CN113980648B - Dust suppression material - Google Patents
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- CN113980648B CN113980648B CN202111387538.9A CN202111387538A CN113980648B CN 113980648 B CN113980648 B CN 113980648B CN 202111387538 A CN202111387538 A CN 202111387538A CN 113980648 B CN113980648 B CN 113980648B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/22—Materials not provided for elsewhere for dust-laying or dust-absorbing
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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Abstract
The dust suppression material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-90 parts of modified hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose with the weight average molecular weight of 20-50 ten thousand is used as a main dust suppression material, and 10-20 parts of modified starch. Including but not limited to dust suppression for yellow river bare substrate sludge, industrial tailings piles, sandy soil, clay, silt, and the like. In order to improve the visualization of the dust field, 350-450 parts of inorganic covering agent can be added into the component A for the purpose of coloring the dust field under the combined action of the inorganic covering agent and the component B. And the component B comprises the following components: inorganic color paste. And C, component: different kinds of herb seeds. The dust suppression material disclosed by the invention has an excellent dust suppression effect on slag, bare soil, sandy particles and the like, has the characteristic of being degradable over time, does not cause secondary pollution on bare bottom mud, and does not influence plant growth. By adopting the coloring measure, the distinguishing degree of the dust-raising field can be fully improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the fields of macromolecule chemistry, physics and environmental restoration, in particular to a dust suppression material.
Background
Atmospheric pollution, particularly particulate pollution in the atmospheric environment, is currently a major environmental pollution problem facing internationally, particularly china. Dust emission events frequently occur in autumn and winter and spring in northern areas of China, and unavoidable losses are caused to urban environments and health of people in most areas of China. In recent years, the dust emission event has a tendency of no season, and in most of the year, a large amount of PM10, PM2.5 and even particles with particle sizes far exceeding 10 microns are wrapped by strong wind from the north, spread to inland areas and coastal areas of China, and a large amount of dust is diffused in the whole atmosphere and the surface environment. The particulate matter pollution is dust pollution or haze, and mainly refers to that concentration values of inhalable particulate matters such as PM10, PM2.5 and the like in the environment exceed standards. In China, the environmental air quality standard (GB 3095-2012) has clear standards for PM10 and PM2.5 in the atmospheric environment: the first-order concentration limit value isPM10 average and 24 hour average amounts were 40 μg/m and 50 μg/m, PM2.5 average and 24 hour average amounts were 15 μg/m and 35 μg/m, the secondary concentration limit was PM10 average and 24 hour average amounts were 70 μg/m and 150 μg/m, PM2.5 average and 24 hour average amounts were 35 μg/m and 75 μg/m. However, most of the large and medium cities in China have difficulty in reaching the secondary standard in the index of air particles, and even more than 50% of days in the whole year are kept below the secondary level. Some cities even PM2.5 particle concentrations reach above 300 mug/m. The main reasons for the formation of a large amount of dust and haze weather are, besides particulate matters generated by industrial production and automobile exhaust, more importantly, bare soil from the northwest area after land degradation, waste residues of the industrial area and construction wastes of the construction area. In particular to sediment at the upstream of yellow river in northwest region and yellow sand of desertification of soil, which are main sources of sand storm every year. The bare soil and yellow sand can move downstream along with the water flow of the river, so that water and soil loss at the upstream and river congestion at the downstream are caused. Each year, the number of yellow river sediment cleaned in the upstream section of the yellow river in China is tens of millions of tons. The main component of the exposed substrate sludge is silicon dioxide, the content of which is about 70 percent, and the other components are aluminum oxide, ferric oxide, magnesium oxide, potassium oxide, rare elements and the like. The volume of the yellow river silt particles is large<0.15mm 2 . A large amount of sediment is deposited on the coast of the yellow river to cause the river channel to be narrow, and the river channel maintenance on the coast is greatly threatened.
