dried and then washed by acetone-ethanol. In the invention, the cleaning solution used for acetone-ethanol washing is a mixed solution of acetone and ethanol; the volume ratio of acetone to ethanol in the cleaning solution is preferably 3: 1; the time for the acetone-ethanol washing is preferably 1 h. In the present invention, the water washing is preferably an ultra-pure water washing; the washing mode is preferably boiling; the time of the water washing is preferably 20 min. In the present invention, the temperature of the drying is preferably 120 ℃; the drying time is preferably 1 h. In the present invention, the drying is preferably performed in a forced air drying oven. The invention can remove the sizing material and the oiling agent which are stuck on the fiber in the spinning process of the polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric through pretreatment.
In the present invention, the size of the polyetheretherketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric is preferably 30mm × 30 mm.
The silver-ammonia solution and the polyvinylpyrrolidone are mixed to obtain a mixed solution. In the present invention, the method for preparing the silver ammonia solution preferably includes: dropwise adding concentrated ammonia water into the silver nitrate solution until the solution is clear, thereby obtaining the silver-ammonia solution. In the invention, the concentration of the silver nitrate solution is preferably 10-25 g/L, and more preferably 15-20 g/L; the volume of the silver nitrate solution is preferably 250 mL. In the present invention, the concentrated aqueous ammonia is preferably added dropwise. In the invention, the concentration of the concentrated ammonia water is preferably 25-28 wt%, and more preferably 26-27 wt%. In the process of dropwise adding the strong ammonia water, the solution is changed from turbid to clear and transparent.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the silver ammonia solution to the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is preferably (98-100): (1-2), and more preferably 99: 1. In the present invention, the mixing of the silver ammonia solution and polyvinylpyrrolidone is preferably performed under stirring conditions, and more preferably, magnetic stirring. In the present invention, the mixing time is preferably 10 min. In the present invention, PVP is used as a dispersant to improve the uniformity of the electroless silver coating.
After the polydopamine modified blended fiber fabric and the mixed solution are obtained, the polydopamine modified blended fiber fabric, the mixed solution and the glucose solution are mixed for reduction reaction to obtain the prepreg. In the present invention, the mixing preferably comprises: and (3) placing the polydopamine modified blended fiber fabric into the mixed solution for first mixing, and then adding a glucose solution for second mixing. In the present invention, the first mixing is preferably performed under stirring conditions, more preferably magnetic stirring; the time of the first mixing is preferably 30 min. In the invention, the concentration of the glucose solution is preferably 20-50 g/L, and more preferably 30-40 g/L. In the present invention, the second mixing is preferably performed under stirring conditions, more preferably magnetic stirring; the time of the second mixing is preferably 30 min; the second mixing temperature is preferably 25-60 ℃, and more preferably 30-50 ℃. According to the invention, the reduction reaction is carried out in the second mixing process, namely the time of the reduction reaction is preferably 30 min; the temperature of the reduction reaction is preferably 25-60 ℃, and more preferably 30-50 ℃.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the dopamine modified blended fiber fabric to the mixed solution is preferably 1: 90; the mass ratio of the mixed solution to the glucose solution is preferably 1: 1.
In the present invention, it is preferable that after the mixing, the resultant fabric is washed with water and dried in this order. In the present invention, the water washing is preferably distilled water washing. In the present invention, the temperature of the drying is preferably 120 ℃; the drying time is preferably 12 h.
In the invention, the prepreg is PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric with silver nanoparticle modified surface.
The polyether imide and the N, N-dimethylformamide are mixed to obtain an impregnation solution. In the present invention, the mass content of the polyetherimide in the impregnation liquid is preferably 15 to 30%, and more preferably 20%.
After the prepreg and the impregnating solution are obtained, the prepreg is placed in the impregnating solution to be impregnated and dried to obtain the blended fiber fabric composite material. In the present invention, the impregnation is preferably performed under room temperature conditions. In the present invention, the time for each impregnation is preferably 15 min. In the invention, the drying temperature is preferably 90-110 ℃, and more preferably 100 ℃; the time is preferably 1 h. In the present invention, the drying is preferably performed in a vacuum oven. In the invention, the dried fabric is preferably subjected to repeated dipping and drying processes to obtain the blended fiber fabric composite material. In the invention, the repeated times of the dipping and drying processes are preferably 2-5 times. In the invention, the mass of the polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric is preferably 60-90% of the total mass of the blended fiber fabric composite material, and more preferably 65-80%.
