CN113981313B - Iron-based alloy powder for laser cladding of outer surface of hydraulic support plunger - Google Patents

Iron-based alloy powder for laser cladding of outer surface of hydraulic support plunger Download PDF

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CN113981313B
CN113981313B CN202111220179.8A CN202111220179A CN113981313B CN 113981313 B CN113981313 B CN 113981313B CN 202111220179 A CN202111220179 A CN 202111220179A CN 113981313 B CN113981313 B CN 113981313B
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iron
alloy powder
hydraulic support
laser cladding
cladding layer
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CN113981313A (en
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黎文强
马宗彬
王宏生
姜万明
陈涛
王腾飞
韩光普
杨道峰
朱明坤
张亚南
祁圣凯
王笑生
韩辉辉
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Henan Meikeyuan Wear Resisting Technology Co ltd
Henan Aigang Mining Technology Co ltd
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Henan Meikeyuan Wear Resisting Technology Co ltd
Henan Aigang Mining Technology Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C30/00Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/005Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/48Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/52Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/54Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C45/00Amorphous alloys
    • C22C45/02Amorphous alloys with iron as the major constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23CCOATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of laser cladding surface modification, and particularly relates to iron-based alloy powder for laser cladding of the outer surface of a plunger of a hydraulic support. The alloy powder comprises the following chemical components: 3.0-6.0% of beryllium, 2.0-4.0% of neodymium, 0.08-0.12% of nitrogen, 1.5-3.5% of cobalt, 18.0-22.0% of chromium, 0.05-0.09% of carbon, 0.16-0.30% of molybdenum, 1.8-3.2% of boron, 1.0-2.2% of yttrium, 2.8-4.0% of nickel, 0.1-0.3% of silicon, 1.2-2.6% of niobium, 1.6-2.2% of titanium and the balance of iron. The cladding layer obtained by the invention has high hardness, various hard phases, uniform and compact tissue, no phenomena of pitting corrosion and the like, the matrix is slightly influenced by heat, the AASS salt spray test corrosion resistance time is longer than 3600h, and the service life of the hydraulic support plunger is effectively prolonged.

Description

Iron-based alloy powder for laser cladding of outer surface of hydraulic support plunger
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser cladding surface modification, and particularly relates to iron-based alloy powder for laser cladding of the outer surface of a plunger of a hydraulic support.
Background
The hydraulic support is the core equipment of the fully mechanized mining face of the coal mine, can safely and reliably support and control the whole stope face, isolate the mining area and effectively ensure the safe and smooth operation of mining work. In the working process, the plunger of the hydraulic support is easy to be impacted by splashed coal gangue to cause surface damage, the underground environment is humid and has high relative humidity, and a large amount of SO is existed2、H2S、Cl2And the corrosion of the outer surface of the movable column of the hydraulic support is accelerated by various corrosive media, so that the sealing effect of the movable column can be damaged, the problems of pressure loss, pressure relief and the like of an oil cylinder matched with the movable column of the hydraulic support are caused, the lifting force of the hydraulic support is reduced, the production efficiency is reduced, and the production safety is threatened. Due to the fact that the hydraulic support is large in size and high in purchasing cost, the hydraulic support has important significance for repairing the hydraulic support plunger which fails due to abrasion and corrosion under the background that the country advocates building of a resource-saving environment-friendly society and developing of circular economy.
The traditional hydraulic support stand column surface treatment technology mainly adopts an electroplating hard chromium process, although the repair method has low cost, easy operation and good surface quality, the thickness of a coating is limited, large-area peeling and bulging are easy to occur in the use process, the service life is short after repair, the repairable frequency is less, and chromium-containing waste water and waste gas are generated in the electroplating process, so that serious environmental pollution is caused, the health of an operator is harmed, and the national environmental protection policy is not met.
The laser cladding surface modification technology is a metal surface modification technology which is newly raised in recent years, and is characterized in that alloy powder and the surface of a workpiece substrate are melted and solidified into metallurgical bonding by utilizing high-energy laser beams to form a laser cladding layer with specific excellent performance, so that the effect of strengthening the substrate is achieved. At present, a lot of iron-based powder are adopted when the outer surface of a plunger of a hydraulic support is subjected to laser cladding, but because the iron-based powder is not properly matched, the defects of nonuniform structure, incompactness, air holes, cracks, easy pitting corrosion and the like of a cladding layer occur, so that the phenomena of poor corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the laser cladding layer and poor laser cladding strengthening effect of the outer surface of the plunger of the hydraulic support are caused.