In order to solve the problems of dust and haze, the method starts with various measures such as source control, non-point source pollution treatment, key monitoring and the like in China, and develops the treatment of dust and haze environments. In particular to urban dust, various measures such as instant sprinkling, covering of dust screen on the surface of a residue soil pile, using of dust suppression materials and the like are adopted, and certain effects are achieved. However, the problem of short timeliness exists in instant water spraying, and the problem is undoubtedly that water resources are wasted greatly in water-deficient cities. Although the dust-proof net has a certain dust-suppressing effect, the dust-proof net has the following fatal defects that the dust-proof net is easy to age and damage after being irradiated by solar ultraviolet rays, so that dust-proof failure is caused, the broken dust-proof net is similar to a dummy, and the dust-proof net is easy to scrape by strong wind and difficult to recover. Secondly, the dustproof net is waterproof, so that runoff is easy to generate once a soil pile of a material pile encounters rainwater, and landslide is caused. Thirdly, when the dust screen is aged and invalid, the secondary treatment is landfill, and secondary pollution is caused artificially. And the dust suppression material is a material for comprehensively preventing and treating dust, which is rising in recent years. Such materials are typically based on cementitious materials that form a hard shell layer on the surface where dust suppression is desired, thereby suppressing dust generation. In terms of classification, the dust suppression material mainly comprises inorganic cementing materials, high polymer materials and natural plant extraction materials. For example, patent CN202010538883.7 discloses a dust inhibitor for environmental protection, which alternately generates silicic acid gel by sodium silicate and calcium chloride solution, forms a layer of silicic acid gel film on the surface of dust in a humid environment, reinforces the dust to avoid dust, and can reduce the water loss of the dust by adding bentonite into the dust inhibitor, latch the water in the molecule for a long time and keep the dust surface moist, thereby realizing the function of inhibiting dust, improving the moisture retention and cohesiveness of the dust inhibitor, ensuring the humidity of the silicic acid gel layer formed on the dust surface, and improving the adhesive strength of the silicic acid gel layer formed on the dust surface, thereby not only effectively inhibiting dust flying, but also inhibiting dust flying for a long time. Patent CN201910477859.4 discloses a dust inhibitor composed of a silicone-modified acrylic emulsion, epoxy water-based siloxane, water-based fluorosilicone emulsion and water-soluble polymers, which not only has a good dust-settling effect, but also enables a layer of shell to be formed between dust particles, between dust particles and the soil surface. The dust inhibitor prepared by the invention can effectively avoid shell damage caused by volume change of water-soluble polymers, can effectively prevent soil moisture evaporation, and has better rain erosion resistance; a hydrophilic inner shell is formed between the outer shell and the soil body to play a role in water retention. The outer surface of the shell is hydrophobic, dust particles can be gathered into clusters or blocks by sprinkling water or by means of rainfall, the secondary dust emission can be restrained, and the original shell structure is not damaged. The patent CN 202010560507.8 discloses an ecological environment-friendly dust inhibitor which is prepared by uniformly mixing bentonite, sundew, green algae, soybean, wheat and rice sodium alginate into water according to scientific and reasonable proportion.
Although the dust suppression material in the market can effectively control specific dust sources at present, the dust suppression material mainly comprises inorganic gel materials and has the defect of hard surface after solidification and difficult rupture in terms of the composition of the dust suppression material, and the dust suppression material mainly comprises high polymer materials and other organic components such as amino groups and is easy to cause secondary pollution to the ground surface. Dust suppression materials prepared from natural plants, particularly grain extracts, also present economic problems due to concerns about grain sources. In addition, under the condition of effectively inhibiting dust, the current dust-raising inhibition material can harden soil or dregs in the area where dust-raising is implemented, so that plant seeds cannot germinate and grow, and normal vegetation cannot grow on the ground surface where dust suppression is implemented. Meanwhile, most of dust suppression materials can effectively suppress dust only when reaching a certain concentration, so how to control the cost is also a main problem of dust suppression. The national related departments also need to monitor aerial photographs of dust suppression areas regularly, most dust suppression materials belong to colorless substances, and effective dust control and identification measures are also a challenge for the dust suppression materials. In addition, the existing dust inhibitor used in the market at present is usually difficult to dissolve because the molecular weight of the used substances such as cellulose and the like is too large or the water-soluble groups are too much or too small, or the main substances of the dust inhibitor need to be polymerized in advance, so the dust inhibitor needs to be heated and dissolved in advance or reacted for a period of time to be prepared into a water agent with a certain concentration, and then the water agent is redispersed into water for spraying, so that the complexity of use is increased to a certain extent, the cost of transporting the water agent is greatly increased compared with the cost of transporting 100% of solid agent, the cost of the dust inhibitor is inevitably increased, and the use area of the dust inhibitor is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve the disadvantages of the dust suppression materials described above and to provide a dust suppression material having advantages in managing dust problems including, but not limited to, industrial slag, construction waste, yellow river bottom mud.