The invention also provides the application of the blended fiber fabric composite material in the technical scheme or the blended fiber fabric composite material prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme in a self-lubricating material. In the invention, the blended fiber fabric composite material is preferably applied to a self-lubricating material as a self-lubricating coating, and is more preferably used as a bearing self-lubricating bushing. In the specific embodiment of the invention, the blended fiber fabric composite material is adhered to the surface of a bearing through phenolic resin to be used as a self-lubricating bushing of the bearing. In the invention, the thickness of the blended fiber fabric composite material is preferably 0.4-0.7 mm, and more preferably 0.6 mm.
In the invention, when the modified material of the blended fiber fabric composite material is the silver nanowire, a self-lubricating material suitable for (ultra) high-speed working conditions is preferably selected; the speed of the (ultra) high speed regime is preferably 30 m/s. In the invention, when the modified material of the blended fiber fabric composite material is silver nanoparticles, a self-lubricating material suitable for high-temperature working conditions is preferably selected; the temperature of the high-temperature working condition is preferably 200 ℃.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The following examples and comparative examples employ the starting materials:
PEEK-PTFE blend fiber fabric: provided by the research institute of textile science in Shaanxi province; the surface density is 420g/cm2；
PTFE fiber: changzhou Wancapacity New Material science and technology, Inc.;
PEEK fiber: changzhou creative new materials science and technology Limited;
polyetherimide (PEI): the institute of synthetic resin of Shanghai city;
silver nanowires: silver nanowires of Beijing Deke island gold technologies, Inc., as shown in FIG. 1, have an average length of 14 μm; the specific surface area is preferably 10m2(ii)/g; the average diameter is 80 nm;
n, N-Dimethylformamide (DMF): rianlong Bohua (Tianjin) pharmaceutical chemistry, Inc.;
petroleum ether: rianlong Bohua (Tianjin) pharmaceutical chemistry, Inc.;
phenolic resin: the phenolic resin adhesive of the iron anchor plate 204 produced by Shanghai New photo-chemical company Limited is adopted.
3, 4-dihydroxyphenethylamine: saen chemical technology (shanghai) ltd;
tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane: saen chemical technology (shanghai) ltd;
silver nitrate: chemical agents of the national drug group, ltd;
concentrated ammonia water: the mass concentration of the chemical reagent of the national medicine group is 25-28%;
glucose: dextrose monohydrate from Dourbaton Chemicals, Inc. was used.
Example 1
And (3) putting the PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric into petroleum ether for ultrasonic cleaning for 35min, and after drying, putting acetone: ultrasonically cleaning the mixed solution with the volume ratio of ethanol being 3:2 for 35min, taking out the mixed solution, and drying the mixed solution at 80 ℃ for 1h to obtain the pretreated PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric;
mixing PEI, DMF and silver nanowires according to a mass ratio of 30:80:0.4, and magnetically stirring at a speed of 1500rpm for 3 hours to obtain an impregnation solution; and (3) soaking the pretreated PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric in the soaking solution, drying in a vacuum oven at 110 ℃, and repeating the operations of soaking and drying until the mass of the PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric accounts for 60% of the total mass of the composite material to obtain the blended fiber fabric composite material.
Example 2
And (3) putting the PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric into petroleum ether for ultrasonic cleaning for 25min, and after drying, putting acetone: ultrasonically cleaning the mixed solution with the volume ratio of ethanol being 3:2 for 25min, taking out the mixed solution, and drying the mixed solution at 50 ℃ for 2h to obtain the pretreated PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric;
mixing PEI, DMF and silver nanowires according to a mass ratio of 10:80:0.2, and magnetically stirring at a speed of 1000rpm for 2 hours to obtain an impregnation solution; and (3) soaking the pretreated PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric in the soaking solution, drying in a vacuum oven at 90 ℃, and repeating the operations of soaking and drying until the mass of the PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric accounts for 90% of the total mass of the composite material to obtain the blended fiber fabric composite material.