Chinese patent CN108559996B provides a laser cladding repair method for the outer surface of a plunger of a hydraulic support (the application date is 3/7/2018), a method for forming chromium-rich carbide (such as Fe-Cr-C) is adopted, a compact passive film is easy to form, the laser cladding layer has better corrosion resistance, C mainly forms carbide with extremely high hardness with elements such as Ni, Cr and the like in alloy, and the hardness of the cladding layer is ensured, so that the use thickness of the cladding layer reaches 0.5-0.6mm, the macroscopic hardness reaches HRC45-55, the corrosion resistance time of an AASS salt spray test is longer than 2000h, and the comprehensive performance of laser cladding for the outer surface of the plunger of the hydraulic support is effectively improved. However, the patent has the following technical defects: the hardness of a cladding layer is improved only by means of formed chromium carbide (nickel and carbon cannot form nickel carbide), the hardness value is not high, the hard phase is few, the cladding layer cannot adapt to complex working conditions, and the cladding layer is not sufficient in protection against splashing coal gangue impact and scratching of an operating tool; secondly, the cladding layer is solidified in a short time, partial metallurgical reaction is incomplete, and the alloy of the cladding layer is uneven and not compact, so that the phenomena of pitting corrosion and the like are easy to occur; the cladding layer has large thickness, which inevitably causes large laser cladding heat input and large heat affected zone formed on the matrix, thus causing the mechanical property of the matrix to be reduced and reducing the service cycle of the whole hydraulic support plunger; fourthly, due to the aging phenomenon, the cladding layer is easy to generate the phenomena of bubbling of drum skin and the like; fifthly, the working period of the repaired hydraulic support plunger is not long enough, and the improvement of the production efficiency is limited.
How to solve the above problems is a critical need for the technicians in this field to work.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide iron-based alloy powder for laser cladding of the outer surface of a plunger of a hydraulic support, which solves the following technical problems: firstly, the hardness of a cladding layer is not high, and the variety of hard phases is less; secondly, the cladding layer is uneven and not compact; the heat affected zone on the matrix is large due to the large thickness of the cladding layer; fourthly, the cladding layer can not eliminate the aging phenomenon; the working cycle of the repaired hydraulic support plunger is short.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the iron-based alloy powder for laser cladding of the outer surface of the hydraulic support plunger comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 3.0-6.0% of beryllium, 2.0-4.0% of neodymium, 0.08-0.12% of nitrogen, 1.5-3.5% of cobalt, 18.0-22.0% of chromium, 0.05-0.09% of carbon, 0.16-0.30% of molybdenum, 1.8-3.2% of boron, 1.0-2.2% of yttrium, 2.8-4.0% of nickel, 0.1-0.3% of silicon, 1.2-2.6% of niobium, 1.6-2.2% of titanium and the balance of iron.
Further, the alloy powder comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 4.0-5.0% of beryllium, 2.5-3.5% of neodymium, 0.09-0.11% of nitrogen, 2.0-3.0% of cobalt, 19.0-21.0% of chromium, 0.06-0.08% of carbon, 0.20-0.26% of molybdenum, 2.0-3.0% of boron, 1.2-2.0% of yttrium, 3.0-3.8% of nickel, 0.15-0.25% of silicon, 1.5-2.3% of niobium, 1.8-2.0% of titanium and the balance of iron.
Further, the alloy powder comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 4.5% of beryllium, 3.0% of neodymium, 0.10% of nitrogen, 2.5% of cobalt, 20.0% of chromium, 0.07% of carbon, 0.23% of molybdenum, 2.5% of boron, 1.6% of yttrium, 3.4% of nickel, 0.2% of silicon, 1.9% of niobium, 1.9% of titanium and the balance of iron.
The grain size of the alloy powder is 80-120 μm, preferably 90-110 μm.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the cladding layer hardness is high and the stereoplasm looks kind is many, has effectively improved the wearability of cladding layer, has avoided the gangue striking that splashes and the bottom and then the poor problem of corrosion resistance that the fish tail of operation instrument caused. Firstly, in the laser cladding process, Fe is easily formed due to high cooling speed41Co7Cr15Mo14C15B6Y2The (atomic percent) iron-based amorphous/nanocrystalline (completely disordered/short-range ordered) and partial crystalline (long-range ordered) alloys have high hardness; the niobium nitride, titanium nitride, niobium carbide and titanium carbide which are generated not only refine crystal grains, but also lift off the hardness of the cladding layer; ③ beryllium and iron form intermetallic compound Be2Fe generates strong precipitation strengthening effect, and effectively improves the hardness of the cladding layer; tetra (Fe)41Co7Cr15Mo14C15B6Y2(atomic percent) Fe-based amorphous/nanocrystalline, niobium nitride, titanium nitride, niobium carbide, titanium carbide, intermetallic compound Be2Fe is dispersed in the cladding layer, hard phases are various and can adapt to different working conditions, and the integral hardness of the cladding layer is effectively improved by combining the hardness of the Fe and the hard phases.