The dust suppression material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-90 parts of modified hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose with the weight average molecular weight of 20-50 ten thousand is used as a main dust suppression material, and 10-20 parts of modified starch is used as a component A.
The scheme is characterized in that the modified hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with the weight average molecular weight of 20-50 ten thousand is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with the methoxy value of 19.0-30.0% and the hydroxypropyl value of 4-12% in the molecular structure.
Also comprises 350-950 parts of inorganic covering agent. The inorganic covering agent is heavy calcium carbonate and/or calcium bentonite.
Also comprises inorganic color paste as component B. The inorganic color paste is ferric oxide inorganic color paste.
Also comprises drought-resistant herbaceous plant seeds as component C. The drought-resistant herb seed comprises one or more of Laiyaria, herba Saussureae Involueratae, mongolian herba Binder, radix Ilicis Pubescentis, herba Ardisiae Japonicae, herba Meliloti officinalis, herba Artemisiae Annuae, herba Caryopteridis Incanae, and herba Camellia sinensis.
When in use, the component A is firstly added into a container with a stirring device or a water circulating device, enough water is ensured in the container, and the stirring or the water circulating device is started. If the component A is adopted singly as the main material for suppressing dust, the component A without inorganic covering agent is adopted, and the use proportion is controlled to be 1.5 to 5 per mill of the weight of water. If the component B is used as dust suppression material, the component A containing the inorganic covering agent is added into a container with a stirring device or a water circulation device, and the proportion of the component A is controlled to be 8.5-10 per mill of the weight of water. After stirring or circulating uniformly, adding the component B, wherein the proportion of the component B is controlled to be 0.5-1.5 per mill of the weight of the water. If the component C is used as the functional dust control material, the component C can be added into the stirred or circulated water after the steps, and the mixed aqueous dispersion liquid can be sprayed on the dust suppression field. Or the component C can be independently dispersed in water and sprayed on a dust treatment field in advance, and then the uniformly mixed aqueous dispersion liquid is sprayed. The proportion of the component C is controlled to be 0.75-4 per mill of the weight of the water.
The invention not only can play roles of wetting, coagulation, bonding and the like on dust particles and has good dust reducing effect, but also can lead the dust particles to be connected with each other and the dust particles to be connected with the soil surface so as to form a layer of shell on the soil surface. More importantly, compared with the prior art, the dust inhibitor prepared by the invention adopts hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose with specific molecular weight, specific content of methoxy and hydroxypropyl to be matched with modified starch and an inorganic covering agent, the whole inhibitor has good water solubility and moderate viscosity, and can be dissolved by adding water on site in a dust-raising area. The dust inhibitor has certain flexibility and does not contain amino groups and other groups which are easy to pollute soil. In addition, the dust suppression material prepared by the invention has flexibility and degradable property, prevents hardening of the shell layer on the surface of the dust suppression area, is beneficial to plant growth, and is particularly suitable for dust suppression of sites with larger silt particles. Because visual pigment can be added, the dust suppression material provided by the invention has the advantage of high identification degree, and can be used for obviously distinguishing dust suppression areas from areas which are not subjected to dust suppression treatment.