Example 3
And (3) putting the PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric into petroleum ether for ultrasonic cleaning for 30min, and after drying, putting acetone: ultrasonically cleaning the mixed solution with the volume ratio of 2:1 of ethanol for 35min, taking out the mixed solution, and drying the mixed solution at the temperature of 75 ℃ for 1.5h to obtain the pretreated PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric;
mixing PEI, DMF and silver nanowires according to a mass ratio of 20:75:0.3, and magnetically stirring at a speed of 1200rpm for 2.5 hours to obtain an impregnation solution; and (3) soaking the pretreated PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric in the soaking solution, drying in a vacuum oven at 100 ℃, and repeating the operations of soaking and drying until the mass of the PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric accounts for 70% of the total mass of the composite material to obtain the blended fiber fabric composite material.
Example 4
And (3) putting the PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric into petroleum ether for ultrasonic cleaning for 25min, and after drying, putting acetone: ultrasonically cleaning the mixed solution with the volume ratio of ethanol being 3:2 for 30min, taking out the mixed solution, and drying the mixed solution at 60 ℃ for 3h to obtain the pretreated PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric;
mixing PEI, DMF and silver nanowires according to a mass ratio of 30:80:0.3, and magnetically stirring at 1400rpm for 2 hours to obtain an impregnation solution; and (3) soaking the pretreated PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric in the soaking solution, drying in a vacuum oven at 90 ℃, and repeating the operations of soaking and drying until the mass of the PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric accounts for 80% of the total mass of the composite material to obtain the blended fiber fabric composite material.
Comparative example 1
Substantially the same as example 2, except that the mass ratio of PEI, DMF and silver nanowires was adjusted from "10: 80: 0.2" to "10.2: 80: 0", i.e., no silver nanowires were added.
Test example 1
Bonding the blended fiber fabric composite materials of examples 1-4 and comparative example 1 to GCr15 stainless steel for friction test by using phenolic resin, and curing to obtain a friction block for test; the curing procedure was: 0.3MPa, heating to 180 ℃ by a program of 10 ℃/min and then preserving heat for 3 h. The test conditions were: the friction testing machine is an ultra-high-speed modular friction testing machine, the contact mode is a pin disc type, a friction block for testing is in butt-grinding with GCr15 stainless steel, the load is 0.2MPa (100N), the speed is 30m/s, the running time is 2h, and the temperature is room temperature. The friction coefficient is the average value of 3-5 tests. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Friction and wear Properties of the blended fiber fabric composites of examples 1-4 and comparative example 1
| Item | Coefficient of friction | Wear rate/10-12m3·N-1·m-1 |
| Example 1 | 0.114 | 5.6 |
| Example 2 | 0.089 | 1.1 |
| Example 3 | 0.101 | 4.2 |
| Example 4 | 0.120 | 8.3 |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.135 | 14.3 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the silver nanowires can improve the tribological performance of the composite material under the condition of ultra-high speed, and the improvement degrees of the tribological performance of the silver nanowires with different contents are different.
Example 5
Cutting 30mm PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric with scissors, ultrasonic cleaning in petroleum ether for 1h, oven drying, and adding VAcetone (II)：VEthanolUltrasonically cleaning for 1h in a mixed solvent of which the ratio is 3:1, boiling in ultrapure water for 20min, and drying in an air-blast drying oven at the temperature of 120 ℃ for 1h to obtain a pretreated PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric;
0.30g of 3, 4-dihydroxyphenethylamine and 0.18g of tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane were taken in a beaker, and 300mL of ultrapure water was added thereto to sufficiently dissolve the same, thereby obtaining an aqueous dopamine solution.
Putting the pretreated PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric into a dopamine aqueous solution, and magnetically stirring and reacting for 12 hours at room temperature; after the reaction is finished, taking out the fiber fabric, repeatedly washing the fiber fabric with distilled water, and then placing the fiber fabric in a vacuum drying oven at 50 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the polydopamine-modified blended fiber fabric;
preparing 250mL of 10g/L silver nitrate solution, dropwise adding concentrated ammonia water into the silver nitrate solution until the solution becomes transparent from turbid, adding 1.0g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) into the transparent solution, and then magnetically stirring for 10min to completely dissolve the PVP to obtain a mixed solution.