2. The alloy of the cladding layer is uniform and compact, and the phenomena of pitting corrosion and the like can not occur. The method has the advantages that a small amount of nitrogen exists (experiments show that the percentage content of the nitrogen is 0.08-0.12%), the organization of the chromium-nickel-containing cladding layer is compact and firm, the generation tendency of defects such as looseness, air holes and the like is reduced, and the formed organization is uniform and compact, SO that SO can be effectively avoided in the environment with severe climate and various changes2、H2S、Cl2And the invasion of various corrosion media reduces the intercrystalline corrosion tendency and improves the corrosion resistance of the cladding layer alloy; ② due to the generation of Fe41Co7Cr15Mo14C15B6Y2(atomic percent) Fe-based amorphous/nanocrystalline (completely disordered/short range ordered) thisSubstances with extremely strong corrosion resistance reduce the existence of crystal boundary, and effectively enhance the corrosion resistance of the cladding layer; neodymium is a rare earth element, can effectively promote the homogenization of cladding alloy, avoids the phenomenon of nonuniform alloying caused by the enrichment or the deletion of elements in partial areas, is an element capable of effectively enhancing the compactness of the alloy, and can obviously improve the compactness of the cladding metal.
3. The cladding layer has strong corrosion resistance and extremely high hardness, so that the thickness of the cladding layer can be properly reduced, the heat source retention time is short, the heat affected zone on the matrix is small, and the damage to the comprehensive performance of the matrix is reduced.
4. Niobium and titanium elements capable of forming stable nitrides are added into the cladding layer alloy, niobium and titanium react with nitrogen to form niobium nitride and titanium nitride, crystal grains are refined, the aging phenomenon is eliminated, and the phenomenon of bulging and peeling under the action of stress after the cladding layer is used for a period of time is avoided.
5. The working period of the cladding layer is effectively improved. Experiments show that: firstly, the laser cladding layer obtained by the invention has no crack, no air hole, no surface bulge and no peeling, the thickness of the cladding layer is 0.38-0.45mm, the cladding layer is metallurgically combined with a substrate, the cladding layer is not easy to fall off, and the thickness of the cladding layer is smaller than that of a common cladding layer; secondly, the hardness value of the cladding layer is 63-65HRC, the wear resistance is good, although the thickness of the cladding layer is reduced, the surface damage caused by the collision of the splashed coal gangue can be effectively avoided due to the great improvement of the hardness value; due to the compact and uniform structure and the existence of amorphous alloy, although the thickness of the cladding layer is reduced, the corrosion resistance time of the AASS salt spray test is longer than 3600h, and the service cycle is prolonged.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, without restricting its scope to the specific embodiments.
Example 1:
the iron-based alloy powder for laser cladding of the outer surface of the hydraulic support plunger comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 3.0% of beryllium, 2.0% of neodymium, 0.08% of nitrogen, 1.5% of cobalt, 18.0% of chromium, 0.05% of carbon, 0.16% of molybdenum, 1.8% of boron, 1.0% of yttrium, 2.8% of nickel, 0.1% -0.3% of silicon, 1.2% of niobium, 1.6% of titanium and the balance of iron.
The grain diameter of the alloy powder is 80-120 μm.
Example 2:
the iron-based alloy powder for laser cladding of the outer surface of the hydraulic support plunger comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 6.0% of beryllium, 4.0% of neodymium, 0.12% of nitrogen, 3.5% of cobalt, 22.0% of chromium, 0.09% of carbon, 0.30% of molybdenum, 3.2% of boron, 2.2% of yttrium, 4.0% of nickel, 0.3% of silicon, 2.6% of niobium, 2.2% of titanium and the balance of iron.
The grain diameter of the alloy powder is 80-120 μm.