Detailed Description
Example 1: the dust suppression material comprises the following components in parts by weight: and (3) a component A: 70 parts of modified hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (Shandong Fabry-Perot composite Co., ltd.) with a weight average molecular weight of 20 ten thousand and a methoxy value of 19% and a hydroxypropyl value of 6% as main dust suppression materials, 20 parts of modified starch (Ningbo Bai Siemens biotechnology Co., ltd.) and 900 parts of heavy calcium carbonate.
And the component B comprises the following components: the inorganic color paste is basf Dispers ferric oxide color paste and is green.
And C, component: herba Saussureae Involueratae, radix Ilicis Pubescentis, and herba Artemisiae Scopariae seed.
When in use, enough water is ensured in the container, and the stirring or water circulating device is started. Firstly, adding the component A into a container with a stirring device or a water circulating device, wherein the proportion of the component A is controlled to be 10 per mill of the weight of water. After stirring or circulating uniformly, adding the component B, wherein the proportion of the component B is controlled to be 1 per mill of the weight of the water. And (3) adding the component C into the stirred or circulated water, and spraying the mixed aqueous dispersion on a dust suppression field. Or the component C can be independently dispersed in water and sprayed on a dust treatment field in advance, and then the uniformly mixed aqueous dispersion liquid is sprayed. The proportion of the component C is controlled to be 3 per mill of the weight of the water. The dust suppression effect was evaluated by spraying 500 square dust suppression sites with the dust suppression agent aqueous dispersion prepared per ton.
Example 2: the dust suppression material comprises the following components in parts by weight: and (3) a component A: 90 parts of modified hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Shandong Fang Lite composite Co., ltd.) with a weight average molecular weight of 50 ten thousand and a methoxy value of 25% and a hydroxypropyl value of 10% is used as a main dust suppression material, 10 parts of modified starch (Ningbo Bai Site Biotechnology Co., ltd.) and 350 parts of calcium bentonite.
And the component B comprises the following components: the inorganic color paste is basf Dispers ferric oxide color paste and blue.
And C, component: grass of Laiyiton, schwann, sweet clover, caryopteris mongolica, and seed of the plant Camellia sinensis.
When in use, enough water is ensured in the container, and the stirring or water circulating device is started. Firstly, adding the component A into a container with a stirring device or a water circulating device, wherein the proportion of the component A is controlled to be 9.5 per mill of the weight of water. After stirring or circulating uniformly, adding the component B, wherein the proportion of the component B is controlled to be 1 per mill of the weight of the water. And (3) adding the component C into the stirred or circulated water, and spraying the mixed aqueous dispersion on a dust suppression field. Or the component C can be independently dispersed in water and sprayed on a dust treatment field in advance, and then the uniformly mixed aqueous dispersion liquid is sprayed. The proportion of the component C is controlled to be 2.5 per mill of the weight of the water. The dust suppression effect was evaluated by spraying 500 square dust suppression sites with the dust suppression agent aqueous dispersion prepared per ton.
Example 3: the dust suppression material comprises the following components in parts by weight: and (3) a component A: 80 parts of modified hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Shandong Fabry-Perot composite Co., ltd.) with a weight average molecular weight of 30 ten thousand and a methoxy value of 24% and a hydroxypropyl value of 8% is used as a main dust suppression material, 15 parts of modified starch (Ningbo Baidsid biotechnology Co., ltd.), 150 parts of calcium bentonite and 700 parts of heavy calcium carbonate.
And the component B comprises the following components: the inorganic color paste is basf Dispers ferric oxide color paste and is green.
And C, component: herba Saussureae Involueratae, herba Mongolici, radix Ilicis Pubescentis, herba Saussureae Involueratae, herba Artemisiae Scopariae, and herba Camelliae plant seed.
When in use, enough water is ensured in the container, and the stirring or water circulating device is started. Firstly, adding the component A into a container with a stirring device or a water circulating device, wherein the proportion of the component A is controlled to be 8.5 per mill of the weight of water. After stirring or circulating uniformly, adding the component B, wherein the proportion of the component B is controlled to be 0.5 per mill of the weight of the water. And (3) adding the component C into the stirred or circulated water, and spraying the mixed aqueous dispersion on a dust suppression field. Or the component C can be independently dispersed in water and sprayed on a dust treatment field in advance, and then the uniformly mixed aqueous dispersion liquid is sprayed. The proportion of the component C is controlled to be 4 per mill of the weight of the water. The dust suppression effect was evaluated by spraying 500 square dust suppression sites with the dust suppression agent aqueous dispersion prepared per ton.