Putting the polydopamine-modified blended fiber fabric into the mixed solution, magnetically stirring for 30min, then adding 250mL of 20g/L glucose solution, magnetically stirring for 30min, taking out the fabric, repeatedly washing the surface of the fabric with distilled water, and then drying in a 120 ℃ oven for 12h to obtain a PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric prepreg modified by silver nanoparticles;
preparing a PEI solution with the solid content of 30 wt% by using DMF (dimethyl formamide), then soaking the prepreg in the PEI solution, taking out the fabric, transferring the fabric into a blast oven at 100 ℃ for drying for 1h, and repeating the soaking and drying processes until the mass of the PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric accounts for 80% of the total mass of the composite material to obtain the blended fiber fabric composite material.
Example 6
Cutting 30mm PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric with scissors, ultrasonic cleaning in petroleum ether for 1h, oven drying, and adding VAcetone (II)：VEthanolUltrasonically cleaning for 1h in a mixed solvent of which the ratio is 3:1, boiling in ultrapure water for 20min, and drying in an air-blast drying oven at the temperature of 120 ℃ for 1h to obtain a pretreated PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric;
0.6g of 3, 4-dihydroxyphenethylamine and 0.36g of tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane were taken in a beaker, and 300mL of ultrapure water was added thereto to sufficiently dissolve the same, thereby obtaining an aqueous dopamine solution.
Putting the pretreated PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric into a dopamine aqueous solution, and magnetically stirring and reacting for 12 hours at room temperature; after the reaction is finished, taking out the fiber fabric, repeatedly washing the fiber fabric with distilled water, and then placing the fiber fabric in a vacuum drying oven at 50 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the polydopamine-modified blended fiber fabric;
preparing 250mL of 15g/L silver nitrate solution, dropwise adding concentrated ammonia water into the silver nitrate solution until the solution becomes transparent from turbid, adding 1.25g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) into the transparent solution, and then magnetically stirring for 10min to completely dissolve the PVP to obtain a mixed solution.
Putting the polydopamine-modified blended fiber fabric into the mixed solution, magnetically stirring for 30min, then adding 250mL of 30g/L glucose solution, magnetically stirring for 30min, taking out the fabric, repeatedly washing the surface of the fabric with distilled water, and then drying in a 120 ℃ oven for 12h to obtain a PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric prepreg modified by silver nanoparticles;
preparing a PEI solution with the solid content of 20 wt% by using DMF (dimethyl formamide), then soaking the prepreg in the PEI solution, taking out the fabric, transferring the fabric into a blast oven at 100 ℃ for drying for 1h, and repeating the soaking and drying processes until the mass of the PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric accounts for 75% of the total mass of the composite material to obtain the blended fiber fabric composite material.
Example 7
Cutting 30mm PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric with scissors, ultrasonic cleaning in petroleum ether for 1h, oven drying, and adding VAcetone (II)：VEthanolUltrasonically cleaning for 1h in a mixed solvent of which the ratio is 3:1, boiling in ultrapure water for 20min, and drying in an air-blast drying oven at the temperature of 120 ℃ for 1h to obtain a pretreated PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric;
0.9g of 3, 4-dihydroxyphenethylamine and 0.45g of tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane were taken in a beaker, and 300mL of ultrapure water was added thereto to sufficiently dissolve the same, thereby obtaining an aqueous dopamine solution.
Putting the pretreated PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric into a dopamine aqueous solution, and magnetically stirring and reacting for 12 hours at room temperature; after the reaction is finished, taking out the fiber fabric, repeatedly washing the fiber fabric with distilled water, and then placing the fiber fabric in a vacuum drying oven at 50 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the polydopamine-modified blended fiber fabric;
preparing 250mL of 20g/L silver nitrate solution, dropwise adding concentrated ammonia water into the silver nitrate solution until the solution becomes transparent from turbid, adding 1.25g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) into the transparent solution, and then magnetically stirring for 10min to completely dissolve the PVP to obtain a mixed solution.