Example 3:
the iron-based alloy powder for laser cladding of the outer surface of the hydraulic support plunger comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 4.5% of beryllium, 3.0% of neodymium, 0.10% of nitrogen, 2.5% of cobalt, 20.0% of chromium, 0.07% of carbon, 0.23% of molybdenum, 2.5% of boron, 1.6% of yttrium, 3.4% of nickel, 0.2% of silicon, 1.9% of niobium, 1.9% of titanium and the balance of iron.
The grain diameter of the alloy powder is 80-120 μm.
Comparative example 1:
essentially the same as example 3, except that the chemical composition is absent of beryllium.
Comparative example 2:
essentially the same as example 3, except that there is no neodymium in the chemical composition.
Comparative example 3:
essentially the same as example 3, except that there is no nitrogen in the chemical composition.
Comparative example 4:
the same as example 3 except that the nitrogen content in the chemical composition was 0.13%.
Comparative example 5:
the same as example 3 except that the nitrogen content in the chemical composition was 0.07%.
Comparative example 6:
essentially the same as example 3, except that there is no cobalt in the chemical composition.
Comparative example 7:
essentially the same as example 3, except that no yttrium was present in the chemical composition.
Comparative example 8:
essentially the same as example 3, except that there is no molybdenum in the chemical composition.
Comparative example 9:
essentially the same as example 3, except that there is no boron in the chemical composition.
Comparative example 10:
essentially the same as example 3, except that no niobium was present in the chemical composition.
Comparative example 11:
essentially the same as example 3, except that there is no titanium in the chemical composition.
Carrying out laser cladding on the outer surface of the plunger of the hydraulic support by using the iron-based alloy powder obtained in the embodiment and the comparative example, wherein the laser power is 3.5kW-4.0kW, the laser cladding scanning speed is 280mm/min-320mm/min, the rectangular light spot size is 18mm multiplied by 1mm-24mm multiplied by 3mm, and the cladding thickness is 0.6mm-0.9mm, then carrying out rough turning processing, and grinding until the surface roughness R is reachedaLess than or equal to 0.32; the adopted protective gas is argon, and the flow is 4L/min-6L/min.
Examples and comparative examples 10 experiments were performed for each example and the average of 10 results were taken, wherein the degree of tissue homogeneity was characterized by means of SEM + EDS.
The results of the examples and comparative examples are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003312306030000041
The above tests show that the comparative examples 1 to 11 all change part of the technical characteristics of the invention, some have large hardness reduction, some have poor uniform and compact degree of the tissue, some have short AASS corrosion test time, and some have surface roughness RaHigh value, thin thickness, and Co, Mo, B and Y being absent7Cr15Mo14C15B6Y is amorphous. The technical characteristics of all parts of the invention are mutually supported and matched to achieve the beneficial effect of the invention.
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. The iron-based alloy powder for laser cladding of the outer surface of the hydraulic support plunger is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 3.0-6.0% of beryllium, 2.0-4.0% of neodymium, 0.08-0.12% of nitrogen, 1.5-3.5% of cobalt, 18.0-22.0% of chromium, 0.05-0.09% of carbon, 0.16-0.30% of molybdenum, 1.8-3.2% of boron, 1.0-2.2% of yttrium, 2.8-4.0% of nickel, 0.1-0.3% of silicon, 1.2-2.6% of niobium, 1.6-2.2% of titanium and the balance of iron.
2. The iron-based alloy powder for laser cladding of the outer surface of the hydraulic support plunger according to claim 1, wherein the alloy powder comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 4.0-5.0% of beryllium, 2.5-3.5% of neodymium, 0.09-0.11% of nitrogen, 2.0-3.0% of cobalt, 19.0-21.0% of chromium, 0.06-0.08% of carbon, 0.20-0.26% of molybdenum, 2.0-3.0% of boron, 1.2-2.0% of yttrium, 3.0-3.8% of nickel, 0.15-0.25% of silicon, 1.5-2.3% of niobium, 1.8-2.0% of titanium and the balance of iron.
3. The iron-based alloy powder for laser cladding of the outer surface of the hydraulic support plunger according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the alloy powder comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 4.5% of beryllium, 3.0% of neodymium, 0.10% of nitrogen, 2.5% of cobalt, 20.0% of chromium, 0.07% of carbon, 0.23% of molybdenum, 2.5% of boron, 1.6% of yttrium, 3.4% of nickel, 0.2% of silicon, 1.9% of niobium, 1.9% of titanium and the balance of iron.
4. The iron-based alloy powder for laser cladding of the outer surface of the hydraulic support plunger according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the alloy powder is 80-120 μm.
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