Example 4: the dust suppression material comprises the following components in parts by weight: and (3) a component A: 85 parts of modified hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Shandong Fabry-Perot composite Co., ltd.) with a weight average molecular weight of 40 ten thousand and a methoxy value of 28% and a hydroxypropyl value of 6% is used as a main dust suppression material, 15 parts of modified starch (Ningbo Baidsid biotechnology Co., ltd.) and 500 parts of heavy calcium carbonate.
And the component B comprises the following components: the inorganic color paste is basf Dispers ferric oxide color paste and blue.
And C, component: mongolian wheatgrass, ammopiptanthus mongolicus, sweet clover and camel hair and quinoa seeds.
When in use, enough water is ensured in the container, and the stirring or water circulating device is started. Firstly, adding the component A into a container with a stirring device or a water circulating device, wherein the proportion of the component A is controlled to be 10 per mill of the weight of water. After stirring or circulating uniformly, adding the component B, wherein the proportion of the component B is controlled to be 1.5 per mill of the weight of the water. And (3) adding the component C into the stirred or circulated water, and spraying the mixed aqueous dispersion on a dust suppression field. Or the component C can be independently dispersed in water and sprayed on a dust treatment field in advance, and then the uniformly mixed aqueous dispersion liquid is sprayed. The proportion of the component C is controlled to be 3.5 per mill of the weight of the water. The dust suppression effect was evaluated by spraying 500 square dust suppression sites with the dust suppression agent aqueous dispersion prepared per ton.
Example 5: the dust suppression material comprises the following components in parts by weight: and (3) a component A: 90 parts of modified hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Shandong Fabry-Perot composite Co., ltd.) with 20 ten thousand methoxy groups and 8% hydroxypropyl groups, and 10 parts of modified starch (Ningbo Bai Siemens Biotechnology Co., ltd.).
And C, component: mongolian wheatgrass, ammopiptanthus mongolicus, sweet clover and camel hair and quinoa seeds.
When in use, enough water is ensured in the container, and the stirring or water circulating device is started. Firstly, adding the component A into a container with a stirring device or a water circulating device, wherein the proportion of the component A is controlled to be 4 per mill of the weight of water. After stirring or circulating uniformly, adding the component C into the stirred or circulating water, and spraying the mixed aqueous dispersion on a dust suppression field. Or the component C can be independently dispersed in water and sprayed on a dust treatment field in advance, and then the uniformly mixed aqueous dispersion liquid is sprayed. The proportion of the component C is controlled to be 3.5 per mill of the weight of the water. The dust suppression effect was evaluated by spraying 500 square dust suppression sites with the dust suppression agent aqueous dispersion prepared per ton.
Example 6: the dust suppression material comprises the following components in parts by weight: and (3) a component A: 75 parts of modified hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Shandong Fabry-Perot composite Co., ltd.) with a weight average molecular weight of 30 ten thousand and a methoxy value of 26% and a hydroxypropyl value of 10% is used as a main dust suppression material, and 20 parts of modified starch (Ningbo Baidsid biotechnology Co., ltd.).
And C, component: rice grass, sand-grown wheatgrass, mongolian wheatgrass, sand-winter green, sand-beaten, sweet clover and sand-wormwood plant seeds.
When in use, enough water is ensured in the container, and the stirring or water circulating device is started. Firstly, adding the component A into a container with a stirring device or a water circulating device, wherein the proportion of the component A is controlled to be 2 per mill of the weight of water. After stirring or circulating uniformly, adding the component C into the stirred or circulating water, and spraying the mixed aqueous dispersion on a dust suppression field. Or the component C can be independently dispersed in water and sprayed on a dust treatment field in advance, and then the uniformly mixed aqueous dispersion liquid is sprayed. The proportion of the component C is controlled to be 4 per mill of the weight of the water. The dust suppression effect was evaluated by spraying 500 square dust suppression sites with the dust suppression agent aqueous dispersion prepared per ton.