Putting the polydopamine-modified blended fiber fabric into the mixed solution, magnetically stirring for 30min, then adding 250mL of 40g/L glucose solution, magnetically stirring for 30min, taking out the fabric, repeatedly washing the surface of the fabric with distilled water, and then drying in a 120 ℃ oven for 12h to obtain a PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric prepreg modified by silver nanoparticles;
preparing a PEI solution with the solid content of 20 wt% by using DMF (dimethyl formamide), then soaking the prepreg in the PEI solution, taking out the fabric, transferring the fabric into a blast oven at 100 ℃ for drying for 1h, and repeating the soaking and drying processes until the mass of the PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric accounts for 70% of the total mass of the composite material to obtain the blended fiber fabric composite material.
Example 8
Cutting 30mm PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric with scissors, ultrasonic cleaning in petroleum ether for 1h, oven drying, and adding VAcetone (II)：VEthanolUltrasonically cleaning for 1h in a mixed solvent of which the ratio is 3:1, boiling in ultrapure water for 20min, and drying in an air-blast drying oven at the temperature of 120 ℃ for 1h to obtain a pretreated PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric;
1.2g of 3, 4-dihydroxyphenethylamine and 0.72g of tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane were put in a beaker, and 300mL of ultrapure water was added thereto to dissolve them sufficiently, thereby obtaining an aqueous dopamine solution.
Putting the pretreated PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric into a dopamine aqueous solution, and magnetically stirring and reacting for 12 hours at room temperature; after the reaction is finished, taking out the fiber fabric, repeatedly washing the fiber fabric with distilled water, and then placing the fiber fabric in a vacuum drying oven at 50 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the polydopamine-modified blended fiber fabric;
preparing 250mL of 25g/L silver nitrate solution, dropwise adding concentrated ammonia water into the silver nitrate solution until the solution becomes transparent from turbid, adding 1.5g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) into the transparent solution, and then magnetically stirring for 10min to completely dissolve the PVP to obtain a mixed solution.
Putting the polydopamine-modified blended fiber fabric into the mixed solution, magnetically stirring for 30min, then adding 250mL of glucose solution with the concentration of 50g/L, magnetically stirring for 30min, taking out the fabric, repeatedly washing the surface of the fiber fabric with distilled water, and then drying in a 120 ℃ oven for 12h to obtain a PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric prepreg modified by silver nanoparticles;
preparing a PEI solution with the solid content of 20 wt% by using DMF (dimethyl formamide), then soaking the prepreg in the PEI solution, taking out the fabric, transferring the fabric into a blast oven at 100 ℃ for drying for 1h, and repeating the soaking and drying processes until the mass of the PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric accounts for 65% of the total mass of the composite material to obtain the blended fiber fabric composite material.
Comparative example 2
Cutting 30mm PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric with scissors, ultrasonic cleaning in petroleum ether for 1h, oven drying, and adding VAcetone (II)：VEthanolUltrasonically cleaning for 1h in a mixed solvent of which the ratio is 3:1, boiling in ultrapure water for 20min, and drying in an air-blast drying oven at the temperature of 120 ℃ for 1h to obtain a pretreated PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric;
0.6g of 3, 4-dihydroxyphenethylamine and 0.36g of tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane were taken in a beaker, and 300mL of ultrapure water was added thereto to sufficiently dissolve the same, thereby obtaining an aqueous dopamine solution.
Putting the pretreated PEEK-PTFE blended fiber fabric into a dopamine aqueous solution, and magnetically stirring and reacting for 12 hours at room temperature; after the reaction is finished, taking out the fiber fabric, repeatedly washing the fiber fabric with distilled water, and then placing the fiber fabric in a vacuum drying oven at 50 ℃ for 12 hours to obtain the polydopamine-modified blended fiber fabric;
preparing a PEI solution with the solid content of 30 wt% by using DMF, then soaking the polydopamine modified blend fiber fabric in the PEI solution, taking out the fabric, moving the fabric into a blast oven at 100 ℃ for drying for 1h, and repeating the soaking and drying processes until the mass of the PEEK-PTFE blend fiber fabric accounts for 75% of the total mass of the composite material, thereby obtaining the blend fiber fabric composite material.