Example 7: the dust suppression material comprises the following components in parts by weight: and (3) a component A: 90 parts of modified hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Shandong Fabry-Perot composite Co., ltd.) with a weight average molecular weight of 50 ten thousand and a methoxy value of 22% and a hydroxypropyl value of 8% is used as the main dust suppression material, and 10 parts of modified starch (Ningbo Baidsid biotechnology Co., ltd.).
When in use, enough water is ensured in the container, and the stirring or water circulating device is started. The component A is added into a container with a stirring device or a water circulating device, and the proportion of the component A is controlled to be 4 per mill of the weight of water. After stirring or circulating uniformly, the aqueous dispersion is sprayed on a dust suppression field. The dust suppression effect was evaluated by spraying 500 square dust suppression sites with the dust suppression agent aqueous dispersion prepared per ton.
Example 8: the dust suppression material comprises the following components in parts by weight: and (3) a component A: 90 parts of modified hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Shandong Fabry-Perot composite Co., ltd.) with a weight average molecular weight of 30 ten thousand and a methoxy value of 30% and a hydroxypropyl value of 12% is used as a main dust suppression material, and 15 parts of modified starch (Ningbo Baidsid biotechnology Co., ltd.).
When in use, enough water is ensured in the container, and the stirring or water circulating device is started. The component A is added into a container with a stirring device or a water circulating device, and the proportion of the component A is controlled to be 3 per mill of the weight of water. After stirring or circulating uniformly, the aqueous dispersion is sprayed on a dust suppression field. The dust suppression effect was evaluated by spraying 500 square dust suppression sites with the dust suppression agent aqueous dispersion prepared per ton.
Comparative example 1: the dust suppression material comprises the following components in parts by weight: and (3) a component A: 80 parts of modified hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose with the weight average molecular weight of 70 ten thousand and the methoxy value of 8 percent and the hydroxypropyl value of 15 percent is used as a main dust suppression material, 15 parts of modified starch, 100 parts of calcium bentonite and 100 parts of heavy calcium carbonate.
And the component B comprises the following components: the inorganic color paste is basf Dispers ferric oxide color paste and blue.
And C, component: herba Saussureae Involueratae, herba Mongolici, radix Ilicis Pubescentis, herba Saussureae Involueratae, herba Artemisiae Scopariae, and herba Camelliae plant seed.
When in use, enough water is ensured in the container, and the stirring or water circulating device is started. Firstly, adding the component A into a container with a stirring device or a water circulating device, wherein the proportion of the component A is controlled to be 8.5 per mill of the weight of water. After stirring or circulating uniformly, adding the component B, wherein the proportion of the component B is controlled to be 0.5 per mill of the weight of the water. And (3) adding the component C into the stirred or circulated water, and spraying the mixed aqueous dispersion on a dust suppression field. Or the component C can be independently dispersed in water and sprayed on a dust treatment field in advance, and then the uniformly mixed aqueous dispersion liquid is sprayed. The proportion of the component C is controlled to be 4 per mill of the weight of the water. The dust suppression effect was evaluated by spraying 500 square dust suppression sites with the dust suppression agent aqueous dispersion prepared per ton.
Comparative example 2: dust suppression material formulated according to example 2 of CN 201610841949.3: 10kg of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and 2kg of hydroxyethyl cellulose are dissolved with 465kg of water for standby, and 6kg of polyvinyl alcohol is heated with 100kg of water for standby; 4.5kg of emulsifying agent, 1kg of penetrating agent and 1kg of film forming auxiliary agent are respectively dissolved with 20kg of water for standby; 140.5kg of water is added into a reaction kettle, stirring is started, dissolved hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose and polyvinyl alcohol are premixed firstly, stirring is carried out for 0.5h, then 140kg of oxidized starch, 60kg of EVA emulsion, dissolved emulsifying agent, penetrating agent and film forming additive are sequentially added, and stirring is carried out for about 1h, and then shutdown is carried out.