Test example 2
Fig. 2 is an unmodified fiber, in which (a) of fig. 2 is a PTFE fiber and (b) of fig. 2 is a PEEK fiber. Fig. 3 is a fiber modified with silver nanoparticles, in which (a) of fig. 3 is a silver-modified PTFE fiber and (b) of fig. 3 is a silver-modified PEEK fiber. As can be seen from the comparison of FIGS. 2-3, the surface roughness of the fiber modified by the silver nanoparticles is increased, which can improve the interface bonding strength between the fiber and the polyetherimide.
Test example 3
And adhering the blended fiber fabric composite materials prepared in the examples 5-8 and the comparative example 2 to a disc prepared from 45# steel by using phenolic resin, applying a pressure of 0.1MPa, and keeping the temperature at 150 ℃ for 5 hours for curing and forming to obtain the friction block for testing.
The friction and wear performance test of the friction block for test is carried out by using a CSEM-THT07-135 model ball disc type high-temperature friction and wear testing machine, the friction mode is ball-disc contact, and the test conditions of the characterization and analysis of the friction test are as follows: 5cm/s, 10N, 200 ℃, and 60min of test time for a GCr15 steel ball with the even diameter of 3.125 mm. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 Friction and wear Properties of the blended fiber fabric composites of examples 5-8 and comparative example 2
As can be seen from Table 2, the blended fiber fabric composite material prepared by the invention has excellent wear resistance and lower friction coefficient under the conditions of high temperature and heavy load, and the friction coefficient and the wear rate at high temperature are lower compared with the fabric of which the fiber surface is not modified by silver, which shows that the interface interaction force between the fiber and the adhesive can be remarkably increased by modifying silver nanoparticles on the fiber surface in situ, so that the wear is reduced, and the silver can play a remarkable lubricating effect at high temperature.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The blended fiber fabric composite material is characterized by comprising a polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric and silver nanofillers dispersed on the polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric; the silver nanofiller is bonded to the polyetheretherketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric through polyetherimide; the silver nanofiller is a silver nanowire or silver nanoparticle.
2. The blended fiber fabric composite material according to claim 1, wherein the silver nanowires are 5-15 μm long; the specific surface area is 5-15 m2(ii)/g; the average diameter is 50 to 100 nm.
3. The blended fiber fabric composite material according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mass of the silver nanowires is 0.5-2.5% of the total mass of the blended fiber fabric composite material.
4. The blended fiber fabric composite material according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the silver nanoparticles is 0.5-1 μm; the specific surface area is 3-6 m2/g。
5. The blended fiber fabric composite material according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the mass of the silver nanoparticles is 0.1-1% of the total mass of the blended fiber fabric composite material.
6. The blend of claim 1The composite material for the textile fiber fabric is characterized in that the polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended textile fiber fabric is woven by adopting a plain weave structure, and the areal density is 400-440 g/cm2。
7. A method of making the blended fiber fabric composite of claim 1, 2, 3, or 6, comprising the steps of:
mixing polyetherimide, N-dimethylformamide and silver nanowires to obtain impregnation liquid;
and (3) soaking the polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric in the soaking solution, and drying to obtain the blended fiber fabric composite material.
8. The preparation method according to claim 7, wherein the mass ratio of the polyetherimide to the N, N-dimethylformamide to the silver nanowires is (10-30): (75-80): (0.2-0.4).
9. A method of making the blended fiber fabric composite of claim 1, 4, 5 or 6, comprising the steps of:
mixing 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine, trihydroxymethyl aminomethane and water to obtain a dopamine aqueous solution;
soaking the polyether-ether-ketone-polytetrafluoroethylene blended fiber fabric in the dopamine aqueous solution, taking out and drying to obtain a polydopamine-modified blended fiber fabric;
mixing the silver ammonia solution and polyvinylpyrrolidone to obtain a mixed solution;
mixing the polydopamine-modified blended fiber fabric with the mixed solution and a glucose solution, and carrying out reduction reaction to obtain a prepreg;
mixing polyetherimide and N, N-dimethylformamide to obtain an impregnation solution;
and (3) placing the prepreg in an impregnating solution, impregnating, and drying to obtain the blended fiber fabric composite material.
10. Use of the blended fiber fabric composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the blended fiber fabric composite material prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 7 to 9 in a self-lubricating material.
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