Evaluation mode 1: diluting dust inhibitor by 12 times, and injecting into high pressure spraying equipment at a concentration of 2.0L/m 2 The dosage of the paint is uniformly sprayed once to form a solidified layer with about 10mm, thereby achieving the dust suppression effect. (original evaluation method of patent, effective solid content is 19.6 per mill).
Evaluation mode 2: the effective solid content is diluted according to 15 per mill, and the dust suppression effect is evaluated by spraying 500 square dust suppression sites with the dust suppression agent aqueous dispersion liquid prepared per ton. (spraying method according to the highest dosage of dust inhibitor of the patent and implementation of the method of the patent).
The same amount of
Comparative example 3: dust suppression material formulated according to CN 201910477859.4: 77 parts by weight of silicone-modified acrylic emulsion, 9 parts by weight of epoxy water-based siloxane, 1.5 parts by weight of water-based fluorosilicone emulsion, 0.5 part by weight of water-soluble polymer (carboxymethyl starch) and 12 parts by weight of deionized water.
The preparation method of the dust inhibitor comprises the following steps:
in the first step, polyvinyl alcohol 1788, octyl phenol polyoxyethylene (10) ether, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium bicarbonate and deionized water are mixed according to mass. Adding the mixture into a reaction kettle, and stirring and dissolving the mixture to obtain a first solution; uniformly mixing vinyl acetate, butyl acrylate and an organosilicon monomer to obtain a second solution; mixing and dissolving potassium persulfate and deionized water to obtain a third solution, wherein the mass ratio of the added butyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, organic silicon monomer, polyvinyl alcohol 1788, octyl phenol polyoxyethylene (10) ether, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium bicarbonate and potassium persulfate is 1:2.5: 0.14: 0.12:0.06:0.03:0.012:0.035;
the second step, adding the second solution accounting for 28 percent of the total mass into a reaction kettle for stirring at the speed of
1000rpm, then heating to 75 ℃ and then reacting for 30min, then adding a third solution accounting for 25% of the total mass into a reaction kettle for prepolymerization, wherein the reaction time is 30min, and stirring is carried out in the reaction process at the stirring speed of 220rpm to obtain a first reaction solution;
and thirdly, continuously dropwise adding a second solution accounting for 75% of the total mass and a third solution accounting for 75% of the total mass into the first reaction liquid in the reaction kettle, stirring while dropwise adding, keeping the total dropwise adding time for 1.5h, keeping the temperature for 1h after dropwise adding, naturally cooling to room temperature after keeping the temperature, adding ammonia water, and regulating the pH to 7-8 to obtain the silicon-modified acrylic emulsion with the solid content of 40%.
Fourthly, adding 12 parts by weight of deionized water into a compounding tank at normal temperature, then adding 1.5 parts by weight of aqueous fluorosilicone emulsion under the condition of rotating speed of 360rpm, and stirring for 10-15 min to obtain a first mixed solution;
fifthly, adding 77 parts by weight of the silicon-modified acrylic emulsion and 9 parts by weight of the epoxy water-based siloxane prepared in the third step into the first-mixed solution, and stirring for 10-15 min to obtain a second mixed solution;
and step six, adding 0.5 part by weight of water-soluble polymer (carboxymethyl starch) into the second mixed solution, and uniformly stirring until no particles or bubbles exist, thereby obtaining the dust inhibitor.
Evaluation mode 1: adding the dust inhibitor into water according to the addition amount of 1%, preparing a solution, and spraying 500 square dust suppression sites with the prepared water dispersion of the dust inhibitor per ton to evaluate the dust suppression effect. (according to the original evaluation method of CN 201910477859.4).
Evaluation mode 2: adding the dust inhibitor into water according to the addition amount of 15 per mill to prepare a solution, and spraying 500 square dust suppression sites with the prepared water dispersion of the dust inhibitor per ton to evaluate the dust suppression effect. (spraying method according to the highest amount of dust inhibitor and implementation of the method of the present patent)
The detection method comprises the following steps: the yellow river sediment in the inner Mongolia Uhai region is taken as an experimental object, a sprinkling vehicle sprinkling operation mode is adopted to perform sprinkling operation on a yellow river sediment dust suppression site, the sprinkling method takes the surface thorough wetting of the yellow river sediment as a standard, and after the surface moisture permeates and volatilizes, various indexes of the dust suppression material are detected. Dust suppression rate the conditions of PM2.5 and PM10 in air were detected by simulating 8-stage wind as a standard. The dust suppression property of the dust suppression material was measured after three times of thoroughly wetting the water and thoroughly drying. The dust suppression durability of the dust suppression material was determined by continued observation and detection. Plant emergence rate was calculated as the ratio of the number of germinated seeds to the total number of sown seeds.
TABLE 1 dust suppression effect of dust inhibitor
As can be seen from the above table, the dust suppression materials formulated using examples 1-8 of the present invention have significant dust suppression for PM2.5 and PM10, as compared to the commercially available dust suppression agents. Comparative examples 1 and 2 can only reach the secondary concentration limit of PM2.5 and PM10 in the atmospheric environment of the national environmental air quality Standard (GB 3095-2012) under the same conditions, while examples 1-8 have larger dust suppression performance improvement than comparative examples, and can reach the primary concentration limit. And after the simulated water spraying damage, the dust suppression materials prepared in the examples 1-8 can still ensure the secondary concentration limit value of PM2.5 and PM10 in the atmospheric environment, and the comparative examples 1-3 exceed the secondary concentration limit value standard after the simulated water spraying damage. In examples 1-6 where green plant growth was carried out, the spraying of the dust suppressing material did not affect the germination and growth of the green plant seeds. The overall dust suppression validity period of examples 1-8 exceeded 180 days. In addition, the dust suppressing materials formulated in examples 1 to 8 have a more durable water retention effect than comparative examples 2 and 3. Therefore, from the aspect of comprehensive use effect, the dust suppression material has good comprehensive dust suppression effect. In the process of preparing the dust inhibitor, the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with excessive molecular weight is adopted in comparative example 1, and the hydroxypropyl value is also larger, and the methoxy value is smaller, so that the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose has poor solubility, too long dissolution time and too large viscosity, is difficult to implement spraying operation, has poor dust suppression effect after re-sprinkling, is hardened on the surface, and has great influence on the germination rate of green plants.
Table 2 dust suppression effect detected in evaluation mode 2
As can be seen from table 2, the dust suppression effect of comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 after spraying the dust suppression material according to evaluation mode 2 was inferior to that of comparative example 2 after spraying the dust suppression agent according to the highest addition amount of the present patent, and the dust suppression effect on both PM2.5 and PM10 was higher than the national standard first order concentration limit. The highest adding amount of the dust suppressant in the comparative example 3 is larger than that in the prior patent evaluation mode, but the effect still does not reach the first-level concentration limit of the national standard. Therefore, the dust inhibitor disclosed by the patent has obvious improvement effect on dust inhibition.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. The dust suppression material is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 70-90 parts of modified hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose with weight average molecular weight of 20-50 ten thousand and 10-20 parts of modified starch; the modified hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with the weight-average molecular weight of 20-50 ten thousand is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose with a methoxy value of 19.0-30.0% and a hydroxypropyl value of 4-12% in the molecular structure; also comprises 350-950 parts of inorganic covering agent.
2. The dust suppressing material of claim 1, wherein the inorganic hiding agent is heavy calcium carbonate and/or calcium bentonite.
3. The dust suppressing material of claim 1, further comprising an inorganic color paste.
4. A dust suppressing material as set forth in claim 3, wherein the inorganic color paste is an iron oxide-based inorganic color paste.
5. The dust suppression material of claim 1, further comprising drought-resistant herb seeds.
6. The dust suppressing material of claim 5, wherein the herb seed comprises one or more of rice grass, sand grass, mongolian grass, sand holly, sand chinese scholartree, sweet clover, sand wormwood, tarragon, mongolian caryoptera, and camel hair.
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